Nhng c im ca Chitin, Chitosan v dn xut

1. Cu trc ha hc ca chitin Chitin l polisaccarit mch thng, c th xem nh l dn xut ca xenluloz, trong nhm (-OH) nguyn t C(2) c thay th bng nhm axetyl amino (-NHCOCH3) (cu trc I). Nh vy chitin l poli (N-axety-2amino-2-deoxi-b-D-glucopyranoz) lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt b-(C-1-4) glicozit. Trong cc mt xch ca chitin cng c nh s nh ca glucoz:

2. Cu trc ho hc ca chitosan v mt vi dn xut. Chitosan l dn xut axetyl ho ca chitin, trong nhm (NH2) thay th nhm (-COCH3) v tr C(2). Chitosan c cu to t cc mt xch D-glucozamin lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt b-(1-4)-glicozit, do vy chitosan c th gi l poly b-(1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxi-D-glucoz hoc l poly b-(1-4)-D- glucozamin (cu trc III).

Di y l cng thc cu to ca cc dn xut:

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3. Tnh cht vt l ca chitin/chitosan. Chng ti nghin cu v trng thi, mu sc, mi v, tnh tan ca chitin/chitosan trong nc v trong mt vi dung mi khc nh: axit, baz hoc trong cc dung mi hu c.

4. Tnh cht ho hc ca chitin/chitosan. - Trong phn t chitin/chitosan c cha cc nhm chc -OH, -NHCOCH3 trong cc mt xch N-axetyl-Dglucozamin v nhm OH, nhm -NH2 trong cc mt xch D-glucozamin c ngha chng va l ancol va l amin, va l amit. Phn ng ho hc c th xy ra v tr nhm chc to ra dn xut th O-, dn xut th N-, hoc dn xut th O-, N. - Mt khc chitin/chitosan l nhng polime m cc monome c ni vi nhau bi cc lin kt b-(1-4)glicozit; cc lin kt ny rt d b ct t bi cc cht ho hc nh: axit, baz, tc nhn oxy-ha v cc enzim thu phn 4.1.Cc phn ng ca nhm -OH -Dn xut sunfat. -Dn xut O-axyl cu chitin/chitosan. -Dn xut Otosyl ho chitin/chitosan. 4.2. Phn ng v tr N.

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-Phn ng N-axetyl ho chitosan. -Dn xut N-sunfat chitosan. -Dn xut N-glycochitosan (N-hidrroxy-etylchitosan). -Dn xut acroleylen chitossan. -Dn xut acroleylchitosan 4.3. Phn ng xy ra ti v tr O, N. -Dn xut O,Ncacboxymetylchitosan. -Dn xut N,O-cacboxychitosan. -Phn ng ct t lin kt -(1-4) glicozit 5. Kh nng hp ph to phc vi cc ion kim loi chuyn tip ca chitin/chitosan v mt vi dn xut. - Trong phn t chitin/chitosan v mt s dn xut ca chitin c cha cc nhm chc m trong cc nguyn t Oxi v Nit ca nhm chc cn cp electron cha s dng, do chng c kh nng to phc, phi tr vi hu ht cc kim loi nng v cc kim loi chuyn tip nh: Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+,Ni2+,Co2+.... Tu nhm chc trn mch polime m thnh phn v cu trc ca phc khc nhau. - V d: vi phc Ni(II) vi chitin c cu trc bt din vi s phi tr bng 6, cn phc Ni(II) vi chitosan c cu trc t din vi s phi tr bng 4.

trong

l mng polime.

6. Mt s ng dng ca chitin /chitosan v cc dn xut.

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- Chitin/chitosan v cc dn xut ca chng c nhiu c tnh qu bu nh: c hot tnh khng nm, khng khun, c kh nng t phn hu sinh hc cao, khng gy d ng, khng gy c hi cho ngi v gia sc, c kh nng to phc vi mt s kim loi chuyn tip nh: Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II)... Do vy chitin v mt s dn xut ca chng c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc: Trong lnh vc x l nc thi v bo v mi trng, dc hc v y hc, nng nghip, cng nghip, cng ngh sinh hc - Cc polisaccarit t nhin m in hnh l chitosan, nhn c bng cch axetyl mt phn ca chitin. Chitosan v cc dn xut vi c im c cu trc c bit vi cc nhm amin trong mng li phn t c kh nng hp ph to phc vi kim loi chuyn tip nh: Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) trong mi trng nc. V vy, vic nghin cu nhng c im v tnh cht ha hc, kh nng hp ph kim loi ang l vn c cc nh khoa hc quan tm, v tng bc c p dng vo gii quyt vn nhim mi trng trn Tri t V Cng Phong (Su tm v bin son) hoahocvietnam.com

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