POWER PLANT CYCLES

BESIC EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR CYCLE

o Boiler o Steam Turbine o Condenser o Feed Pump

FLOW DIAGRAM

TYPE OF
CYCLES
o Carnot Cycle o Rankine Cycle

Reheat Type Regenerative Type Reheat & Regenerative Type

CARNOT CYCLE

1 to 2: Isentropic expansion 2 to 3: Isothermal heat rejection 3 to 4: Isentropic compression 4 to 1: Isothermal heat supply

RANKINE
CYCLE 1 to 2: Isentropic

compression (Pump)
2 to 3': Isobaric heat

supply (Steam Generator or Boiler)

3 to 4': Isentropic

expansion (Steam turbine)

4 to 1: Isobaric heat

rejection (Condenser)

RANKINE CYCLE EFFICIENCY

The efficiency of the Rankine cycle is: = W/Q1 Where W is the net work output of the cycle is: = W1 W2

W1 is the work output during isentropic expansion of steam in the turbine : = m (h1 h2) W2 is the work input during isentropic compression of working fluid in the pump: = m (h4 h3)
Where Q1 heat supplied to the cycle (steam generator or boiler)

Q1 = m (h1-h4)
Q2 heat rejected from the cycle (condenser)

REHEAT TYPE RANKINE CYCLE

REGENERATIVE TYPE RANKINE CYCLE

REHEAT & REGENERATIVE TYPE

COMPARISON OF CARNOT & RANKINE CYCLE

There are two reasons for why Carnot cycle is not used in power plant
As shown in the fig , the compression takes place between 3-4 , which is in liquid vapor region . It is difficult for a compressor or a pump to work with two phase mixture.

If the cycle cross the saturation vapor line i.e. enters to the superheated region as in the fig 2 then the problem arises to keep the temperature constant between state 1'- 1. Because it is in the superheated region . Moreover pressure is also dropping . So it is impossible to add heat and keep the temperature constant at the same time

PERPOSE OF USING CONDENSER To re circulate the water & condensate

Mass flow rate required for generating power in MW is less

THANK YOU