Professional Documents
Culture Documents
E Business
E Business
Agenda
E-business and e-commerce E-business concepts and dimensions Types of e-business Evolution of e-business Stakeholders and major players E-business framework
It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change
Charles Darwin
If youre not changing faster than your environment, you are falling behind
Jack Welsh, CEO of GE
A formula to remember
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Business Idea
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Innovative Software Platform
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Professional What You Need Is Customization What You Get
E-Business
E-Business
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E-Company
E-Company Backoffice Business Intelligence Tools Affiliate Programs Business events administration
E-Customers
Innovative CRM approach Personalized advertising Personalized promotion Personalized Business Offer
E-Business Core
Website Management Content Management Business integration Value-Added Services Management
E-Commerce
Personalized E-Store Interactive Service Desk Online Inventory Orders Management Shipments Management Online Payments
E-Community
Community Management Personal Space of Your Customer Advanced Means of Communication (Chats, Forums, Blogs, Instant Messengers) Value-Added Services Customized online activities
E-Business concepts
E-business defined from the following perspectives: Communications: delivery of goods, services, information, or payments over computer networks or any other electronic means Commercial (trading): provides capability of buying and selling products, services, and information on the Internet and via other online services
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Dimensions of e-business/e-commerce
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Dimensions of e-business/e-commerce
Pure vs. Partial: based on the degree of digitization of: - Product - Process - Delivery agent Traditional commerce: all dimensions are physical Pure e-business: all dimensions are digital Partial e-business: all other possibilities include a mix of digital and physical dimensions
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Types of e-business
Business-to-business (B2B)
Business that sells products or provides services to other businesses
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Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Business that sells products or provides services to end-user consumers
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Consumers sell directly to other consumers
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Business-to-employee (B2E)
Information and services made available to employees online
Evolution of e-business
How it started
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) - electronically transfer routine documents (application enlarged pool of participating companies to include manufacturers, retailers, services) 1970s: innovations like electronic funds transfer (EFT) - funds routed electronically from one organization to another (limited to large corporations) 1990s: the Internet commercialized and users flocked to participate in the form of dot-coms, or Internet start-ups
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Levels of e-maturity
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Innovate Business development Integrate Order processing Interact Order taking Informate Where do you Brochure-ware want to
Be and Go.
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Stakeholders
E-Business relationships are formed with the following types of stakeholders:
Internal stakeholders: Management and staff Suppliers and manufactures Customers Intermediaries Financial institutions Web service providers Associations Web communities Etc.
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Major Players
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E-business framework
E-Business does not affect an organizations fundamental goals, rather it provides a new ways to achieve them:
E-business adoption strategy and direction Vision must be communicated to all stakeholders The interaction among stakeholders Smaller network, more flexible organizations, shifting priorities and roles
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Information system and technology infrastructure Mechanism to improve, enrich, change, and deepen relationships with key stakeholders Culture Need to adapt the new way, will impact on rules, belief, norms, and behaviours
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E-Commerce Styles
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Figure 14.1
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What is Architecture?
By definition: The architecture of a system describes its components, and the relationships.
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Figure 14.2
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The components vary but usually include: Client PC connected to Internet through ISP with a web browser Vendor a merchant or intermediary who provides the catalogue Transaction system; shopping basket, etc Payment gateway
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6) Network Infrastructure
E-commerce framework is being built on the WWW architecture. Wireline - coaxial, fiber optic Wireless
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5) Middleware Services
needed to solve all the interface, translation, transformation, and interpretation problems the ultimate mediator between diverse software programs that enables them talk to one another As computing is shifting from application centric to data centric, middleware services should focus on:
transparency transaction security and management - authentication and authorization distributed object management and services. Objects are defined as the combination of data and instructions acting on the data.
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They offer solutions for communicating nonformatted (unstructured) data, letters, memos, reports, as well as formatted (structured) data such as invoices, PO. With messaging tools, people can communicate and work together more effectively, no matter where they are located.
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In e-commerce the client is defined as the requestor of a service and a server is the provider of the service
Browser is the client and the customer, the computer that sends the HTML files is the server The server can also be a computer program that provides services to other computer programs
A web server is the computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
Uses client/server model and http(hypertext transfer protocol) Every computer on the internet that contains a web site must have a web server program.
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Two-Tier Architectures
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The user system interface is usually located in the users desktop environment and the DBM services are usually in a server that is a more powerful machine that services many clients.
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Two-Tier Architectures
It runs the client processes separately from the server processes, usually on a different computer:
The client processes provide an interface for the customer, and gather and present data usually on the customers computer. This part of the application is the presentation layer The server processes provide an interface with the data store of the business. This part of the application is the data layer The business logic that validates data, monitors security and permissions, and performs other business rules can be housed on either the client or the server, or split between the two.
Fundamental units of work required to complete the business process Business rules can be automated by an application program.
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Two-Tier Architectures
Typically used in e-commerce
Internet retrieval, desicion support
Used in distributed computing when there are fewer than 100 people simultaneously interacting on a LAN. Implementation of processing management services using vendor proprietary db procedures restricts flexibility and choice of RDBMS for applications. Also lacks flexibility in moving program functionality from one server to another.
Three-Tier Architectures
Also called as multi-tier architecture A middle tier is added between the client environment and the DBM server environment Variety of ways to implement:
Transaction processing (TP) monitors Message servers Application servers
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Web client
Web server
Database server
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Client connects to TP instead of the DB server The transaction is accepted by the monitor which queues it and takes responsibility to complete it by freeing up the client When a third part provides this service it is called TP heavy When it is embeded in the DBMS, it can be considered 2-tier and is referred to as TP lite
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More scalable than a 2-tier architecture Most suitable for e-commerce with many thousands of users
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Message server connects to the RDBMS and other data sources The message server focuses on intelligent messages, whereas the TP environment has the intelligence in the monitor and treats transactions as dumb data packets They are sound business solutions for the wireless infrastructures of m-commerce.
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Three-Tier Architectures with an Object Request Broker Standard interoperability and object request broker Need for improving
(ORB) standards in the client/ server model. ORB support in a network of clients and servers on different computers means
A client program (object) can request services from a server program Object without having to understand where the server is in a distributed network or what the interface to the server program looks like
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ORB is the programming that acts as the mediary or as a broker between a client request for a service from a distributed object or component and server completion of that request.
Three-Tier Architectures with an Object Request Broker Standard There are two prominent distributed object
technologies:
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) Component Object Model (COM)
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The Relationship Between Ecommerce and Web Database Constructionsand constantly evolving, supported by E-commerce is dynamic
technologies that are constantly changing Database storage is the oldest technology and currently used by e-commerce Business can implement
New sales and marketing channels Customer support Exchange of documents with other businesses
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Transact over the internet using web interfaces to interact with back-end relational databases
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E-Commerce Architecture I
Request HTTP Response Internet Explore Netscape Microsoft IIS Apache Web Server IBM HTTP Server
Browser
Web Server
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E-Commerce Architecture II
Browser
Web Server
Middle Ware
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E-Commerce Architecture II
Browser
Java Servlet/JSP JDBC JavaBeans RMI/CORBA J2EE/EJB Oracle9i DB2 mySQL Web Server
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E-Commerce Architecture II
Browser
Application Server --Sun one Application Server --BEA Weblogic --IBM WebSphere -- JBoss Oracle8i DB2 mySQL Middle Ware JDBC Driver Web Server
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DMS
Client
Web Server
Application Server
Database Server
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Summary
Java Technologies for E-Commerce Application: Servlets, JSP, JDBC Java Technologies for Enterprise Application: RMI, EJB
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Merchant Server
Internet
$$ Financial network
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Internet
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Internet
$$ Fulfilment network
$$ Financial network
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You need
R and R
Relationships Repeat business