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Market Segmentation, Tar Getting and Positioning
Market Segmentation, Tar Getting and Positioning
Market Segmentation, Tar Getting and Positioning
Types of Segmentation
Geographic Segmentation
Region City Rural Semi-Urban
Demographic Segmentation
Age Family Size Gender Income Occupation Education
Psychographic Segmentation
Socio-economic Classification Life Style(Culture-Oriented, Sports oriented, Indoor Oriented) Personality(Compulsive, Gregarious, Authoritarian, Ambitious)
Behavioral Segmentation
Occasions (Regular, Special) Benefits(Quality, Service, Economy, Speed) User Status(Non-user, Ex-user, Potential User, First time User, Regular User) Usage Rate(Light, Medium, Heavy User) Loyalty Status(Hard Core, Split ,Shifting and Switchers) Readiness Stage (Unaware, aware, interested, desirous, Intending to buy) Attitude towards the product(Enthusiastic, Positive, Indifferent, Hostile, Negative)
TARGETTING
After evaluating different segments, the company can consider 5 patterns of target market selection.
SINGLE SEGMENT CONCENTRATION o A firm that has only one product and caters to a particular market segment. o Benefits of specialization but risks of higher competition. o Eg-RCC,ZODIAC
SELECTIVE SPECIALIZATION o A firm selects a no. of segments, each objectively attractive and appropriate. o This multi segment strategy has an advantage of diversifying the firms risk. o Eg-P&G
PRODUCT SPECIALIZATION o A firm makes a certain product that it sells to different market segments o Eg-Microscope MARKET SPECIALIZATION o The firm concentrates on serving many needs of a particular customer group o Eg-University Laboratories, Adult foods
FULL MARKET COVERAGE o The firm attempts to serve all customer groups with all the products they might need. o EG-Microsoft, General Motors, Coca-Cola o It can be done in 2 ways1.Undifferentiated Marketing The firm ignores segment difference and goes after the whole market with one offer. Mass distribution and advertising 2.Differentiated Marketing The firm operates in several market segments and designs different products for each. IT creates more sales than the former and it is costly to do the business
POSITIONING
Positioning is the act of designing the company's offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the target market. Positioning requires the similarities and differences between brand to be defined and communicated. For this, the firm has to identify the Frame of Reference, Point of Parity and Point .of Difference.
FRAME OF REFERENCE ----The target market that could be selected due to its potential and give the firm a better competitive advantage POINTS OF DIFFERENCE ----Attributes or benefits that consumers strongly associate with a brand and believe they cannot find it with another brand. Eg-Apple(innovation and Performance) POINTS OF PARITY ----The attributes that are not necessarily unique to the brand and could be shared by other brands. Eg-Raymond, Reid & Taylor
CATEGORY MEMBERSHIP
The products or set of products with which a brand competes and which function as close substitutes. Target consumers may know that their brand is a leading firm, but Category membership should be informed. There are situations where a consumer knows the brands category membership but not convinced. Eg-Samsung
A perceptual map is a means of displaying or graphing in two dimensions the location of products or brands in the minds of consumers to enable a manager to see how consumers perceive competing products or brands relative to its own and then take marketing actions.
PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
Product differentiation is a strategy that involves a firms using different marketing mix activities to help consumers perceive the product as being different and better than competing products.
Channel Differentiation
Design effectively-distribution channels coverage, expertise and performance. Eg-Eureka Forbes:-direct-to-home delivery
Image Differentiation
Craft powerful, compelling Images Eg-Park Avenue, Marlboro etc.