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brendandonegan@hotmail.com

AWnyU
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hmoVo...''
Jo`m df^amV gaH$maZo gmm{OH$ jomVrb
AZoH$ CnH$ ~X Ho$bo. `mwio B.E.E. (Education
Maintenance Allowance) gma`m `moOZm ~X Pm`m,
{dmnrR>m`m ewH$mV dmT> Pmbr. H|$ gaH$maZo ZdrZ
AWgH$nmYrb bmJy Ho$bo`m H$nmVtwio Jo`m ghm
{h`mV Wm{ZH$ nMm`VrZo `wdm H|$m`m {ZYr`o XoIrb
H$nmV Ho$br.
B{VhmgVk So>{dS> VmH}$ `mgh AZoH$ d`mZr
`m XJbtMo dm{eH$ {dcofU Ho$b Amho. `m XJbrMo H$maU
'dJgKf' Am{U `m dJgKfmbm A{Ve` AMyH$ AgUmar
dUgKfmMr {Xem ho Amho, Ag `mZm ZmngyZ gwMdm`M
Amho.
gaH$mar AmH$S>md$Z Ag {XgyZ `oV, H$UdUu`mZm
JmadUu`mnojm gmVnQ> A{YH$ doim nmo{bgmH$Sy>Z AS>H${dbo
OmVo. H$UdUu` Am{U Ang`mH$mZr {~Q>Z`o g`m
gw$ Agbo`m Am{WH$ A[a>mMo gdmV ^`mZH$ $n nm{hbo
Amho.
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d$nmMr Agbr, `mV R>mog amOH$s` dMm[aH$ ~R>H$sMr
CUrd hmoVr, Ago Oar m` Ho$bo Varhr {~Q>Z`m g`m`m
Am{WH$ n[apWVrer {ZJ{S>V ~m~tda emgZmZo CMbbo`m
A`mo` nmdbmda bmoH$mH$Sy>Z {imbobm hm {VgmXM hmoVm
Ago hUUo hr A{O~mV A{Ve`mo$s R>aUma Zmhr!
Jo`mM dfu emim, {dmnrR>mYrb {dm`mZr

a`mda CV$Z ~Xbbo`m ej{UH$

YmoaUm`m {damoYmV {VJmr njm`m
(H$mPh}{Q>d nmQ>u) H$m`mb`mda
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gh^mJr AgU`m AZoH$ bmoH$mMo Ago
hUUo Amho H$s bmoH$m`m gKfmMr
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B{O`o...) Amho .
{~Q>ZYrb A{YH$mar `$s`m
Z{VH$VoMo AY:nVZ `mdahr H$mhr
d`mZr ~moQ> R>odbo Amho. Am{WH$
KmoQ>m`mwio brZ Pmbobr
amOH$ma`mMr {Vm, Am{WH$
A[a>mgmR>r H$maUr^yV R>abobr ~H$mMr
~oO~m~Xma YmoaUo, Or 20 `m {damoYmV
Pmbo`m {ZXemZm`m doir nmo{bgmMr
AgUmar ge`mnX dVUyH$ Am{U
nQ> S>m}H$`m `yO H$mnm}aoeZH$Sy>Z
nmo{bgmZr KoVbobr bmM `m gd Jmo>tZr
Jobr XmoZ df} bS>~S>bobr AmhoV.
n[aUmmbmM H$maU R>adyZ Mmon
Xo`mMm hm gJim Ioi Amho. Aer
dVUyH$ Oa ZoVoM H$aV AgVrb Va
VUmH$Sy>Z H$gbr doJir Anojm
R>odm`Mr?
~|S>Z S>moZoJZ, ho bS>Z {dmnrR>mV
gemoYH$ Am{U {ejH$ hUyZ H$m
H$aVmV. `mZr ^maVmV Amamo`{df`H$
gmm{OH$ Midi Am{U amOH$maUmMm
nana g~Y `mda 2 df} A`mg Ho$bm
Amho. 'AWnyU'gmR>r `mZr bS>Zd$Z
nmR>dbo`m dmmMm AZwdmX gm{hb
H$moir (sahil2485@gmail.com)
`mZr Ho$bm Amho.

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

15

Zdo OJ H$go Agob?

m. hX `wZwg

`m

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

20

Zr gy_ nVnwadR>mMr e$s `j AZw^dbobr

Zmhr `m`mg_moa `m doir _r Xm[a_w$
OJm~b ~mobVmo `m doir _ZmVrb eH$m d A{ddmg
Xe{dUmao hm` `m`m Moh`mda C_Q>Vo. Am_`m
{hVqMVH$mZmhr Amhr Xm[a_w$ OJmMo aJ{dbobo {M
Ae` H$moQ>rVrb dZ Amho Ago dmQ>Vo.
Xm[a{da{hV OJ H$go Agob `mMr H$nZm H$moU H$$
eHo$b? ho OJ H$go Agob? d Vo `edr hmoBb H$m`?
***
_m`m _Vo Xm[a_w$ OJ hUOo Ago OJ Agob
H$s `m_`o `oH$ `$sbm Amn`m mW{_H$ JaOm
^mJ{dUo e` Agob. `m OJmV ^wHo$Zo H$moUrhr _aUma Zmhr
d Hw$nmofUmMm ~ir R>aUma Zmhr. OJmV`m Zo`mZr Jobr
AZoH$ XeHo$ ho C{> g_moa R>odbo Amho naVw ho C{> gm`
H$a`mgmR>r Cnm` _m `moObobo ZmhrV.
AmO OJmV XaamoO Hw$nmofUmer g~{YV AmOmam_wio
Mmirg hOma ~mbHo$ _aVmV. Xm[a_w$ OJmV EH$hr ~mbH$
Aem amoJmMm ~ir AgUma Zmhr.
OJmVrb `oH$ `$sbm {ejUm`m d Amamo`m`m
gw{dYm CnbY hmoVrb H$maU `mZm `m nadS>Um`m AgVrb.
AmO`m_mUo emgZmbm J[a~mgmR>r, gdbVr`m XamV {ejU
d Amamo` `m`m gmo`r CnbY H$am`m bmJUma ZmhrV.
X[ar bmoH$mZm godm nwa{d`mgmR>r {Z_mU Pmbo`m
gWm d `Um H$mb~m hmoVrb. J[a~mgmR>r H$`mUH$mar
`moOZm am~{dUmam {d^mJ ~X hmoVrb. J[a~mZm _mo\$V _XV
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emimMo, Amamo`godoMo d a`mdarb {^H$m`mMo ApVd `m
doir Zgob.
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CndrgmR>r gmhm` H$aUm`m `moOZmMr JaO AgUma
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g_mOaMZonojm {^ Agob. Xm[a_w$ OJmV H$moUrhr

Xg`m`m _oha~mZrda Adb~yZ AgUma Zmhr, hmM _hdmMm

\$aH$ Xm[a`w$ OJmV Agob.
eodQ>r Xm[a_w$ OJ Am{WH$Q>m AmO`m OJmnojm
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CnOr{dH$m MmbdVrb. Xm[amVyZ ~mhoa nS>bo`m d dV:
`m H$_mBVyZ Z`mZo ~mOmamV doe H$aUm`m `m bmoH$m_wio
OmJ{VH$ AW`dWobm MmbZm {_iob. Z`mZo H$`e$s {_
i{dbo`m `m bmoH$m`m CnH$_erbVoVyZ OJmMr CnmXZj_Vm
dmT>rbm bmJob.
^{d`mVrb Xm[a_w$ OJmV H$moUrhr X[ar Zg`m_wio
d AgboM Va VmnwaVo Ag`m_wio AW`dWobm \$ma _moR>o
MT>CVma gmogmdo bmJUma ZmhrV. AW-`dhmamVrb VoOr d
_XrMo MH$ ~X hmoBb d AmnU _mZd{Z{_V Amnmrda A{YH$
gwb^VoZo _mV H$$ eHy$.
***
AWmV Xm[a_w$ OJmV `oH$ `$s Amn`m Hw$Qw>~mMm
M[aVmW Mmb{d`mBVnV Cn H$_mdUma Agbr Var
AMmZH$ CX^dUm`m Amnmr, {XdmiImoar, `dgm`mVrb
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`m_wio Hw$Qw>~o H$mhr H$mimgmR>r Am{WH$ gH$Q>mV gmnS>Vrb.
EImm {d{e> ^mJmVrb ZmJ[aH$ _hmnya, A{Vd>r,
MH$sdmXi, ^yH$n, XJbr AmXr Zg{JH$ AmnmrV gmnS>`m`m
KQ>Zm KS>Vrb. Aem Vmnwa`m d$nmVrb AS>MUtZm Vm|S>
Xo`mgmR>r AmnXJVmZm `mnma `dWoVrb {d_mgajU
Am{U BVa gwajm `moOZm `mMr VgoM gm_m{OH$ gWmMr _XV
hmoBb.
g_mOm`m gdm} VamVrb d VimVrb g_mOKQ>H$m`m
OrdZebrV {ZpMVM \$aH$ Agob. hm \$aH$ g`m H$mhr
XoemV AmJJmS>rV Ogo W_ dJ d Xwg`m dJmMo S>~o AgVmV
Vgm gYZ d _`_dJu` `m`mVbm \$aH$ Agob. nydu
AmJJmS>rV W_, {Vr`, VVr` d MVwW dJXoIrb Ago.
Mm`m XOm`m S>`mZm {IS>`m d ~g`mgmR>r AmgZoXoIrb
ZgV. S>`mV Agm`Mr VodT>r V\$mdV g_mOmV`m {d{dY
VamVrb g_mO KQ>H$mV ^{d`H$mimV AgUma Zmhr.
***

AmnU IamoIaM Xm[a_w$ OJ {Z_mU H$$ eHy$ H$m?

VVr`, MVwW dJmMm g_mdoe Zgbobo, ^wHo$bo, A{e{jV,
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H$aUo e` Amho H$m`?
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AmnU {Z_mU H$$ eH$Vmo `mM VhoZo AmnU Xm[a_w$ OJ
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g_mOmOdi nmohmoMUmam Vmo gdmV MmJbm n`m` Agob.
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gdmnojm A{YH$ H$R>rU naVw `mZm nyaH$ Agob. Aem OJmV
amhUo AmnUm gdmZm A{^_mZmnX dmQ>ob.
AmJm_r eVH$m_`o H$m` KS>ob?
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eVH$mn`V gH${bV Pmbobo kmZ, gemoYZ, emoY ho {H$VrVar
A{YH$ nQ>rZo `o`m nmg dfmV dmT>bobo {XgVrb. Aem

AmM`H$maH$ doJmZo hmoUm`m ~Xbmbm Amn`mbm gm_moao Omdo

bmJUma Amho. Oa e^a dfmZr AmnU ndrda naV `oD$
eH$bmo Va AmnU B{Vhmgnyd H$mimVyZ Ambobo AmhmoV H$s H$m`
Ago Amn`mbm OmUdob.
EdT>oM H$embm nMdrg dfmZVaMo OJ H$go Agob ho
XmI{d`mgmR>r AMmQ> H$nZm e` H$$Z XmIdUm`m
{dkmZH$Wm {bhm`m bmJVrb.
~Xbmbm Amd`H$ Aer JVr _mUgm`m gd `dhmamZm
bm^bobr Amho. AkmVmMm emoY Ko`mMr XX` BN>me$s,
JmhH$m`m godogmR>r VkmZmMm dmna H$a`mMr `mdgm{`H$mMr
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nYm `m gdmMm EH${V n[aUm_ _mZdr OrdZmV ~Xb hmo`mV
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Iam Z Amho.
`m ZmMo Cma n> Amho, AmnU Oa Amn`mbm ndr
Zmdm`m AdH$me`mZmMo dmgr AmhmoV Ago g_Obo Va AmnU
nm`bQ>a{hV {XemhrZ AdWoV ^aH$Q>Um`m `mZmMo dmgr
~Zy. naVw Oa AmnU dV:bm ho AdH$me`mZ Mmb{dUmao
H$_Mmar Amhmo Ago g_Oy eH$bmo Am{U Am_`mg_moa {ZpMV
gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$ C{> Amho Ago JhrV Yabo Va _m
Am_`m BpN>V Wimn`V AmnU nmohmoMy eHy$. `m dmgmV
H$mhr doiobm bm~Mr diUo `mdr bmJbr Am{U MwH$m Pm`m
Var Am_`m C{>mn`V Amhr nmohmoMy eHy$.
Amnbo BpN>V {R>H$mU Amn`mbm _mhrV AgUo Amd`H$
Amho. `m BpN>V WimMm emoY MmbyM R>odbm nm{hOo. `mgmR>r
OZ_V gK{Q>V H$a`mMr Amd`H$Vm Amho.
Amnbo {ZpMV C{> R>ad`mV Oa AmnU `edr Pmbmo
Va Vo gm` H$a`mgmR>r ZdZdrZ _mJ Amn`mbm CnbY
hmoD$ eH$Vrb. H$moU`mhr gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$ `m`mMo dZ
hUOoM Amn`m BpN>V Aem {R>H$mUmH$S>o nmohmoM`mMm
AmamIS>m V`ma H$aUo hmo`.
***
B.g. 2050 gmbr AmnU Hw$R>o Agy hm Iam Z ZgyZ
B.g. 2050 gmbr AmnU Hw$R>o Ag`mMo Amnbo C{> Agob

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

21

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

22

hm Z Amho.
B.g. 2050 gmbmn`V OJ Xm[a_w$ Agmdo Aer
_mPr BN>m Amho. `mMm AW hm H$s, ndrVbmda `mbm
Jar~ hUVm `oBb Agm EH$hr _Zw` Vohm {eH$ Zgob. `m
doion`V Xm[a hm eX gX^hrZ Pmbm Agob. Amn`m ^mdr
{nT>mZm Xm[a, ^yVH$mimVrb dmVd hUyZ `w{P`__`oM
nmhm`bm {_iy eHo$b.
***
Xm[a{Z_ybZmMm Z, Cnm` Am{U _mJ emoY`mMm
ZgyZ BN>me$sMm Amho. AmOhr AmnU Xm[amMm Jm^r`mZo
{dMma H$arV Zmhr `mMo H$maU Amn`mbm `mMr `j Pi
nmohmoMV Zmhr. J[a~mZr Amnbr pWVr gwYma`mgmR>r A{YH$
H$> KoVbo Va Vo Xm[amda _mV H$$ eH$Vrb, Ago _V `$
H$$Z AmnU Amnbr `m ZmnmgyZ gwQ>H$m H$$Z KoVmo.
J[a~mZm _XV H$a`mMr BN>m hmoVo `m doir AmnU `mZm
XmZ Xo`mMm `Z H$aVmo. Xm[am`m ZmMo Iao d$n
OmUyZ `mda VmoS>Jm H$mT>`mMr O~m~Xmar Q>mi`mMm Amnbm
`Z AgVmo.
XmZ Xm[amdaMm VmoS>Jm Zmhr, CbQ> XmZ X[ar
bmoH$mMr CnH$_erbVm _maVo d `mMo Xm[a H$m`_ R>od`mg
_XV H$aVo. XmZ Amn`mbm Xg`m`m Xm[am{df`r
{dMma H$a`mnmgyZ _w$ H$aVo. XmZ {X`m_wio Amn`m
gXgX{ddoH$~wrbm g_mYmZ {_iVo. Iam Z `oH$mbm
Amnbr n[apWVr gwYma`mMr `mo` d g_mZ gYr {_i`mMm
Amho.
***
gdmZm Amnbr JVr H$$Z Ko`mMr g_mZ gYr {_imdr
`mgmR>r `Z Pmbobo AmhoV. Varhr Xm[amMm Z gwQ>bobm
Zmhr. Xm[amMm Z gmoS>{d`mMr O~m~Xmar emgZmda
gmon{d`mV Ambr AgyZ emgZ`UoV J[a~m`m H$`mUmgmR>r
H$m_ H$aUmar _moR>r emgH$s` `Um d pb> {Z`_ d
H$m`nVr {dH${gV H$a`mV Ambr Amho. OZVo`m H$amVrb
_moR>m {hgm Xm[a-{Z_ybZm`m H$m`H$_mgmR>r CnbY H$$Z
{Xbm OmVmo.
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{H$VnV gm` Pmbo Amho ho Oar ~mOybm R>odbo Var `mVyZ

gdmZm gYr m hmoD$ eH$bobr Zmhr hr dVwpWVr Amho.

emgZm`m AZwXmZmVyZ `m _wbmMo gJmonZ hmoVo Vr Am`w`^a
AZwXmZmdaM OJVmV.
gm_m{OH$ ~Xb ho OmUrdnydH$ Ho$bo`m H$R>moa n[al_mVyZ
gmH$ma hmoVmV. n[adVZmgmR>r Ko`mV `oUm`m n[al_mMr
VrdVm, BN>me$s d `mVyZ CnbY hmoUm`m gmYZmda
Adb~yZ AgVo. d`{$H$ dmWmda d bmo^mda AmYmabo`m
AW`dWoV ~Xb d`{$H$ dmWmZoM o[aV hmoV AgVmV. ho
~Xb Zoh_r g_mO{hVmMo AgVrbM Ago Zho. gm_m{OH$Q>m
Cn`w$ ~Xb `{$JV bm^m`m >rZo nmofH$ AgVrbM Ago
Zho.
Aem n[apWVrV gm_m{OH$ Om{UdoVyZ H$m_ H$aUm`m
gWmMr JaO AgVo. emgZmZo d g_mOmZo Aem gWmZm
nmR>~i Xo`mMr Amd`H$Vm AgVo.
Amnbr C{>o gm` H$a`mgmR>r `m gWm Amnbm {ZYr d
gemoYZ ZdrZ gmYZmMm d VmMm dmna H$a`mgmR>r H$aVrb.
d`{$H$ bm^m`m CoemgmR>r H$a`mV `oUm`m VkmZm`m
{dH$mgmMo {Z`U H$$Z VkmZ g_mOmbm ^aH$Q>V ZoUma
Zmhr hr I~aXmar Aem gWm KoVrb.
***
AbrH$S>o EH$ Ago ZdrZ V {dH${gV Pmbo Amho Oo nydu
_mZdr B{VhmgmV H$Yrhr Pmbobo Zmhr. Ago n[adVZ PnmQ>mZo
An H$mimV KS>dyZ AmUy eHo$b Ago {XgVo. `m Vmbm
_m{hVr d gnH$ VkmZ Ago g~moYVm `oBb. AmmmM `m
VkmZmMm ^md {XgyZ `oV Amho.
BQ>aZoQ>Mo CXmhaU `m, `mMm gma PnmQ>mZo hmoV Amho.
g`m `m doJmZo BQ>aZoQ>Mm gma hmoV Amho Vmo {dMmamV KoVbm
Va gZ? 2013 gmb AIoa ndrVbmdarb gd `$sH$S>o
B-_ob nmm Agob.
_m{hVr d gnH$ VkmZmMo gdmV _hdmMo d{eQ> ho H$s
H$moUrhr `mda {Z`U R>ody eH$V Zmhr. H$moUVohr emgZ, ~S>m
^mS>dbXma qH$dm H$moUVrhr e$s BQ>aZoQ>darb _m{hVrMm dmh
amoIy eH$V Zmhr. `m VkmZmMo Xgao _hdmMo d{eQ> ho H$s Vo
{Xdg|{Xdg dV d gm_m` _mUgm`m Amdm`mV `oV Amho.
_m{hVr d gnH$ VkmZm_wio bdH$aM OJmg kmZm`m d
gmo`m XbmbmnmgyZ _w$r {_iob; `m_wio `oH$ `$s`m

AmdS>r-{ZdS>r _hdm`m R>aVrb. `m nwT>`m H$mimV

`$sbm gdm{YH$ _hd nm hmoBb. `$sbm gdm} WmZmda
nmohmoM`mgmR>r H$moU`mhr MmM`m m`m bmJUma ZmhrV.
VkmZm_wio OJmV hmoV Agbobm hm ~Xb g_mOmVrb X~b,
d{MV d Ang` KQ>H$mgmR>r CgmhdYH$ R>aUma Amho.
_m{hVr {Z`{V H$aUm`m gmoMo `mnwT>`m H$mimV {dKQ>Z
hmoUo An[ahm` Amho. am`m`m _wImBVH$sM, H$moU`mhr
gm_m` ZmJ[aH$mghr H$moUVrhr _m{hVr CnbY hmoBb. ZoVd,
_m{hVrMo {Z`U d {VMm gmoBZwgma dmna H$a`mda Adb~yZ
Z amhVm Xa>r, m_m{UH$nUm d {ddmgmhVm `mda Adb~yZ
amhrb.
***
_m{hVr d gnH$ VkmZmZo H$moU`m {XeoZo dmQ>Mmb H$amdr
Ago _bm {dMmamb Va _r hUoZ, lr_VmnmgyZ J[a~mn`V
gdmZm hdr Vr _m{hVr, hdr Vohm AVamMm AS>Wim Z `oVm
A`n IMmV {_imdr.
gd ej{UH$ d gm_m{OH$ gWm _m{hVr gmaUmMr H|$o
~ZmdrV. `oH$ `$s`m AJr gw pWVrV Agbobr A_`mX
gOZe$s, CnmXH$Vm d MmVw` `mZm dmd {_i`mgmR>r
Amd`H$ OmJ{VH$ dmVmdaU {Z_mU H$a`mMo _mJXeH$ gy
_m{hVr d gnH$ VkmZmg_moa Agbo nm{hOo.
OJmVrb H$moU`mhr {R>H$mUr O_bobr H$moU`mhr
gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$ Vamdarb `$s Amn`m BN>oZwgma d
j_Vo_mUo H$moU`mhr ej{UH$ gWoV doe KoD$ eHo$b.
ej{UH$ gWoMr gnyU `m`mM `m nwT>`m H$mimV
~Xbob. Aem n[apWVrV OJmV`m gdmV {V{>V
{dmnrR>mVrb gdmV ~w{_mZ d gOZerb {dmWu ~mJbmXoe,
MrZ qH$dm B{WAmo{n`m `mgma`m XoemVrb, Amn`m IoS>mVyZ
H$Yrhr ~mhoa Z nS>bobm EImXm _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr Ag`mg
AmM` dmQ>Uma Zmhr.
***
OJmVrb Xm[amMo {Z_ybZ BVa H$moU`mhr Cnm`mnojm
A{YH$ ObX d ^mdrnUo, X[ar r-nwfmZm hdr Agbobr
_m{hVr d nVnwadR>m gwb^ar`m CnbY H$$Z {X`m_wio hmoD$
eHo$b. `mMm AW J[a~mZm hr XmoZ gmYZo CnbY hmoBn`V
BVa gd Cnm``moOZm Wm~dm`mV Ago Zmhr. g`m hmoV
Agbobo Xm[a{Z_ybZmMo `Z d ZOrH$`m ^{d`H$mimV

ZdrZ VkmZm`m _XVrZo `moOmd`mMo Cnm` EH$_oH$mg nyaH$M

AmhoV.
***
Xm[a{Z_ybZmgmR>r, gdmZm ~mOmanoR>oV doe
{i`mVrb AS>Wio Xa Pmbo nm{hOoV. `oH$ XoemV
J[a~m`m Zmdmda ~mOmanoR>oda {Z`U R>od`mMr `dWm
H$a`mV `oVo, naVw `m `dWoMm Iam bm^ MbmI d lr_V
bmoH$ CR>{dVmV.
dVwV: J[a~mZm N>moQ>m ~mOmanoR>onojm _moR>m ~mOmanoR>oV
A{YH$ `m` {_i`mMr gYr AgVo. _m{hVr, dVy, nVnwadR>m
d `$s `m`m _w$ hmbMmbt_wio Ho$di J[a~mZmM Zho Va
gdmZm bm^ hmoBb. Amn`m Xoem`m gahr^modVr CM q^Vr
C`m H$aUo {ZaWH$ Amho. EH$m eVH$mnydu nmgnmoQ> d phgm
ApVdmV ZhVo. hr {dgm`m eVH$mMr XoUJr Amho. `m
eVH$mZo nmgnmoQ> d phgm {Z_mU Ho$bm `m eVH$m~amo~aM
`mZm {Zamon XoD$ `m. Amn`m _mUyg `m AmoiIrbm gdmV
A{YH$ mYm` AmnU XoD$ `m.
AmnU Amnmnbo am>r` dO \$S>H$mdV Amn`m mXo{eH$,
am>r`, dm{eH$, Ym{_H$, amOH$s`, gmH${VH$, mXo{eH$
{d{dYVoZo ZQ>bo`m _mZdr g_mOmMo ^mJ AmhmoV `mMm A{^_
mZ ~miJ`mMr d `m gdmV {ZamoJr nY}VyZ _mZdOmVrMo Eo`
A{YH$ ~iH$Q> hmdo `mgmR>r `Z H$a`mMr JaO Amho.
AWmV Am{WH$ JaO d ZdrZ VkmZ `m_wio OJmVrb
gd _mZdr g_yh H${_ gahr d AVao VmoSy>Z EH$_oH$mOdi
`oV Ag`mMo {M AmnU nmhV AmhmoVM. `m {H$`oMo AmnU
CgmhmZo dmJV H$$ `m. Am{WH$ d VkmZm`m jomV
hmoUm`m ~Xbm_wio am>r` gaH$ma hr gH$nZm nyUnUo ~mOybm
nS>`mMr doi Ambr AgVmZm, `$s d Wm{ZH$ gWm `mZm
A{YH$ _hd m hmoV AgVmZm, emgZ`UoMm AS>Wim Z
`oVm ZmJ[aH$mZm Amn`m Xoem`m hr AmobmSy>Z BVa XoemVrb
`$s d gWm~amo~a g`w$nUo `dgm` H$aUo Zg{JH$ar`m
e` hmoUma Amho.
Zmo~ob nwaH$ma {dOoVo m. hX `wZwg `m`m "~H$a Qw> X
nwAa' (~H$ J[a~m`m XmamV) `m nwVH$mVrb ho eodQ>Mo
gnm{XV H$aU. `m nwVH$mMm amR>r AZwdmX gw{dm
H$meZ, gmobmnyaZo {g Ho$bm AgyZ amR>r AZwdmX Hw$ndmS>
({O. gmJbr) Mo m. eaX nmQ>rb `mZr Ho$bm Amho.

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

23

H$a_w$ AWUmbr
dgV gmoZdUo

_m

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

24

Zd hm H${Verb d A{Ve` AWnyU gnXm Amho.

_mZdmOdi AgUmar ~w{_mm, H$nH$Vm,
gOZerbVm, AmH$bZ e$s, {ZU`e$r, {ddoH$~wr,
YmS>g, {MH$mQ>r, _hdmH$mjm, H$m`VnaVm, Znw`,
AmdS> B. _mZdmOdi Agbobr JwUgnXm Amho. VgoM
m_m{UH$nUm, H$>miy dmr, gKQ>ZH$me`, EH$Vm, {dmg,
gMmoQ>r, km, ghZerbVm, AmXm`, o_, H$Um, X`m,
dmg` hr JwUgnXm _mZdmOdi AmT>iyZ `oVo.
Zg{JH$ gnXm hUOo hdm, nmUr, O_rZ, gy`H$me,
gmJa, I{ZOo Am{U dZnVr B. Aer Ordg>rbm
{_imbobr XoUJr Amho.
^yVbmdarb gd Ordg>r`m JaOmMr nyVVm
{ZgJgnXoVyZM hmoV AgVo. _mZdm`m JaOmMr nyVVm hr
_mZdr JwUgnXm d Zg{JH$ JwU gnXm `m`m _m`_mVyZ
hmoV AgVo. Zg{JH$ gnXm Am{U _mZdr JwUgnXm `m`m
_m`_mVyZ dVyMr {Z{_Vr Ho$br OmVo Am{U dVy`m
_m`_mVyZ JaOmMr nyVVm hmoV AgVo.
g_yh OrdZmVrb _mZdr `dhma
EH$M `$r `m`m gd JaOm`m nyVVogmR>r gd dVy
{Z_mU H$$ eH$V Zmhr. `m_wio `m`m JaOoMr dVy
`mbm Xg`m `$sH$Sy>Z `mdr bmJVo. `mVyZM _mZdr
`dhmamV dVy {d{Z_`mMr gH$nZm nwT>o Ambr. nemgmR>r
YmVy`m Zm`mMm Cn`moJ H$a`mV Ambm. `mZVa gam\$s
d gmdH$mar noT>m {Z_mU Pm`m. `mVyZM nV MbZmMr
H$nZm dmVdmV Ambr. `mZVa gam\$s d gmdH$mar noT>m
{Z_mU Pm`m, `mVyZM nV MbZmMr H$nZm nwT>o Ambr.
ZVa Xbmbr Jho {Z_mU Pmbr. `mZVa ~H$ hr gH$nZm
CX`mg Ambr Am{U nV nem`m amoIVogmR>r H$mJXr
MbZmMm _m`_ hUyZ Cn`moJ H$a`mV Ambm. H$mJXr
MbZ _m`_ Agbo Var `mbm gd _m`Vm {Z_mU Pmbr.
`m{edm` Vo Cm_ Z_{mH$ _m`_ ~Zbo. `mVrb amoIVm,
hVmVaVm, gwb^Vm, dhZVm, gwa{jVVm d gnmr B. ~m~r
Ag`m_wio Vo `dhma nyVVogmR>r A`V gmo`rMo d Cn`w$
R>abo d gd_m` R>abo.

`dhmamVrb amoIVm d H$mJXr MbZmMm n[aUm_

H$mJXr MbZ (ZmoQ>m) `dhmamVrb amoIVogmR>r d
`dhma nyVVogmR>r Oar A`V Cn`moJr Oar Agbo Var
`mMm AW`dWoda hmoUmam n[aUm_ `mMm {dMma Ho$bm
AgVm AmnUmg Ago {XgyZ `oVo, H$s dVy hr Cn^mo`
Amho. {VMm Cn^moJ KoV`mZVa Vr gnVo Va H$mJXr MbZ
dVy {d{Z_`m`m _m`_mVyZ hVmV[aV hmoV ~mOmamV
{\$aV amhVo Am{U nV{Z{_Vr hmoV amhVo. nV{Z{_Vr`m
_m`_mVyZ MbZmMr pWaVm {Z_mU hmoV Zmhr. dVwV:
dVy gnbr, H$s Vmo ngmhr gnbm nm{hOo VaM dVy
{d{Z_`mMo gVwbZ amh eH$Vo, A`Wm Zmhr. hUyZ `mMo
Imbrb n[aUm_ {XgyZ `oVmV.
1. AW`dWoV MbZm`m amoIVo_wio 90% ^>mMma hmoV
AgVmo. H$mJXr MbZ ^>mMma, bmMbwMnVrgmR>r A`V
gwb^ d gmoBMo _m`_ ~Zbo.
2. H$mJXr MbZm_wio ZH$br ZmoQ>mMm {d{Z`moJ H$aUohr gwb^
Pmbo.
3. gaH$ma`m MwH r`m H$aUmbr_wio ~mOmamV H$mim ngm
V`ma hmoV AgVmo. Agm ngm AdY `dgm`m_`o JwVdbm
OmVmo.
4. Aem nem`m _m`_mVyZ AVJV Amnbr H$`e$r
dmT>dyZ g_mO {ddgH$ gKQ>Zm _O~yV H$arV AgVmV.
5. gmd{H$ {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r C_oXdma {ZdSy>Z `o`mgmR>r
H$mJXr MbZmMm ~oH$m`Xoera {d{Z`moJ H$arV AgVmV.
AmOMr ~mOmam{Y{>V AW`dWoVrb Xmof
1) ~mOmamVrb dVyMr _mJUr Am{U nwadR>mVrb Xmof
_mJUr Am{U nwadR>m`m {gmVmZwgma "_mJUr dmT>br
H$s; qH$_V dmT>Vo Am{U nwadR>m dmT>bm H$s, qH$_V H$_r
hmoVo.' hr EH$ \$gdUyH$ Amho. g` ho Amho H$s; `oH$
dVybm {VMo {Z{_Vr _y` AgVo. dVyMr _mJUr dmT>br
Var {Z{_Vr _y` ~XbV ZgVo. VgoM nwadR>m dmT>bm
Varhr {Z{_Vr _y`mV ~Xb hmoV ZgVmo.
_mJUr dmT>br H$s dVyMr qH$_V `m ~mOma{Y{>V
`dWoV dmT>[dbr OmVo. `m_wio JmhH$mMr {nidUyH$
hmoVo Am{U VodT>m VodT>m _mUmV `mMr H$`e$s H$_r
hmoVo. `m_wio CnmXH$mMr {nidUyH$ hmoD$Z `mbm ZwH$gmZ

gmogmdo bmJVo. H$moUVmhr {gmV hm Zg{JH$ g`mda

qH$dm Zr{V_y`mda AmYmabobm AgVmo. hUyZ _mJUr
Am{U nwadR>mMm {gmV hr Va nyU \$gdUyH$ Amho. `mbm
H$moUVmhr gm{VH$ AmYma Zmhr.
dVy_w` {gmV hm dVy`m Zr{V_y`mda R>aV
AgVmo. `mbm Zr{V_y`mMm AmYma Amho, hUyZ hm {gmV
hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
2) ~mOmamVrb VoOr, _Xr : `m ~mOmam{Y{>V
AW`dWoVrb Xmof hUOo VoOr Am{U _Xr hm Amho. Oohm
{Z`moOZmV gmdO{ZH$ gw{dYmgmR>r _moR>o H$n am~dbo
OmVmV, VgoM Ammo{JH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r {Za{Zamio H$n
C^mabo OmVmV Am{U gmdO{ZH$ godm nwadVmZm _moR>m
_mUmV _Zw`~imMr Amd`H$Vm AgVo, Aem n[apWVrV
_moR>m _mUmda amoOJma {Z_mU hmoV AgVmo. amoOJmam`m
m`_mVyZ bmoH$m`m hmVmV ngm {_iVmo. nem`m _m`_
mVyZ dVyMr _mJUr dmT>Vo; _mJUr dmT>br H$s dVy`m
{H$_Vr dmT>VmV, {H$_Vr dmT>`m H$r bmoH$mMr H$`e$r H$_r
hmoVo, bmoH$mMr H$`e$r H$_r Pmbr H$r dVyMr _mJUr KQ>Vo,
_mJUr KQ>br H$s _Xr {Z_mU hmoVo Am{U ~oamoOJmar dmT>Vo;
hUyZ ~mOmamV VoOr, _Xr {Z_mU hmoV AgVo.
3) CnmXZmMr nYm_H$ {dH$s `dWm$: OmVrV
OmV Z\$m {_id`mgmR>r CnmXH Amn`m _mbm`m
{dH$sMo bj (Q>mJ}Q>) XoD$Z {dH$sMm CmH$ JmR>`mgmR>r
JmhH$m`m _mWr _ma`mMo V Adb~rV AgVmo. `mM_mUo
Amn`m CnmXZm`m AdmVd Om{hamVr H$$Z JmhH$mMr
{Xem^yb H$a`mV `oVo. JmhH$ `mbm ~ir nS>V AgVmV. hr
JmhH$mMr \$gdUyH$ AgVo.
4) Am{WH$ {df_Vm : `m ~mOmam{Y{>V AW`dWoV
Jar~ hm H$`e$r A^mdr Jar~ hmoV OmVmo, Am{U lr_V
hm lr_V hmoV OmVmo. `m_wio Am{WH$ {df_Vm {Z_mU hmoV
AgVo.
5) ^mS>db hUOo l__y`mMr Mmoar : ^mS>db hr
gH$nZm _ybV l__y`m`m {nidUwH$rVyZ {Z_mU Pmbobr
l_{da{hV Mmoar Amho Am{U `mO hr gH$nZm ^mS>dbmda
{Xbo Jobobo bmo^Z Amho. AdmOdr Z\$m hm JmhH$mda
bmXbobm ^ma Amho.

6) ~qH$J godm Amho, `dgm` Zmhr. : bmoH$m`m R>odr

^mS>db $nmZo KoD$Z `mda H$_r `mO XoD$Z OmV
`mOXamZo H$O XoD$Z Z\$m H$_{d`mV `oVmo. hm `dgm`
H$OXmam`m {nidUwH$sda AmYmabobm AgyZ hr Xgar
gmdH$marM Amho. ~qH$J hm `dgm` R>adbm Jo`m_wio ~H$mMo
Omio ^maVmV ehar ^mJmVM {XgyZ `oVo. Amn ^maVmVrb
IoS>r `m ~qH$J H$m`Umbr~m~V AZ{^kM AmhoV.
H$a_w$ AWUmbr EH$ ZdrZ {dMma
6. _mZdr JaOmMr nyVVm hr Zg{JH$ gnXm d _mZdr
JwUgnXm `m`m _m`_mVyZ dVyMr {Z{_Vr hmoVo Am{U
dVy`m _m`_mVyZ JaOmMr nyVVm Ho$br OmVo.
7. dVw_y` {gmVmZwgma dVyMr qH$_V hr {Z{_Vr
_y`mda AmYmabobr AgVo. hUyZ _mJUr d nwadR>m`m
~Xbm_wio Vr ~XbV ZgVo. Am{U H$moU`mhr n[apWVrV Vr
VrM amhVo.
8. `m `dWoV H$mJXr MbZ{da{hV gH$nZm
Ag`m_wio `dhmamVrb amoIVm OmD$Z `mEodOr Ho${S>Q>
H$mS>, MoH$, S>mQ> B. Mm dmna Ho$`m_wio `dhmamVrb
amoIVm Zg`m_wio amoIVo_wio {Z_mU hmoUmao Xmof Xa hmoVrb.
~qH$J hr gm_m{OH$ godm Amho, Vmo `dgm` Zmhr. `m
gH$nZoZwgma ^mS>db hr gH$nZm amhV Zmhr. `mM_mUo
`mO hr gH$nZmhr amhV Zmhr. ^maVmV ~H$mMr nwZaMZm
H$$Z ~Ho$Mo Omio {Z_mU H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho, `m_wio
^maVmVrb gd IoS>r `m gw{dYmMm \$m`Xm KoD$ eH$Vrb.
9. gmdO{ZH$ JaOm`m nyVVogmR>r IMmMo AXmOnH$
~Zdbo OmVo. `mZwgma nemMr Amd`H$Vm {Z_mU hmoVo d
Vr H$a$nmZo dgyb Ho$br OmVo; naVw `m nemMr `dWm
{Z`moOZm_H$ nV-nemVyZ Ho$`mg gd gmdO{ZH$
JaOmMr nyVVm H$aUo e` Amho, hUyZ AXmOnH$m_mUo
{Z`moOZm_H$ nV-ngm {Z_mU H$$Z `m gd gm_m{OH$
JaOmMr nyVVm hmoD$ eH$Vo; `m_wio OZVoH$Sy>Z H$a
Ko`mMr Amd`H$Vm amhV Zmhr; hUyZ _mZdm`m gdmJrU
{dH$mgmgmR>r H$a_w$ AWUmbrMr Amd`H$Vm Amho.
dgV gmoZmdUo ho "H$a_w$ Umbr' m {g
nwVH$mMo boIH$ AmhoV.

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

25

BboQ>m{ZH$ YZof
NEFT Am{U RTGS
dXZm Y_m{YH$mar
vandana10d@yahoo.com

H$mM KamVbr Mma _mUg Mma doJdoJ`m JmdmV amhV

AgVmV. EH$mM JmdmV AgyZhr Mma Kam_`o dmV`mg
AgVmV qH$dm Hw$R>o Hw$R>o Agohr AgVo... amhVmV EH$m KamV,
Mohao _m Mma {Xeobm. `m `m Zm`mMr AmV[aH$ AmoT>
`mZm ~mYy nmhV AgVo. ~mYUrgmR>r A`md`H$ AgVo, Vo
ghH$m`. `mVM Oa EH$_oH$mM Am{WH$ nmR>~i EH$_oH$mZm
{_iV am{hb, Va AZoH$ Jmo>tZm gwIH$aar`m nwT>o _mJH$_U
H$aU gmo`rH$a hmoV. `mgmR>rM KamVbr, Zm`mVbr _mUg
EH$_oH$mZm ngo nmR>dVmV.
`m `{V[a$ ~`mM doim ngo nmR>dmdo bmJVmV. nwVHo$,
dVy _mJ{dUo, ej{UH$ gWoV doe KoUo, Hw$UmMo H$mhr Var
bmJV Agbobo XoUo XoD$Z Q>mH$Uo, dmgmMo [aPd}eZ H$aUo,
hmQ>ob ~wqH$J H$aUo, XgarH$S>o Ka ~mYUo dm amhV Agbo`m
KamMo ^mS>o ^aUo. EH$ Zm XmoZ AZoH$ H$maUmZr Hw$UrVar,
Hw$Ry>ZVar, Hw$UmbmVar, Hw$R>`mVar JmmdmV`m EImm Xg`m
Hw$R>`m ~Ho$`m R>am{dH$ `m Im`mV ngo nmR>dV AgVmo.
`mgM YZof (Remittance) hUVmV. Ogo ngo nmR>dbo
OmVmV (outward remittance) VgoM Hw$Ry>ZVar `oVmVhr.

(inward remittance)

gdM ~H$m_`o BboQ>m{ZH$ ~qH$J H$m`aV Amho Am{U

`m_wio ~H$m`m YZof (Remittance) godoV Am_ybmJ ~Xb
Pmbobm {XgVmo. XmoZ emIm_Yrb EH$_oH$mV Agbobo XodmUKodmU `dhma Vm~S>Vmo~ hmoVmV. doJdoJ`m {R>H$mU`m
emIm_Yrb ImVr Hw$R>`mhr emIoVyZ MmbdVm `oVmV.
nmg~wH$mV Zm|Xrhr Hw$Ry>Zhr H$aVm `oVmV. EH$m emIoVyZ Xg`m
emIoVrb Hw$Um EH$m`m Im`mV ngo O_m H$aVm `oVmV.
doJim YZof H$amd`mMr JaOM CaV Zmhr. VgoM dV:Mo
Xg`m emIoVrb Im`mVyZ ngo H$mT>Vm `oVmV. ho gma H$mhr
CBS (Core Banking Solution) _wio e` Pmb.
NEFT (National Electronic Fund Transfer)
Am{U RTGS (Real Time Gross Settelement) `m

XmoZ

AWnyU ObX YZof gw{dYm BboQ>m{ZH$ _m`_mmao H$m`aV AmhoV.

gQ>|~a
2011 NEFT Mr gwdmV Zmoh|~a 2005 _`o Pmbr. ^maV^a

36

ngabo`m AZoH$ ~H$m`m AZoH$ emIm_YyZ AmnmngmVrb

YZof AnmdYrV nyUdmg ZoD$Z JmhH$ gVw>Vm dqJV
H$a`mMo H$m_r ~H$mZm `e Amb Amho. XmoZ doJdoJ`m
~H$m`m, EH$mM AWdm {^ {^ JmdmVrb Im`m_Yrb
YZof NEFT/RTGS H$aVmZm IFSC hm bmJVmoM. `m
XmohrnH$s Hw$R>br nV dmnamd`mMr `mMo H$mhr {ZH$f
AmhoV. . 2 bmImnojm OmV aH$_oMm YZof RTGS mam
hmoVmo. Xmohr_`o gwa{jVVm, ObXJVr Am{U H$_r OmoIr_
Ag`mZo `mmao hmoUmao `dhma {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>V AmhoV.
d`{$H$ YZnof Va hmoVmVM naVw `mdgm{`H$Vo_`o ngo
nmR>d`mMm H$mbmdYr H$_r Pmbm, AMyH$Vm dmT>br. `mMm
n[aUm_ `dgmm`dr. H$mnm}aoQ> OJVmV ObX \$S> Q>mg\$a
hmoV Ag`mZo A`V _hdm`m gdM Jmo>r d nwT>rb {ZU`{H$`m doJdmZ hmoV AmhoV.
NEFT mam Fund Transfer H$a`mgmR>r H$_rV H$_r
VgoM OmVrV OmV aH$_oMo Hw$R>bohr ~YZ Zmhr. `oWo EH$m
Im`mVyZ Xg`m Im`mV ngo dJ hmoVmV. `oH$ `dhmamMr
nyVVm Ho$br OmVo. ~Mog_`o ho H$m_ hmoV AgVo. _Yrb
H$mbmdYrV Ambo`m AOmda (NEFT request) bJoMM H$Vr
H$aVm `oV Zmhr, Va Vo nwT>rb doion`V R>odbo OmVmV. NEFT
_`o bmJUmam H$mbmdYr T+0 qH$dm T+1 bm `dhma nyU
hmoVmo.
NEFT/RTGS gmR>r H$amd`m`m AOmda ngo
nmR>dUm`m `$sMo nyU Zmd, ImVo Z~a, a$_, emIm,
IFSC Am{U `m `$s`m Im`mV ngo dJ (transfer)
H$amd`mMo `m `$sMo (Beneficiary) Zmd, ~H$, emIm,
Jmd, ImVo Z~a Am{U gdmV _hdmMm IFSC bmJVmoM
bmJVmo. `m{edm` AO drH$Vr hmoV Zmhr. AmVm ZdrZ
MoH$~wH$mV `oH$ MoH$daM hm Z~a IFSC Z_yX Ho$bobm
ZgVmo. `m `$sbm ngo nmR>dmd`mMo `m`m ~Ho$Mm IFSC
Vmo XoIrb ~Ho$V emoYVm `oVmo. ~H$mMo MICR Am{U IFSC
http://bankifsccode.com `m gmBQ>da CnbY AmhoV.
naVw `m `$sg {dMm$Z AOmda Z_yX H$aUo Cm_. H$mhr
eH$m Ag`mg, g_Obo Zg`mg bJoMM {dMmaUm H$amdr.
bm^mWu (beneficiary) Mr _m{hVr AMyH$ Agmdr.
RTGS (Real Time Gross Settelement)_`o

OgOgo `dhma Zm|Xdbo OmVmV Vgo Vgo `mda H$madmB Ho$br OmVo. gmo_dma
Vo ewH$dma gH$mir 9 Vo gm`H$mir 7 Am{U e{Zdmar gH$mir 9 Vo Xwnmar 4 `m
doioV RTGS YZof H$aVm `oVmo. RTGS hr EH$ {Xdg^a gVV Mmby AgUmar
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nyU H$amdoM bmJVmV, hUOo `m `m {Xder {XdgmAIoa gd XodmUKodmU (Daily
transaction Settlement) hmoVo. `mMmM AW `mM {Xder ngo dJ (transfer)
hmoVmV Am{U YZof nyU hmoVmo hUOo T+0 doimV H$m_ Pmbo. hUOo Real time
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RTGS `dhma (feed) Ho$bm H$s naV KoVm `oV Zmhr. feed Ho$bobm `dhma RBI
`m {gpQ>_bm nmR>dbm OmVmo Am{U Oa H$mhr H$maUmVd Vmo naV Ambm Zmhr Va
`dhma nyU Pmbm Ago g_Omdo. nbrH$S>`m Im`mV Vr a$_ O_m Pmbr.
RBI H$Sy>Z RTGS YZof `m `m ~Ho$`m Nodel ~Mbm H$idbm OmVmo
Am{U VoWyZ bm^mWu`m emIo_`o nmR>dbm OmVmo. `m doir ngo nmR>dUm`m `$sg
(Remitter) B-_ob AWdm SMS mam "YZof' Ho$bm Ago H$i{d`mV `oVo. SFMSStructured Financial Messaging System _`o \$S> Q>mg\$aMo _ogoOogMo
EH$rH$aU hmoVo.
`m emIoV YZof `oVmo (Beneficiary's bank/ branch) VoWo Vmo Am`mda
2 Vmgm`m AmV bm^mWuMo Zmd, ImVo Z~a gd VnmgyZ `m Im`mV a$_ O_m
hmoVo. g_Om H$mhr g_`m CX^dbr, ImVo Z~a Owibm Zmhr, Va VmoM YZof
VgmM naV nmR>{dbm OmVmo. `mgmR>r 5 bmImn`V YZof . 25/- Va `mnojm
OmXm aH$_ogmR>r . 50/- AmH$ma KoVbm OmVmo.
RBI, INFINET, IDRBT, NPCI, TJBD, CFMS, Backup
arrangement at RBI Data Cente, _|~a ~H$m, ~Ho$Mr Nodel emIm,

~Ho$`m
{d{dY {R>H$mUr AgUm`m emIm, `mMr AVJV OwiUr... `m d Aem `m gdm`m
AMyH$ d ObX H$m`Umbr_wio H$amoS>mo n`mMo bmImo `dhma AZoH$ ~H$m_YyZ
`dpWV hmoV AmhoV, hr A{Ve` _hdmMr O_oMr ~mOy Amho.
g_mOmH$Sy>Z `m ZdZdrZ J{V_mZ ~qH$J H$m`UmbtMo dmJV hmoV Amho.
NEFT/RTGS \$S> Q>mg\$a g`oZo dmT>V AmhoV. VgoM `mVrb aH$_m Va nQ>rZo
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AmnmoAmn g_Om`bm bmJVo, O_m`bm bmJVo. Km~$Z OmD$ Z`o. AJXrM H$mhr
g_OV Zgob Va _XVrbm ~H$ H$_Mmar AgVmVM.
lr_Vr Y_m{YH$mar ~H$ Am\$ B{S>`m`m doN>m{Zdm A{YH$mar, ~qH$J {Okmgm
nwVH$m`m bo{IH$m Am{U AZoH$ Am{WH$ gXao, boI_mbm`m bo{IH$m AmhoV.

EH$m Img
Ho${S>Q>
H$mS>m{df`r
Vwhr EoH$bo
Amho H$m?
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H$mS> Vwhr {H$Vr n`mMr
IaoXr Ho$br ho gmJVo... hUOo
Vwhr Vo EoHy$ eH$Vm! m
H$mS>mMr {Z{Vr S>m`Z{g
BH$ ZmdmMr H$nZr H$aVo Amho.
ho H$mS> 2011 `m AIoarg
Ao[aH$Z ~mOmanoR>oV `oBb.
`m H$mS>`o EH$ bhmZ
AmH$mamMm m`H$momogoga
Amho, Omo ~Q>arda MmbVmo.
`mnyduhr {gQ>r ~Ho$Zo o{Q>H$
pQn Vmda AmYm[aV 2Or H$mS> ~mOmamV AmUbo
hmoVo. `m`o bmdbo`m
EH$m ~Q>Um`m gmmZo `mMm
dmna Ho$bm OmD$ eH$V hmoVm.
`mM~amo~a {g mQ>a
H$mS>Mr gw{dYm XoUm`m H$nZrZo
EbgrS>r H$sZ bmdbobo H$mS>
mH}$Q>`o AmUbo hmoVo; naVw
~mobUmao H$mS> WM ~mOmamV
`oV Amho.

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

37

`edr mUg
H$moUVr Vo dmnaVmV?
S>m. H$mPr Eg. Or. Oam
drzarrakazi@gmail.com

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

52

edr mUg Amn`m OrdZmV AZoH$ VmMm dmna

H$aVmV d `edr hmoVmV. `edr bmoH$m`m OrdZmH$S>o
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`m OJmV Ag` `edr mUg AmhoV, naVw `m`m`o
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AmnUmbmhr `emn`V nmohMVm `oBb. `m VmnH$s qH$dm `m
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AmnUmbm ho mhrV Agob H$s H$mhr `Vt`m `ZmZo
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mJo am{hbmo AmhmoV. AmVm AemM nVrZo {dMma Ho$`mg
AmnU OrdZmV `edr H$go hmoD$ eHy$? `mgmR>r Amn`m
AJbZo Z nmhVm, `edr mUgm`m AJbZoM OrdZmH$S>o
nmhm`bm {eH$b nm{hOo. hUyZM gm{JVb OmV H$s >r
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Amd`H$ AgV. `edr mUgm`m AJbM mS>oqbJ H$aU
Amd`H$ AgV. bjmV R>odm, gwmV nmohUmao d S>~`mV

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nmohUm`m`m {>H$moZm`o {^Vm AgVo, ho {dgaVm H$mm

Z`o. moR>r mUg, `edr mUg `e m H$a`mmJM
H$mam hr, `mMr Vr Q>rM qH$dm AJbM AgVmo. Omon`V
AmnU `m AJbM AZwH$aU H$aUma Zmhr, Vmon`V
Amn`mbm VodT> `e m hmoU e`M Zmhr.
`mo` mJ {ZdS>m
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OJmV Ago AmhoV H$s `m`m OrdZmV H$gbmM Coe Zmhr.
10 Q>Ho$ bmoH$ Ago AmhoV `m`m OrdZmV Co` Amho
naVw Vo gm` H$a`mgmR>r Amd`H$ `Z Vo H$arV Zmhr
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A[YH$me bmoH$mMo X^m` Ago Amho H$s H$mhr bmoH$ $V
~mobVmVM, nU `mda H$Vr H$arV ZmhrV Am{U Omon`V
`Vr H$Vr H$aV Zmhr, Vmo n`V OrdZmV `e {idy eH$V
Zmhr.

AWnyU
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2011

54

darb {Vhr AmH$`mVyZ ho nQ> hmoBb H$s 87 Q>Ho$,

10 Q>Ho$ d 3 Q>Ho$ `o OJUm`m bmoH$mMo mJ doJdoJio
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nm{hOo. (bjmV R>odm, n`o R>od`mZo dmT>V ZmhrV, Va `mo`
nVrZo dmna Ho$`mg n`m`o {H$VrVar nQ>rZ dmT> hmoVo.
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Q>o$ qH$dm 10 Q>Ho$ bmoH$m`o R>odm`Mo Amho? H$s 3 Q>Ho$
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H$s namm H$moU`m H$VrZo Iye hmoBb? qH$dm w$s XoBb?
`mgmR>r AmnU H$moUV H$m` H$arV AmhmV? Cma {^-{^
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g`m H$moUVo `Z H$arV AmhmV?
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$V {ZU` Ko`mMr jVm. Or Amn`m`o g`m Amho d
VgoM `m {ZU`mbm H$VrMr OmoS> hdr.
* Amn`m`o Am{ddmghr Amho. `mMm AmOM dmna
H$am d dVbm AnJoS> H$a`mgmR>r n{hb nmD$b Q>mH$m.
{ddmg R>odm, AmnU ~mhoa Va {ZKm, mJ AmnmoAmn {iob.
bjmV R>odm, H$moU`mhr JmS>r`m bmBQ>Mo $moH$g $V H$mhr
AVamn`V OmV AgVmV. 100-200 y$Q> qH$dm AmUIr
OmV. Var VodT>mM AmYmamda Vr JmS>r bmImo {H$bmorQ>a
AYmamV mJH$U H$arV AgVo. `mMmUo AmnUhr
Am{ddmg, n[al d {ZU`eVr`m Omoamda ~mhoa Va
{ZKm, mJ AmnmoAmn gmnS>ob. mUgmbm Am{ddmgmZo

gwdmV H$am`bm {eH$b nm{hOo. bjmV R>odm, Ehar[WJ

nm{g~b.
* Amn`m OrdZmbm gHw${MV AmnUM Ho$b Amho. AmnU
Oohm gHw${MV {dMma H$am`bm bmJVmo, `mMo n[aUm_
gdW Amn`mdaM hmoV AgVmV. ZVa `mMo nS>gmX
Amn`m Odi`m bmoH$mda hmoVmV. naVw `m`o W
AmnbM ZwH$gmZ hmoV. Amnb ~a-dmBQ> Xga H$moUrM H$$
eH$V Zmhr, hohr H$m` AmnUM H$aVmo. MwH$s`m H$mS>g
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* bjmV R>odm, Omon`V AmnU dVbm nadmZJr XoV Zmhr,
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`m`mda mPm 100 Q>Ho$ {ddmg Amho.
* AmnUmbm Oa 3 Q>Ho$ bmoH$m`m gJVrV Om`M Agob,
Va `mgmR>r AJmoXa 97 Q>Ho$ bmoH$mMr mZ{gH$Vm gmoS>mdr
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bmJob. `emMo Q>oeZ ho 3 Q>`m`m mJmdaM Amho. 87
qH$dm 10 Q>`m`m mJmda Vo {iyM eH$V Zmhr. hUyZ
Amn`mbm Oa `edr hm`M Agob Va, AmnUmbmhr 3
Q>`m`m mJmda Mmbmd bmJob. hUyZ AmnUmbm Z~a
EH$`m `edr mUgm`m loUrV (Q>H$ da) Om`M Agob
Va, gdW Amn`mbm VrZ qH$dm XmoZ Z~aMm mJ ~Xbmdm
bmJob d EH$ Z~a`m mJmMm Adb~ H$amdm bmJob. ho
e`hr Amho.
* AmO {H$mZ AmnU Amnbo {dMma Var ~XbyZ nmhm.
dMm[aH$Q>m g`m AmnU ho H$$ eH$Vm. EH$Xm {dMma
~Xbbm d `m ~Xbbo`m {dMmamda Amnbm {ddmg ~gbm,
Va {ZpMVM Amnb OrdZ ~Xbob. `mgmR>r AmnUmbm $V
mZ{gH$Vm ~Xbm`Mr Amho. Q>mnMr mZ{gH$Vm {ZmU
H$am`Mr Amho. `mda {ddmg R>odm`Mm Amho. bjmV R>odm,
XhmdrV Om`mgmR>r Zddr gmoS>mdrM bmJVo. ZddrV amhZ
Xhmdr H$aVm `oV Zmhr.
`mMmUo Amn`mbm 3 Q>Ho$ bmoH$m`m mJmM AZwH$aU
H$aU Amd`H$ Amho.
boIH$ VoaUm hm{dmb` CmZm~mX `oWo Agmo{gEQ>
moo$ga VWm {hXr {d^mJ_wI AmhoV.

AWnyU
gQ>|~a
2011

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