:

Integrated Water Resource Management: Concept, Critical and Research Questions

Integrated Water Resource Management
IWRM 200


35




:

Abstract
The article presents a review of the critique of knowledge and knowledge gaps related to
integrated water resources management. The review found that during the 200 years ago,
knowledge on water management has been changed in meaning and practice by socioeconomic and politic context of each society. Nowadays the different definitions on
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) are still competing. Furthermore, the
meaning of integration in water resource management, there are 35 multiplicity of
meanings. In Thailand, the IWRM has been driven by external organizations such as the
World Bank, ADB. But it still can not create change in water resouce management and
institution. Regrading on institutional reform in water resource management, The review
pointed out that it must be internal process and emerging in Thai context itself. In the end, the
article identifies the knowledge gaps that still need research for change.
Key word : integrated water resource management, watershed management, water resource
management, water management institution reform

: (. )


Integrated Water Resource Management IWRM


1.
() 2
5 Allan (2003)

1 200
(demand oriented)
(supply oriented)
multi-functional adaptive framework (Jeffrey and Geary, 2004 p.2)
(holistic) (integrated)

 (Wallace et al., 2003) IWRM

( 1
100 )



2. :
2002 Johannesburg,
(the Technical Advisory Committee of Global Water Partnership ; GWP-TAC)
IWRM


(GWP-TAC,
2000)
IWRM
UN Mar del Plata 1977 incorporate the
multiple competing and conflicting uses of water resources
10 1992
International Conference on Water and Environment Dublin
IWRM
IWRM Global Water Partnership (GWP)
The World Water Council (WWC),
Global Water Partnership (GWP), the World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB)


the only sustainable solution (Durham et al., 2002, p333)
IWRM GWP
(European Commission, 2006)
IWRM

IWRM (Biswas ,2004 Biswas et al.,
2005)1 Allan (2003) Gyawali (2003) IWRM

Jonker (2002 p.719) IWRM

(complex and complicated)
IWRM

Jonker sustainable development IWRM (meso-level)
(micro level)
IWRM Jonker managing peoples activities in a manner that
promotes sustainable development (improving livelihoods without disrupting the water cycle)
IWRM GWP
IWRM

Grigg (1999)
Pahl-Wostl et al (2004)
European Commission (2006)
(neo-liberal democracy)
1

 IWRM
adaptive management
Grigg (1999)

IWRM IWRM
Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management (IWRPM), Integrated Catchment Management
(ICM), Integrated Watershed Management (IWM) Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM)
ICM, IRBM IWM
IWRM (Tim Jones et al, 2006 Jnch-Clausen and Fugl, 2001) IWRM

Tiffen and Gichuki (2000)
catchment watershed 2
Bruneau, R. (2005)

? Biswas (2004)
IWRM 35
IWRM



IWRM (Odendaal, 2002)


IWRM GWP
?
IWRM IWRM
?
?
IWRM ?

European Commission (2006)

IWRM EU 1994-2006 67
EU 4 EU

(Constructively
Engage Integrated Water Resources Allocation and Management)
( )

Constructive
engagement) Allan (2003)
IWRM integrated water resources allocation and management
(IWRAM) (integration) (management)
(political)

 2 - - -

- -
(political process)

: European Commission (2006) p.2

3. IWRM

3
river-basin catchment watershed



1)

20


(Heathcote,1998)



Vernooy (1999)
(social construction of watershed)
Richard Bruneau (2005) IDRC (Canada)



multi-scale
(scale)
Lovelace and Rambo (1991:81)

...

2)


(Jewitt

2002; Matondo 2002)

10



(Biswas 2004)
2


Manfred Pope (2004 p.73)
4

(spatial or territorial orientation)






/
ecosystem base management
Eco-hydrology and
Phytotechnology UNESCO UNEP 2004



Bruce L. Rhoads et al (1999) John Gutrich et al (2005)
David Brunckhorst, Phillip Coop, Ian Reeve (2006)
- (Ecoo-civic)
IWRM
IWRM
(political agenda) (Muhammad Misanur Rahaman and Olli Varis, 2005 ; Claudia Pahl-Wostl
and Jan Sendzimir , 2005)

( )
IWRM
IWRM

IWRM (1) (2)
(3) (Jeffrey and Geary,
2004)
IWRM




(holistic approach) IWRM

10

(Grigg. 1999; Jeffrey and Geary, 2004)

(post-modernism)

predict and prepare adaptive
management

IWRM
IWRM 1



multidisciplinary
(scientific)
(scientism)
(science)

3. / / /
inclusive and participatory


(Bruns and Meinzen-Dick
1997; Van der Lee 2002)

(Duda and El-Ashry 2000)

11

Murray-Darling Basin (Blackmore
1995)


( )

Cooke and Kotharis (2001)

(new tyranny of participation)



(Van der Lee 2002; Jane Adams et al 2005)
(Montree Chantawong 2002)
(civil society involvement)
ADB
(multi-stakeholder consultation)
(Participatory irrigation management)

(ASPL)

12



(goals)












(territory) (
, 2005)


(Fiona Miller and
Phillip Hirsch, 2003 p.8)


ADB

13

(Bakker 2003)

(misconceptions)
(McIntosh and Yniguez 2002 ; Budds and
McGranahan 2003)
(Walker and Walker 2000)

(Walker and Walker 2000)
4. IWRM
IWRM river basin
management, water demand management ecosystem approach IWRM
river basin management
IWRM (Jnch-Clausen, T.
and Fugl, J., 2001) IWRM IWRM

IWRM IWRM
GWP IWRM 2004 GWP
10 (GWP-TAC 2004, TAC Background Paper 10)
IWRM
3
1)

14

2) Institutional Framework
3) management instruments Institutions

2001-2004 GWP (Tool Box) IWRM 17
(theme) 3
IWRM (Heidi Christiansen Barlebo, 2006)
NeWater Project Heidi Christiansen Barlebo (2006)
3

1 / ( meso level)
2 ()
3 ()


John Cobourn (2001)
4 C
communication, cooperation, coordination and collaboration

2 GWP
2

GWP (GWP TAC 2003)

15



(Wallace, J.S., Acreman, M.C. and Sullivan, C.A., 2003)

IWRM
IWRM



White (1998)



IWRM
GWP
IWRM
IWRM 2 (Bandaragoda D.J., 2006 a)
( )
(IWMI) (1) non-availability of reliable data related to
extraction of water from river basins, (2) inadequate planning, (3) absence of well-defined water rights,
and (4) (Bandaragoda D.J., 2006 a
p.13)

18 2549 IWRM

,

16


(donor-driven institutional change)



(Bandaragoda D.J., 2006 b p.19)


(institutional adaptation) (Bandaragoda D.J., 2006 b p.14)
5.
IWRM ,
IWRM


IWRM
IWRM
EU Water framework Directive
(GWP-TAC 2000)
IWRM
Johannesberg 2005 108 IWRM

17

 1 Johannesbergs IWRM 2005

45
6
41
5

Africa
Asia and the
Pacific
Latin America
22
3
Total
108
14
nd
: 2 World Water Development Report, 2006 57

17
20

22
16

14
51

5
43

IWRM Jeffrey and Geary (2004)

IWRM UNEP (IWA/UNEP,
2002) IWRM



(Institutional arrangement)
( Bandaragoda D.J., (
2006 b))
(institutional adaptation)
IWRM IRBM

1)

2) /
/

18

3) ( )

4) (scale-up)
( )
top-down ( )
5)
6)

1) platform -
2) - (
)
3) -
4) -

5)
6) -

/ /
1)
2) ecosystem public
3)
4)
( )

19


1) (the lowest appropriate level)

2) /
/
3) (
)



IWRM

(Donor driven)

20


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