Bangla 5

MYcRvZx evsjv`ki RvZxq cZvKv
MYcRvZx evsjv`ki RvZxq cZvKvq Nb meyR iOi Ici D`xqgvb m~hi iOi GKwU jvj e _vKe|
cZvKv wbgvYi wbqgvewj
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feb eenvii Rb
(febi AvKvi I AvqZb Abyhvqx) 305 m. wg. x 183 m. wg. (10' x 6') 152 m. wg. x 91 m. wg. (5' x 3') 76 m. wg. x 46 m. wg. (22' x 12') Avgvi evsjv eB 1
1 1
RvZxq msMxZ
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- iex`bv_ VvKzi
MvIqvi Rb RvZxq msMxZi c~YcvV

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RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW KZK 2006 wkveQi _K cg kYxi cvVcyZKi~c wbavwiZ
Avgvi evsjv eB
cg fvM
msKjb I iPbv gbmyi gymv kwdDj Avjg W. gvneyeyj nK Rmxg Dxb Avng`
mcv`bvq cdmi Kwei Dwb Avng` gRyg`vi
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW, XvKv

Avgvi evsjv eB 3
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW

69-70, gwZwSj evwYwRK GjvKv, XvKv-1000 KZK cKvwkZ| (cKvkK KZK me^Z msiwZ)
cixvg~jK msiY
c_g gy`Y : Avei, 2005 cybgy`Y : mî, 2009
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RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW
meRbxb cv_wgK wkv Kgm~wPi AvIZvq miKvi KZK webvg~j weZiYi Rb| gy`Y :
Avgvi evsjv eB 4
f~wgKv
cv_wgK wkvi YMZ gvb Dbqbi j cv_wgK wkv Dbqb cK (2q chvq) Ges RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW, XvKv GKwU weZZ KgcwiKbv MnY Ki| G cwiKbv Abyhvqx cv_wgK Zii wkvg, cvVcyZK I wkLb mvgMxi g~jvqb I cwigvRb Kiv nq Ges wewfb welqi bZzb cvVcyZK I Abvb cVb-cvVb mvgMx cYqb Kiv nq| cv_wgK Zii wkvg 5g kYxi evsjv welqi Rb wPwZ kYxwfwK ARbvchvMx hvMZvi wfwZ RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW, XvKv KZK wbevwPZ Ges MYcRvZx evsjv`k miKvii cv_wgK I MYwkv gYvjq KZK Abygvw`Z jLKMY cg kYxi Rb Avgvi evsjv eB cvVcyZK iPbv Kib| RvZxq Kgkvjvi gvag kYx wkK, wkK cwkK, welq wekl I wkvg weklMYi mnvqZvq eBwUi hwK g~jvqb mcb Kiv nq| evsjv Avgvì gvZfvlv, iv fvlv Ges wkvi gvag| cv_wgK i wkì Rb gvZfvlvq `Zv ARb Acwinvh| evsjv fvlv kLvi wkv_xiv fvlv kLvi PviwU `Zv kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv hb mgvbfve ARb KiZ cvi, m Rb Zvì eqm, gav I MnYhvMZv weePbv Ki evsjvfvlvq kYxwfwK ARbvchvMx hvMZvjv cybtwbavwiZ nqQ| G hvMZvjv hb wkv_xiv Avq KiZ cvi mw`K j iL cg kYxi evsjv eBwU iPbv Kiv nqQ| wkLb wkv_xì AvMn mw I cvV mnR Kivi Rb RxebwfwK I mgKvjxb Pvwn`v DchvMx cvVvsk wbevPb I msMwZc~Y Qwe mshvRb Kiv nqQ avivevwnK Abykxjb I g~jvqbi gvag fvlv kLvi `Zvjv wkv_xiv cyivcywi ARb KiZ cvij wKbv, Zv hvPvBqi Rb cvVkl Abykxjb iqQ| G cvVcyZK evsjv GKvWgx Ges GbwmwUwe-Gi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY Kiv nqQ| Dfq cwZvbi evbvb ixwZ GKB| Ze hyvi mijxKiY mcwKZ GbwmwUwei evbvb ixwZB cvVcyZK AbymZ nqQ| wkvg Dbqb GKwU avivevwnK cwqv| ZvB, cvVeBqi Dbqbi Rb fwelZ G cwqv AevnZ _vKe| mswk eweMi mhZ cqvm I mZKZv mI cyZKwUZ wKQy ywUwePywZ _K hZ cvi| cieZx msiY cvVcyZKwU ywUgy Kivi Pv AevnZ _vKe| G eBwU iPbv, mcv`bv I g~jvqbmn cKvkbvi wewfb chvq huviv mnvqZv KiQb Zuvì mevBK RvbvB AvwiK KZZv I abev`| hvì Rb eBwU cYxZ nqQ, Zviv DcKZ nj Avgvì mKj cqvm mdj ne ej Avwg gb Kwi|
cdmi gvt gvvd KvgvjDwb

Pqvigvb RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW, XvKv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 5
m~wPc
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Avgvì GB `k Avlvp `yLy Avi myLy msK we`vq nR kLi grwk K? `Z I Rj Kzgov I cvwLi K_v Zzjbv Avgiv Zuvì fyje bv exik knx` gvdv Kvgvj GZ nvwm Kv_vq cj Mvbi `k cvYi Djvm Avh cv_ii K_v wkvii ghv`v Rjcix I KvVyii M Pvlx knx` wZZzgxi hvMvhvMi mKvj GKvj gnvvbMo GKw`b cvwL gvbyli ez MvQcvjv RvbvwKiv gRjyg RbbZv gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx `ki Rb cvwYRMr GK weq mevi Avwg Qv mvBKvb Acv
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1 8 12 20 24 29 35 38 44 50 54 62 69 72 77 81 85 89 92 96 104 109 112 119 123 129 132 139 144 147
Avgvi evsjv eB 6
Avgvì GB `k
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Avgvi evsjv eB 1
evsjv`ki ivRavbx XvKv GKwU wekvj kni| mviv`k QvUeo AbK kni iqQ| Gme knii DuPz DuPz `vjvb-KvVv BU-KvV Avi cv_i w`q Zwi| knii wcP I wmgU Zwi ivvjv ek PIov| cvKv ivv w`q evm, UvK, wiKkv, AUvwiKkv, mvBKj BZvw` hvbevnb PjvPj Ki| ivvi cvki dzUcvZ w`q PjvPj Ki c_Pvix| knii gvbyl wewP iKgi KvR e _vK| KD AwdmAv`vjZ KvR Ki, KD Ki eemv-evwYR| kwgKiv KvR Ki KjKviLvbvq| G QvovI bvbv ckvi gvbyl RxweKvi Rb kni Gm wfo Ki| eovbvi Rb kni iqQ cvK I D`vb| Aemi mgq knii jvKRb MvQcvjv I dzj dzj mvRvbv cvK eovZ hvq| QywUi w`b KD hvq Rv`yNi, KD hvq wPwoqvLvbvq| wPwoqvLvbvq iqQ cw_exi bvbv `ki wewP RxeRy| knii evBi GjB Mvg| Qvqv-XvKv, cvwL-WvKv GB Mvgjvi cvk w`q eq MQ b`x| b`xi Zxi Zxi Mo DVQ KZ Rbc`| Gme Rbc` gvbyl Ni euaQ, Mo ZzjQ Mvg-M I nvU-evRvi| Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj I euvkebi wbweo Qvqvq Niv evsjv`ki GK GKwU Mvg| Gme Mvgi evwoNi knii `vjvb-KvVvi
Avgvi evsjv eB 2
gZv BU, KvV, cv_i Zwi bq| GLvb euvk I KvV w`q Zwi nq Nii KvVvgv| Nii Pvj QvIqv nq Qb, Lo, MvjcvZv I nvMjvcvZv w`q| euvki PuvPvwo, cvUKvwV ev gvwU w`q Zwi nq Pvicvki `qvj| Nivwgiv Qb I Lo w`q Qq hme `vPvjv I PPvjv Ni evbvq, mme `LZ fvwi myì| euvki PuvPvwo, eZ I kxZjcvwU w`q Zviv `qvj I Pvji fZi w`KUv mvwRq Zvj| cvq me evwoZ _vK ivbvNi| Mvg wUb w`qI evwoNi Zwi Kiv nq| evsjv`ki eyKi Ici w`q eq MQ KZ b`x| b`xi m ZvB G `ki gvbyli Mfxi wgZvwj| cv, gNbv, hgybv I ecy G `ki eo b`x| QvU QvU b`xI iqQ AbK; Gì bvgI fvwi wgw : wZv, KiZvqv, BQvgwZ, MovB, gnvb`v, ajkix, kxZjv, myigv, KYdzwj, mvs, gvZvgywi BZvw`| Gme b`xZ Pj bvbv iKg bKv| bKvjvi bvgI KZ PgrKvi : Kvlv, wWwO, wQc, evjvg, eRiv, cvbwm, cvZvg, mvcvb I gqicwL| b`xi euvK euvK Rjì Mvg| bKv Avi Rvj wbq mvivw`b Zviv b`xi eyK fm eovq Avi gvQ ai| cv-gNbvq aiv co SuvK SuvK iycvwj Bwjk| G `ki mvMi, b`x, Lvj Avi wej cvIqv hvq bvbv iKgi gvQ| mvMii gvQi ga iqQ icPuv`v, Kvivj, jvv, jBUv, Qywi I dvBmv gvQ| b`x Avi Lvj-wej cvIqv hvq iyB, KvZjv, gMj, fUwK, fvOb, wPZj, evqvj, kvj, K, gvi, wks, cve`v, cuywU I AviI bvbv RvZi gvQ| fvZ Avi gvQ Avgvì wcq Lvevi| GRbB Avgiv ewj, gvQfvZ evOvwj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 3
Avgvì `ki AwaKvsk RvqMv Ryo iqQ meyR Mvg Avi w`MweZ dmji gvV| gvV gvV ivLvjiv Miy Pivq| NyNy-WvKv Ajm `ycyi KLbI Zviv eUi Qvqvq MvgQv cZ Nygvq, KLbI Avevi euvwk evRvq| G `ki KlKi gb G `ki big gvwUi gZvB Kvgj| Zviv Lye cwikgx| fvi bv nZB jvOj Rvqvj Kuva KlKiv gvV hvq| iv` cyo, ewZ wfR Zviv dmj djvq| cvKv avbi mvbvwj is `L KlKi gyL nvwm dvU| G `ki Dei gvwUZ dj KZ iKgi avb| Gì bvgI bZ fvjv jvM : cvBRvg, bvwRikvBj, Abjx, AvKvkgwY, KvUvwifvM, evjvg, weiyB, evmgwZ, cxivR, Kvkdzj, euvkdzj, wewb, kLgyLx, gvwbKkvfv, KvjwRiv, ev`kvfvM| ng bZzb avbi wgw M Avgvw`Z nq Pviw`K| ZLb bevb Drme gZ IV mevB| Ni Ni Avbì XD RvM| kxZKvj Rg wcVvcywji Drme| Avi KvRi Aemi Mvg Mvg Mvbi Avmi em| cvUK evsjv`ki mvbvwj Avuk ejv nq| elvq Pvicvk hLb cvwb _B_B Ki, ZLb KlKiv RvM Ìqv cvU avqv iy Ki| avqv cvUi mvbvwj Avuk iv` wSwjK w`q IV| KlKea ZLb fvwi e| euvki Avovq m cvU Kvq, iv` Qwoq `q AvuwUeuvav cvUKvwV| evsjv`ki gqiv Aemi mgq bvbv iKg kwLb wRwbm evbvq| cvUi Avuk wewfb iO ivwOq Zviv Zwi Ki myì myì bKwk wkKv| cyuwZdzji wkKvq cuywZ, wSbyKi evZvg I Kwo jvMvbv nq| iwOb myZv w`q gqiv Zwi Ki bKwk cvLv| myZvi eybb Kkj cvLvq dvU dzj, cvwL, MvQ I cvZvi bKkv| gqiv eZ w`q evb kxZjcvwU| iwOb eZi eybb Kkj kxZjcvwUZ dzwUq Zvjv nq cvwL, cvjwK, gmwR`, bKv, evN, nwiY I wewfb dzji bKkv| evsjvi gqiv KvRi Aemi myP I myZv w`q mjvB Ki bKwk Kuv_v| Kuv_vq _vK jZvcvZv, dzj, avbi Qov, Puv`, Zviv, cvwL, gvQ I bvbv iKgi Qwe| evsjv`ki Kvgvi-Kzgvi bvbv cqvRbxq wRwbm Zwi Ki| Kvgvi evbvq KwlKvRi hcvwZ Avi Kzgvi Mo gvwUi nuvwo, cvwZj I ZRmc| Zv Qvov
Avgvi evsjv eB 4
Kzgviiv gvwU w`q dzj, cvwL, cyZzj I cvovgvwUi djK Zwi Ki| Nii Kzjw I Ìqvj mvRvevi KvR eenvi Kiv nq cvovgvwUi djK| mvbviy, Kuvmviy, `wR, avcv, bvwcZ, QyZvi BZvw` ckvRxex gvbylI mgvR evm Ki| meyR kvgwjgvq Niv weZ mgZj fwg Qwoq AvQ evsjv`ki `q Ryo| Abw`K AvQ Nb meyR MvQ Niv cvnvwo wUjv| ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo, evìevb evm Ki wewfb z` RvwZmvi gvbyl| Gì ga cavb nj PvKgv, gyis, gvigv, jymvB, Mviv BZvw`| Giv cvnvo Ryg Pvl Ki| Avi emevmi Rb QvU QvU Ni euva wUjvq| Gì AvQ wbR^ mswZ| cvPxbKvj _KB evsjv`ki gvbyl Kvco evbvi Rb weLvZ| GKKvj G `k Zwi nZ gjevb gmwjb Kvco| ZuvwZiv GLbI ikwg, Rvg`vwb I mywZ Kvco evb| gmwjb, ikg, Zmi, Mi`, gyMv, gUKv, Rvg`vwb, UvvBj I evjyPwi G `ki weLvZ e| GB Avgvì `k Avi `ki gvbyl| Avgiv fvjvevwm GB `k, fvjvevwm GB `ki gvwU I gvbylK|
(1996 wkveli cg kYxi Avgvi eB _K MnxZ)
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ I eenvi Rb wbB
KjKvKwj gayi awb, cvwLi WvK| fviejv cvwLi KjKvKwj bZ fvjv jvM| Rv`yNi hLvb cyibv w`bi Avh wRwbmc c`kbi Rb msiY Kiv nq| mw`b Rv`yNi wMq bvbv wRwbm `L Avb` cqwQ| jvKvjq, hLvb gvbyl emevm Ki| GB b`xZxi GKKvj mg Rbc` wQj| w`Ki kl, ì _K `Lj hLvb AvKvk I cw_ex wgwjZ nqQ ej gb nq| ce w`M GLb gN RgQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 5
Rbc` w`M
Lo-cvZv w`q cvwbZ Pvcv Ìqv|-cvU KvUv nq MQ, GLb RvM Ìqvi cvjv| kwLb wejvmx, gbvig, hvZ kL gU|-Kwig PvPv Lye kwLb gvbyl| kvgwjgv kvg ev meyRvf is wekl| kvgwjgvq Niv Avgvì Mvg| Nivwg Loi Ni wbgvZv| Avgvì Mvg ewki fvM evwo Nivwg viv Zwi| RvwZmv RvwZic ev RvwZ-cwiPq| cvnvwo GjvKvq AbK z` RvwZmvi gvbyl evm Ki| mswZ Kw, culture | RvwZi cwiPq nq Zvi mswZZ| ZRmc evmb-Kvmb| evev Nii Rb wKQy ZRmc wKbQb| Kzjw gvwUi Nii `qvji QvU Lvc| KzjwZ Avqbv-wPiywb iqQ| DcPvi Dcv`vb| Dcnvii WvjvwU bvbv DcPvi mvRvbv| RvM
2. ckjvi Di wjwL
K) evsjv`ki knii GKwU eYbv wjwL| L) evsjv`ki kni I Mvg Kx Kx aibi evwoNi Zwi nq? M) b`xi m G `ki gvbyli Mfxi wgZvwj- G K_vwUi A_ Kx? N) b`x, Lvj-wej I mgy` cvIqv hvq Ggb `kwU gvQi bvg wjwL| O) Avgvì gvQ-fvZ evOvwj ejv nq Kb? P) KLb bevb Drme mevB gZ IV? G `ki KqK cKvi avbi bvg wjwL| Q) Avgvì `ki gqiv Aemi mgq Kx Kx wRwbm Zwi Ki? R) KqK iKg weLvZ Kvcoi bvg wjwL| S) evsjv`ki Kvgvi-Kzgviiv Kx Kx wRwbm Zwi Ki? T) KqKwU z` RvwZmvi bvg wjwL|
3. wbPi QK Abyhvqx G `ki bKv, avb, MvQ I Kvcoi bvgi ZvwjKv Zwi Kwi Ges mjv wjwL
bKv Kvlv
Avgvi evsjv eB 6
avb Abjx
gvQ icPuv`v
Kvco gmwjb
4. wbPi cyil I xevPK kjv wkwL

cyil Rj Kvgvi Kzgvi gvwj wfLvix Mvqvjv myì gqi KZv ei x Rjbx Kvgvibx Kzgvibx gvwjbx wfLvwibx Mvqvwjbx myìx gqix wMbx Kb
5. wbPi evK `ywU cwo

b`xi Zxi Zxi Mo DVQ KZ Rbc`| cvKv avbi mvbvwj is `L KlKi gyL nvwm dvU| Icii evK `ywUZ AbKjv k eeZ nqQ| evK eeZ cZKwU kB GK GKwU c`|
c` cuvP cKvi : wekl, weklY, mebvg, Aeq I wqv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 7
Avlvp
iex`bv_ VvKzi
bxj beNb AvlvpMMb wZj VuvB Avi bvwn i| IMv, AvR Zviv hvm b Nii evwni| ev`ji aviv Si SiSi, AvDki LZ Rj fifi, Kvwj-gvLv gN I cvi Avuavi NwbqQ `L& Pvwn i| IMv, AvR Zviv hvm b Nii evwni|| IB WvK kvbv aby NbNb, aejxi Avbv Mvnvj| GLwb Avuavi ne ejvUyKy cvnvj | `yqvi ùvovq IMv `L& `wL gvV MQ hviv Zviv wdwiQ wK? ivLvjevjK Kx Rvwb Kv_vq mviv w`b AvwR Lvqvj GLwb Avuavi ne ejvUzKz cvnvj| kvbv kvbv IB cvi hve ej K WvwKQ eywS gvwSi| Lqv-cvivcvi e nqQ AvwR i| cye nvIqv eq, Kj bB KD, `y Kj evwnqv DV co XD, ìì eM Rj cwo Rj QjQj DV evwR i| Lqv-cvivcvi e nqQ AvwR i| IMv, AvR Zviv hvm b Mv, Zviv hvm b Nii evwni| AvKvk Avuavi, ejv ewk Avi bvwn i| [mswcZ]
Avgvi evsjv eB 8
cvV wkwL
1. K| KweZvwUi gjfve Rb wbB
Avlvp fiv elvi gvm| G mgq AvKvk Kvjv gN XK hvq| mviv w`b Aweivg ew Si| avbi LZ Rj fi IV| c_ NvU cvweZ nq Awekv ewZ| Pvi w`K AKvi Nwbq Avm| G mgq evBi hvIqvi Dcvq _vK bv| KlK mvi AvMB Zvi MvfxwUK LyuR Avb, hviv evBi MQ Zviv wdi Gj wK bv LuvR Lei bq| KviY, mvi AvMB b`x cvivcvii Lqv e nq hve| Kwe G mgq, GB wPicwiwPZ NbNvi elvq mKjK evBi bv hZ Abyiva KiQb|
L| KweZvi gj evbvb AzzY ivLv nqQ| 2. kv_ Rb wbB I evK eenvi Kwi
beNb MMb bZzb gN| (Nb ki A_ gN|) Avlvpi beNb AvKvk Qq AvQ| AvKvk| ce MMb mh DVQ|
wZj VuvB wZj cwigvY RvqMv A_vr GZUzKz duvKv RvqMv| Rbmfvq GZ jvK nqQ hb wZj aviYi VuvB bB| ev`ji aviv ewi aviv| mKvj _K ev`ji aviv SiQ| aby aejx evPvmn Mvfx|mv nj, GLbI Mvnvj aby di wb| mv`v Mvfx| Avgvì cvlv MvfxwUi bvg aejx|
Mvnvj Miyi Ni, Mvqvj| Mvnvj Miy AvQ| cvnvj kl nj| ivZ cvnvj cvwL WvK| Lvqvj KvwUq w`j, kl Kij| Aenjv KiB mgqUv Lvqvj| Lqv eM bKv w`q b`x cvivcvi| cej ewZ Lqv cvivcvi e nq MQ| MwZZ, avivq| cej eM So iy nj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 9
3. ki wekl eenvi Rb wbB

SiSi Aweij avivq| Avlvpi ew SiSi SiQ| fifi cvq cwicY| b`xbvjv cvwbZ fifi nq AvQ| ìì cej eM| cP Mig kixi _K ìì Ki Nvg SiQ| QjQj Rjfiv| wkwU QjQj PvL ZvwKq AvQ| Icii SiSi, fifi, ìì, QjQj kjvi ga GK aibi awbi SsKvi `Lv hvq| G aibi kK evsjv evKiY abvK k ejv nq| G iKg AviI AbK k iqQ| hgb- kbkb, ebeb, SbSb, LbLb, KoKo, gogo BZvw`|
4. KweZvq eeZ kjv Rb wbB

wbPi kjv KweZvq wgj ivLvi Rb eeZ nqQ| hgbbvwn i Pvwn i AvwR i evwR i K. L. M. N. O. P. bB| Pq| AvRK| eR|
5. wbPi ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj I wjwL

Avlvp gvm AvKvk Kgb `Lv hvq? AvDki LZ Kxfve Rj fi hvq? KlK Kx Rb GZ DwM? MvfxwU GZ Nb Nb WvKQ Kb? ivLvj evjKi Rb GZ wPv Kb? Lqv cvivcvi e nIqvi KviY Kx?
6. Mvg evsjvi elv mcK cuvPwU evK wjwL 7. KweZvwU mwVK Q` Avew Kwi
Avgvi evsjv eB 10
8. Kwe cwiwPwZ
wekKwe iex`bv_ VvKyii Rb 1861 wLvi 7B g, 1268 evsjv mbi 25k ekvL| KjKvZvi RvovmuvKvi weLvZ VvKyi cwievi wZwb RbMnY Kib| 1913 wLv Gwkqv gnv`ki ga mvwnZ wZwbB c_g bvej cyivi cvb| wZwb wkì RbI AbK wjLQb| Avlvp KweZvwU Zuvi wYKv KveM _K bIqv nqQ| mvbvi Zix, wPv, Kbv, MxZvwj iex`bv_i weLvZ KveM| iKiex, WvKNi Zuvi weLvZ bvUK| wk I wk fvjvbv_ QvUì Rb jLv Zuvi KweZvi eB| iex`bv_ 1941 wLvi 7B AvM, 1348 evsjv mbi 22k kveY gZyeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 11
`yLy Avi myLy

GK wQj Pvwl| Zvi wQj `yB gq| eo gqi bvg `yLy Avi QvU gqi bvg myLy| `yLy nj kv Avi KvR cUy| myLy e`gRvwR Avi Avjm| GKw`b `yLy DVvb em PiKvq myZv KvUwQj| Ggb mgq nVvr Rvi evZvm DVj| evZvm `yLyi Zyjv Dwoq wbq Mj| `yLy QyUj wcQy wcQy| wKy Zyjvi bvMvj cj bv| m c_ em Kuv`Z iy Kij| ZLb evZvm wdmwdwmq Zvi Kvb Kvb ejj, Ku`v bv `yLy| Avgvi m Pj| hZ PvI ZZ Zyjv è ZvgvK| `yLy PvL gyQ evZvmi wcQy wcQy Pjj| c_ hZ hZ `yLy `L GK MvB| MvB ejj, `yLy gv, Avgvi MvqvjUv GKUy mvd Ki ` bv| `yLy Kyqv _K cvwb Gb SuvUv w`q ayq MvqvjUv ZKZK Ki mvd Kij| MvB Zv fvwi Lywk| `yLy _vgj evZvmI _g _vK| `yLy Pj Zv evZvmI Pj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 12
hZ hZ c_ KjvMvQi m `Lv| KjvMvQ `yLyK WvK| ej, `yLy i, AvMvQv Avi jZvcvZv AvgvK RvcU aiQ| Avwg KuyRv nq hvwQ| GKUy Qvwoq w`we gv? `yLy jZvcvZv AvMvQv mwiq w`j| KjvMvQ nuvd Qo euvPj| `yLy Avevi evZvmi wcQy wcQy QyUj| Gevi GKUv Nvov ZvK Abybq Kij, Kv_vq Pjj `yLy gv? jvMvg Avi wRbcvk Avgvi wcV KU emQ| Nvm Lve, Zv wbPy nZ cviwQ bv| Ijv GKUy Lyj w`we gv? `yLy ZLwb Zv Lyj w`j| M`M` nq Nvov ejj, eo DcKvi Kiwj gv, gb _vKe| Avevi evZvmi cQb cQb Pjv iy| PjZ PjZ evZvm GK RvqMvq Gm _vgj| Zvici ejj, `yLy, IB h cvmv` `LQ, ILvbB _vK Puvì gv eywo| Ii KvQ wMq Zyjv PvBe| hZ PvI ZZ Zyjv è m ZvgvK| GB ej evZvm Kv_vq hb wgwjq Mj| `yLy cvq cvq GwMq Pjj cvmvì w`K| Avk cvk Kv_vI Rbgvbei wP bB| fq KiZ jvMj `yLyi| Zey gb ej Gb cvmv` wMq XzKj| fxiy cvq G Ni I Ni Nyi GK mgq _gK ùvovj| mviv evwoZ wK KD bB? Ggb mgq nVvr GKUv Nii fZi hb Kvi mvov cvIqv Mj| GwMq wMq ìRvq UvKv w`j `yLy| fZi _K K hb ejj, Avq, fZi Avq| ìRv Vj fZi XyK `yLy `L, GK LybLyb eywo Nii fZi PiKv KvUQ| Sjgj Zvi Pnviv| hb cwYgvi Puv` Zvi me Rvrv Ii Mvq Xj w`qQ| `yLy eywoK mvjvg Rvbvj| ejj, `vw`gv Mv, evZvm Avgvi PiKv KvUvi me Zyjv Dwoq wbq MQ| Avgvq wKQy Zyjv `vI| myZv bv KvUj Avgiv h Dcvm gie| Puvì gv eywo ejj, Kvbv wPv Kiv bv evQv| hw` Avgvi K_v gvbv, Ze Zzjvi Pq Xi fvjv wRwbm cve| IB h cyKyiUv `LZ cvQ IZ `yUv Wye è| wZbU Wye wÌ bv wKy! `yLy cyKyi bvgj| hB bv c_g Wye w`q cvo Gj, gb nj Ii PnvivUv hb e`j MQ| ic hb wVKi coQ kixi _K| gb Zvi Avi Lywk ai bv| Gici m wZxq evi Wye w`q cvo Gj| AevK Kv!
Avgvi evsjv eB 13
mviv kixi Sjgj Ki DVj ebviwm Kvco Avi mvbv nxi gyvi Mnbvq| Puvì gv eywoK mvjvg I KZZv Rvwbq `yLy evwoi w`K wdiZ iy Kij| divi c_ Avevi GK GK Nvov, KjvMvQ I MvBqi m `Lv| Nvov ZvK Dcnvi w`j GKUv cxivRi Qvbv| KjvMvQ w`j mvbvi eiY GK Qov Kjv I mB m GK Nov gvni| MvB w`j Kwcjv MvBqi eKbv, hvi euvU KLbI `ya Kvq bv| mevBK awb awb Ki `yLy evwo wdij cxivR Nvovq Pc| `yLyi Ai Zv Lye fvjv| ZvB evwo wdi AaK Mqbv m evb myLyK w`j| wKy myLyi eo `gvK| m GKUv MqbvI wbj bv| ejj, Zvgvi Mqbv Avwg Kb be? eis AvgvK ej `vI Gjv Zywg Kxfve cj? `yLy Zv mij gq| m Puvì gv eywoi KvQ _K Mqbv cvIqvi NUbv Lyj ejj| myLy gb gb ejj, `LvwQ gRv| Puvì gv eywoi KvQ _K Zvgvi Pq ewk Mqbv Avwg bv Avwb Zv Avgvi bvg myLy bq| mw`b myLyi ivZ Avi hb KvUZ Pvq bv| fvi bv nZB m PiKvq myZv KvUZ emj| Acv KiZ jvMj KLb evZvm Zvi Zyjv Dwoq bq| wKQyY m myZv KvUj| wKy Rvivjv evZvm Avi eBj bv| myLy fvej, LvgvLv em em myZv KU jvf wK| hLb Rvi evZvm eBZ iy Kie ZLb myZv KvUjB nj| mw`b weKjB kbkb Ki nVvr Sov evZvm eBZ iy Kij| myLy Zvovov Ki emj myZv KvUZ| Avi m m evZvm Zvi Zyjvi cuvRv Dwoq wbq Mj| myLy ZLwb nvDgvD Ki Kuv`Z em Mj| evZvm ejj, IMv myLy, mvgvb Zyjvi Rb AZ Kuv`Z bB| Avgvi m Pj, hZ Zyjv jvM cve| `yLyi gZv myLyI evZvmi cQb cQb QyUj| c_ `yLyi gZvB c_g `Lv nj MvBqi m| m myLyK Mvqvj mvd Ki w`Z ejj| myLy wPrKvi Ki ejj, Zvi Mfiv Mvqvj mvd Kie Avwg? KLbI bv| Avwg hvwQ Puvì gv eywoi KvQ| Gici KjvMvQi Abyiva b m ejj, Zvi jZvcvZv Quov Avgvi KvR bq| Avi
Avgvi evsjv eB 14
Avgvi mgqI bB| Avwg hvwQ ìKvwi KvR, Puvì gv eywoi KvQ| NvovKI Lye ZvwQj Kij myLy| ejj, hme Svgjv| Avwg wK Zvi mwnm bvwK h `Lfvj Kie? Iiv KDB myLyK wKQy ejj bv| wKy mevB gb gb `ytL cj| myLy evZvmi wcQy wcQy Pjj cvmvì w`K| wKy cvmv` Zv AbK ì| Avjm myLy AB nuvwdq DVj| Zvi gRvR nq DVj wZwiw| cvmv` XyKj m ivM Avb nq| eywoi ìRvUv m Lyjj jvw_ w`q| Zvici PuwPq DVj : govgyLv eywo, Rjw` Avgvi Mqbvi eev Ki| eywo GKUyI ivMj bv| wgw Mjvq ejj, GZ Awi nQ Kb gq? hvI H cyKzi wMq `yUv Wze `vI| `yUvi ewk Wye wÌ bv wKy! Zvnj cve| myLyi Avi Zi mq bv| ò m cyKyi bvgj| Zvici w`j GK Wye| GgwbZB m wQj `yLyi Pq myìx| c_g Wye m Acic myìx nq DVj| wZxq evi Wye w`Z m cj PgrKvi ebviwm Avi mvbv nxi gyvi Mqbv| evcvi `L myLyi gb jvf D_j DVj| m fvej, Avi GKUv Wye w`ZB ne| Zvnj wbq Aviv Dcnvi cve| hb wKQy bv cvB, m RbB eva nq eywo Avi Wye w`Z gvbv KiQ| GB fe myLy ZZxq evi Wze w`j| cvwbi Ici gv_v Zyj m `L- nvq nvq! Kv_vq mB Sjgj kvwo Avi Kv_vq mB SKSK Mqbv? Kv_vq Mj mB ic? eis Zvi kixiUv nq MQ eXc, Avi mviv kixi Zi gZv Qvc Qvc `vM| Puvì gv eywoi KvQ Zo Gj myLy| eywo, Kx KiwQm Avgvi `L| eywo ejj, Avgvi K_v Zv kvbwb evQv| Zywg wZbU Wye w`qQ, G nj ZviB dj| h kvw cj, m Zv wbRi `vlB cj|
(evsjv`ki jvKKvwnbx : cybwjLb W. gvneyeyj nK)
Avgvi evsjv eB 15
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ I eenvi wkwL
e`gRvwR AB gRvR Lvivc KI Ggb| Ii eo PvPv e e`gRvwR jvK| PiKv myZv KvUvi Rb KvVi Zwi `wk h| Avgvi `vw` PiKvq myZv KvUZ cvib| mvd cwivi| jvKUv mKvj _K zj Ni mvd KiQ| jvMvg Nvovi ivk ev ejMv| NvomIqvi jvMvg Qo w`ZB Nvov QzU Pjj| wRbcvk Nvovi wcVi Pvgovi Avmb| Nvovi wcV wRbcvkUv k KI euvav nj| ebviwm evivbmxZ Zwi Kvco (AZZ `vwg kvwo)| eic KbK ebvik kvwo w`qQ| KZZv DcKvixi DcKvi ^xKvi Kiv| ZuvK mvnvh Kivi Rb wZwb mevBK KZZv Rvbvjb| cuvRv MvQv| `vw` myZv KvUvi Rb GK cuvRv Zzjv wbq emQb| mwnm Nvov `Lfvj Kivi jvK| jvKUv mwnmi PvKwi wbqQ| wZwiw eXc iMPUv, AB iM IVv| wZwiw gRvRi jvK ej eo mvneK mevB Gwoq Pjb| eLvv, egvbvb, wekx| m gvbyli GKUv eXc Qwe GuKQ|
2. wbPi evKvsk I evKjv cwo

bvMvj cvIqv KvQ cuvQvbv, aiZ cviv| wcQz wcQz òI cywjk PviUvi bvMvj cj bv| RvcU aiv nvZ I eyK w`q Rwoq aiv| fq cq wk gvK RvcU aij|
Avgvi evsjv eB 16
nuvd Qo euvPv Svgjv _K invB cvIqv jvKUv we`vq nIqvq Avwg nuvd Qo euQwQ| Abybq Kiv wgbwZ Kiv| wfwLwi `yUv cqmvi Rb evievi Abybq KiZ jvMj| KU emv Mvq euav| bZzb RyZv QjUvi cvq KU emQ| M`M` nIqv Avbì AveM Awff~Z nIqv| DcKvi cq jvKUv M`M` nq abev` Rvbvj| Dcvm giv Abvnvi _vKv| `ywfI mgq Mwie jvKiv Dcvm gviv hvq| Awb awb Kiv cksmv Kiv| Avwg cixvq c_g nIqvq mevB AvgvK awb awb Kij| gRv `Lvbv R Kiv| Zzwg AvgvK giQ, LvjvK ej gRv `Lve|
3. ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj

K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. Pvlxi Kq gq? ZvÌ Kvi Kx bvg Ges Kvi Kgb ^fve? `yLyi Zzjv Do Mj Kxfve? Zzjvi wcQz QzUZ QzUZ Kvi mv_ `yLyi c_g `Lv nj Ges Kx NUj? KjvMvQi m `yLyi `Lv nIqvi ci Kx NUj? divi c_ `yLy Kvi Kvi KvQ _K x Kx Dcnvi cqwQj? cvmvÌ KvQvKvwQ Gm evZvm `yLyK Kx ejj? divi c_ `yLy Kvi Kvi KvQ _K Kx Kx Dcnvi cqwQj? `yLy evwo wdi Kx Kij? myLy Mqbv bv wbq Kx RvbZ PvBj? wKQzY myZv KvUvi ci myLy Kx fe myZv KvUv e Ki w`j? myLyi gRvR Kb wZwiw nj? myLy eywoi ìRv Kxfve Lyjj? m PuwPq eywoK Kx ejwQj? MwU co Zvgiv Kx wkLj?
Avgvi evsjv eB 17
4. Wvb cvvk _K k Gb wekl I weklY cÌ mvwiZ mvRvB

wekl weklY k kvZ AvMvQv Abybq jvMvg wbPz e`gRvwR Nvov Avjm k UvKv UvKv Pnviv wRwbm gRvR wgw eXc `vl
5. wbPi kjv w`q evK iPbv Kwi

wcQzwcQz, ZKZK, M`M`, cvqcvq, Sjgj, gbgb, emem, kbkb, SKgK|
6. wecix` k wjwL
_vgv, fxi, fvjv, mij, ìKvwi, `~i, Awi|
7. `yLy Avi myLy KvwnbxZ cv_g, wZxq I ZZxq k wZbwU iqQ| GjvK ejv nq msLvgevPK ev gevPK weklY| Gfve AviI KqKwU weklY k wjwL I wkwL :
msLvevPK wekl gevPK weklY GK c_g `yB wZxq wZb ZZxq Pvi PZz_ cuvP cg Qq l mvZ mg AvU Ag bq beg `k `kg
Avgvi evsjv eB 18
msLvevPK wekl GMvi evi Zi P cbi lvj mZi AvVvi Dwbk Kzwo/wek
gevPK weklY GKv`k v`k qv`k PZz`k c`k lvok m`k Av`k Ebwesk wesk
8. jLK cwiwPwZ W. gvneyeyj nK 1948 wLv dwi`cyi Rjvi gayLvwjZ RbMnY Kib| eZgvb wZwb PMvg wekwe`vjqi evsjv wefvMi mnhvMx AavcK| wZwb RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW cKvwkZ cvVeBqi evbvb I evsjv GKvWgxi evbvb Awfavb cYqbi KvRI hy wQjb| Zuvi ek wKQz cvVcyZK I mcvw`Z M iqQ| Zuvi DjLhvM wk-wKkvi M : meB nj wKmgZ, Rjco cvZv bo, Qovq Qovq evsjv evbvb, Kzwgi weovj I LiMvki M BZvw`|
Avgvi evsjv eB 19
msK
KvRx bRij Bmjvg _vKe bv K ev Ni `Le Gevi RMrUvK Kgb Ki NyiQ gvbyl hyMvZii N~wYcvK| `k nZ `k `kvZi QzUQ Zviv Kgb Ki, wKmi bkvh Kgb Ki giQ h exi jvL jvL| wKmi Avkvq KiQ Zviv eiY giY hYvK| ggb Ki exi Wyeywi wmz muP gyv Avb, Kgb Ki `ytmvnmx PjQ Do ^Mcvb| nvDB Po Pvq hZ K P`jvKi AwPbcyi, be Avwg BwZ Kvb& gj nZ AvmQ Do| cvZvj do bvge Avwg DVe Avwg AvKvk duyo, wekRMr `Le Avwg Avcb nvZi gyVvq cyi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 20
cvV wkwL
1. KweZvi g~jfve Rb wbB
Amxg wekK Rvbvi GK A`g KZ~nj gvbyli| wKkviiI ZvB| m RvbZ Pvq weki mKj wKQzK, Avwevi KiZ Pvq Amxg AvKvki mKj ARvbv inmK| m eySZ Pvq Kb gvbym QzUQ Amxg, AZj, Aix; exi Kb RxebK Abvqvm wecb Ki, Kb eiY Ki gZzK| m RvbZ Pvq Wyeywi Kb WyeQ, `ytmvnmx Kb DoQ| ZvB wKkvi gb gb `p cwZv Ki- m e Ni em _vKe bv| cw_exUvK mI Nyi Nyi `LeB| 2. wbPi kjvi A_ I eenvi Rb wbB msK e hyMvZi Zxe BQv, cwZv| fvjv KvR Kivi Rb msK _vKv ìKvi|
e| e Ni Avjv evZvm XyKZ cvi bv| GK hyMi ci AviK hyM, Ab hyM, (`wk MYbv gZ 12 eQi GK hyM nq)| KZ hyM hyMvi cvi nq Avgiv eZgvb mgq GmwQ| GK `k _K Avi GK `k| Ab`k| eo nj Avwg `k- `kvi Nyi eove|
`kvZi
wKmi bkvq Kx Dk, Kx AvKlY| wKmi bkvq Zzwg Ggb QzUvQzwU KiQ? eiY Kvbv wKQz mvì MnY| cqjv ekvL Avgiv bZzb eQiK eiY Ki wbB| gZzi gZv KwVb hYv hviv mvnmx Zviv giYhYvK fq cvq bv| hviv Mfxi cvwbZ Wye w`q Kvbv wRwbm Dvi Ki Avb| gNbv b`xi Mfxi Zj`k _K Wyeywiiv wbgwZ jwU Dvi KiQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 21
giY-hYv Wyeywi
`ytmvnmx ^Mcvb P`jvK AwPbcyi do
AZwaK mvnmx| `ytmvnmx gywhvviv `k ^vaxb KiQb| AvKvki w`K| ^Mcvb ZvwKq Ajmfve em _vKj Rxeb Kviv DbwZ nq bv| Puvì `k| gvbyl GLb P`jvK Qvwoq gj MnI hvv KiQ| APbv RvqMv| GK wQj AwPbcyii ivRKbv| wPi, `y duvK Ki| KvVyi Kzovj w`q KvVUv do wbj| cwZv e Bkviv mvMi mvì MnY cw_ex
3. mgv_K k Rb wbB
msK e BwZ wmz eiY RMr
4. wqvcì mvay I PwjZ ic Rb wbB| mvay ic PwjZ ic

AuvKe `Le NyiQ giQ KiQ QzUQ AvmQ PjQ AuvwKe `wLe NywiZQ gwiZQ KwiZQ QzwUZQ AvwmZQ PwjZQ
5. wqvi Kvj mcK Rb wbB

h mgq wqv ev KvRwU mcb nq ZvK wqvi Kvj ej| hgb : AZxZ Kvj, eZgvb Kvj, fwelr Kvj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 22
fwelr KvjevPK KqKwU wqvcÌ m cwiwPZ nB : _vKe, `Le, be, Lve, eove, Nyie, coe, Lje, Pje, Poe, bvge, aie, nvme|
6. kjvi evbvb wjwL

e, hyMvi, eiY, giY, hYv, wmz, muP, wekRMr, ^M, BwZ|
7. ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj I wjwL

K. L. M. N. Kwe e Ni _vKZ Pvb bv Kb? exi Wyeywi Kx Ki? P`jvKi AwPbcyi Kviv hZ Pvq? Kwe cvZvj do bvgZ Pvb Kb?
8. Kwei msKjv wjwL 9. Avgvi msKjv wjwL 10. KweZvwU Avew Kwi I gyL wjwL 11. Kwe cwiwPwZ
KvRx bRij Bmjvg cwgeI eagvb Rjvi Pziwjqv Mvg RbMnY Kib| Zuvi Rb ZvwiL 24k g, 1899 wLv, (11B R, 1306 mb)| wZwb we`vnx Kwe bvgB ewk cwiwPZ| wZwb evsjv`ki RvZxq Kwe| Zuvi KweZv Mvb, M, bvUK, Dcbvm Avgvì mvwnZi Ag~j mc`| wkì Rb wZwb AbK Mvb, KweZv, Qov I bvUK wjLQb| AwMexYv, weli euvkx, wSO dzj Zuvi weLvZ KveM| wZwb 1976 wLvi 29k AvM, (12B fv` 1383 mb) XvKvq gZzeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 23
we`vq nR
`kg wnRwi| Avie`ki AbKB ZLb Bmjvg ag MnY KiQb| gnvbex nhiZ gyn` (m) gvbyli KvQ cuQ w`qQb mZ, bvq I gvbeZvi evYx| Bmjvgi G evYx ZLb w`K w`K Qwoq coQ| `kg wnRwii nRi mgq Gm Mj| gnvbex nhiZ gyn` (m) Aii Mfxi Kvevi Avnvb Abyfe Kijb| wZwb wi Kijb mvnvweì m wbq nR cvjb Kieb| G msev` Pviw`K `yZ Qwoq coj | whjK` gvm| bexwR (m)-Gi KvQ mgeZ nqQb nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl| Zuvì BQv bexwR (m)-Gi m nR cvjb Kieb| whjK` gvmi klw`K gnvbex (m)-Gi m Zuviv gvi c_ hvv Kijb| huviv ZuvK KLbI `Lbwb, ZuvivI GB gnvgvbeK GKevi `Lvi Rb Kvevkwid Gjb| Avie`ki bvbv vb _K m evi cvq `y j gvbyl nR cvjb KiZ Avmb| AvivdvZi gq`vb GZ wecyj msLK gvbyl `L gnvbex (m)-Gi gb Avb` fi Mj| GZ gvbyl! Guiv mevB Bmjvg ag MnY KiQb? Rvevj ivngvZ bvgK
Avgvi evsjv eB 24
cvnvo ùvwoq wZwb mgeZ gvbyli Dk fvlY w`jb| AvivdvZ gq`vb bexwR (m)-i GwUB kl fvlY Ges gnvbex (m)-i Rxeb GwUB wQj kl nR| Avi ZvB G fvlY we`vq nRi fvlY bvg LvZ| gvbeRvwZ wPiw`b Zuvi G fvlYK Mfxi kvq iY KiQ| gnvbex nhiZ gyn` (m) c_gB Avjvni cksmv Kijb| Zvici mgeZ gvbyli w`K ZvwKq wZwb ejjb : Zvgiv Avgvi K_v gbvhvM w`q kvbv| AvRKi G w`b Zvgvì KvQ cwe| G gvmwUI Zvgvì KvQ cwe| Zvgvì Rxeb I mcw cicii KvQ cwe| gb iLv, GKw`b Zvgiv Avjvni KvQ nvwRi ne| cw_exZ Zvgiv h KvR KiQ, Avjvn Zvgvì KvQ Zvi wnmve PvBeb| Zvgvì xZ`vm xZ`vmxivI Avjvni ev`v| Zvì cwZ wbzi eenvi Kviv bv| Zvgiv wbRiv hv Lve ZvìI ZvB LZ è; wbRiv h Kvco cie ZvìI ZvB ciZ è| Kvbv xZ`vm hw` wbRi hvMZvq Avwgi nb, Ze ZuvK gb Pje| ZLb esk ghv`vi K_v eje bv| gb iLv, me gymjgvb GK Abi fvB| Zvgiv GK fvB KLbI Ab fvBqi mw Rvi Ki `Lj Kiv bv| FY wbj cwikva Ki wÌ| bvixi Ici cyiyli h ic AwaKvi AvQ, cyiyli Ici bvixiI m ic AwaKvi iqQ| mKj cKvi my`, Nyl Ìqv-bIqv _K weiZ _Kv| KLbI Abvq ev AwePvi Kviv bv| mvgvb cvc _KI wbRK ì mwiq iLv| AvR hviv GLvb Avmwb, Avgvi Dc`k Zvì KvQ cQ wÌ| nqZv G Dc`k ZvivB ewk Ki gb ivLe| gvbyl wbRi KvRi Rb wbRB `vwq _vKe| GKRbi Acivai Rb AbK `vwq Kiv Pje bv| gnvbex (m) Rvi w`q ejjb : ag wbq evovevwo Kie bv| wbRi ag cvjb Kie| hviv Ab ag cvjb Ki, Zvì Ici Zvgvi ag Pvwcq Ìqvi Pv Kviv bv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 25
gnvbex (m) PviwU K_v weklfve gb ivLZ ejjb :
1| Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Gev`Z Kviv bv ; 2| Abvqfve gvbylK nZv Kviv bv ; 3| cii mc` Avmvr Kviv bv ; 4| Kviv Ici AZvPvi Kviv bv|
wZwb Aviv ejjb : Zvgvì KvQ Avwg `ywU wRwbm iL hvwQ :
1| Avjvni evYx Avj KziAvb ; 2| Avjvni cwiZ cyiyl ivmyji Rxebi Av`k|
GB `ywU wRwbm hZw`b Zvgiv AvuKo ai _vKe, ZZw`b KD Zvgvì c_ KiZ cvie bv| gnvbex (m) Zuvi fvlY kl Kijb| Zuvi PvL gyL Avb` Dj nq DVj| AvKvki w`K ZvwKq wZwb ejjb, n Avjvn, Avwg wK Zvgvi evYx gvbyli KvQ cuQ w`Z ciwQ? AvivdvZi gq`vb _K j j K awbZ nj, nuv, Avcwb ciQb| gnvbex nhiZ gyn` (m)-Gi gb ZLb Avb` cY nq DVj| cw_exZ Zuvi KvR kl nqQ| gb nj, nqZv GUvB Zuvi Rxebi kl nR| wZwb Avi Kvevkwid DcwZ nZ cvieb bv| mgeZ gvbyli Dk wZwb ejjb : Zvgiv mvx, Avwg Avgvi KZe cvjb KiwQ| we`vq|
(msKwjZ : Rmxg Dxb Avng`)
Avgvi evsjv eB 26
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ wkwL I evK eenvi Kwi
fvlY ev`v xZ`vm Avwgi Gev`Z eZv, K_b| - gnvbex (m) mvnvweì Dk fvlY w`jb| Mvjvg, `vm| - Avgiv Avjvni ev`v| Kbv `vm, PvKi| - AvM Avie`k xZ`vm c_v cPwjZ wQj| mv abx gymjgvb, gymjgvb kvmKi Dcvwa|- nvi~b-Aiiwk` evM`vì Avwgi wQjb| Avivabv, Dcvmbv|-gymjgvb agvej^xiv GK Avjvni Gev`Z Ki|
2. Rb wbB
ivmyj Avmgvwb wKZvecv bex| nhiZ gyn` (m) mekl ivmyj wQjb| Kvevkwid mw` Aviei gv kni AewZ Avjvni cwe Ni| Avw_Kfve mQj gymjgvbiv cwe nR cvjb KiZ mLvb hvb| nR cvjbi mgq Gi Pvi w`K NyiZ nq| wnRwi 622 wLv nhiZ gyn` (m) Avjvni Av`k gv Qo gw`bvq Pj hvb| GK ejv nq wnRiZ| wZwb h w`b gv Qo hvb, mw`b _K Aviwe mvj MYbv Kiv nq| Aviwe mvjK wnRwi ejv nq| whjK` Aviwe eQii GKwU gvmi bvg|
3. ckjvi Di ewj I wjwL

K) L) M) N) O) we`vq nR Kx? wnRwi Kvb mvj we`vq nR AbywZ nq? AvivdvZ gq`vb gnvbex (m)-Gi gbi Aev Kgb nqwQj? we`vq nRi fvlY gnvbex (m) xZ`vm mK Kx ejwQjb? ag mK nhiZ gyn` (m) Kx ejQb?
Avgvi evsjv eB 27
P) we`vq nR wZwb bvix-cyiyl mK Kx ejQb? Q) gnvbex (m) Kvb PviwU K_v weklfve gb ivLZ ejQb? R) nhiZ gyn` (m) Avgvì KvQ Kvb `ywU wRwbm iL MQb?
4. we`vq nR mcK `kwU evK wjwL| 5. we`vq nR ce eeZ weivgwPjv wPb wbB weivgwPi bvg
Kgv mwgKvjb Kvjb ùvwo wRvmvwP weqwP
weivgwP
, ; : | ? !
6. wbPi evKjv cwo Ges mwVK weivgwP emvB

kxZi mgq wPwoqvLvbvq wMqwQjvg mLvb `Ljvg evsjv`ki AbK cvwL hgb `vqj Kvqj wUqv gqbv eK UybUywb BZvw` Avgvi Kx h fvjv jMwQj Zywg wK KLbI wPwoqvLvbvq wMqQ
Avgvi evsjv eB 28
kLi grwk
Mvgi bvg Avb`cyi| gvgvi evwo| K_vq AvQ gvgvi evwo imi nuvwo| AvmjB ZvB| cov bB, evav bB, hLvb Lywk Nyi eovI, hv Lywk LvI| GB Zv gvgvi evwo| Mj eQi cqjv ekvLi QywUZ wMqwQjvg Avb`cyi| mLvb cqjv ekvL gjv em| gvgv ejjb, Zvgvì gjv `LvZ wbq hve| Avgiv wQjvg Pvi Rb- Avwg, gvgvZv evb ew, mvnvbv, Avi QvUfvB ZvwRb| gjv em mKvj| Avgiv GKUy `wi KiB Mjvg| gvgv ek gRvi gvbyl| Kuva Svjvbv GKUv evM| ZvZ _vK Qwe AvuKvi bvbvb wRwbm, _vK GKUv euvwk| cob XvKvi PviyKjv BbwwUDU| gjvi GKUy KvQ cuQZB bZ cjvg bvMi`vjvi KuvPi KuvPi k| `Ljvg euvki Zwi Kzjv, Wvjv, Sywo, Pvjyb, gvQ aivi PuvB, LvjB Aviv KZ Kx? emQ evwO, ZigyR, gywo-gyowK, wRjvwc Avi evZvmvi `vKvb mvwi mvwi| AviKUy GZB `LZ cjvg KZ iOi, KZ eYi wewP me gvwUi nuvwo-dyj, cvZv, gvQi Qwe AvuKv mme| iqQ gvwUi Nvov, nvwZ, luvo Avi bvbv AvKvii gvwUi cyZyj| Avgvi PvL coj KvR Kiv Ace myì gvwUi nuvwoi w`K| gvgvK wRm Kijvg-GUv wKmi nuvwo? gvgv ejjb, GUv kLi nuvwo| kL Ki cQì wRwbm GB myì nuvwoZ ivLv nq, ZvB Gi bvg kLi nuvwo| Zv Qvov kLi h Kvbv wRwbmB Zv myì| Avgiv `ywU kLi nuvwo wKbjvg| AevK njvg, cyZyji cvkB Nvjv PvL Pq AvQ GK PKPK iycvwj Bwjk| cvi ZvRv Bwjki gZvB| Zgwb mv`v Avuk, jvj VuvU| Avgiv GKUv gvwUi BwjkI wKbjvg| gvgv ejjb, IB h cyZyjjv
Avgvi evsjv eB 29
`LQ Ijv Ucv cyZyj| big GuUj gvwU wUc wUc Gme cyZyj evbvbv nq ej Gjvi bvg Ucv cyZyj| eD-RvgvB, KlK, b_civ Qv gq - bvbv iKgi gvwUi cyZyj| gjvi GK cv eo RvqMv Ryo Gme gvwUi cyZyji `vKvb| gvgv ejjb, Gjv nQ gvwUi wkKjv| wkKjv K_vwU ek fvix fvix gb nj| gvgv eywSq ejjb- hLb Kvbv wKQy myì Ki AvuwK, myì Ki evbvB, myì Ki MvB, ZLb Zv nq wk| wki G KvRK ej wkKjv| Avgvì `ki mePq cvPxb wk nQ gvwUi wk| G `ki Kzgvi mc`vq hyM hyM ai Zwi Ki AvmQ gvwUi Kjm, nuvwo, miv, evmb-Kvmb, cqvjv, myivB, gUKv, Rvjv, wcV Zwii bvbv QuvP, Aviv KZ Kx! wbZ w`bi ìKvwi Gme wRwbmi m Zviv Zwi Ki AvmQ Drme-cveYi Rb bvbv iOi evnvwi gvwUi wRwbm, ZRmc|
gvwUi Zwi wkKgK Avgiv ewj gvwUi wk ev grwk| G wki cavb DcKiY nj gvwU| Ze me gvwU w`q G KvR nq bv| ìKvi cwivi GuUj gvwU| G aibi gvwU ek AvVvjv| ùvAvk gvwU Zgb AvVvjv bq, Avi ej gvwU Zv SiSi ZvB Gjv w`q gvwUi wk nq bv| GuUj gvwU njB h Zv w`q wki KvR Kiv hve ZvI bq| Gi Rb AbK hZ Avi kg ìKvi| ìKvi nvZi
Avgvi evsjv eB 30
bcyY I KvwiMwi vb| Kzgviì KvQ Gme Lye mnR| KviY Zviv esk ciivq G KvR Ki AvmQ| Avevi G KvRi Rb cqvRb wKQy QvULvUv hcvwZ I mivg| mewKQyi AvM hUv ìKvi Zv nj GKUv KvVi PvKv| GB PvKvq big gvwUi Zvj jvwMq bvbv AvKvii gvwUi cv I bvbv wRwbm Zwi Ki Kygviiv| gjv _K mw`b Avgiv AbK Ucv cyZj, Nvov, nvwZ, QvU Kjm wKbjvg| gvgv y ejjb, GB h GZ myì bKkv `LQ, is `LQ GmeB Mvgi wkxì Zix| bKkvjv Zviv gb _K AvuK| Avi is Zwi Ki wkg, mbi im, KvuVvj MvQi evKj _K| Ze AvRKvj evRvi _K Kbv iOI jvMvbv nq| gjv _K K`gv, evZvmv, gyowK Avi LB wKb kLi nuvwo fwZ Ki Avgiv wdijvg| Lye gRv nj| gvgv ejjb, Zvgvì Kvj Kygvi cvovq wbq hve| ciw`b Avgiv `LZ Mjvg Kzgvi cvov| Avb`cyi Mvgi Di w`K AvU `k Ni emZevwo| GB wbq Kzgvi cvov| GLvb mevB e| KD gvwUi Zvj PvK PvK Ki mvwRq ivLQ| KD-ev KvVi PvKvq gvwU jvwMq bvbv AvKvii cv evbvQ| KD-ev Gjv mvi mvi Ki KvZ w`Q iv`| cvkB iqQ gvwUi wRwbm cvovbvi Pyjv| DuPy Qv wXwei gZv GB Pyjv| gvwU cvovi M cvwQ| Avi auvqv eiyQ| QvU QvU QjgqivI G KvR KiQ| gvgv ejjb - nuvwo Kjwm QvovI Avgvì `k GK mgq Mo DVwQj myì cvovgvwUi djKi KvR| Gi Ab bvg UivKvUv| evsjvi AbK cyibv wk GB UivKvUv| bKkv Kiv gvwUi djK BUi gZv cywoq Zwi Kiv nZ GB UivKvUv| kvjeb wenvi, gnvvbMo, cvnvocyi e c I w`bvRcyii KvwRi gwì GB UivKvUvi KvR iqQ| Zv Qvov evMinvUi lvUM^yR gmwR` cvIqv MQ cvovgvwUi Ace myì KvR| gvwUi djK Qwe GuK wKq cvovbvi ci Gjv Ggb myì nq IV| QvU QvU djKK cvkvcvwk Rvov w`q eo Kiv hvq| cvovgvwUi GB djK evsjvi cvPxb grwk| gvgv ejjb, UivKvUv ev cvovgvwUi Gme KvR G `k iy nqQ nvRvi eQi AvM|
Avgvi evsjv eB 31
Gjv Avgvì HwZn, Avgvì Me| G `ki gvbyli gb h wkxi gb, Gjv Zvi cwiPq enb Ki| Zvgiv KvMR coQ, mwZ biwms`xi Iqvix eUki cvIqv MQ cvq nvRvi eQi AvMi mfZvi wb`kb| gvwU Lyuo cvIqv MQ bvbv aibi myì gvwUi cv Avi djK| AvRKvj wK cvovgvwUi GB wkPPv nq bv? gvgvi KvQ RvbZ PvBjvg Avgiv| gvgv ejjb, ek fvjv K_v wRm KiQ Zvgiv| nuv, AvRKvj IiKg UivKvUv nQ bv eU, Ze cvovgvwUi bKkvi Kì eoQ| eo eo miKvwi emiKvwi feb AvRKvj m`h evovbvi Rb bvbv iKg bKkv Kiv gvwUi djK eeZ nQ| Avgvì `ki Kzgviiv Gme Zwi KiQ| ejjvg, Avgiv Gme cvovgvwUi KvR `LZ PvB| gvgv ejjb, myhvM gZv GK mgq Zvgvì kvjeb wenvi wbq hve| kwdDj Avjg
cvV wkwL
1. iPbvi gjfve Rb wbB
evsjv`ki cvPxb wkKjvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq gvwUi wk| GUv G `ki wbR^ wk| ekvLx gjvq I bvbv cveY hme gjv em, mme gjvq wew nq gvwUi Zwi bvbviKg cyZyj, bKkv Kiv nuvwo, gvwUi dj, ZRmc| Mvgi Kzgviiv wbcyYfve Gme Zwi Ki| cvPxbKvj _K G `k grwki PPv nQ| gqbvgwZi kvjeb wenvi, eovi gnvvbMo, evMinvUi lvUM^yR gmwR` `Lv hvq cvovgvwUi djK ev UivKvUvi wb`kb| ZvB gvwUi wk Avgvì HwZn I Mei welq|
2. kv_jv Rb wbB
kL gbi BQv, iywP| Ucv cyZyj Kzgviiv big GuUj gvwUi PvK nvZ wbq wUc wUc bvbv aibi I bvbv AvKvii cyZyj Zwi Ki| wUc wUc Zwi
Avgvi evsjv eB 32
Kiv nq ej Gme cyZyji bvg Ucv cyZyj| Ze Gme gvwUi cyZyji nvZ-cv ev Rvovjv GKUy wfR wfR gvwU w`q hZ Ki jvMvZ nq| bKkv iLv w`q AvuKv Qwe| kLi nuvwo, Ucv cyZyj ev ccvwLi Mvq Mvgi Kygvi wkxiv bvbv iOi Qwe AvuK| G QwejvB nj bKkv| Kywgjvi gqbvgwZZ gvwU Lyuo AvweZ nqQ cvPxb e mfZvi wb`kb| Av`k kZKi GB cyivKxwZ evsjv`ki cvPxb mfZvi cwiPvqK| kvjeb wenvi cvIqv MQ bvbv aibi cvovgvwUi djK| GwU jvwUb k| Uiv A_ gvwU Avi KvUv A_ cvovbv| cvovgvwUi Zwi gvbyli eenvii me iKgi wRwbm UivKvUv wnme cwiwPZ|
kvjeb wenvi
UivKvUv
KvZwRi gwì 1752 wLv gnvivRv igvbv_ ivq w`bvRcyi KvwRi gwì wbgvY Kib| G gwìi Mvq vwcZ Ace myì UivKvUv evsjvi gvwUi wki cvPxb wb`kb| cvnvocyi ivRkvnx Rjvi cvnvocyi AvweZ nqQ cvPxb e mfZvi wb`kb mvgcyi wenvi| GB mvgcyi wenvii Avkcvki eo e gwì cvIqv MQ AbK myì UivKvUv| Gjv Ag kZKi A_vr AvR _K cvq evi k eQi AvMi Zwi| eov kni _K 12 wKjvwgUvi Di KiZvqv b`xi Zxi AewZ gnvvbMo| hx wLi Rbi ce ZZxq _K cbi k kZK evsjvi G cvPxb bMi Mo IV| gnvvbMo cvIqv MQ AbK cvovgvwUi djK, cv, AjsKvi I gwZ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 33
gnvvbMo
3. ckjvi Di Rb wbB I wjwL

K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. K. L. M. N. gvwUi wk ejZ Kx eywS? evsjv`ki cvPxb wkKg KvbwU? kLi nuvwo Kx iKg? ekvLx gjvq Kx Kx cvIqv hvq? grwki cavb Dcv`vb Kx? KqKwU grwki bvg ewj| UivKvUv Kx? evsjv`ki Kv_vq cvovgvwUi cvPxb wk `LZ cvIqv hvq? gvwUi wk Avgvì HwZn I Miei welq Kb? grwk kLi nuvwo UivKvUv Ucv cyZyj
4. wbPi K_vjv mnR Ki eywSq ewj
5. gvgvi evwo, imi nuvwo- K_vwU Kb cPwjZ? 6. Zvgvi `Lv Kzgvi cvovi msw eYbv `vI| 7. jLK cwiwPwZ
kwdDj Avjg 1943 wLv KevRvi Rjvi PKwiqv _vbvi nvievs Mvg RbMnY Kib| wZwb wkvg wekl, MelK I cvewK wnme cwiwPZ| wZwb RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evWi cv_wgK I gvawgK Zii evsjv cvVcyZKi AbZg jLK I mv`K| evsjv GKvWgxmn wewfb cKvkbv msv _K Zuvi eB cKvwkZ nqQ| Zuvi DjLhvM M : fvlv, evbvb, wkv, mvwnZi KvjvxY Kzkxje, cm mvwnZ, KwZcq weePbv BZvw`|
Avgvi evsjv eB 34
K?
CkiP`
ej `wL G RMZ avwgK K nq, me Rxe `qv hvi, avwgK m nq| ej `wL G RMZ myLx ewj Kvi, mZZ AvivMx hB, myLx ewj Zvi| ej `wL G RMZ we ewj Kvi, wnZvwnZ eva hvi, we ewj Zvi| ej `wL G RMZ axi ewj Kvi, wec` h wi _vK, axi ewj Zvi| ej `wL G RMZ g~L ewj Kvi, wbR Kvh b Ki, g~L ewj Zvi| ej `wL G RMZ mvay ewj Kvi, cii h fvjv Ki, mvay ewj Zvi| ej `wL G RMZ vbx ewj Kvi, wbR eva AvQ hvi, vbx ewj Zvi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 35
cvV wkwL
1. KweZvwUi gjfve Rb wbB
G KweZvq cw_exZ K avwgK, K myLx, K we, K axi, K mvay, K vbx ev gL GB wRvmvi GKwU c aviYv Ìqv nqQ| m-B cKZ avwgK h meRxe `qv Ki, fvjvevm| m-B cKZ myLx, hvi Kvbv ivM bB; m-B cKZ we hvi fvjv g` eva AvQ| wZwbB cKZ axi whwb wec` wePwjZ nb bv| wZwbB cKZ vbx ew whwb cii KviY ^v_ ewj `b; Avi m ewB mwZKvi A_ vbx hvi fvjv g` evSvi gZv AvQ| A_P m-B gL hvi wbRi fvjv g` eva _vK bv, wbRi wZ wbRB Ki|
2. wbPi kjvi A_ I eenvi Rb wbB

avwgK
whwb wbR agxq Av`k wb`k gb Pjb| fvlvwe` W. gyn` knx`yjvn avwgK wQjb| meRxe me iKg Rxei cwZ| meRxe `qv Kiv gvbyli KZe| mZZ me mgq| mZZ fvjv KvR Kie, Kviv gb `ytL è bv| AvivMx bxivM| Zvi AUzU ^v `LjB evSv hvq m AvivMx| we hvi wekl vb AvQ| we jvKi KvQ _K civgk bIqv fvjv| wnZvwnZ KjvY I AKjvY| wnZ ki A_ KjvY| AwnZ A_ AKjvY| wnZvwnZ weePbv Ki KvR Kiv fvjv| g~L wbZv evKv, hvi eva kw bB| K_vq AvQ gL eyi Pq vbx ky fvjv| eva eySevi gZv| wbR eva I weePbv w`q Avgvì KvR KiZ ne| mvay mr, avwgK| jvKwU hgb mvay, Zgwb wbinsKvi| mvay ewK mevB kv Ki| Kvi Zvi hvi KvK ZvK hvK
3. ki wekl eenvi j Kwi
Avgvi evsjv eB 36
4. kbvb cii PiY wjwL

K. ej `wL G RMZ myLx ewj Kvi, ..........................., .......................| L. ..........................., ......................., wbR Kvh b Ki, gL ewj Zvi| M. ej `wL G RMZ vbx ewj Kvi, ..........................., .......................|
5. evbvb wkwL
Cki, avwgK, mZZ, gL, wi|
6. KweZvwU c I ky DPviY Q` wgj iL Avew Kwi| 7. ckMyjvi Di gyL gyL ewj Ges myì I c Ki LvZvq wjwL|
K. L. M. N. O. cKZ avwgK ewi Kvb Y _vKv DwPZ? cKZ myLx gvbyl K? wnZvwnZ eva AvQ Ggb ew K? mvay I gL ewi ga cv_K Kx? vbx ew K?
8. wecixZ k wjwL
avwgK AvivMx myLx vbx mvay
9. Kwe cwiwPwZ
Kwe CkiP` 1812 wLv cwgei wkqvjWvv KuvPovcvovq RbMnY Kib| wZwb cPyi e-we`c I nvwmi KweZv iPbv KiQb| msev` cfvKi cwKvi mv`K wnme wZwb LvwZ jvf Kib| wZwb RxweZ _vKZ Zuvi KveMi ga ceva cfvKi cKvwkZ nq| Abvb KveM Zuvi gZyi ci cKvwkZ nq| 1859 wLv wZwb gZyeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 37
`Z I Rj
Kvbv GK mgq GK b`xi avi evm KiZ GK Mwie Rj| m cwZw`b b`xZ cuvP evi Ki Rvj djZ| GZ h gvQ cZ Zv ePB Zvi msmvii LiP PvjvZ| KvqKk w`b Rivb nZ Zvi| GKw`b mKvj Rj Gm b`xZ Rvj djj| c_g evi Rvj Ub `L GKwUI gvQ cowb Rvj| Rvj DVj Kej GKUv gvUv MvQi uwo| Avevi Rvj djj m| wZxq evi Rvj wUq `Lj GKUv giv Mvav Rvj Rwoq iqQ| Rj Avevi Rvj djj| ZZxq eviI Rvj wUq Gb `L weivU GKUv gvwUi Rvjv| welY gb RvjvUvK Rvj _K ei Ki m b`xi avi KvZ Ki ivLj| PZz_ evi Rvj DVj GKMv`v fvOv nuvwo-Kjwm, Avi QvUeo KvPi UyKiv| `ytL nZvkvq Rj Gevi AvKvki w`K gyL Ki ejj- Lv`v, Zvgvi Kx gwR Rvwb bv| Pvi Pvi evi Rvj dj bwme wKQyB RyUj bv| GeviB kl| Zywg `qvgq, `L Avgvi Qjgqì hb AvR Abvnvi bv _vKZ nq| GB ej Rj klevii gZv RvjUv cvwbZ Qyuo gvij| cg I klevi m `Lj GKUv Zvgvi Rvjv Rvj AvUK AvQ| RvjvUvi gyL XvKbv w`q AvUKvbv| Zvi Dci Kx hb me jLv Lv`vB Kiv iqQ| Rj mvgvb jLvcov RvbZ| jLvUv co `Lj IUv `vDì cy myjgvbi bvg|
Avgvi evsjv eB 38
Rji eyK Gevi wKQzUv Avkv wdi Gj| m fvej, G h `LwQ ev`kvnx Rvjv| wbq gwYiZ wKQz iqQ fZi| Lv`vi `qvq G evi eywS bwme wdij| Rj b`xi cvo co _vKv GK L cv_i w`h VyK VyK mveavb Rvjvi gyLUv mwiq djj| em, hB bv Rvjvi XvKbv mi Mj Agwb MjMj Ki ivwk ivwk auvqv ewiq AvmZ jvMj fZi _K| Rj PvL eo eo Ki fq fq GKcvk mi ùvovj| `LZ `LZ mB auvqvi Kzwj GKUv AwZKvq `Z cwiYZ nj| Zvi gv_vUv GKUv wekvj Szwoi gZv| GKMvwQI Pzj bB mB gv_vq| Avbi Mvjvi gZv fqsKi `ywU PvL Avi kZ cv_ii UzKivi gZv ùvZ emvbv| `Z ejj, myjgvb Qvov Avwg `ywbqvi KvDK civqv Kwi bv| KviY Avjvni cqMî ^qs myjgvb| GKUz _g `Z nvZ Rvo Ki AvKvki w`K ZvwKq webxZfve ejjgnievb myjgvb, `vnvB Zvgvi, AvgvK gi dj bv| Avwg GK gyn~Zi RbI Avi Zvgvi K_vi Aeva ne bv| hv Kzg Kie, gv_v bZ Ki ZvB Zvwgj Kie| Rj `Zi K_v b ZZY wKQyUv mvgj wbqQ wbRK| mvnm Ki ejj, n `Z, ev`kv myjgvbi fq Zzwg AgbKuyKo hvQ, myjgvb Zv AvVvi k eQi AvM G `ywbqvi gvqv KvwUq en&kZ Pj MvQb| Zzwg Kx Ggb Abvq KvR KiwQj hvi Rb myjgvb ZvgvK RvjvUvi ga cyi iLwQjb ? Rji K_v b `Z nv-nv Ki Ggb Rvi nm DVj h mB k Rji Kvb Zvjv jM Mj| nvwm _vwgq `Z ejj, Avjvn& Qvov Avi Kviv IciB Avgvi mvgvbI Avv bB| Zuvi KvQ _K Zvgvi Rb Rei GKUv Lei wbq GmwQ| Rj mvnm Ki wRm Kij, Kx m Rei Lei? Zzwg `qv Ki AvgvK ej| `Z nvmZ nvmZ ejj gZz| Zvgvi gZzi Lei| Avi mB gZz ne GK fqsKi Dcvq| gZzi K_v b fq Rji gyL wKq Mj| m KuvcZ KuvcZ Kvbv iKg ejj
Avgvi evsjv eB 39
fvB `Z, Avwg Zv Kvbv Abvq KvR Kwiwb| Zv nj Zzwg Kb AvgvK gviZ PvBQ? KZ Kvj Zzwg GB RvjvUvi ga ew` nq wQj| bovPov KiZ bv ci KZB bv K cvwQj| Avwg ZvgvK gyw w`qwQ| GUvB hw` Avgvi Abvq nq _vK, Avi Zvi RbB hw` AvgvK Rvb w`Z nq, Ze Avgvi Avi wKQzB ejvi bB|
`Z hb Rji K_v bZB cvqwb| ejj ej, Zzwg wbRB ej, Kxfve giZ PvI? Rj Gevi nvZRvo Ki ejj giZ Avgvi fq bB, wK Avgvi AbvqUv Kx Zv eje Zv| Kb Zzwg AvgvK gviZ PvBQ? `Z Gevi ejj - Zvgvi MvZvwK Kx, kybe? e`bwme Rj, Zv nj kvb ejwQ| Avgvi bvg mK-ni-Aj Rxb| Avwg ev`kvn myjgvbi Mvjvg wQjvg| Avgvi GgbB gZv wQj h, `ywbqvq KvDKB civqv KiZvg bv| GKw`b ev`kvni Kzg Zvwgj KiZ A^xKvi Ki emjvg| GZ iM w`q ev`kvn kvqZv Kievi Rb Zvi jvKRb w`q AvgvK GKUv Zvgvi Rvjvq cyi Zvi gyL e Ki w`j| Zvici ev`kvni gvni Lv`vB Ki w`j RvjvUvi gyL| Avwg Rvjvi fZi ew`
Avgvi evsjv eB 40
nq Mjvg| ev`kvn Gici RvjvUvK b`xZ dj w`j| b`x Zjvq ew` Aevq KvUZ jvMj Avgvi w`b| GKw`b kc_ Kijvg, hw` Pvikv eQii ga KD AvgvK G ew``kv _K gyw `q, Ze ZvK Avwg AMva abiZ w`q Lywk Kie| wK Avgvi GgbB `yfvM h, KD AvgvK gyw w`j bv| b`xi Zjvq GK GK Ki Pvikv eQi e K KvUj Avgvi| Zvici Avwg AveviI kc_ Kijvg, h AvgvK GB Rvjv _K Dvi Kie, ZvK wZbwU ei è| hv m PvBe Zv-B cve| wK kq kq wZbkv eQi cvi nj, Kviv `Lv cjvg bv| Gevi Avgvi gRvR weMo Mj| ivM `ytL Acgvb kc_ Ki emjvg, AvgvK h gy Kie mB nZQvovK Avwg KZj Kie| kZvxi ci kZvx Mj, KD Dvi KiZ Gj bv| GfveB w`b KU hvwQj| KZ eQi KvUj Zvi Avi wnme ivLZ cvijvg bv| fvMi di Gevi Zzwg Gm nvwRi nj| AvgvK gyw w`j| wK Zzwg WK Avbj wbRi gZz| klevii gZv myhvM w`wQ, Zzwg wbRB eQ bvI Kxfve giZ PvI| `Zi Kvwnbx b Rj eySZ cvij, AvR Avi Zvi iv bB| givi fq fxZ njI Rj eyw nvivj bv| nVvr Zvi gv_vq GKUv eyw Lj Mj| m ejj fvB, Avwg wKQzZB wekvm KiZ cviwQ bv, Zvgvi AZ eo kixiUv Kgb Ki GB Rvjvi ga wQj| mZ ejQ wK wg_v ejQ, Zv ZzwgB Rvb| wK Avwg njc Ki ejZ cvwi ZvgvK `Lj G K_v KDB wekvm Kie bv| Rji K_v b `Z ùvZ Kogo Ki gNi MRb Zzj ejj Kx! Avwg wg_v K_v ejwQ? GB Rvjvi ga Avwg _vKZ cvwi bv? ek, givi AvM Rb hvI, `Z wg_v K_v ej bv| ejZ ejZ AnsKvix `Z PvLi cjK auvqvi Kzwj cvwKq RvjvUvi fZi XyK Mj| Avi hB bv fZi XvKv, Agwb Rj GK jvd Gm RvjvUvi gyL XvKbv jvwMq w`j| Zvici nvmZ nvmZ wPrKvi Kj ejj - eCgvb `Z Gevi wbRK iv Ki| Zvi cwZv wbq Avevi kZvxi ci kZvx Rj Wye _vK| `Le, Gevi K ZvK iv Ki| GB ej Rj RvjvUvK Avevi b`xZ dj w`j|
[Avie Dcbvm Avwjd jvqjv _K QvUì Rb msKwjZ]
Avgvi evsjv eB 41
cvV wkwL
1. Rb wbB K Kvwnbx Avwjd jvqjv ev Avie iRbx Aviexq M njI Avmj Kvwnbxjvi Rb cvPxb wgki| 1001 wU KvwnbxwfwK AvieiRbxi Mjv jvKi gyL gyL wdiZ wdiZ AwaKvskB msMnxZ nqQ evM`vì Lwjdv nvib Ai ikxì Avgj (764-809 wL.) Ges dvZgxq (968-1171 wL.) I gvgjyK (1250-1382 wL.) ivReski mgq| Avmj gwLK jvKK_vjv GK nvZ, GK mgq, Ggb wK GK `ki jLv nq wb| c_g wjwLZ icI cqQ cvPxb cviwmK fvlvq nvRvi Avdmvbv ev nvRvi M bvg| gvNj Avgj G Kvwnbxjv gacvP _K G `k GmQ| Mjv GLb wek mvwnZ RMZi mc`| 2. wbPi k`jvi A_ Rb wbB, evK wjwL Rj grm wkKvix| Rjiv gvQ eP msmvi Pvjvq| KvqKk kvixwiK cwikg Ki| kwgKiv KvqKk Rxebhvcb Ki| Rivb AwZevwnZ Kiv, hvcb| m Lye Kv w`b Rivb Ki| gwR BQv, mwZ| gwR nj GLb Zzwg Mvb MvBZ cvi| Rvjv weivU gvwUi cv wekl| Rvjvi ga w`ZwU ew` wQj| Abvnvi Dcevm, bv Lq _vKv| Mwie jvKwU Kvbv Kvbv w`b Abvnvi KvUvq| MvZvwK Aciva, Awbqg| wkK ejjb, Zzwg MvZvwK KiQ, gvd PvI| bwme fvM, A`| Avgvi bwme fvjv| e`bwme g` fvM| e`bwme QjwUi cixvi AvMi ivZ Ri nj| kZ mv`v, aej| ZvRgnj kZ cv_i viv wbwgZ| Avv fimv, wekvm| iwngi Ici mKji Avv AvQ| Rei welg, `viY| ZvgvK GKwU Rei Lei è| eCgvb AKZ, wekvmNvZK| mevB eCgvbK NYv Ki| cwZv kc_, AxKvi| mevi DcKvi Kie G Avgvi cwZv| gvni ^Ygy`v, GLvb wmj ev bvgi Qvc| cixvi Dicjv gvni Ki `vI|
Avgvi evsjv eB 42
3. k~bvb c~iY Kwi K. m cwZw`b b`xZ Ki Rvj djZ| L. ejZ ejZ Rj evii gZv RvjUv Quyo gvij| M. Zvgvi Rb - GKUv Lei wbq GmwQ| N. Kb Zzwg AvgvK PvBQ? O. `Z Gevi ejj, Zvgvi Kx be? 4. Wvb w`K _K k eQ wbq evg w`Ki ki m gjvB Mwie Rj gvwUi ùvZ KvPi Lei Kzwj jvKRb Rei weMo ev`kvni Rvjv Kogo cvwKq gRvR UzKiv 5. wbPi kjvi DPviY I evbvb Rb wbB KvqKk, KmiZ, e_, welY, `xNkvm, wevwiZ, Kzwj, fqsKi, Avv AvZ, we`vnx, wekZ| 6. wbPi ckjvi Di ewj I wjwL K. Rji msmvi Kxfve PjZK ? L. Rvjv `L Rj Kx fvej ? M. Rvjv _K Kx ei nq Avmj ? N. `ZwU `LZ Kgb wQj ? O. ev`kvn Kb `ZK ew` KiwQjb ? P. `Z Kb RjK gviZ PqwQj? Q. Rj Kgb Ki `Zi nvZ _K wbRK iv Kij ? 7. MwU co Kx wkLjvg, Zv wjwL|
Avgvi evsjv eB 43
Kzgov I cvwLi K_v

[Mvg _K `~i ebi avi, wbRb RvqMvq wQj GK PvjKzgovi jZv| jZvq wQj GKwU gv PvjKzgov| `LZ ek MvjMvj Avi Mvq QvU QvU iuvqv| QvU Kzj MvQ Rovbv jZvq PvjKzgovUv SzjwQj| mKvj nj| wkwki Rg AvQ Nvm I jZvcvZvq| PvjKzgov I wkwki K_v ejQ-] wkwki : I Kzgov fvB, fvjv AvQ Zv? Kzgov : nuv fvjv| Zzwg? wkwki : AvwgI fvjv| Kzgov : Zywg Lye fvjv| ivR Zzwg Avgvi Mv ayBq `vI| gb Kx h dzwZ jvM| wkwki : ew bv Avmv ch IUvB Avgvi KvR| Avwg MvQcvjv, Nvm, jZvcvZvi Mv ayBq w`B| Iiv Kgb myì nq IV| (Ggb mgq Pviw`K Avvjv dzUj, iv` DVj|) iv` : I Kzgov, Zzwg Kgb AvQ ? Kzgov : Zvgvi `qvq AvwQ fvB| fviivZ wkwki Mv ayBq w`q MQ| GLb Mvq Zvgvi AuvP jvMQ| gbUv LywkZ fi DVQ| wkwki : Avwg GLb hvB PvjKzgov, Kgb? iv` DVQ, GLb Avgvi hvIqvi cvjv| Pwj Zv nj| Kzgov : hvI fvB, ivZ Avevi `Lv ne| (Ggb mgq `vqj cwL Gj| cvKv LZ LZ `vqj ej) `vqj : Kx PgrKvi cvKv! Zzwg Lve Kzgov fvB? Kzgov : bv fvB,Ime Avgvi Lv` bq eis Iiv Avgvì `ykgb| Iì Rvjvq KUv dzjI dj nZ cvi bv| cvKvjv me Lq mvevo Ki| `vqj : ivR Zvgvi jZvq ewm, cvZvq ewm| Zzwg ivM Ki bv Zv Avevi? Kzgov : ivM Kie Kb? Zzwg Avgvì DcKvix ez| Zvgvi Mvb Avgvi Lye fvjv jvM| `vqj : Zzwg ejj Avi Kx ne! gvbyliv h Avgvì euvPZ w`j bv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 44
Kzgov
`vqj : Kzgov :
`vqj : Kzgov :
`vqj :
iv` Kzgov iv`
: : :
evZvm Kzgov
: :
m Kx K_v! gvbylivB Zv mevi ez| GB `L bv, AvgvK GKUv cvwL GLvb wbq GmQ ej GLvb Pviv _K MvQ nqwQ| gvbyli evwoZ _vKj AvgvK gvPv Ki w`Z| Zv w`Z wVK| wK ebi MvQcvjv KU mvd KiQ Zv gvbyl| cvwL Avi RxeRI Lvq IB gvbyl| ai ai LuvPvq fi ivL| Zvnj Zv Lye Lvivc ejZ nq| Ze GKw`b gvbyli myeyw wbqB ne| Ke Avi ne! gvbyl gvbylK gvivi Rb KZ iKg A evbvQ, evgv gviQ| AvRKvj bwQ gvbyl MvQcvjv evovevi K_v ejQ| hyi wei AbK K_v ejQ| iv` DVQ `L| cvZvq coQ iv`| kKo Gb w`Q cwb| cvZvi ga Avgvi bvbvevbv nQ| IB Lq Avwg w`b w`b evowQ| Zvgvì Zv fvwi mywea| Avgvì `L mvivw`b Wvj Wvj cvKv LuyRZ nq| hvB Zvnj IB w`KUvq LuyR `wL| ci Avevi Avme| (GB ej `vqj dzoyr Ki Do Mj) Zzwg Zv Lye myì K_v ej| GZY ai Avwg Zvgvì K_v bwQjvg| Avgvi cksmvI KiwQj ek| DcKvixi DcKvi ^xKvi KivB Zv DwPZ| Zzwg nQ mevi DcKvix| ZvgvK Qvov `ywbqv APj| AvwgI Avwm H m~h _K| Zzwg wVKB ejQ| m~hK wNiB cw_ex NyiQ, NyiQ Avi me Mn| (Ggb mgq evZvm eBj| `vj Lj Kzgov| evZvm K_v ejj|) ay Mn bq, Zvì DcMnivI m~hi Rb euP AvQ| Puvì Avjv Avgvi Lye fvjv jvM|
Avgvi evsjv eB 45
evZvm Kygov
: :
UybUywb Kygov UybUywb
: : :
Kygov
AvgvK Zvgvi Kgb jvM? Avwg hLb ZvgvK Quyq hvB ZLbZvgvi Rb dyj _K dyj civM hvq| ZvZ dyj _K dj nq| fvgiv Avi ggvwQI G KvR mvnvh Ki| UybUywb cvwLI dyj _K dyj civM wbq hvq| Avgiv Gfve GK Acii mvnvh eo nB, euP _vwK| (Ggb mgq ebi wdO, wUq I evbii PPuvgwP iy nq Mj| Kygov jZvq Syj AvQ| evZvmI wKQy bv ej m w`K QyUj| Kygov GKv nq Mj| nVvr GKUv UybUywb Do Gm ejZ jvMj-) gvbyli K_v Avi evjv bv| MvQ gvbylK dyj, dj, Qvqv `q, Zey Zviv MvQ KU DRvo Ki| Kx nqQ fvB? MvQ KvUvi K_v b Avgvi Lye fq KiQ| ebi fZi K hb Pvl Kivi Rb MvQcvjv KU Rwg KiQ| Zvici mB Wvjcvjv cvovbvi Rb Avb w`qQ, Avi mB Avb Pviw`K Qwoq coQ| m GK fxlY Kv| Zvici?
Avgvi evsjv eB 46
UybUywb Kzgov UzbUzwb
: : :
Kzgov
UybUywb
Kygov
UybUywb
GLb ekvL gvm, cvZv, Wvjcvjv me wKq MQ| Kv_v _K nvIqvI Gm RyUQ| `vD `vD Ki RjQ me wKQy| GLb Dcvq! Avb GLvb Avme bv Zv? H wUq, wdO, ùvoKvK, evbi, fvjyK mevB wgj QvUvQywU PPuvgwP Ki eb Zvjcvo Ki ZyjQ| PPuvgwPZ gvbyl QyU GmQ| Avb bfvQ| H gvbylB Avb w`qQ, Avevi gvbylB QyU GmQ Avb bfvZ? Avwg eywS bv gvbyl Kb Ggb Ki! Zv nj Zv AbK ccvwL cyo giQ| AbK Rv MvQcvjv cyo MQ| Zvgvi Uvbv Kv_vq? Avwg mLvb GKUyLvwb DuwK gviZ wMqwQjvg| Uvbv ejj, Gw`K Gm mKjK mZK Ki w`Z! Uvbv `vqji mev KiQ| `vqji Mvq bvwK GKUy AuvP jMQ| Zvgiv fvB Lye fvjv| GKRbi wec` AviKRbK Lei `vI, LuvRLei wbZ cvi| Avi Avgvì MvQi m Syj _K me KiZ nq| Avwg hvB| KvVweovwj eyì Lei wbq Avwm| (GB ej UybUywb dzo~r Ki Do Mj| Kzgov Avevi GKv| Gw`K ivì m, gvwUi m, KzjMvQi m K_v ejZ ejZ Kygov w`b w`b evoZ jvMj| elv Gj, PjI Mj| kiZ PvjKygov cK gvwUZ Si coj| Zvici GKw`b `vqjK `Lv Mj mB Kyj MvQ|)
Avgvi evsjv eB 47
I Kygov fvB, Zzwg Kv_vq? ZvgvK `LwQ bv Kb? (gvwUZ KqKwU Pviv DVQ| Iiv PvjKygovi Pviv| Iiv ejj) PvjKygovi Pviv : Zywg K fvB? KvK LuyRQ? `vqj : GLvb GKUv PvjKygov MvQ wQj| Avi wQj GKUv myì Kygov| Pviv : I, Avgvì gvqi K_v ejQ? Avgiv ZviB Pviv| gv KqK w`b nj Avgiv ùvovZ wkLwQ| gv Avgvì me K_v ejQ| Zvgvi K_vI ejQ| `vqj : Kx ejQ? Pviv : ejQ ZvgvK gvqi Lei w`Z| ebi ccvwLiv mB Avbi nvZ _K euP MQ wK bv Rvbvi Lye BQ wQj Zvi| `vqj : mB fqvbK Avbi K_v Avi gb KiZ PvB bv| `ytL Ki K_v hZ fyj _vKv hvq ZZB fvjv| Zvi Pq Avwg Zvgvì Mvb kvbvB| nvIqvq nvIqvq Zvgiv bvPZ iy Ki Avi Avwg Mvbi myi Zywj| (1996 wkveli cg kYxi Avgvi eB _K MnxZ)
`vqj :
cvV wkwL
wbRb `ykgb civM Rbkb, wbwiwewj| wbRb b`xi Zxi ivLvj Mvb MvBQ| ky| cvKv dmji ky| dzji iYy| gyL dzji civM gL jZvi `vjbvq `yje|
2. K_vjv eyS wbB

iv` DVQ Zv, GLb Avgvi hvIqvi cvjv iv` DVj wkwki wKq hvq| m Rb wkwki G K_v ejQ| Zywg Avgvì DcKvix ey AbK cvKv-gvKo MvQi wZ Ki| `vqj cvwL mme Lq dj| ZvB, Kzgov `vqjK DcKvix ey ejQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 48
cvZvi ga Avgvi ivbvevbv nPQ - MvQ iv` co, kKo gvwU _K im msMn Ki| GB iv` I im _K cvZv MvQi Rb Lvevi Zwi Ki| GRbB Kzgov ejQ cvZvq Zvi ivbvevbv nQ| dyj _K dyj civM hvq- cZK dyj civM _vK| GK dyj _K AviK dzj civM Mj ZeB dj nq| evZvm, ggvwQ, fvgiv I cvwL dyj _K dyj civM wbq hvq|
3. wbPi ckjvi Di wjwL

K. L. M. N. O. P. `vqj cvwL Kygovi Kx DcKvi Ki ? gvbyli weiy `vqj cvwL Kx Kx AwfhvM KiQ ? UybUywb KzgovK Kx Lei w`j ? eb Avb jM Kx wZ nj ? Avb bfvZ Kviv QyU Gj ? kirKvj KyjMvQ wdi Gm `vqj cvwL Kx `Lj ? Kzgov I cvwLi K_v _K Avgiv hv wkLwQ Zv cuvPwU evK wjwL| Amywea Kyeyw wb`v KyrwmZ wZ ey AcKvix
4. Wvb w`K _K wecixZ kjv eQ wbB

jvf `ykgb DcKvix myeyw mywea cksmv myì
5. GK K_vq ewj
h DcKvixi DcKvi ^xKvi Ki KZ h DcKvixi AcKvi Ki KZN h ewk K_v ej evPvj h wnsmv Ki wnsmyK|
Avgvi evsjv eB 49
Zzjbv
kL dRjj Kixg mvZ kZ vk Kwiqv gY vbxi A^lY, mnmv GK`v cj m cexY Kvbv GK gnvRb| avj, n vbx| AvKvki Pq DPZv ewk Kvi? vbx ej, evQv, mZi Pq DuPy bvwn wKQy Avi| cybt m Kwnj, cw_exi Pq IRb fvix Kx AvQ? vbx ej, evQv, wbcvc Rb `vlvivc Kiv wgQ| wRvm cybt, cv_ii Pq Kx AvQ AwaK k? vbx ej, evQv, mB h `q RM`xk-cg-f| Kwnj Avevi, Abji Pq Dvc ewk Kvi? vbx ej, evQv, Clvi KvQ ewZvcI Qvi| cywQj cw_K, eidi Pq kxZj wK wKQy bvB? vbx ej, evQv, ^Rb-wegyL `q h wVK ZvB| avj m Rb, mvMi nBZ K AwaK abevb? vbx ej, evQv, Zy `q Zviv Pq Mixqvb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 50
cvV wkwL
1. KweZvi gjfve Rb wbB
vbxi `wZ cw_exZB mZ, cvccyY, Clv, cKZ abevb K BZvwì D`vniY Qwoq AvQ| GKUy Mfxi `w w`q Zyjbv KijB Zv Avgiv eySZ cvwi| vbx ewi `wZ mZ nQ wngvjqi Pq DuPy Ges AbK eo I gnr| Zgwb cw_exZ mePq fvix nQ wblvcK `vlvivc Kiv, Avi Avbi Dvci PqI fqven nQ wnsmv I Clv| Avi mePq Vvv nQ cxwZnxb `q| vbxi `wZ mvMii PqI m`kvjx nQ Afveevanxb Zy ewi `q|

`yB gvBji wKQy ewk| kni _K Avgvì Mvgi evwo hZ `yB vk c_ nuvUZ nq| A^lY LuvR, Abymvb|wkKvix evN wkKvii A^lY eb Nyi eovq| cexY cvPxb, we, wePY| cexY jvKK mvb KiZ nq| gnvRb cLvZ ew, avwgK ew, gnr h Rb| (gnvRb ejZ G KweZvq gnr ewK evSvbv nqQ)| gnvRb ew mKji kvi cv| avj wRm Kij| (avj kwU mvaviYZ KweZvq eeZ nq)| wblvc cvckb| wkiv dyji gZ wblvc| `vlvivc `vl Ìqv| bv Rb KvDK `vlvivc KiZ bB| RM`xk Cki| RM`xk AvgvìK bvqi c_ Pvjbv Kib| Abj Avb| wnsmyU jvK me`v wnsmvi Abj Rjcyo gi| Clv cikxKvZiZv, cii myL `L KvZiZv| Clv Kiv fvjv bq| ewZvc Avbi Dvc| ivRvi vai ewZvc _K cRvi iv cvIqv mnR bq| vk
Avgvi evsjv eB 51
wRm Kij, RvbZ PvBj| (cyQ kwU Avmj evsjv bq, wnw` k| cyQ& + Bj = cywQj KweZvq eeZ nq)| ^Rb-wegyL Avxqi cwZ fvjvevmvnxb| Zvi gZv ^Rb-wegyL jvK Avi `wLwb| Zz Z, Avbw`Z, Lywk| ewk jvf bv Ki A Zy nIqv fvjv| Mixqvb ghv`vc~Y, Miemcb| mB ew Mixqvb, h `wi`K mvnvh Ki| cywQj
3. K_vjv Rb wbB
mZi Pq DuPz bvwn wKQy Avi mZ KLbI Pvcv _vK bv, mZK nvRvi PvZI XK ivLv hvq bv| mZ wbR YB cKvwkZ nq co| mRb h ew mZwb wZwb KvDK fq cvb bv| ZvB ejv nq mZi cZvKv me mgq DbZ, mZ KviI KvQ gv_v bZ Ki bv| wblvc Rb `vlvivc Kiv wgQ wblvc gvbylK `vl Ìqv DwPZ bq| Zuviv mgvR I `ki Mie| mB h `q RM`xk-cg-f mekwgvb Ckii cwZ AbyMZ I f ew KLbI Abvq KvR Kib bv| Abvq I AmZi weiy Zuvi `q cv_ii PqI KwVb| Clvi KvQ ewZvcI Qvi Clvi hYv Avb cyo hvIqvi PqI KKi| KviY Clvw^Z ew gb KLbI kvw-myL cvq bv| Abi myL m K cvq| ^Rb-wegyL `q h wVK ZvB h gvbyl Zvi wbRi Avxq-^Rbi cwZ wegyL Zvi Pq nZfvMv Avi KD nZ cvi bv| m KviI fvjvevmv cvq bv| Avi fvjvevmvnxb gvbyli `q eidi PqI Vvv| Zy `q ZviI Pq Mixqvb nvwm gyL Avi my `q h gvbyl mKji m gjvgkv Ki m mKji wcq nq| mevB ZvK kv Ki I fvjvevm| G Rb mB gvbylK mvMii PqI ewk abevb ejv nqQ, KviY mKji fvjvevmvB Zvi m`|
Avgvi evsjv eB 52

K. L. M. N. O. AvKvki Pq DPZv Kvi ewk ? cw_exi Pq IRb fvix Kx ? cv_ii Pq k Kx ? Avbi Pq Kvi Dvc ewk ? eidi Pq kxZj wK wKQy AvQ? mwU Kx ? Zviv Pq Mixqvb bvwn wKQy Avi ewZvcI Qvi Kiv wgQ
5. `y cvki K_vjv wgwjq cwo

mZi Pq DuPy Zy `q wblvc Rb `vlvivc Clvi KvQ
6. Kwe cwiwPwZ
kL dRjj Kixg 1882 mvj iscyi Rjvi KvwKbv Mvg RbMnY Kib| mij mvwnZYmb M`, bxwZ I Dc`kgjK KweZv I gymwjg gnxqmx bvixì Rxebx iPbv Ki wZwb LvwZ jvf Kib| Zuvi iwPZ wkZvl M mvbvi evwZ I nviyb-Ai-ikxì M DjLhvM| ivRwl Geivwng, wewe Lvw`Rv, wewe iwngv, c_ I cv_q Zvui weLvZ M| 1936 wLv wZwb gZyeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 53
Wi Mvwe`P` è
AavcK gywbivgvb
Wv : dRj ivex
Avgiv Zuvì fyje bv

30 j cvYi wewbgq Avgiv cqwQ wcq ^vaxbZv| 1971 mvj bq gvmevcx hy knx` nqQb G `ki AmsL gvbyl| Zuvì ga AvQb KlK, gRyi, Qv, wkK, ivRbxwZwe`, cywjk, mwbK, miKvwi KgKZv, bvbv ckvRxex, bvixcyil I wk| `kevmx AvR Zuvì Rb Meeva Ki| 1971 mvji 25k gvP Mfxi ivZ XvKvi wbixn gvbyli Ici eei AvgYUv i Ki cvwKZvwb mbviv| wbwePvi nZvi cvkvcvwk Zviv Vvv gv_vq cwiKwZfve GK GK nZv Ki G`ki eiY ewì| XvKv I XvKvi evBi cyiv `ki bvbv ckvi gavex gvbylì nZv Kivi Rb ZvwjKv Ki Zviv| G`ki ^vaxbZvweivax ivRvKvi, Avjeì, Avjkvgm& evwnbxi gvag AZZ wbzifve nZvi G bxj bKkv evZevqb Ki|
Avgvi evsjv eB 54
25k gvP gaivZ Zviv AvgY Pvjvq XvKv wekwe`vjq-QvQvxì nj, wkKì evwoZ evwoZ| XvKv wekwe`vjqi wevbi wkK wQjb Gg. gywbivgvb| cP Mvjvwji k b wZwb cwe Kvivb kwid coZ emwQjb| IB Aev _KB ZuvK ai, Ub wnuPo wbq hvq cvwKZvwb mbviv| IB evwoZB wbP Zjvq _vKZb BsiwRi LvwZgvb AavcK RvwZgq nVvKziZv| nvbv`vi evwnbx Ni _K ZuvKI ai wbq hvq| Zvici `yRbKB wbPi wmuwoZ wbq wj Ki| G evwoi Lye KvQB _vKZb `kbi hk^x AavcK Mvwe`P` è| wbinsKvi, mnR-mij GB vbx gvbylwUi gyL nvwm jMB _vKZ me mgq| GKB ivZ wjwe nq W. Mvwe`èmn knx` nb Aviv KqKRb wkK|
AvjZvd gvngy`
W. RvwZgq nVvKziZv
gvdvj nvq`vi Payix
cvwKZvwb mbvevwnbx Avi Zvì `vmiiv RvbZ, mvsevw`KivI Zvì Rb wecbK| ZvB Zviv KqKwU msev`c AwdmI IB ivZ Avb jvwMq `q|
Avgvi evsjv eB 55
cwZfvevb mvwnwZK Ges mvsevw`K knx` mvei m ivZ NygqwQjb `wbK msev` Kvhvjq| Avbi jwjnvb wkLvq m-ivZ mLvbB b nq gviv hvb wZwb| knx` nb mcvw`Kv mwjbv cvifxb| cwZfvgqx Kwe wQjb gnibmv, gv cuwPk eQi eqmB wZwb knx` nb|
Wv: Avjxg Payix
Av. b. g Mvjvg gvZdv wmivRDwb nvmb
mwjbv cvifxb
XvKvmn mviv `k gywhyi cyiv mgqUv ai NU Ggb AbK wbgg nZvi NUbv| axi`bv_ ` wQjb cLvZ ivRbxwZwe` I AvBbRxex| 1948 mvj cvwKZvb MYcwil` wZwbB c_g evsjv fvlvK ivfvlv Kivi `vwe KiwQjb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 56
85 eQii e axi`bv_ `K Zuvi Kzwgjvi evwo _K ai wbq wMq cvwKZvwbiv ZvK nZv Ki| 84 eQii e hvMkP` Nvl Rxebi ewkifvM mgq imvqbi Aavcbv KiQb| GK mgq wZwb wQjb XvKvi RMbv_ KjRi Aa| Zuvi cwZwZ Avqye`xq cwZvb wQj Lye weLvZ| 78 eQi eqmx iY`vcmv` mvnv RbwQjb Mwiei Ni| wbRi Pvq AbK eo nqwQjb| RbwnZKi AbK KvR KiwQjb ej ZuvK ejv nZ `vbexi| PMvgi Kzkixi cwZvZv, weLvZ mgvRmeK bZzbP` wmsn| Zuviv mevB wbgg nZvi wkKvi nb| wkKvi nb myi mvaK AvjZvd gvngy`| Avgvi fvBqi i ivvbv GKzk deqvwi MvbwUZ myi w`q Agi nq AvQb|
knx`yjv Kvqmvi
gybxi Payix
Avbvqvi cvkv
gywhyi kli w`K gywevwnbxi m hvM `q fviZxq mbvevwnbx| cvwKZvwb mbiv ZvZ Aviv wecvK co hvq, nq co KvYVvmv| eySZ cvi Zvì civRq mywbwZ| ZvB Zviv evsjv`ki Ac~iYxq wZ Kivi loh Ki| G`ki wPZvwe`, wkvwe` I mRbkxj ewì nZv Kivi Rb bZzbfve cwiKbv Ki| ^vaxbZvweivax ivRvKvi, Avjeì, Avjkvgm& evwnbxi mnvqZvq Zviv Zv evZevqb Ki| 1971 mvji 10 _K 14B wWmîi ga XvKvi evwo evwo _K Zz j wbq hvq `ki wewk I c w Zfvevb gvby l K| Gu ì ga wQjb XvKv wek w e`vjqi evsjvi AavcK gy b xi Pay i x, gvdvj nvq`vi Pay i x I
Avgvi evsjv eB 57
Avbvqvi cvkv; BwZnvmi AavcK mZvlP` fvPvh I wMqvmDwb Avng`; BsiwRi AavcK ivkx`yj nvmvb| wQjb mycwiwPZ mvwnwZK-mvsevw`K knx`yjv Kvqmvi, mvsevw`K wmivRDxb nvmb, wbRvgDxb Avng` I Av.b.g Mvjvg gvdv; LvZbvg wPwKrmK dRj ivex, Avyj Avjxg Payix I gvnv` gvZRv| AavcK gybxi Payix wQjb cLvZ bvUKvi I KZx wkK| AavcvK gvdvj nvq`vi Payix wQjb iwe`bv_i kvwwbKZbi KZx Qv| AavcK Avbvqvi cvkv KweZv I Dcbvm wjLQb| `k ^vaxb nIqvi ci Guì ZweZ jvk cvIqv wMqwQj wgicyi I ivqievRvi eaf~wgZ, Kviv Kviv jvkI cvIqv hvqwb| Zuvì iY Avgiv cwZeQi 14B wWmîK knx` eywRxex wèm wnme cvjb Kwi| GB knx`ì i wfR AvQ evsjv`ki gvwU| hgb Zuvì Rb wfR AvQ ^Rbì PvL| `ki Rb huviv cvY w`jb, Zuviv G `ki k mZvb, Zuviv Avgvì AwZ AvcbRb, cigvZxq| Zuvì cvYi wewbgq Avgiv evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv cqwQ| Avgiv Zuvì fyje bv| kwdDj Avjg
cvV wkwL
1. Avgiv Zuvì fzje bv jLvwUi gjfve Rb wbB evsjv`ki ^vaxbZvi Rb Avgvì Pig gj w`Z nqQ| cvq b gvmi gywhy cvY`vb KiQb G `ki ARm gvbyl| Zuvì ga AvQb KlKkwgK-Qv-wkK-cywjk-mbvevwnbxi m`mmn bvbv ckvi gvbyl| cvY w`qQb AbK miKvwi - emiKvwi PvKwiRxex| 25k gvP gvS ivZ bksmfve nZv Kiv nqQ G `ki eywRxexì, wbixn gvbylì| gywhyi kl chvq 14B wWmîi ga cwiKwZfve nZv Kiv nqQ `ki LvZbvgv eiY ewì| cvwKvwb mbviv G `ki gywhyweivax
Avgvi evsjv eB 58
`vmi ivRvKvi, Avjeì I Avj-kvgm& evwnbxi mnhvwMZvq GB wbgg nZvKv PvwjqQ| AbK gjevb cvYi wewbgq, AbKi ZvMi wewbgq Avgiv wcq ^vaxbZv ARb KiwQ| huvì gnvb ZvM I cvY`vb Avgvì ^vaxbZvi mv_ wgk AvQ, Avgiv Zuvì fyje bv|
2. kjvi A_ I eenvi wkwL

eiY wbwePvi Vvv gv_vq kvi m eiY Kivi hvM, gvb| AbK eiY wkK ^vaxbZvi Rb cvY`vb KiQb| Kvbv iKg evQ-wePvi Qvov| 25k gvP Mfxi ivZ cvwKvwb mbvevwnbx XvKvq wbwePvi nZv PvwjqQ| axi my, gv_v Vvv iL| cvwKvwb mbviv Vvv gv_vq G `ki mvaviY I wbixn gvbylK nZv KiQ| cwiKwZfve cwiKbv Ki, AvM _K wVKVvK Ki| cvwKZvwb mbviv cwiKwZfve eywRxexì nZv KiQ| gavex bxj bKkv gavmb, eywgvb, axgvb|Zlv LyeB gavex gq| Nievwo wbgvYi AvM evwoi cwiKbv h bxj KvMR AvuKv nq ZvK bxj bKkv ev Blue Print ej| kvwK A_i evBiI Gi GKwU wfb A_ AvQ| lohgjK Kvbv nxb KvR Kivi ce cwiKbvK bxj bKkv ejv nq| cvwKZvwb mbviv G `ki eywRxexì nZv Kivi Rb GKwU bxj bKkv Zwi KiwQj| KvYVvmv GK RvqMvq Ave nq _vKv, Amyweavq cov| m`v mZ K_v ejvq myifx AvcvK wb`yKiv KvYVvmv Ki iLQb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 59

K. civRq mywbwZ Rb cvwKvwb mbvevwnbx Kx loh KiwQj ? L. cvwKvb MYcwil` K, KLb evsjv fvlvK ivfvlv Kivi `vwe RvwbqwQjb ? M. `kbi AavcK Mvwe`P` è Kgb gvbyl wQjb ? N. Avgvi fvBqi i ivOvbv GKzk deyqvwi-MvbwUZ K myivivc KiQb ? O. cvwKvwb mbiv KLb KvYVvmv nq coj ? P. Kvb mvsevw`K-mvwnwZK msev` Awdm AwM` nq gviv hvb ? Q. wZb Rb knx` mvsevw`Ki bvg Kx Kx ? R. gybxi Payix Kb weLvZ wQjb ? S. knx` eywRxex ejZ Avgiv Kvì eywS ? T. Kvb w`b Kb Avgiv knx` eywRxex wèm cvjb Kwi ? U. Avgiv Zuvì fyje bv- Kvì fzje bv, Kb fyje bv ?
4. Avgvi Rvbv Kvbv knx` gywhvv mcK GKwU AbyQ` wjwL| 5. GK K_vq cKvk KiZ wkwL
K. L. M. N. O. wePvi bB Ggb - wbwePvi gav AvQ Ggb - gavex eiY Kivi hvM - eiY AnsKvi bB Ggb - wbinsKvi cwZfv AvQ Ggb - cwZfvevb
6.
wbPi kjv w`q evK iPbv Kwi

eei, cwiKwZfve, evevqb, invB, eafwg, RbwnZKi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 60
exik knx` gvZdv Kvgvj

Gwcj, 1971| cvwKvwb nvbv`vi evwnbx GwMq AvmQ evYevwoqvi w`K| Zvì weiy cwZiva Mo ZyjQ gywevwnbx| evYevwoqvK wNi Mo Zvjv nqQ wZbwU cwZiv NuvwU - AvM, DRvbxî Avi Gvimb Lvji cvo| wKy ZLbI `wY w`Ki wbivcv evwK| Kgvvii wb`k gywevwnbxi GKUv cvUyb Aevb wbj `wY - MvmvMii Di ìyBb Mvg| H cvUyb gv `k Rb gywmbv| Avi Zvi AwabvqK nQb wmcvwn gvnv` gvdv Kvgvj| gvdv Kvgvj Pwek eQii cvYe hyeK| cP AvcZqx| Zuvi mvnm, eyw I KgZrciZvq mevB gy|
Avgvi evsjv eB 61
gvdv Kvgvj wekvm KiZb, mbì gbvejB Avmj `yf` `yM| Avi Zvì mvnm hb `yMi `qvj| ZvB wZwb gv `k Rb gywmbv wbq ìyBb Mvg cwZiv NuvwU AvMjvevi mvnm Kijb| 16B Gwcj, 1971| gvdv Kvgvj Lei cjb cvwKvwb nvbv`vi evwnbx Kywgjv- AvLvDov ijjvBb ai GwMq AvmQ| Zvì j gywevwnbxi cwZiva uwoq w`q evYevwoqv `Lj Kiv| gv `k Rb mb wbq kwkvjx cvwKvwb evwnbxK gvKvejv Kiv eve Ame| ZvB wZwb Kgvvii KvQ Lei cvVvjb Aviv gywmbv cvVvZ| 17B Gwcj, 1971| fviejv cvwKvwb nvbv`vi evwnbx ìyBb Mvg gywmbvì Ici MvjvelY iy Kij| gvdv Kvgvj eySZ cvijb, GZ Kg kw wbq Iì gvKvejv Kiv hve bv| ZvB wZwb AveviI Kgvvii KvQ msev` cvVvjb Riywi mbv mnvqZvi Rb| wKy evowZ mbv Zv ìi K_v, `y-wZb w`b ai Zvì wbqwgZ Lvevi mieivnI e| wPvq Awi nq DVjb gvdv Kvgvj| mKj wgj Aevb wbjb cwiLvi ga| `ycyii w`K nvwej`vi gywbi Avngì bZZ GK cvUyb gywmbv ìyBb Mvg Gm cuQj| mB m LveviI Gj| wKQyUv ^wi wbtkvm coj ìyBb wbivcv NuvwUZ| G w`K cvwKvwb wkwei _K MvjvelYI nj e| 18B Gwcj, 1971| mKvj ejv| mviv AvKvk Kvjv gN XK Mj| Ckvb KvY _K AvmZ jvMj ewfRv kxZj evZvm| gywmbviv fvejb, ew Gj `ykgbì nvgjv _K wKQyUv invB wgje| mviv mKvj wbweN KvUj| cvwKvwb evwnbxi NuvwU _K Kvbv iKg MvjvelY nj bv| Kej Iì GKUv nwjKvi Do Mj cwg - DRvbxî cyji w`K| ejv GMviUv| iy nj cP ew| Avi mB m iy nj kyi MvjvelY| GwMq AvmZ _vKj cvwKvwb evwnbx| Zviv Aevb wbj gvMiv evRvi I MvmvMi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 62
ejv eviUvq AvgY Aviv cej nq DVj| gywhvvì cvv wj Zvi mvgb hb wKQyB bv| nVvr GKUv wj Gm weuaj gwkbMvbavix gywevwnbxi eyK| m m e nq Mj gwkbMvb| gvdv Kvgvj cvkB wQjb| wZwb gynZ `wi bv Ki PvjvZ jvMjb wj| gywmbviv kyi AvgYi AvKwKZv, `yZZv I ZxeZvq nq coj nZwenj| cvwKvwb nvbv`viiv msLvq AbK| m fvwi Ak| Zviv `wY, cwg I Di w`K _K GwMq AvmQ ìyBbi w`K| gywhvviv msLvq Kg| fvix Ak Zvì Zgb bB| G Aevq Zvì mvgb Kej `ywU c_ Lvjv - nq mvgbvmvgwb hy Ki gZyeiY Kiv, bv nq ce w`K w`q wcQy nU wbivc` Avkq Pj hvIqv| wKy wcQy nUZ njI wKQyUv mgq ìKvi| ZZY Aweivg wj Pvwjq VwKq ivLZ ne nvbv`vi `ykgbì| G `vwqZ K be? Aviv GK Rb Xj coj kyi wjZ| cvUyb Kgvvi gvdv Kvgvj cwiLvi ga mvRv nq ùvwoq PvjvZ jvMjb wj - Di, `wY, cwg| bq Rb gywmbv Gi gaB wbnZ njb| Aviv `k Rb njb AvnZ| wcQy bv nUj mevi gZy AeavwiZ| G cwiwwZZ gvdv Kvgvj wmv wbjb, wZwb GKvB ky VKveb| GKvB wj Pvwjq hveb| gywmbvì hgb KiB nvK euvPvZ ne| wZwb mnhvvì `yZ wcQy nUvi wb`k w`jb| Zviv gvdvK GKv dj hZ bvivR| wKy gvdv Zuvi wmv AUj| wZwb ejjb, Avcbvì Awej^ wcQy nUZB ne| Zv bv nj `ykgbiv mevBK kl Ki è| wZwb Avevi Av`k w`jb, mgq b Kieb bv| mevB `yZ mi hvb| kl ch gvdv KvgvjK iL mnhvviv mevB Lye mveavb wcQy nUZ eva njb| cwiLvq ùvwoq AbeiZ wj Pvwjq hvQb gvdv Kvgvj| cvwKvwb nvbv`viiv GKevi KvQ Gm MQ| wKy Zuvi wji Zvo Zviv Avi mvgb GZ cviQ
Avgvi evsjv eB 63
bv| wZwb GKvB hb GKUv `yM| Zuvi A`g mvnm hb `yMi `yf` `qvj| nVvr GKUv Mvjv Gm coj cwiLvi ga| kyi Mvjvi AvNvZ Zuvi kixi SuvSiv nq Mj| wZwb kvnv`vZ eiY Kijb| wKy wbRi Av`vbi wewbgq iv cj mv_x gywmbvì gnvgjevb Rxeb| ìyBbi gvwUZ mgvwnZ nq AvQ exi gywmbv gvdv Kvgvji ZweZ `n| Zuvi Abgbxq `pZv I Av`vb G `kevmx Kvbvw`b fyje bv| wZwb Avgvì Me, Avgvì Mie| wZwb Avgvì AKyZvfq exik| evsjv`k miKvi ZuvK GB exik DcvwaZ f~wlZ Ki| W. gvneyeyj nK
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ Rb wbB I eenvi wkwL
cwZiva evav Ìqv| kyi AvgY cwZiva Kiv mwbKi KZe| wbivcv wec`nxb ev wbivc` Aev| Avgiv mevB Rxebi wbivcv PvB| cvUyb mbv`ji Dc-wefvM| mbv AwabvqK hy AviI KqK cvUzb mb cvVvjb| Kgvvi AwabvqK| whwb mbvì Av`k wb`k `b| Kgvvii Av`k mbiv mvgb GwMq Mj| AvcZqx wbRi Ici Avv AvQ Ggb| G KvR wZwb h_ AvcZqx| cwiLv kyi AvgY iva Kivi Rb Zix MZ| mbiv cwiLvi ga _K wj PvjvQ| nvwej`vi wmcvBì m`vi| nvwej`vii bZZ wmcvBiv RvqMvUv cvnviv w`Q|
Avgvi evsjv eB 64
^w wbweN
DMgy Aev| wec` KU hvIqvq mevB ^wi wbtkvm djj| wbivc`, evavnxbfve| hvxiv wbweN b`x cvi nj| AvKwKZvq mbiv w`knviv nq coj|
AvKwKZv nVvr NU hvIqvi Aev| kyi AvgYi nZwenj AeavwiZ bvRyK bvivR Zvo nZeyw ev w`knviv Aev| nVvr Avb jvMvq ewi jvKiv nZwenj nq coj| wbwZ, AekB ne Ggb| gZy AeavwiZ RbI gywmbviv kyi weiy jovB KiQ| fyi, RwUj| cwiwwZ gB bvRyK nq DVj| ivwR bv Ggb, AmZ| mnhvvK GKv dj gywhvviv wcQy nVZ bvivR| mvZi eM| wji Zvo kyiv Avi GwMq AvmZ cviwQj bv|
2. Aviv Rb wbB exik knx` gvdv Kvgvj - GKvii gywhyi exi mwbK| Zuvi
Rb 1947 mvji 16B wWmî fvjv Rjvi `jZLvb _vbvi nvwRcyi Mvg| 20 eQi eqm wZwb cvwKvwb mbvevwnbxZ hvM `b| 1971 mvj gywhyi mgq hme evsjv`ki mwbK we`vn Ki gywhy hvM `b, wZwb Zuvì AbZg|
3. Dchy k eQ wbq evKjv m~Y Kwi

K. mbì Avmj `yf` `yM| L. wKQyUv wbtkvm coj ìyBb wbivcv NuvwUZ| M. mviv mKvj KvUj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 65
N. wKy nUZ njI wKQyUv mgq ìKvi| O. Zvi wji Zviv Avi mvgb GZ cviQ bv|
4. wecixZ k wjwL
mvnm wekvm kwkvjx me weN nvjKv gZz AvnZ ivwR `v fq
5. cvV AbymiY wbwjwLZ NUbvi cvk ZvwiLevPK k wjwL

K) cvwKvwb evwnbxi Kywgjvq cek 16 B Gwcj L) ì~Bb Mvg nvbv`vi evwnbxi MvjvelY M) gvdv Kvgvji kvnv`vZ eiY
Gevi Avgvì RvZxq wèmjvi cvk ZvwiLevPK k wjwL

K) knx` wèm 21k deyqvwi L) ^vaxbZv wèm M) evsjv beel N) knx` eywRxex wèm O) weRq wèm
Avgvi evsjv eB 66

K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. cvwKvwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi weiy Kviv, Kv_vq cwZiva Mo ZyjwQj ? evYevwoqvK wNi Kv_vq Kv_vq cwZiv NuvwU Mo Zvjv nq ? wbivcv Am~Y wQj Kvb w`K ? m Rb Kx Kiv nqwQj ? ìyBb Mvg Kv_vq ? mLvb Kviv Aevb wbqwQj ? gvdv Kvgvj Kx wekvm KiZb ? 16B Gwcj, 1971 gvdv Kvgvj Kgvvii KvQ Kx Lei cvwVqwQjb ? ìyBb wbivcv NuvwUZ ^wi wbtkvm eBj Kb ? gywmbviv Kb nZwenj nq cojb ? Zvì mvgb Kvb `ywU c_ Lvjv wQj ? Aewk mnhvvì Rxeb ivi Rb gvdv Kvgvj Kx wmv wbjb ? exi gywhvv gvdv Kvgvji Kei Kv_vq ? evsjv`k miKvi gvZdv KvgvjK Kx DcvwaZ fwlZ KiQ ?
7. exik knx` gvdv Kvgvj mcK `kwU evKi GKwU AbyPQ` wjwL|
Avgvi evsjv eB 67
GZ nvwm Kv_vq cj
RmxgD`&`xb GZ nvwm Kv_vq cj GZ K_vi LjLjvwb K w`qQ gyLwU fi Kvb ev MvOi KjKjvwb| K w`qQ iwOb VuvU Kjwg dyji jjvwb| K w`qQ Pjb-ejb Kvb m jZvi `yj`yjvwb| Kvì Ni iwOb cyZyj Avì h UyBUyevwb| K GbQ eiY Wvjvq cvUi ebi eDUyevwb| Kvì cvovq Svgyi Sygyi Kvì Avì MoMovwb Kvì `ki Kvb m Puvì RvQbv wdwbK dyjQovwb| Zvgvq Avì KiZ Avgvi gb h nj DoDovwb Do Mjvg myi cjvg Qovi Movi MoMovwb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 68
cvV wkwL
1. KweZvwUi g~jfve Rb wbB
Qv wki Av`yi gyL, Zvi Ava Ava fvlv mevi wcq| Qv wki K_v, Zvi Abvwej Aweij kQ hb b`xi KjKj ki gZv| wki LjLj nvwmK Kwe ejQb LjLjvwb| wki iwOb VuvU hb mv`v Kjwg dzji gZvB myì| wki nuvUv PjvI fvwi myì, hb MvQi cvZvq `vjv jvMvi gZv| Avmj Qv wki me wKQzB myì| wk mevi Avìi|
2. kjvi A_ Rb wbB
LjLjvwb MvO UzBUzevwb Svgyi Szgyi RvQbv wdwbK DoDovwb Qovi Movi MoMovwb LjLj k| wki K_vK Kwe ejQb LjLjvwb| Qv b`x| UBUz^yi, Kvbvq Kvbvq fiv| b~cyii k| wdbwK w`q Puvì RvQbv Qovbvi m`h| DWyDWy gbi fve| myì Qovi myi I Qì Mwoq hvIqvi k| KjKjvwb jjvwb MoMovwb LjLjvwb `yj`yjvwb eDUzevwb dzjQovwb wdwbK VuvU
3.
Wvb w`K _K k Gb Lvwj Ni emvB

(K) (L) (M) (N) (O) (P) (Q) (R) (S) GZ K_vi MvOi cvUi ebi Qovi Movi Kjwg dzji Kvb m jZvi Avì RvQbv iwOb
Avgvi evsjv eB 69
4. Lvwj RvqMvq KweZvi wVK jvBbwU wjwL

K. K w`qQ iwOb VuvU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .| L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .| cvUi ebi eDUzevwb| M. Kvì `ki Kvb m Puvì . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .|
5. KweZvwU Avew Kwi 6. Kwe cwiwPwZ

Kwe RmxgDxb 1903 wLvi 30k Avei dwi`cyi Rjvi Zv^yjLvbv Mvg RbMnY Kib| Mvg evOjvi cKwZ I mvaviY gvbyli Rxeb wbq wZwb KweZv wjLQb| Zuvi KweZvq cjxRxeb ewk DV GmQ ej ZuvK ejv nq cjxKwe| Ze wZwb AbK myì MÌ iPbv KiQb| Zuvi jLv gY Kvwnbx I AvZRxebx AZZ myì| wZwb QvUì Rb AbK myì jLv wjLQb| Zvi weLvZ KweZv Kei Ges weLvZ KveM bKkx Kuv_vi gvV I mvRb evw`qvi NvU| QvUì Rb Zuvi jLv Wvwjg Kzgvi, nvmy I GK cqmvi euvwk| wZwb 1976 mvji 14B gvP XvKvq gZzeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 70
Mvbi `k cvYi Djvm

Avgiv Mvb Kwi, MxZ MvB, Avi msMxZmvabv Kwi| GB mvabv evKwki A| gvbyl K_v ej, evK Zwi Ki, awb DPviY Ki Gjv evKwk bvg AwfwnZ| h myì Ki K_v ejZ cvi, mevB Zvi cksmv Ki| h myì Ki K_v ej ZvK ejv nq PvievK| ay K_v ejv bq, h myìfve Mvb KiZ cvi ZvK mevB fvjvevm| K bv fvjv Mvb bZ cQ` Ki? cvPxbKvj _K gvbyl fve cKvk Kivi Rb Mvb Ki GmQ| KvR Dxcbv mwi Rb kgRxex gvbyl mgî Mvb Ki _vK| GjvK ejv nq kgmsMxZ| kgRxex gvbyl Qv` cUvq Avi kg jvNe Kivi Rb mgî Qv` cUvbvi Mvb Mvq| avb KvUvi mgq, dmj Zvjvi mgq KlK Mvb Ki| Gfve gvbyl kgi m webv`bK hy Ki| ZLb kg nq IV Avb``vqK| evwoZ Rbw`bi Abyvb nj Qjgqiv Mvb Ki| weqi DrmeI Mvb MvIqv nq| gvbyli Avb` AvQ, `ytLI AvQ| Avb` cKvk Kivi Rb wKsev `ytL cKvk Kivi Rb gvbyl Mvb iPbv KiQ, mB Mvb MqQ| Abiv mB Mvb bQ| GBfve
Avgvi evsjv eB 71
Avengvb Kvj ai evsjv`ki gvbyl msMxZi RMZ wePiY KiQ| Qq FZzi `k evsjv`k| cwZwU FZzZ cKwZZ cwieZb NU| mB cwieZb Qvc dj gvbyli gb| gb Zvì h fve RvMZ nq ZviB cwZdjb NU K_vq, Kve, msMxZ| evsjv`ki cwZwU Aji bvbvwea ewk AvQ| Gme ewk cwZdwjZ nq Mvbi fve, K_vq Avi myi| m Rb AbKB G `kK ej Mvbi `k| Mvb kvbv hZ mnR, Mvb MvIqv ZZ mnR bq| msMxZmvabv GKwU KwVb KvR| msMxZ cvi`kx nevi Rb cwZw`b iIqvR KiZ nq| Dchy ii wklZ MnY Ki Zuvi wb`k Abyhvqx mvabv Kij msMxZ RMZ mvdj ARb Kiv me nq| myK MvqK Avi myKx MvwqKv mKji wcq nq DVZ cvi| wPiKvj GB Dcgnv`ki weLvZ msMxZ mvaKiv cw_exi gvbylK ggy Ki GmQb| mRb Zuviv mviv cw_exZ ckswmZ nqQb| AvevmDxb, Avyj Avjxg KmsMxZ Ges IZv` AvjvDwb Luv I IZv` AvqZ Avwj Luv h msMxZ Avgvì G `ki Mie| Zuviv wPiKvj msMxZ mvabv KiQb| m Rb Zuvì ejv nq msMxZ mvaK| msMxZi `yUv AvQ GK. KmsMxZ, `yB. hmsMxZ| mPivPi KmsMxZi cwic~iK wnme eeZ nq hmsMxZ| Ze ay KmsMxZ hgb me, Zgwb ay h-msMxZI me| euvwk, Xvj, Zejv,KiZvj, Lvj, Lwb, nvigvwbqvg, gv`j, GKZviv, `vZviv, mZvi, miv` GB iKg AbK ev`h eeZ nq KmsMxZi mnhvMx wnme| huviv Gme h eenvi Kib Zuvì wfb wfb bvg AvQ| euvwk evRvb whwb, wZwb eskxev`K; Xvj evRvb whwb, wZwb Xywj; Zejv evRvb whwb, wZwb ZejwP| Mvg evsjvi wewfb Aji mvaviY gvbyli gaI msMxZ PPvi HwZn AvQ| Gme MvbK mvavibfve jvKmsMxZ ejv nq| jvKmsMxZ mvaviY gvbyli evKcwZfvi ^Zt~Z Awfew| jvKmsMxZ mg Avgvì `ki Kvbv Aj AvQ fvIqvBqv, Kvbv Aj fvwUqvwi, Kvbv Aj evDj Mvb, Kvbv Aj AvQ gvBRfvvix| Gme AvwjK Mvbi ga bvixwkxìI Ae`vb AvQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 72
GjvK ejv nq gqwj MxZ| evsjv`ki gvbyl gbi bvbv fve msMxZi gvag cKvk Ki| avb Drcv`b Ki Avgiv Rxeb iv Kwi Avi Mvbi gvag Avgiv AZii AveM I cvYi Djvm cKvk Kwi| ZvB ejv nq avbi `k, Mvbi `k, GB Avgvì evsjv`k| gbmyi gymv
cvV wkwL
mvabv evKwk KVvi I AvZwiK cPv, Zcmv| wevbxì mvabvi dj gvbyli Rvbvi mxgv eoQ| K_v ejvi Kkj, DPviY mKh| KweZv Avew GK HwZnevnx evKwk|
Avgvi evsjv eB 73
AwfwnZ bvgvwZ, D, Kw_Z| - Mvg evsjvi AwaKvsk Mvb jvKmsMxZ bvg AwfwnZ| Dxcbv Drmvn, AvMn| KvR mvdj jvfi Rb Dxcbv cqvRb| kgRxex kwgK, KgRxex| kgRxex gvbyl `ki cKZ mc`| kgmsMxZ cwikg Kivi mgq m Mvb| Qv` cUvi Mvb GK aibi kgmsMxZ| webv`b Avgv`, Avb``vqK| cwikgi m webv`bi eev ivLv ìKvi| cwZdjb cwZwe^b, QvqvcvZ| gvbyli myL-`ytLi cwZdjb NU msMxZ| cvi`kx `, Awf, mg_| wZwb DPv msMxZ cvi`kx| iIqvR Afvm, Abykxjb| fvjv wkxiv wbqwgZ iIqvR Kib| i IZv`, wkK| ii wb`k AekB gvbZ ne| wklZ QvZ, ii Abymvix| cwZ iweki AvjvDwb Luvi wklZ MnY KiwQjb| ggy g wbq gy Kiv| Zvbmbi msMxZ mgvU AvKei ggy nq bZb| jvKmsMxZ Mvgi mvaviY gvbyli Mvb| evsjvì jvKmsMxZ AZZ Rbwcq| ^Zt~Z mnR I ^vfvweKfve cKvwkZ| ^Zt~Z Mvb gbK bvov `q| Awfew cKvk| bvPi fwZ fvei Awfew NU|
2. cki Di ewj Avi wjwL

K. L. M. N. O. evKwk ejZ Kx eywS ? kgmsMxZ Kx ? D`vnviY w`B| Avgvì `ki wZbRb weLvZ msMxZ wkxi bvg ewj I wjwL| msMxZi KqwU I Kx Kx ? KmsMxZi mnhvMx ev`hjvi bvg Kx ?
Avgvi evsjv eB 74
3.
cyswj I xwj wbaviY Kwi

cyswj myK MvqK wkl i ivM mvaK bi cyilvwj iwmK x wj myKx MvwqKv wklv ex ivwMYx mvwaKv bvix gqwj iwmKv Agvbyl KzrwmZ AcKvk e`bv AcwieZb e_Zv Acgvb AeeZ
4. wecixZ k ewj I wjwL

gvbyl myì cKvk Avb` cwieZb mvdj mvb eeZ
5. jLK cwiwPwZ
gbmyi gymv XvKv wekwe`vjqi AvaywbK fvlv BbwwUDUi evsjv wefvMi AavcK| wZwb fvlv wkK, fvlv wevbx, MelK, evsjv GKvWgxi cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cvewK, mgvjvPK I AwfavbKvi| wZwb wk GKvWgx cKvwkZ wk wekKvl-Gi AbZg mcv`K| wZwb wkì Rb Rxebx, M I Qov wjLQb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 75
Avh cv_ii K_v

mKvj gvbyl bvbv KvR cv_ii nvwZqvi eenvi KiZ| ZvB cv_ii YvY cixv Kivq wQj gvbyli Adzivb AvMn| bvbv iKg iZcv_i gvbyl GfveB Avwevi KiQ| AbK Kvj AvMi K_v| Gwkqv gnv`ki gvMbwkqv bvgi GKUv RvqMvq gvbyl GK AyZ cv_ii mvb cj| Avh Zvi Y| `Lv Mj H cv_ii iqQ jvnvi UzKivK Ub aivi PgrKvi gZv| KZznjx gvbyl jvnvi UzKiv mB cv_ii KvQ wbq evievi ciL Ki `Lj| cZK eviB `Lv Mj A`k Kvbv GK kwZ cv_i mjvK KvQ UvbQ| Avi mjv cv_ii Mvq m Gm j emQ| cv_ii G A`k AvKlY kw `L gvbyl wewZ nj| GfveB AvweKZ nj Pz^K cv_i| gvMbwkqvZ G cv_i cvIqv Mj ej m RvqMvi bvg Abymvi GB Avh cv_ii bvg ivLv nj gvMbUvBU|
Avgvi evsjv eB 76
Gici Aviv AbK w`b KU Mj| Pz^K cv_i bvovPvov KiZ wMq nVvr gvbyli bRi coj Gi Aviv GK weqKi Y| c_g nqZv KD jZv wKsev myZv w`q GKUv mi j^v Pz^K cv_i Szwjq bvovPvov KiwQj| m AevK nq j Kij, SzjZ Aevq cv_iUv Kej Di-`wYgyLv nq _vK| cv_ii DigyLx cvZ mi `vM w`q Zvici mwUK Ab w`K Nywiq ivLvi Pv Kiv nj| wK AevK evcvi! cv_iUvi DigyLx w`KUvK Kej DigyLx nq _vKZB `Lv Mj| Drmvnx gvbyl di Pz^K cv_i wbq MelYvq gZ DVj| wKQzKvj ci gvbyl Pz^K cv_ii Aviv GKUv Y Avwevi Kij| GKUv Pz^K cv_ii Di cvZi KvQ Ab GKUv Pz^K cv_ii Di cvZ Avbv nj, `Lv Mj cvZ `yUv wQUK `~i mi hvq| wK GKUv Pz^K cv_ii Di cvZi KvQ Ab Pz^K cv_ii `wY cvZ Avbv nj, Zviv GK AbK AvKlY Ki Ges GK m jM _vK| KZ~njxgvbyl Gevi fveZ _vKj cv_iUvK Kx KvR jvMvbv hvq| g gvbyl AwfZvi fZi w`q eySZ cvij, G cv_iK mePq ewk KvR jvMvbv hvq w`K wbicYi KvR| GB Pz^K cv_ii GKUv w`K me mgq DigyLv nq _vK| ZvB Di w`K gyL Ki ùvovj mnRB Wvb nvZi w`K c~e, Avi evg nvZi w`K cwg ej wPb bIqv hvq| Pz^Ki GB YK KvR jvwMq ci wevbx AvwKwgw`m Avwevi KiwQjb GK gnv cqvRbxq h| Avgiv m hK Kvm ev w`M`kb h ej Rvwb| ivZi Auvavi wKsev w`bi ejvq AvKvk hLb gN XvKv _vK, ZLb gvbyl mnRB w`K fyj KiZ cvi| ZvB Mfxi AiY, ay ay gif~wgZ, Amxg gnvKvk wKsev AZj gnvmgy` c_ wPb wbZ Kcvm GLb gvbymi wbfihvM h| AvaywbK Kcvm w`K wbYqi Rb eeZ nq e`ywZK Pz^Kxq KuvUv| wK Kcvmi g~j iqQ Pz^Kxq cv_ii mB Avh w`K wb`kK Y|
Avgvi evsjv eB 77
cvV wkwL
nvZ enb Kiv hvq Ggb Ak| Avw`g gvbyl cv_ii nvwZqvi w`q c ea KiZ| Adzivb dzivq bv Ggb| jLvcovq Zvi Adzivb AvMn `L mevB Lywk| iZcv_i gwYgyvRvZxq cv_i| bvbviKg iZcv_i msMn KviI KviI kL| ciL hvPvB I cixv, `vlY wePvi| Rwiiv ciL Ki iZcv_ii g~j wbaviY Kib| MelYv Kvbv welh evcK I Mfxi Abymvb| wevbi AbK Avwevii g~j iqQ wbiZi MelYv| nvwZqvi
2.
AviI Rb wbB
AvwKwgw`m cvPxb wMmi miv MwYZwe`, c`v_wevbx I hcKkjx| Rb AvbygvwbK wLc~e 287 A, gZz wLc~e 213 A| Kcvm Kcvm (Compass) BsiwR k| GwU w`K wbYqi h| G h myPvjv kjvi Ici mi Pz^KcvZ emvbv _vK| Pz^K cvZi cvZ `ywU me mgq Di-`wY w`K wb`k Ki| Kvm AbK aibi nq _vK| RvnvRi bvweKiv eenvi Kib b-Kcvm| egvwbKiv eenvi Kib RvBiv Kcvm| Avi `bw` KvR eeZ nq cKU Kcvm|
3.
Dijv ewj I wjwL

K. L. M. N. O. P. gvbyl Kxfve bvbviKg iZcv_i Avwevi Ki ? Kvb RvqMvq gvbyl GK AyZ cv_ii mvb cvq? cv_iwUi Kx Y wQj ? Kxfve Pz^K cv_i AvweKZ nq ? gvMbU ev Pz^K K_vwU Kvb k _K GmQ ? Pz^K cv_ii bvg gvMbUvBU ivLv nqQ Kb ? Szj Aevq Pz^K cv_ii Kvb weqKi Y gvbyli bRi co ?
Avgvi evsjv eB 78
Q. `yUv Pz^K cv_ii cv KvQvKvwQ Avbv nj Kx `Lv hvq ? R. Pz^K cv_i w`q Kxfve w`K wbYq Kiv hvq ? S. Kvb wevbx Pz^K cv_i w`q GK gnv cqvRbxq h Avwevi Kib? hwUi bvg Kx ? T. AvaywbK Kcvm w`K wbYqi Rb Kx eeZ nq ?
4. wecixZ k wjwL
AvKlY A`k KvQ DigyLx c~e `vM AvMn kw AiY gifw~ g gnvmgy` cv_i gvbyl weKlY
5. Wvb cvk _K Dchy weklY LuyR wbq k~b vb emvB|

A`k Mfxi ay ay Pz^Kxq Adzivb AZj KZ~njx mi
6. wbPi k jv w`q evK iPbv Kwi

AvMn, evievi, A`k, bvovPvov|
7. Pz^Ki weqKi Yjv Kx Kx wjwL|
Avgvi evsjv eB 79
wkvii ghv`v
KvRx Kvì bIqvR
ev`kvn AvjgMxiKzgvi Zuvnvi coBZ GK gjex w`jxi| GK`v cfvZ wMqv `Lb ev`kv kvnRv`v GK cv nZ wbqv XvwjZQ evwi ii PiY cyjwKZ ` AvbZ-bqb, wkK ay wbR nvZ w`qv wbRwi cvqi a~wj ayq gyQ me KwiQb mvd mvwi Aywj| wkK gjex fvwejb, AvwR wbZvi bvwn, hvq eyS Zuvi mwe| w`jxcwZi cyi Ki jBqvQ cvwb PiYi ci, cavi KvR, nb Aciva K KiQ - Kvb Kvj| fvweZ fvweZ wPZvi iLv `Lv w`j Zuvi fvj| nVvr Kx fvwe DwV Kwnjb, Avwg fq Kwi bvK, hvq hve wki UzwU, wkK Avwg k mevi w`jxi cwZ m Zv Kvb Qvi, fq Kwi bvK, avwi bvK avi, gb AvQ gvi ej, ev`kvn avj kvi K_v bve AbMj| hvq hve cvY Zvn,
Avgvi evsjv eB 80
cvYi PqI gvb eo, Avwg evSve kvnvbkvn| Zvi ciw`b cvZ ev`kvni `~Z wkK WK wbq Mj KjvZ| wkK WvwK ev`kvn Knb, byb Rbve Ze, cy Avgvi Avcbvi KvQ mRb wK wKQz wkwLqvQ ? eis wkLQ eqv`we Avi iRb Aenjv, bwnj mw`b `wLjvg hvnv ^qs mKvj ejv| wkK Kb Ruvnvcbv, Avwg eywSZ cvwi b, nvq, Kx K_v ewjZ AvwRK Avgvq WKQb wbivjvq? ev`kvn Knb, m w`b cfvZ `wLjvg Avwg ùvovq ZdvZ wbR nvZ he PiY Avcwb Kib cvjb, cy Avgvi Rj Xvwj ay wfRvBQ I PiY| wbR nvZLvwb Avcbvi cvq eyjvBqv mhZb ayq w`j bvK Kb m PiY, wi e_v cvB gb| DQvm fi wkK Ze ùvovq mMie, KzwYk Kwi ev`kvni Zi Knb DPie AvR nZ wPiDbZ nj wkvii wki mZB Zzwg gnvb D`vi ev`kvn AvjgMxi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 81
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ Rb wbB Ges eenvi wkwL
ivRvi Qj (ivRKzgvi)| AvMi w`b nvwZ- Nvov Po Kzgvi wkKvi hZb| kvnRv`v ev`kvi cy| ev`kvn kvnRv`vK mywkv w`qQb| evwi cvwb| kveYi evwiavivq gvV-NvU fi MQ| PiY cv| wcZvi PiY nvZ iL cy `vqv PvBj| cyjwKZ Avbw`Z| Cì w`b wkiv Lye cyjwKZ nq| ` `q, gb| (kwU KweZvq eeZ nq) bqb PvL| GKUz Avì cq `ytLx QjwUi bqb AkmRj nq DVj| fvj Kcvj, A`, fvM| gv wkwUi fvj Pzgy GuK w`jb| cav `c, evo| Zvi cav `L Avwg AevK nqwQ| wki gv_v| Abvqi KvQ KLbI wki bZ Kie bv| AbMj GKUvbv, Aweivg| Qv gq wgwb Zvi evevi m AbMj K_v ej PjQ| kvnvbkvn ev`kvn, ivRvwaivR| kvnvbkvn AvjgMxi wQjb GKRb gnrcvY kvmK| Kjv `yM| wZZzgxii euvki Kjv BwZnvm weLvZ| mRb f`Zv, wkvPvi| Zuvi mRb Avgvì gy KiQ| cvjb avIqv, cvwb w`q cwivi Kiv| wZwb nvZ-cv cvjb Ki Ni XyKjb| wi gb Kwi, iY Kwi| (kwU ay KweZvq eeZ nq| Kzwbk gv_v bZ Ki Awfev`b Kiv| DwRi ev`kvnK Kzwbk Kijb| kv Abykvmb, agM| kvi cwZ mvb Rvbvbv DwPZ| Kzgvi
2.
ckjvi Di ewj Ges wjwL

(K) (L) (M) (N) ev`kvn AvjgMxii cyK K covZb? GKw`b mKvj ev`kvn Kx `LZ cjb? ev`kvnK `L wkK c_g Kx fvejb? cvYi PqI gvb eo wkK G K_v ejjb Kb?
Avgvi evsjv eB 82
(O) ev`kvn AvjgMxi wkKK c_g Kx ejjb? (P) wkK Kx ej ev`kvni mybvg Kijb? 3. ev`kvn AvjgMxi Zuvi cyi wkKK Kjvq WK cvwVqQb| wkK fq fq mLvb DcwZ nqQb| Zvici ev`kvn I wkKi ga K_v nj| Kx K_v nj Zv wjwL| ev`kv byb Rbve, Avgvi Qj Avcbvi KvQ Avè kL wb| Avwg wbRi PvL Zv `LwQ| wkK Ruvnvcbv, Avwg wVK eySZ cviwQ bv, `qv Ki GKUz Lyj ejyb| ev`kv ? wkK ?
4. ,^, ,- cZKwU hyeY eenvi Ki wZwbwU Ki k wjwL| hgb

= K& + h ^ = m& + e = m& + g = m& + Z& + i eo gvb hk welv` cy DbZ mKvj Achk AebZ weKvj Acgvb QvU nl Kbv q, wkv, mg
5. wecixZ kjv wVKgZv mvRvB
6. Kwe cwiwPwZ
Kwe KvRx Kvì bIqvR 1909 mvji 15B Rvbyqvwi cwgei gywk`vev` Rjvi Zvwjecyi Mvg RbMnY Kib| wZwb KjKvZv wekwe`vjq _K BsiwR mvwnZ Abvm I wewU cvk Kib| wZwb PvKwi Rxebi c_g wQjb mve Bci, ci wewfb zj cavb wkKi `vwqZ cvjb Kib| wZwb bxwZK_v I Kvwnbxg~jK wkZvl KweZvi Rb LvwZ jvf Kib| 1983 mvji 3iv Rvbyqvwi wZwb gZzeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 83
Rjcix I KvVyii M
Ckc Kvbv GK eb GK KvVywiqv ivR KvV KvUZ hZ| fvwi Mwie m| `wbK KvV wew Ki hv ivRMvi KiZ ZvB w`q KvbviKg Lq-ci w`b PjZ| GKw`b GK b`xi avi m Mj KvV KvUZ| mLvb wMq GKUv MvQ hB Kzovj w`q Nv giQ, Agwb Zvi nvZ dmK KyovjUv Mfxi cvwbi ga co Mj| LimvZv b`x| Zv Qvov ZvZ Kywgii fq wQj fqvbK| ZvB wbiycvq nq KvVywiqv mB MvQi Mvovq em Kuv`Z jvMj| m GZB Mwie h Zvi Avevi GKUv Kzovj Kbvi gZv msMwZ wQj bv| ZvB Kx Dcvq Kie, MvQi Mvovq em em m fveZ jvMj| hZ fve ZZB Zvi PvL w`q cvwb co| Ggwb Ki wKQyY KU hvevi ci nVvr GK Rjcix b`xi ga _K DV ùvwoq ZvK ck Kij, Zywg Kuv`Q Kb? KvVywiqv ejj, Avwg eo Mwie, Avgvi KyovjUv cvwbZ co MQ, ZvB Kvu`wQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 84
Rjcix ejj, AvQv Zvgvi Kzovj Avwg Gb w`wQ, Zywg Ku`v bv| GB ej ZrYvr b`xZ Wye w`q GKLvbv mvbvi Kyovj Zyj Gb Rjcix wRvmv Kij, GUv wK Zvgvi ? KvVywiqv fvjv Ki `L ejj, bv| m m Avevi cvwbi ga Wye w`q GKUv iycvi Kyovj wbq Gm Rjcix wRvmv Kij, Ze GUv wK Zvgvi ? GeviI KvVywiqv wekl fve cixv Ki ejj, bv, GUvI bq| ZLb Rjcix Avevi Wye w`q GKUv jvnvi Kyovj Gb ZvK `Lvj| KvVywiqv GZY ci wbRi KyovjLvwb wPbZ ci mvb` ej DVj, nuv, GUvB Avgvi| Rjcix KvVywiqvi GB mZZv `L gy nj| m ZvK Zvi wbRi KzovjwU Zv wdwiq w`jB, DciZy mvbvi I iycvi Kyovj `ywUI Dcnvi w`q cvwbi ga A`k nq Mj| GZLvwb mvbv I iycv cq KvVywiqvi Aev ek fvjv nq Mj| Kbbv mB Kzovj `ywU evRvi wew Ki m AbK UvKv cj, ZvZB Zvi w`b KvUZ jvMj Lye myL I ^Q`| Gw`K nj wK, GB MwU Zvi gyL _K kvbvi ci Avi GKRb KvVywiqvi gb eo jvf Rbvj| m GKw`b PywcPywc mB b`xi avi MvQ KvUZ wMq BQ Ki Zvi KyovjUv cvwbi ga dj w`j| Zvici mLvb em Awfbq Ki Kuv`Z jvMj| Zvi Kvbv b Avevi mB Rjcix mLvb AvwefZ nj| cei gZv GeviI c_g GKwU mvbvi Kyovj Zyj m ZvK wRvmv Kij, GUv wK Zvgvi? mhi Avjv co mvbvi KyovjwU Sjgj Ki DVj| ZvB `L KvVywiqvi PvL `ywU jvf PKPK Ki DVj| m m m ej djj, nuv, GUvB Avgvi| ZrYvr Rjcix Uyc Ki mLvb Wye w`q Kv_vq Pj Mj Avi DVj bv| jvfx KvVywiqvwU nvq nvq KiZ jvMj Ges wbRi Kcvj wbR Po gviZ gviZ ejj, nvq! nvq! Kb wg_v K_v ejZ Mjvg, ZvB Zv Avgvi Ggb kvwZ nj! mvbvi I iycvi Kyovj cvIqv Zv ì _vK, wbRi h jvnvi KyovjwU wQj ZvI nvivjvg| (QvUì wekmvwnZ _K msKwjZ)
Avgvi evsjv eB 85
cvV wkwL
1. Rb wbB
mZZvi gj AZyjbxq| mr gvbylK mevB fvjvevm| mZZvi cyivi cvIqv hvq| jvf gvbylK cZbi w`K wbq hvq| jvfx gvbylK KD cQ` Ki bv| K_vq ej - jvf cvc, cvc gZy|
2. wbPi kjvi A_ Rb wbB

KvVywiqv Kzovj Rjcix mvb` msMwZ KyVvi w`q MvQ ev KvV KvUv hvi ckv| KvVywiqv eb KvV KvUZ Mj| KyVvi, KvV KvUvi Am| Kzovj w`q KvV KvUv nq| cvwbZ emevmKvix cvLvhy KvwbK myìx bvix| Rjcix mZev`x KvVywiqvK cyivi w`j| cig Avb`, Avbì mv_| dyUej LjZ Avwg mvb` ivwR njvg| msvb, Dcvq | KyVvi Kbvi msMwZ Zvi wQj bv|
3. cki Di ewj I wjwL

K. KvVywiqv ivR Kx KiZ? L. KvVywiqvi w`b Kxfve PjZ? M. KvVywiqv Kb Kuv`Z jvMj? N. Rjcix KvVywiqvK Kx ejj? O. KvVywiqvi mZZv `L Rjcix Kx Kij? P. Kxfve KvVywiqvi Aevi cwieZb nj? Q. jvfx KvVywiqv Kx Kij? R. jvfx KvVywiqv Kb nvq nvq KiZ jvMj?
Avgvi evsjv eB 86
4. wecixZ k wjwL
Mwie, wew, Kuv`v, wbR, myL, jvf, kvw, gy|
5. mZZv mK cuvPwU evK wjwL 6. jLK cwiwPwZ

AvR _K `yB nvRvi `yB kZ eQi ce MKvi Ckc wMm `k RbwQjb| wZwb wQjb GKRb mvgvb xZ`vm| ZLbKvi w`b ivg I wMm xZ`vm c_v cPwjZ wQj| wZwb Kx wQjb, Zvi Pq eo K_v wZwb h mvwnZ iPbv Ki MQb Zv wPimyì I wPivqx| Zvi fve hgb Mfxi, fvlv Zgwb mnR I mij| Zuvi cZKwU Mi ga wKQy bv wKQy gjevb Dc`k AvQ| Zuvi bxwZgjK Mjv wekmvwnZi Agj m`|
Avgvi evsjv eB 87
Pvlx
ivwRqv LvZzb PayivYx me mvaKi eo mvaK Avgvi `ki Pvlv, `k gvZviB gywKvgx, `ki m h Avkv| àxwP wK Zvnvi Pq mvaK wQj eo ? cyY AZ ne bvK me KwijI Ro| gywKvgx gnvmvaK gy Ki `k, meviB m Ab RvMvq bvBK Me jk| eZ Zvnvi cii wnZ, myL bvwn Pvq wbR, i` `vn Kvq Zby, gNi Rj wfR| Avgvi `ki gvwUi Qj, bwg evisevi Zvgvq `L PY nDK mevi AnsKvi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 88
cvV wkwL
evsjv`k Kwlcavb `k| G `ki gvbyli Lvì hvMvb `b KlKiv| Zuviv w`bivZ kg w`q, So-ew-iv` Dcv Ki dmj djvb| Zuvì G KvR KwVb mvabvi KvR| Kwe ZvB Zuvì eo mvaK ejQb, gvwUi Qj ejQb|
2. kjvi A_ Rb wbB I evK eenvi Kwi

mvabv Kib whwb; Kvbv Dk wmwi Rb whwb GKvfve Pv Kib| jvjb kvn wQjb GKRb eo mvaK| gywKvgx gyw KvgbvKvix; vYKvix| evsjv`ki ^vaxbZvi Rb AbK gywKvgx gvbyl cvY w`qQb| Ro GK| mfv Kivi Rb Zviv mevB GK RvqMvq Ro nqQ| jk AwZ mvgvb cwigvY; KYv; we`y| wbRi KvR wbR KiZ jkgv jv Kviv bv| eZ Zcmv, mvabv| QvQvxì cavb eZ nj covbv| wnZ DcKvi| ki evsjv G `ki KlKì AbK wnZmvab KiQb| `vn Zvc| ekvLi i``vn gvV dU P-wPi| Zby `n| jvKwU `LZ z`Zby, wKy `viyY mvnmx| bwg bgvi Kwi; mvb RvbvB (mvaviYZ KweZvq eeZ nq)| `ki Rb AKvZi hviv cvY KiQ `vb, Avgiv Zvì bwg| mvaK
3. kjvi evbvb wjwL

àxwP, Ab, jk, Zby, i``vn, bwg, PY|
4. wbPi kwUi evLv Rb wbB

àxwP cvPxb fviZi GKRb Fwl| wZwb Amyiì asm Kivi Rb èZvì KvQ wbRi kixii nvo `vb KiwQjb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 89
5. cii PiYwU wjwL

K. àxwP wK Zvnvi Pq mvaK wQj eo ? .............................................| L. gywKvgx gnvmvaK gy Ki `k, .............................................| M. Avgvi `ki gvwUi Qj, bwg evisevi .............................................|
6. wbPi ckjvi Di ewj I wjwL

K. Kwe PvlxK eo mvaK Ges `ki Avkv ejQb Kb ? L. àxwP K ? M. Avgvi `ki gvwUi Qj, bwg evisevi Zvgvq `L PY nDK mevi AnsKvi| -gvwUi Qj K? ZvK `L mevi AnsKvi PY nIqv DwPZ Kb ? N. Pvlxì KvQ _K Avgvì Kx wkv MnY Kiv DwPZ ? O. Pvlx KweZvi gjK_v cuvPwU evK wjwL|
7. Kwe cwiwPwZ
ivwRqv LvZyb PayivYx 1907 wLv Rb MnY Kib| wZwb wbRi Pvq evwoZ jLvcov kLb| evwoi Avcb cwiek wZwb mvwnZ PPv Kib| Zuvi cKvwkZ M c_i Kvwnbx| wZwb 1934 wLv gZyeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 90
knx` wZZzgxi
ZZv, wZZy, wZZygxi| bZ ek AevK jvMQ, ZvB bv? Zv nj LyjB ewj| 1782 mvj| cwgei Pwek ciMbv Rjv| m Rjvi ewkinvU gnKygvi GKwU Mvg Puv`cyi (gZvi nvq`vicyi)| G Mvg evm KiZ GK ewbqvw` gymwjg cwievi| mq` esk| GB esk Rb bq GK wk| Qv wkwU wQj hgb `LZ myì Zgwb ewj Zvi Mob| wkwU wQj Lye Rw`| wkKvj Zvi GKevi KwVb AmyL nj| ivM mvivbvi Rb ZvK Ìqv nj fxlY ZZv Ilya| Ggb ZZv Ilya wk Zv ìi K_v eyovivI gyL be bv| A_P GB Qv wk ek LywkZB Lj m Ilya| cvq `keviw`b GB ZZv Ilya Lj m| evwoi jvKRb mevB AevK| G Kgb wk, ZZv LZ Zvi Avb`! G Rb Ii WvK bvg ivLv nj ZZv| ZZv _K wZZy| Zvi mv_ gxi jvwMq nj wZZygxi| Zuvi cKZ bvg mq` gxi wbmvi Avjx| wZZygxii hLb Rb, ZLb Avgvì evsjv`kmn cyiv fviZel wQj civaxb| PjQ BsiR ivRZ| BsiRiv PvjvZ AZvPvi| Abw`K wQj `wk Rwg`viì Ryjyg| BsiR KgPvixiv Nvov QywUq PjZ `viyY `vcU| wZZygxi Gme `LZb Avi fveZb, Gì nvZ _K Kxfve gyw cve `ki gvbyl|
Avgvi evsjv eB 91
wZZygxii Mvg wQj GK gvìvmv| mLvb wkK wnme Gjb agcvY GK nvdR| bvg nvdR bqvgZ Djvn| wZZygxi G gvìvmvq coZb| wZwb A mgqB nvdR bqvgZ Djvni wcqcv nq DVjb| mKvj Mvg Mvg WbKyw Avi kixiPPvi evqvg nZ| kLvbv nZ gywhy, jvwVLjv, Zxi Quvov, Avi AwmPvjbv| Dk wQj BsiR Zvovbvi Rb Mvq kw mq Kiv| wZwb WbKyw wkL KywwMi I cvnjvqvb wnme bvg Kijb| jvwVLjv, Zxi Quvov Avi Awm cwiPvjbvI wkLjb| Zuvi AbK fI RyU Mj| wZZygxii Mvq kw wQj cPyi| wKy wZwb wQjb kv, axi ^fvei| GKevi Ivì m wZwb wenvi mdi eivjb| gvbyli `yiev `L Zuvi gb `kK ^vaxb Kievi wPv Gj | wZwb gymjgvbì mwZKvi gymjgvb nZ Avnvb Rvbvjb| Avi wn`yì ejjb AZvPvix Rwg`viì weiy iyL ùvovZ| wn`y-gymjgvb mKj Zuvi K_vq mvov w`j| 1822 mvj| wZZygxii eqm ZLb Pwjk| wZwb nR cvjb KiZ Mjb gvq| mLvb cwiPq nj ewUk weivax Av`vjbi AbZg cyivav ewZ nhiZ kvn mq` Avng` eijfxi m| wZwb wQjb msMvgx cyiyl, agcvY| wZZygxi Zuvi wkl njb| `k wdi wZwb ^vaxbZvi WvK w`jb| WvK w`jb BsiRì weiy joZ, bxjKiì iyLZ Avi wbRì msMwVZ nZ| wKy c_g evav cjb Rwg`viì KvQ _K| Zuvi Ici AZvPvi iy nj| wbR Mvg Qo wZwb Mjb evivmvZi bviKjevwoqvq| bvwiKjevwoqvi jvKRb ZuvK mvì MnY Kij| nvRvi nvRvi mvaviY gvbylK m wbq wZwb Zwi Kijb GK `yf` evuki `yM| GUvB bvwiKjevwoqvi evuki Kjv| Zuvi G Kjvq mb msLv ùvovj Pvi-cuvP nvRvi| Pwek ciMbv, b`xqv Avi dwi`cyi Rjv ZLb Zuvi `Lj| BsiRì Kvbv KZZ iBj bv Gme Aj| G `yM wZwb Zuvi wklì jovBqi wkv w`Z jvMjb| BsiRì weiy mk hy Kivi Kkj I cywZ kLvZ jvMjb| G Lei Pj Mj BsiR kvmKì KvQ| BsiRì m nvZ gjvj `wk Rwg`viiv| 1830 mvj gvwRU AvjKRvviK cvVvbv nq wZZygxiK `gb Kievi Rb| wKy AvjKRvvi Zuvi wmcvwn evwnbx wbq civZ nb wZZygxii nvZ| Zvici wZZygxi KqKwU bxjKywV `Lj Ki bb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 92
1831 mvji 19k bfî| jW DBwjqvg ewU ZLb fviZeli Mfbi Rbvij| wZZygxiK kvqv Kivi Rb wZwb cvVvjb weivU mbveni Avi Mvj`vR evwnbx| Gi bZZ Ìqv nj mbvcwZ Kbj yqvWK| yqvW AvgY Kijb wZZygxii euvki Kjv| ZLb fvjv Ki fvi nqwb| AveQv Avjv| yqvWi wQj nvRvi nvRvi cwkwZ mb Avi ARm Mvjv eviy`| wZZygxii wQj gv Pvi-cuvP nvRvi ^vaxbZvwcq mwbK| Zuvi bv wQj Kvgvb, bv wQj Mvjveviy`, e`yK| Ze Zuvì gb wQj civaxb `kK ^vaxb Kievi AwgZ ZR| cP hy nj| wZZygxi Avi Zuvi exi mwbKiv cvYcY hy Kijb| wKy wKQyYi gaB BsiR mwbKì Mvjvi AvNvZ QviLvi nq Mj bvwiKjevwoqvi euvki Kjv| knx` njb exi wZZygxi| knx` njb AmsL gywKvgx exi mwbK| wZZygxii 250 Rb mbK BsiRiv ew` Kij| Kviv nj Kviv`, Kviv nj duvwm| GfveB kl nj hy| wKy G hyi exi bvqK wZZygxi Agi nq iBjb G `ki gvbyli gb| AvR _K cvq cb `y k eQi AvM wZwb civaxb fviZeli ^vaxbZvi Rb hy KiwQjb BsiRì weiy| BsiRì weiy ^vaxbZvi hy exi wZZygxiB njb evsjvi c_g knx`|
kwdDj Avjg
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ Rb wbB I evK eenvi Kwi
Rw` civaxb `vcU gyw wcqcv GKMuyq, Kvbv KvR KiZ h bvQvoev`v|QjwU Lye Rw`| cii Aaxb, ^vaxb bq|Avgiv GLb Avi civaxb bB, ^vaxb RvwZ| cej cZvci m| gvnvgWvb cvwUs Kve G evi Lye `vcUi mv_ LjQ| ^vaxbZv| LuvPvi cvwL Pvq gywi ^v`|
ni AwaKvix| kYxwkKi wcqcv nZ nj fvjvfve jLvcov KiZ nq| WbKzw eyK Wb w`q kixiPPv Avi kvixwiK kwi cixv| wZZygxi kkeB WbKywZZ cvi`kx nq IVb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 93
AwmPvjbv Zjvqvi wbq hy Kivi we`v|mKj mwbKB AwmPvjbvq wm| mvov w`j mwZ w`j| mr KvR WvK w`j mevB mvov `q| `yf` hv K f` Kiv hvq| wPbi cvPxi `yf`| `yM cvPxi ev Ìqvj Niv mbvwbevm| hyi mgq `yMi evBiI cvnviv Ìqv nq| evuki Kjv evuk w`q Zwi Kjv ev `yM| BwZnvm wZZygxii euvki Kjvi Kvwnbx jLv AvQ| kvqv kvw, R| Aeva jvKUvK kvqv Kiv ìKvi| AwgZ ZR Amxg mvnm Avi A`g kw|gywhvviv AwgZ ZR hy KiwQj| gywKvgx ^vaxbZvKvgx| gywKvgx gvbyli Rq mywbwZ| mk Amn| mk hy gywmbviv Rqx nq|

K. wZZygxi bvgwU Kgb Ki nj ? Zuvi cKZ bvg Kx ? L. wZZygxii hLb Rb, ZLb G `k Kvì Aaxb wQj ? M. wZZygxi QvUejvq WbKyw Avi evqvg wkLwQjb Kb ? N. G `kK BsiRì nvZ _K gy Kivi wPv Kb Zuvi gb Gj ? O. wn`y-gymjgvb mevBK wZwb Kx ej GKZve KiZ PvBjb ? P. BsiRì cvkvcvwk Kviv G `ki gvbyli Ici AZvPvi PvjvZ ? Q. wZZygxi Kvi wkl njb ? R. wZwb Kvì weiy msMwVZ nZ ejjb ? S. bvwiKjevwoqv Kv_vq? GLvb wZZygxi Kx Zwi Kijb ? T. KZ wLv wZZygxii KvQ BsiR kw civwRZ nq ? U. KLb Kvb BsiR mbvcwZi bZZ wZZygxii weiy hy cwiPvwjZ nq ? V. wZZygxi Kxfve knx` njb ? W. civaxb fviZel BsiRweivax ^vaxbZv hy c_g knx` K ? X. knx` wZZygxi Kb Agi nq AvQb ?
Avgvi evsjv eB 94
hvMvhvMi mKvj GKvj

GKUv Ni Avb jMQ| Zv `L GKRb mvnvhi Rb wPrKvi Ki DVjAvb, Avb| Abiv ZvovZvwo m w`K QyU Mj| GB h AvMyb K_vUv w`q Abi `w AvKlY Kiv nj -GK Avgiv ewj hvMvhvM| hvMvhvM ejZ AbK Kvbv wKQy Rvbvbvi mejv DcvqKB evSvq| Avgiv ej, wjL ev msKZ eenvi Ki Abi m hvMvhvM Ki _vwK| Zvgiv hLb GB jLvUv coQ, ZLb Zvgvì m GK aibi hvMvhvM nQ| G nQ eBqi gvag hvMvhvM| huviv AbK ì _vKb, Zuvì m Avgiv Uwjdvb, UwjMvd, wPwVc BZvwì gvag hvMvhvM KiZ cvwi| msKZi gvagI gvbyl hvMvhvM Ki _vK| moK jvjevwZ `L PvjK Mvwo _vwgq w`j| idvwi Bmj w`ZB dyUej Ljv iy nq Mj| Avvqvi AvOyj ZyjZB evUmgvb gvV Qvoj| G meB nj msKZi gvag hvMvhvM| Kvbv GK mKvj Kvm wkK Zvgvì ebfvRb beb ej w`bYi NvlYv w`jb| GUvI GK aibi hvMvhvM| eyZ hvMvhvM Qvov Avgiv PjZ cvwi bv| gvbyli Rxeb hvMvhvMi mPbv mB Avw`Kvj _K| fvlv Avwevi gvbyli hvMvhvMi c_g iyZcY NUbv| jLv Avwevii AvM gvbyl nvZ bo, wPrKvi Ki, XvKXvj evwRq, Avb ev auvqv eenvi Ki hvMvhvM KiZ| `wMvn ìZ Avw`g gvbyli hvMvhvMi GKUv Dcvq wQj Avbi msKZ| DuPz MvQi WMvq DV gkvj bo wKsev Avb-Zxi Qyuo Avw`g gvbyl wkKvixì wdi Avmvi ev Ab Kvbv msKZ w`Z| nvRvi nvRvi eQi ai gvbyl awbi mvnvhI hvMvhvMi KvR KiQ| wPrKvi Lye ewk ì kvbv hZ bv ej gvbyl Ab DcvqI ei KiwQj| cvq AvovB nvRvi eQi AvM cvimi mgvU mvBivm Zuvi ivR wKQyUv ì ì AbK UvIqvi ewmqwQjb| mjvZ hviv cnix _vKZ, Zviv wPrKvi Ki GK UvIqvi _K Ab UvIqvi msev` cvVvZ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 95
mKvj msev` Rvbvbvi Rb XvjI eeZ nZ| AvwdKvi DcRvwZiv KvVi Xvj wcwUq ì-ìvi msev`-msKZ cvVvZ| fviZeli ivRviv Xvj knir Ki ivR Av`k, wb`k Rvwi KiZb| jLv Avwevii ci gvbyli hvMvhvM eev Aviv DbZ nq| GK RvqMv _K Ab RvqMvq, GK Kvj _K Ab Kvj gvbyli hvMvhvM me nq IV|
hvMvhvMi AMMwZi Gi cii iyZcY NUbv nQ gy`Yh Avwevi I QvcvLvbv cwZv| QvcvLvbv hvMvhvM eevq Afvebxq cwieZb NUvq| eB I c-cwKv cKvki gvag nvRvi nvRvi jvKi m hvMvhvMi ivv Lyj hvq| eB I c-cwKv GKw`K gvbyli vb msiY Kivi myhvM Gb `q, Abw`K GK Kvj _K Ab Kvj vb wevi KivI me nq IV| eBqi mvi wbq Gici Mo IV AbK cvVvMvi| mjv vbmvabvq weZi Ae`vb ivL| iex`bv_ VvKzi, wjI Zjq, kKm&wcqii gZv gnr jLKì jLvi m GfveB Avgvì cwiPq NUQ| hvMvhvMi Avi GKwU Dcvq nQ wPwV jLv| GwU GLbI ewMZ I cvwZvwbK
Avgvi evsjv eB 96
hvMvhvMi mePq Rbwcq gvag| WvK hvMvhvM Gi mB mwKZ| cvPxb wMm I ivg ivRKvh evnK gvidZ WvK wewji iIqvR wQj| fviZel myjZvwb Avgj WvK eevi K_v Rvbv hvq| wewUk Avgj Zv DbZ nq| UwjhvMvhvM eevq c_g eeZ h nQ UwjMvd| GB hi mvnvh msev`K wekl KvWi gvag e`ywZK Zi wnme cvVvbv nq| UwjMvd Ui Uv RvZxq msKZi gvag msev` cvVvZ nq ej ZvZ ewk K_v cvVvbv hvq bv| UwjMvgi fvlv ZvB LyeB msw nq _vK| evwbK bvbv Avwevi, wekl Ki we`yZi Avwevi hvMvhvM eevq wecyj cvjve`j NUvq| we`yrK KvR jvwMq cw_exi GK cv _K Ab cv cwZwbqZ hvMvhvMi Rb Mo Zvjv nqQ wekevcx UwjhvMvhvM eev| Uwjdvb K_v ejv, KvDK B-gBj cvVvbv, dv gwkb evZv cvVvbv BZvw` gynZi ga G aibi hvMvhvM me nQ| hvMvhvM eevq AvRKvj GZ DbwZ nqQ h cw_exi GK cv _K Ab cv h KD h Kvbv mgq K_v ejZ cvi| Uwjdvb Avwevi I Zvi AMMwZi djB GUv me nqQ| GK mgq Zvii gvag Uwjdvbi K_v evwnZ nZ| eZvi I mjyjvi chyw eenvi Kivq G AKbxq DbwZ nqQ| GLb c_ PjZ PjZI gvbyl dvb K_v ejZ cviQ mj dvb ev gvevBj dvb| GB dvbi iqQ Aviv AbK myweav| Zv mgq I ZvwiL RvbvZ cvi| Gi gvag gynZB QvULvUv evZv cvVvbv hvq| Gi c`vq wecixZ cvi MvnKi Qwe fm IV| GLvbB kl bq| GB dvb h Kvbv Qwe Zyj Zv aviY Kiv hvq| Ggb wK K K dvb Kij Zvì Z_ Ges dvb bî GZ msiY Ki ivLv Pj| hvMvhvMi AvaywbKZg Dcvq iy nqQ iwWI ev eZvi Dvebi dj| Avgiv eZvi ejZ Kej Abyvb kvbvi hK eywS| wKy hvMvhvMi eZvii fwgKv evcK| eZvi ejZ Avmj evSvq eZvi Zii gvag hvMvhvM| hgb GLvb h AvaywbK gvevBj dvbi K_v ejv nqQ ZvI GK aibi eZvih| Riywi
Avgvi evsjv eB 97
hvMvhvMi Rb mbvevwnbx, cywjk, iWm, AwM wbevcK evwnbx, moK, ij, b I wegvb hvMvhvMi wewfb msvi KvR AvRKvj eZvi hvMvhvM Acwinvh| G KvR nvZi gyVvq h hvMvhvM hwU _vK ZvK ejv nq IqvwK UwK|
hvMvhvMi Avi GKwU AvaywbK gvag nQ Uwjwfkb| eZvi Avgiv Kej awb bZ cvB| Qwe `LZ cvB bv| Uwjwfkb Avgiv QweI `LZ cvB| wekKvc dzUej ev wKUi Ljv h Avgiv mivmwi `LZ cvB, Zv me nQ Uwjwfkbi e`jZ| hvMvhvMi mekl mshvRb nQ BUvibU| GUv wekevcx hvMvhvMi GK wekvj bUIqvK| weki KvwU KvwU KwDUvi Gi m hy| Gi gvag Avgiv GK KwDUvi _K Ab KwDUvi mivmwi hvMvhvM vcb KiZ cvwi| cvwi h Kvbv Z_, Dcv, evZv, Qwe BZvw` Av`vb-c`vb KiZ, Ggb wK cicii PnvivI `LZ| BUvibUi gvag GLb mviv weki vb mì wecyj Z_ msiY Kiv nQ| GK msc ejv nq - Iqe| cyiv bvg : Iqv IqvBW Iqe ev www| GB vbfvvi _K h Kvbv welq BQ gZv Z_ AvniY Kiv hvq| eyZ hvMvhvMi mgq Avi ìZ GLb Kvbv evavB bq|
W. gvneyeyj nK
Avgvi evsjv eB 98
cvV wkwL
msKZ BwZ, Bkviv| ivZvq meyR msKZ-evwZ Rj DVj| `wMvn PvL `LZ cvIqv hvq Ggb| `wMvn bq Ggb wRwbmI gvbyl hi mvnvh `LZ cvi| Xvj-knir Xvj-mnhvM NvlYv| mKvj ivRvi Av`k Rvwi Kiv nZ Xvj-knir Ki| mvi msMn, AvqvRb| cvVvMviUv Mo DVQ ARm eBqi mvi wbq| iIqvR ixwZ| mKvj Ilya wnme jZvcvZvi im LvIqvi iIqvR wQj| Z_ vZ nIqvi gZv mwVK welq| msev`ci gvag Avgiv AbK Z_ RvbZ cvwi| Dcv MelYv KvRi Rb cqvRbxq Z_| wZwb MelYvi Rb Dcv msMn KiQb| AvniY msMn Kiv| vb AvniYi Rb eBc cov AvekK|
2. we`wk fvlv _K AvMZ wKQz k Rb wbB

Uwjdvb `~ivjvcwb| eogvgv MZKvj AvgvK ivRkvnx _K Uwjdvb KiwQjb| UwjMvd Zvii gvag Lei cvVvevi eev| UwjMvd Avwevi hvMvhvMi GKUv DjLhvM NUbv| UwjMvg ZvievZv| UwjMvdi mvnvh cvVvbv Lei| UvKv Pq evev Riwi UwjMvg cvwVqQb| idvwi whwb Ljv cwiPvjbv Kib| idvwi GKRb LjvqvoK njy` KvW `wLq mZK Ki w`jb| Bmj euvwki msKZ| Bmj evwRq Ub QzU PjQ| Avcvqvi wKU, Uwbm Ljvi wePviK| Ljvq Avcvqvii wmvZB P~ovZ| evUmgvb evUavix| evUmgvb myhvM eyS Qv nuvKvjb| UvIqvi M^yR| AbK `~i _K wMRvi UvIqviUv `Lv hvQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 99
BjKUwbK gBj, KwcDUvii gvag `k-we`k evZv, wPwVc, Qwe, Z_ BZvw` Av`vb-c`vbi eev| Avwg fvBqvi mv_ B-gBj hvMvhvM KiZ cvwi| dv e`ywZK hi gvag `~i `~ivZ wPwVci Abywjwc cvVvbvi Dcvq| Avgvì cvovZB GKUv dvi `vKvb AvQ| KvW msKZ eev| UwjMvd h Kvbv evZvK KvW icvZi Ki cvVvbv nq| mjyjvi Kvlhy ev Kvlxq| mjyjvi dvbK gvevBj dvbI ejv Pj| gvevBj me enbhvM dvb| `k GLb gvevBj dvbi eenvi eoQ| iwWI eZvi| Avwg mgq cjB iwWIi Abyvb wb| iWm AvZ-cxwoZi Rb mevg~jK AvZRvwZK cwZvb| Avgvì `k iWmK GLb ejv nq iW wmU| IqvwK UwK eZvi Zii gvag Z_ Av`vb-c`vbi enbhvM h| cywjk IqvwK UwKi gvag Acivaxi MwZwewa `Z RvbZ cvi| Uwjwfkb `~i`kb| k kvbv hvq I Qwe `Lv hvq Ggb h| mvi ci Avgvi Uwjwfkb `Lv eviY| BUvibU KwcDUvi hvMvhvM eev, (internet)| KwDUvii BUvibU mshvM Ki `k-we`k hvMvhvM Kiv hvq| KwDUvi MYbv, gy`Y, evZv ciY BZvw` hveZxq KvRi DchvMx BjKUwbK h| AvRKvj AbK jLvcovq KwcDUvi eenvi Ki| Iqv IqvBW Iqe : wekevcx hvMvhvM Zi Iqv IqvBW Iqei gvag `Z Z_ cvVvbv hvq| B-gBj
3. Wvb w`K _K k eQ wbq evg w`Ki ki m wgjvB

gvbyli hvMvhvMi Avbi AvwdKvi
Avgvi evsjv eB 100
msKZ f~wgKv mgvU m~Pbv
fviZeli iIqvR eBqi Rxeb MvQi ivRviv cvimi DcRvwZ WvKwewji mvi eZvii WMv j Kij `Le euv w`Ki kwji cZKwUB i wKsev-Gi wefw hvM MwVZ| G jv wefw hy Ki Avgiv Ab ki m m^ ev mcK Zwi Kwi| hgb, ZwdK I eB Avjv`v k| Dfqi ga mcK bB| ZwdKi eB ejj eBq m ZwdKi gvwjKvbvi mK Zwi nq| evKiY i GesGi wefwhy kK m^ c` ej| 4. GK k cKvk Kwi cniv `q h fvev hvq bv Ggb Kbv Kiv hvq bv Ggb cwinvi Kiv hvq bv Ggb
5.
mwVK DiwU ewj I LvZvq wjwL
K. gvbyli Rxeb hvMvhvMi m~Pbv KLb ? AvaywbK Kvj/Avw`g Kvj/mcwZ L. gvbyli hvMvhvMi c_g iZc~Y NUbv KvbwU ? nvwZqvi eenvi/ fvlv Avwevi/ bKv Avwevi M. AvwdKvi DcRvwZiv `~i `~ivZ Kxfve msev` cvVvZ? Xvj wcwUq/ wkv duyK/ evnK gvidZ N. UwjwhvMhvM eevq c_g eeZ h KvbwU? Uwjdvb/ eZvi/ UwjMvd O. hvMvhvMi mekl mshvRb KvbwU? eZvi /Uwjwfkb/ BUvibU
Avgvi evsjv eB 101
6. Dijv ewj
K. hvMvhvM ejZ Kx evSvq? L. Avgiv Kvb Kvb Dcvq GK Abi m hvMvhvM Ki _vwK? M. huviv `~i _vKb Zuvì m Kxfve Avgiv hvMvhvM KiZ cvwi? N. jLv Avwevii AvM gvbyl Kxfve hvMvhvM KiZ? O. mKvj Xvji gvag Kxfve msev` cPvi Kiv nZ? P. ewMZ I cwZvwbK hvMvhvMi mePq Rbwcq gvag Kx? P. mjdvbi myweav Kx? R. eZvi ejZ Kx evSvq? S. IqvwK UwKi KvR Kx? T. hvMvhvMi AvaywbKZg Dcvqi i KLb _K? U. Iqe-Gi cyiv bvg Kx?
7. msc Di wjwL
K. msKZi gvag gvbyl Kxfve hvMvhvM Ki D`vniYmn wjL| L. `wMvn `~iZ Avw`g gvbyli hvMvhvMi Dcvq Kx wQj? M. KZ eQi AvM Kvb ivRv `~i-`~ivZi hvMvhvMi Rb bZzb Dcvq ei Kib? DcvqwU Kx? N. hvMvhvMi gy`Yh I QvcvLvbvi f~wgKv Kx? O. we`r Avwevii dj hvMvhvM eevq Kx aiYi cvjve`j NU? P. Uwjdvb Avwevii dj hvMvhvMi Kx aibi DbwZ mvwaZ nqQ? Q. hvMvhvMi BUvibUi f~wgKv Kx? R. hvMvhvMi AvaywbKZg Dcvqjv Kx?
8. AvaywbK hvMvhvM eevq eeZ wbPi DcKiYjv mcK `ywU Ki evK wjwL
UwjMvg, Uwjdvb, B-gBj, dv, mjdvb, iwWI, Uwjwfkb, BUvibU|
Avgvi evsjv eB 102
gnvvbMo GKw`b
Avgiv hLb gnvvb wMq cuQvjvg, ZLb m~h gv_vi Ici| m~hi iwk Qwoq coQ weZxY cvZi| AvjvwKZ ici ga w`q cvPxb KxwZ hb RxeZ nq DVQ| eov kni _K AvU gvBj Di cvPxi- Niv cZZwK wb`kb GB gnvvbMo| AvR m~hi Avjv bfvi AvMB Avgiv gnvbMo `LZ PvB| gnvvbMo AvQ cZZvwK Rv`yNi| Rv`yNii ZveavqKK Avgiv AvMB msev` w`q iLwQjvg| Avgiv wZb Rb| Avwg, Avwei Avi Abv| gnvvbMoi Rv`yNii cvkB iqQ Mvwe`wfUv| GLvb AvQ GKwU AwZw_kvjv| mLvb Avgvì Avnvi I wekvgi eev Kiv nqQ| Mvwe`wfUv cZZvwK wb`kb| wUjvi gZv DuPz RvqMv| gvwUi wXwe Luyo ei Kiv nqQ cvPxb hyMi vcZ| wXwewU ek DuPz| wbP AvQ KiZvqvi xYaviv| GK mgq wekvj b`x wQj KiZvqv| Zvi MwZI wQj wZe| KiZvqv GLb cvq-gZ b`x| elvKvj wKQzUv cvYeZ nq IV| wK kxZ nq hvq RxYkxY| wVK weKj ejvq Avgiv gnvvbMoi Dii mvcvb eq Ici DVjvg| gv_vi Dci coZ m~hi Avjv| Pviw`K Rbgvbek~b| gb nj GB mB cvPxb evsjvi AbZg cvPxb bMi cyeab| GLvb GKw`b ivRv wQj, ivbx wQj, ivRKbv wQj, wQj gx, cvwg, AgvZ, mbvevwnbx, cnix, viiK| nvwZkvj nvwZ wQj, Nvovkvj wQj Nvov| KiZvqvi NvU bKv wfoZ, `k-we`ki ewYKiv eemv KiZ AvmZ, Zx_hvxiv AvmZ| AvmZ chUKiv| RbKvjvnj gyLwiZ wQj GB bMi| AvR weKj Avgiv ùvwoq AvwQ GKwU Rbk~b weivbf~wgZ| Abv cZZi Qvx| gvwUi Zjvq h mfZv XvKv co AvQ, Lbb Ki mjv Dvi KivB Zvi j| m ejj cyeabK cybMiI ejv nq| Pviw`K h DuPz cvPxi mwU Di-`wY weZZ| mgZj f~wg _K cvPxii DPZv 4.57 wgUvi (15 dzU)| Kvbv Kvbv RvqMv 10.67 wgUvi (35 dzU) DuPz| `yMi fZi `yUv
Avgvi evsjv eB 103
gwìi asmvekl AvQ| GwU jvKgyL eivMxi wfUv bvg AwfwnZ| Aviv GKwU wfUvi bvg cvIqv hvq, Zvi bvg - Lv`vi cv_i wfUv| GLvb GKwU weivU cv_i AvQ| GB cv_iwUi IRb cvq mvo wZb Ub| m Rb vbwUi bvg Lv`vi cv_i wfUv| GLvb `yUv Rjvavii AwZZ j Kiv hvq| GKwUi bvg RxqZ Kz ev Rxeb K~c, AciwUi bvg gvbKwji Kz| jvKkwZ nQ- RxqZ Kzi cvwb Lj gZ ew cvY wdi cvq| gvbKwji Kz m^ ejv nq-Gi bvg nqQ Rbag cPviK Mvkvjv gvbKwji bvg Abymvi|
Abv ejB PjQ| weKji Dj Avjvq Avgvì gb nQ Avgiv icK_v bwQ| m ejj, Aviv GKwU RvqMv AvQ| Zvi bvg ciivgi evwo| RxqZ Kz Avi gvbKwji Kzi ga AvQ ciivgi evwo| Abv K_v kl KiZ bv KiZB Avwei ejZ i Kij- Avwg BwZnvmi Qv| GB gnvvb Avgvi KvQ BwZnvmi ^Ycyix| Gi avc avc Avgvì cvPxb mfZvi wb`kb Pvcv co wQj| eyKvbb nvwgb Avi AvjKRvvi Kvwbsnvg G m^ mKji `w AvKlY Kib| asmvekl Lbb Ki GLb chZ hv cvIqv MQ ZvZ Mo DVQ
Avgvi evsjv eB 104
gnvvbMo Rv`yNi| GLvb Rbagi wKQz wb`kb cvIqv wMqQ| G QvovI GLvb AvQ eagi wb`kb, wn`yagi wb`kb Avi Bmjvwg mfZvi wb`kb| cyeab G `ki mfZvi wewP Dcv`vb mwZ AvQ| Abv PzwcPzwc wRvmv Kij, KZ wb`kb cvIqv wMqQ? Avwei MoMo Ki ejZ i Kij-wkjvwjwc cvIqv wMqQ, fM Rbg~wZ cvIqv wMqQ, eyg~wZ cvIqv wMqQ, AjsKZ BU cvIqv wMqQ, avZzi Zwi GKwU P ev m~h, GKUv huvo, GKUv evN, GKUv Nvov, GKUv wmsn Ges Aviv AbK wKQz cvIqv wMqQ| Gme wb`kb myìfve mvRvbv AvQ Rv`yNi| Kvj mKvj Avgiv `Le Gme wb`kb| Nwoi w`K ZvKvbvi K_v gb wQj bv Kiv| co weKji m~h cwg w`M AZvPji hvx ZLb| wbRb Mvgi MvQcvji Qvqv AKviK nvZQvwb w`Q| Avgiv gnvbi wmuwo eq wbP bg Gjvg| wdi Gjvg Aw_wZkvjvq| gb nj GBgv gvnvbi AZxZ RbRxeb _K evZe bg Gjvg| gbmyi gymv
gnvvbMo
Avgvi evsjv eB 105
cvV wkwL
1. ki A_ I cqvM Rb wbB
iwk wKiY| Rvbvjv w`q Nii fZi m~hi iwk coQ| cZZvwK cvPxbKvji emvgMx A_vr gy`v, wjwc, fMvekl BZvw`| gnvvb AbK cZZvwK wb`kb cvIqv MQ| ZveavqK `Lvkvbv Kib whwb| Rv`yNii ZveavqK GKRb vbx ew| DbvPb Lvjv, Dby Kiv| cvPxb mfZvi inm DbvPbi Rb AviI Lbb cqvRb| vcZ `vjvb KvVv, vcbv| vcZ whwb wbgvY Kib ZuvK ejv nq cwZ| mvcvb avc| mvcvb eq eq cyKzi bvgZ nq| viiK `vivqvb, cnix| `yMi ìRvq viiK AvQ| cvPxi Ìqvj| gnvvbMoi Pvicvk cvPxi wQj| asmvekl asm nIqvi ciI hv Aewk _vK| gnvvbMo cvPxb ivRavwbi asmvekl cvIqv MQ| AZvPj cwg w`MZ, m~h Wye hvIqvi w`K| m~h GLb AZvPj|
2. k~Yvb c~iY Kwi

K. m~hi Qwoq coQ weZxY cvZi| L. gnvvbMoi Rv`yNii cvkB iqQ | M. wbP AvQ xYaviv| N. KiZvqv GLb gZ b`x| O. Rb Kvjvnj wQj GB bMi| P. m Rb vbwUi bvg cv_iwfUv| Q. GLvb `yUv AwZZ j Kiv hvq| R. Nwoi w`K K_v gb wQj bv Kviv| S. wdi Gjvg |
Avgvi evsjv eB 106
3. ckjvi Di wjwL
K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. gnvvbMo eov kni _K KZ ì? gnvvbMo Rv`yNii cvk Kx AvQ? cvPxb evsjvi AbZg cvPxb bMii bvg Kx? cyeabK Avi Kx ejv nq? cvPxb bMixZ Kx Kx wQj? Rjvavi `yUvi bvg Kx? cv_iwUi IRb KZ? K K gnvvbMoi w`K mKji `w AvKlY Kib? asmvekl _K Kx Kx wb`kb cvIqv MQ? M jLKi m h `yRb mx wQj Zvì bvg Kx Kx?
4. K_vjv eyS wbB

LimvZv b`x h b`xi mvZ ZxeeM cevwnZ nq| gZ b`x h b`xi cevn wwgZ nq wMqQ| RbKvjvnj jvKRbi AvIqvR I K_vevZv| weivbfwg Rbgvbekb gvV ev vb| jvKkywZ GKRb jvKi KvQ _K b Ab jvK Zv cybivew Ki| cybive nIqvi dj jvK cicivq hv gvbyl RvbZ cvi ZvK ej jvKkywZ| jvKkyZ mZ nZI cvi, bvI nZ cvi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 107
cvwL
e` Avjx wgqv
LuvPvi `yqvi AvjMv cvBqv Do MQ cvwL eb, QvU Kvjv cvwL Do MQ ì bxj bf Ab| kb LuvPvwU Abvì nv_v co AvQ GK avi, LvKv ewm cvk AkymRj PvL gvQ evi evi| GK`v LvKb ì `k wMq GbwQj GK cvwL, mvivw`b Zvi KwiZ hZb mhZb eyK ivwL| QvU Kvjv cvwL KyPKyP `n-ikg cvjK Zvi, `ywU PvL Zvi ebi ^cb RvM ì cvivevi| GZ fvjvevmv, GZ h mvnvM, cvl Zey gvb bvB, LuvPvi cvPxi cvLv SvcwUqv, c_ LyuwRqvQ ZvB| LvKv Pvq cvwL - cvwL Pvq eb - ^vaxb gy cvY, K Zvnvi RvM Y Y bxj AvKvki Mvb| LvKv fve gb, G cvwL Zvnvi - Mvb m kvbvq Zvq Rvb bv Zv Kfy Kvbv Zvnvi myi nq evwnivq| Mvb wb Zvi gy nBqv fewQj LvKv gb cvl gvwbqvQ, fyj MQ eb - ie m Zvnvi mb| Avì Kwiqv LuvPvi `yqvi w`j GKevi Lywj gb Kfy Kviv ek bvwn gvb, m K_v Mj h fywj| mnmv cvwLwU Kvjv Wvbv gwj Do Mj ì `k, Zvwi kvK AvR LvKvi bqb AkyZ hvq fm|
Avgvi evsjv eB 108
cvV wkwL
cvwL Pvq Iovi Avb`| ZvK hZ hZB ivLv nvK, hZB cvl gvbvbv nvK, GZ Zvi gb cvIqv hvq bv| LvKv cvwLwU GbwQj AbK ì _K K Ki, hZ Ki jvjb cvjbI KiwQj| wKy hB GKw`b LuvPvi gyL Lvjv cj, cvwLwU Pj Mj| m Avi wdi Gj bv| KviY, mKj cvYxi gZv cvwLI Pvq gywi ^v`| cvwL Pvq ^vaxbZv|
2. kjvi A_ Rb wbB
AvjMv bxj bf Ab nv_v AkymRj cvivevi mvnvM cvPxi bqb kvK Abvì ì ^vaxb gy kvK AvKvk Lvjv| bxj AvKvk| mLvb, ILvb| mvaviYZ G aibi k KweZvq eeZ nq| PvLi Rj fRv| mgy`| Avì hZ| Ìqvj| PvL| `ytL, e`bvq| Avì KvQ civaxb e Avb` cvZvj
3. wbPi kjvi wecixZ k Rb wbB
Avgvi evsjv eB 109

LuvPv, Ab, AkymRj, cvivevi, mvnvM, bqb

K. L. M. N. O. LvKv cvwLwU Kv_v _K GbwQj? cvwLwU Do Mj Kxfve? cvwLwU wK cvl gbwQj, Kb gvb wb? cvwLi gbi ga me mgq Kx RM _vKZ? KweZvwUi gjK_v Kx?
6. wbPi kjv wPb wbB| mvaviYZ M` iPbvq G aibi k eeZ nq bv

nv_v, hZb, ^cb, evwnivq|
7. Kwe cwiwPwZ
e` Avjx wgqv 1906 wLv cvebv Rjvi ivavbMi Mvg RbMnY Kib| wk mvwnwZK wnme wZwb LvwZ jvf Kib| wPwkx wnmeI Zuvi cwiwPwZ wQj| Zuvi weLvZ M gqbvgZxi Pi| QvUì Rb Zuvi jLv eB gNKygvix, KuyPeiY Kbv, wkqvj cwZi cvVkvjv BZvw`| wZwb 1979 mvj ivRkvnxZ gZyeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 110
gvbyli ez MvQcvjv
fe `L Zv, cw_exZ hw` MvQcvjv bv _vKZ Zvnj Kx nZ? Avgiv wK Zvnj euvPZ cviZvg? Avmj MvQcvjv Avgvì cig ez| MvQcvjv Qvov cw_exZ Avgvì Rxeb APj| evZvm kvm wbZ bv cvij Avgvì gZz Awbevh| evZvm _K AwRb wbq Avgiv euvwP| wbtkvmi m Avgiv Kveb WvB AvBW bvg welv Mvm evZvm Qvwo| Ab w`K MvQcvjv evZvm _K KvebWvB AvBW MnY Ki I evZvm AwRb Qvo| MvQcvjv bv _vKj GK mgq evZvmi AwRb GKevi kl nq hZ| Avi Avgiv gZzi Kvj Xj ciZvg|
ez MvQcvjv Aviv GKfve Avgvì euvPZ mvnvh Ki| mUv nj, MvQcvjv Avgvì bvbv iKg Lvì RvMvb`vi| Gme Lvì ga iqQ bvbv iKg dj, kvKmewR, Lv`km, wPwb, ev`vg I Zj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 111
MvQcvjv _K Avgiv AbK iKg dj cvB| Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj, Kjv, cqviv, wjPz, AvZv, eiB, Rvgij, cuc, md`v, Avcj, bvkcvwZ, Avbvim, Avgov Ges Ggwb Aviv KZ Kx| Avw`g gvbyl hLb ivbvevbv RvbZ bv, ZLb djg~j LqB RxebaviY KiZ| GLb Avgiv Abvb Lvevi LjI dj _K cPzi wfUvwgb I LwbR Dcv`vb cvB| Gjv kixi MVb Ges ivMevjvB _K kixi ivq Avgvì mnvqZv Ki| kvKmewR _KI Avgiv bvbv Lv`-Dcv`vb cq _vwK| Nb meyR I njy` kvKmewR Ges Avjy, wgw Avjy, wkg BZvw`Z cPzi Lv` Dcv`vb iqQ| Gjv Avgvì kw RvMvq| Avgiv Pvj, Wvj, Mg, he BZvw` Lv`km fvZ, iwU, QvZz, cvDiwU, civUv, wcV, cvqm BZvw` wnme LvB| Gme Lv`km Avgvì kwi cvavb Drm| ev`vgRvZxq Lv` wnme Avgiv wPbvev`vg, KvRyev`vg, AvLivU, cZv BZvw` Lq _vwK| GmeI Avgiv MvQcvjv _K cvB| wPwb ev kKivRvZxq Lv` Avgiv cq _vwK AvL, LRyi, Zvj BZvw` MvQ _K| ZjRvZxq Lv` Avgiv cvB mwilv, bviKj, wZj, ev`vg, m~hgyLx, mqvweb, RjcvB BZvw` Dwì exR ev g _K| AbK Dw` _K Avgiv bvbviKg gkjv cvB| hgb-gwiP, KvjwRiv, cuqvR, imyb, Av`v, njy`, ab, ZRcvZv, GjvP, `viwPwb, MvjgwiP BZvw`| Pv, Kwd, KvKv BZvw` gyLivPK cvbxq Avgiv cvB Dw` _K| Pv Zwi nq cvZv _K Avi Kwd I KvKv Zwi nq exR _K| Wve, LRyii im BZvwÌ gyLivPK cvbxq| Avgiv Mi-QvMj, nuvm-gyiwM BZvwì gvsm wnme hme cvwYR Lv` LvB mme cvYxI wKQz Lvì Rb MvQcvjvi Ici wbfikxj| Avgvì Rxeb MvQcvjv Aviv AbK KvR jvM| mB Avw`g Kvj _K Nievwo Zwii KvR gvbyl MvQcvjv eenvi Ki AvmQ| Nii LuywU, eov, Pvj ZwiZ GK mgq Dwì eenvi Acwinvh wQj| Rvjvwb Zj, Mvm I we`yr Avwevii AvM KvV, Wvj cvjv I jZvcvZvB wQj gvbyli cqvRbxq Rvjvwb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 112
KvV Avgvì cqvRbxq ebR m`| Pqvi, Uwej, Avjgvwi _K i Ki w`qvkjvBqi KvwV chZ e aibi wRwbm ZwiZ KvV Avgvì KvR jvM| wekl Ki Avmevecmn bvbviKg KvVi KvR gnMwb, mb, kvj, MRb BZvw` ei KvV eeZ nq| Avgiv ivevi MvQ _K ivevi I Kc~i MvQ _K Kci cvB| Zzjv I cvU ej cwiwPZ Z Drcv`bKvwi MvQ| KvMR, iqb, ~ cvBDW, cvwK, Zviwcb, Kqjv, gvg, is, AvVv BZvw` ZwiZI MvQcvjv Avgvì KvR jvM|
wKQz MvQcvjv AvQ mjvK Avgiv ewj flR Dw`| mjvi jZv-cvZv, Qvj, wKsev kKo Ilya ZwiZ eeZ nq| hgb wmvbv MvQ gvjwiqvi Ilya KzBbvBb ZwiZ KvR jvM| KvjvgN, bqbZviv, AvmvgjZv, kZP`b BZvw` Dw` flR Ymcb| Kvbv Kvbv MvQ Avevi A m`h I mifi Rb weLvZ - hgb: P`b|
Avgvi evsjv eB 113
emZ evwoi kvfv eab I D`vb iPbvqI MvQi Rywo bB| P`gwjKv, wRwbqv, Muv`v, `vcvwU, Kiwe, Puvcv, KvVvwjPuvcv, Rev, iRbxMv, Mvjvc, huyB BZvw` dzj Ges bvbviKgi AwKW I cvZvevnvi MvQ cwiekK kvfb I myì Ki| Kej m`hi cwiek bq, gvbyli AwZZ ivi AbyKj cwiek ZwiZI MvQi Rywo bB| MvQcvjv GKw`K wbmMi kvfv ew, Abw`K cKwZi fvimvg ivqI cvjb Ki AmvaviY f~wgKv| e I ebf~wg evqygjK we I kxZj ivLZ mvnvh Ki| hLvb MvQcvjv I ebf~wg ewk, mLvb fvjv ew nq| Gi dj f~wgZ cvwbi cwigvY evo, Pvlvev` I dmj fvjv nq| Zv Qvov MvQcvjv gvwUi DeiZv evovq, gvwUi qiva Ki| So, ew I ebv cwZivaI MvQcvjv mnvqZv Ki| MvQcvjv bv _vKj cwiek nq DVZ D| cw_ex nq DVZ gif~wg| gvbyli AwZZ nZ wecb| ZvB BQ gZv MvQ KvUv I eb DRvo Kiv wVK bq| Zvnj Zv ne Avgvì AwZZi Rb gwK| G RbB me MvQ jvMvbvi D`vM bIqv nQ| ebvqb Kgm~wP evZevwqZ nQ| Avgvì cwiek ivi Rb MvQcvjvi Kvbv weK bB| ZvB AvR vMvb DVQ MvQ jvMvb, cwiek euvPvb| Avgiv MvQ jvMve Ges cwiek ivq mnvqZv Kie|
W. gvneyeyj nK
cvV wkwL
Awbevh wbeviY ev Govbv hvq bv Ggb| jvKUv Awbevh gZzi nvZ _K wdi GmQ| cwikvab weklfve wKiY| XvKvq cvwb cwikvab cK nvZ bIqv nqQ| Z myZv| GK mgq ikwg Zi Kvco ek Rbwcq wQj| cvBDW ciZ ciZ Zix Kwg Zv| AvRKvj KvVi e`j cvBDWI eeZ nQ|
Avgvi evsjv eB 114
Ilyai Ymcb MvQcvjv| G eb bvbv iKg flR Dw` iqQ| AwKW ciMvQv, GK RvZxq dzj| kvgxgvì evMvb AbK aibi AwKWi MvQ AvQ| wbmM cKwZ| wbmMi kvfv mevBK Avb` `q| AwZZ _vKvi Aev, we`gvbZv| cwiek `~lYi dj gvbyli AwZZ gwKi myLxb| fvimvg fvii mgZv| cwieki fvimvg iv Kiv Avgvì mevi `vwqZ| DRvo wbtkl| gvbyli euvPvi cqvRb wbwePvi eb DRvo Kiv Pje bv| ebvqb eb mwi D`vM| ebvqb Kgm~wP cwiek ivq BwZevPK dj è| vMvb wgwQj DPvwiZ `vwe `vIqv| weki `k `k GLb cwiek ivi vMvb DVQ| flR
2. wVK Dijvi LvZvq wjwL

K. MvQcvjv evZvm _K Kx MnY Ki? AwRb/ bvBUvRb/ Kveb-WvB-AvBW L. MvQcvjv bv _vKj evZvmi Kvb Dcv`vb kl nq hZ? AwRb/ Kveb-WvB-AvBW/ bvBUvRb M. Lv`km wKmi cavb Drm? wfUvwgb/ LwbR Dcv`vb/ kw N. mwilv, bviKj, ev`vg Kvb RvZxq Lv`? dj/ Z/ Zj O. Kx _K KwV I KvKv Zwi nq? jZv/ dj/ exR P. KvbwU Z Drcv`bKvix MvQ? gnMwb/ kvj/ cvU Q. KvbwU flR Ymcb? MRb/ wmvbv/ mb R. gvjwiqvi Jla KvbwU _K Zwi nq ? wmvbv/ AvmvgjZv/ KvjvgN S. hLvb MvQcvjv I ebf~wg ewk mLvb Kx nq? ew/ Liv/ So T. MvQcvjv bv _vKj cwiek Kgb nZ? kxZj/ bvwZkxZv/ D
Avgvi evsjv eB 115
3.
wewfb cKvii Lv` wZbwU Ki bvg wjwL

K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. djRvZxq Lv` kvKmewRRvZxq Lv` kmRvZxq Lv` wPwbRvZxq Lv` ev`vgRvZxq Lv` ZjRvZxq Lv` gkjvRvZxq Lv` cvbxqRvZxq Lv` cvwYRRvZxq Lv` : : : : : : : : :
4.
Dijv ewj
K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. MvQcvjv bv _vKj Avgvì Kx Aev nZ? MvQcvjv Avgvì Kx Kx aibi Lvì hvMvb `q? ev`vgRvZxq Lv` Kvbjv? wPwb ev kKiv RvZxq Lv` Kvb Kvb MvQ _K cvIqv hvq? Kvb Kvb Dwì exR ev g _K Avgiv Zj cvB? Dw` _K Avgiv Kx Kx gkjv cvB? gvbyl Qvov Avi Kviv MvQcvjvi Ici wbfikxj? Avmevec ZwiZ mvaviYZ Kx Kx ei KvV eeZ nq? Zzjv I cvU Kvb aibi MvQ? KqKwU flR Dwì bvg ewj| KzBbvBb Zwi nq Kvb MvQ _K? P`b e Kx Rb weLvZ? AvRKi w`b cwiek ivi vMvb Kx?
5. msc Di wjwL
K. gvbyl I MvQcvjv evZvm _K Kx MnY Ki Avi Kx ZvM Ki? L. MvQcvjv _K Avgiv Kx Kx dj cvB ? kixi ivq Gjv Avgvì Kxfve mnvqZv Ki ?
Avgvi evsjv eB 116
M. Kvb Kvb Lv`km Avgvì kixi kwi cavb Drm? mjv Avgiv Kx Kx Lvevi wnme LvB ? N. Nievwo ZwiZ MvQcvjv Kxfve KvR jvM ? O. emZevwoi kvfv eab Ki Ges D`vb iPbvi KvR eeZ nq Ggb wKQz MvQcvjvi bvg wjwL| P. cKwZi fvimvg ivq MvQcvjv Kx f~wgKv cvjb Ki ?
6. evK iPbv Kwi

ivMevjvB, kvKmewR, Lv`km, gyLivPK, Wvjcvjv, Avmevec, evqygj, gwK, ebvqb, mnvqZv| 7. myì nvZi jLvq 25 m.wg.PIov I 38 m. wg.j^v GK wkU mv`v KvMR wbPi K_vjv wjL GKwU cvvi Zwi Kwi MvQ jvMvb cwiek euvPvb 8. Qq aibi MvQi cvZv msMn Kwi| 25 m.wg.(10 Bw) PIov I 37.5 m.wg. (15 Bw) j^v KvMR mjv AvVv w`q `yB mvwiZ jvMvB Ges cwZwU cvZvi wbP cvZvi bvg wjwL| wkKi mnvqZvq mevi msMn I cvvi mvwRq GKwU c`kbxi AvqvRb Kwi|
9. MvQcvjvi cqvRbxqZv welq `kwU evK wjwL|
Avgvi evsjv eB 117
RvbvwKiv
Avnmvb nvexe Zviv ZLb Zviv GKwU `ywU wZbwU Ki Gj wew- fRv kxZi nvIqv eBQ Gjvgjv, GKwU `ywU wZbwU Ki Gj| _B _B _B AKvi SvDqi kvLv `vj AKvi kb kb kb AvIqvR ay Zvj| fqZ eyK Pc SvDqi kvLv, cvwLi cvLv DVQ Kuc Kuc| GKwU `ywU wZbwU Ki Gm GK kv `y kv wZb kv Ki SuvK eua hvq kl ejj, I fvB SvDqi kvLv, ejj, I fvB cvwL, AKvi fq cqQ bvwK? ejj ZLb cvZvi duvK Kx hb PgKvjv| AevK PvLi PvIqvq GKUzLvwb Avjv|
mB
ZLb
Zviv
hLb AevK
Avgvi evsjv eB 118
hLb Qwoq Mj WvjcvjvZ mevB `j `j ZLb SvDqi kvLvq cvwLi cvLvq nxi-gvwbK Rj| hLb nxi-gvwbK Rj ZLb _gK ùvovq kxZi nvIqv PgK wMq ejLywk-Lywk gyLwU wbq Zvgiv Gj Kviv? Zvgiv wK fvB bxj AvKvki Zviv? Avjvi cvwL bvg RvbvwK RvwM ivZi ejv, wbRK Rj GB Avgvì fvjvevmvi Ljv| Zviv bBK bBK Zviv bB AvKvki Puv` QvU eyK AvQ ayB fvjvevmvi mva|
cvV wkwL
1. KweZvwUi g~jfve Rb bB
RvbvwK cvKv AKvi wgUwgU Ki| hLb ivZ AKvi bg Avm ZLb RvbvwKiv `j eua Svc-Suvo Avjv Qovq| GB Avjv Qovbvi fZi w`qB RvbvwKiv Avbì I fvjvevmvi Ljv Lj| AbK Avjv wewjq Ìqvi gaB RvbvwKi Avb`|
Avgvi evsjv eB 119
2. wbPi kjvi A_ Rb wbB, evLv wjwL

Gjvgjv _B _B AevK Avjvi cvwL AMvQvjv, Qwoq wQwUq _vKv|Gjvgjv evZvm eBQ| fi IVv| ebvi dj gvV-NvU cvwbZ _B _B KiQ| wewZ| AevK PvL `LQ Kx? h cvwL Avjv Qovq, RvbvwK| Avjvi cvwL RvbvwK AKvi c_ `Lvq|
3. wbPi K_vjv eyS wbB

K. _B _B _B AKvi SvDqi kvLv `vj mB AKvi kb kb kb AvIqvR ay Zvj| SvDebi kvLvq kvLvq ivZi AKvi Ggb RgvU eua iqQ h wKQyB `Lv hvQ bv| Kej SvDqi kvLvq kb kb k kvbv hvQ| L. SvDqi kvLvq cvwLi cvLvq nxi-gvwbK Rj| SvDebi kvLvq kvLvq, cvZvi Avovj jywKq _vKv cvwLi cvLvq RvbvwKiv Gm wfo Rgvq Avi Avjv Qovq, ZLb gb nq hb nvRvi nvRvi nxi-gvwbK Rj Rj Ki RjQ| M. wbRK Rj GB Avgvì fvjvevmvi Ljv| RvbvwKiv Avjv eq eovq| ivZi ejv hLb AKvi Pviw`K wNi dj, RvbvwKiv ZLb SuvK SuvK ewiq Avm| Zvì Avjvq Svc-Svo AvjvwKZ nq IV| GfveB RvbvwKiv wbRi Avjv w`q AciK AvjvwKZ Ki| GZB Zvì Avb`|
4. RvbvwKiv KweZvwUZ _B _B I kb kb k `ywU AvQ| G iKg AviI KqKwU ki eenvi wkwL

_B _B nB nB Sb Sb Kb Kb elvi cvwbZ gvV-NvU _B _B KiQ| nB nB KiZ KiZ mevB QyU Gj|
Avgvi evsjv eB 120
fb fb kb kb

K. L. M. N. O. P. RvbvwKiv Kv_vq Gm wfo Rgvj? RvbvwKì cvLvq Kgb k kvbv hvwQj? SvDqi kvLv Avi cvwLiv fq Kuc DVwQj Kb? RvbvwKiv cvwLì Kx ejj? SvDqi kvLvq cvwLi cvLvq nxi-gvwbK Rj| GB nxi-gvwbK Kviv? Zvgiv wK fvB bxj AvKvki Zviv? - K_vwU K KvK ejQ? Kb ejQ? GB cvwL wbRK ivZi fvjvevmvi
6. Wvb w`K _K k Gb kbvb ciY Kwi

Avjvi bvg RvbvwK RvwM ejv, Rj Avgvì Ljv
7. ZvgvK AvR LywkLywk gb nQ - GB evK LywkLywk weklY c`| G iKg AviI KqKwU weklY c` wbq evK iPbv Kwi
nvwm-nvwm ivwk-ivwk KwP-KwP jvj-jvj fq-fq
8. Kwe cwiwPwZ
Kwe Avnmvb nvexe 1917 wLv wcivRcyi Rjvi ksKicvkv Mvg RbMnY Kib| wk-wKkviì Rb wZwb cPzi Qov I KweZv wjLQb| Zuvi KweZvi Q` I k mnRB gb Kvo| wZwb wQjb ckvq mvsevw`K, `xNw`b bvbv cwKvi mvwnZi cvZvi mv`Ki `vwqZ cvjb KiQb| ew co Uvcyi Uzcyi I QywUi w`b `ycyi Zuvi wkZvl KveM|
Avgvi evsjv eB 121
gRjyg RbbZv gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx

evsjvi KlK-gRyi-kwgKi AwZ AvcbRb h gvbylwU, Zuvi bvg gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx| wPiKvj wbhvwZZ, wbcxwoZ gvbyli KvQvKvwQ Gm ùvwoqQb wZwb| gRjyg gvbyli myL `ytL Kuva Kuva wgwjq Zvì K_v ejQb| msMvg KiQb| GRb wZwb gRjyg RbbZv| Avmvgi fvmvbPii evOvwj KlKì AwaKvi Av`vqi Rb mLvbKvi KlKiv fvjvem ZuvK fvmvbPii gIjvbv, ci fvmvbx bvg `q| mB _K Zuvi cwiPq nq gIjvbv fvmvbx| gIjvbv fvmvbx G Rb `ki mvaviY gvbyli GK wcq bvg, iYxq bvg| wmivRMi avbMov Mvgi GK `wi` KlK cwievi Ave`yj nvwg` Lvbi Rb nq 1880 mvj| Zuvi evevi bvg nvRx kivdZ Avjx Lvb| gvqi bvg gvmvr gwRib wewe| A eqmB wZwb wcZgvZnxb nb| Zuvi GK PvPv Bevnxg Lvb ZuvK kke Avkq `b| G PvPvi KvQ _KB wZwb gvìvmvq covkvbv Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 122
G mgq wZwb BivK _K AvMZ GK cxi mvnei n`w jvf Kib| wZwb ZuvK fviZi Ìe` gvìvmvq cvwVq `b| G mgq wZwb `kveva Dy nb| gvìvmvi cov kl Ki wZwb UvvBji KvMgvwii GK cvBgvwi yj wkKZv iy Kib| GLvb wkKZvKvj wZwb Rwg`vii AZvPvi, wbhvZb `LZ cvb| Gi weiy cwZev` I msMvg iy Kib| dj Rwg`vii wel-bRi co ZuvK KvMgvwi QvoZ nq| evBk eQi eqm KsMm bZv `key wPib `vki Av`k wZwb AbycvwYZ nq ivRbxwZZ hy nb| Gici AmnhvM Av`vjb hvM `b| ZuvK Kviviy Kiv nq| mZi gvm ci wZwb gyw cvb| Gici 1924 mvj wmivRM GK mfvq KlK mvaviYi Ici Rwg`viì kvlY, wbcxob I AZvPvii Kvwnbx Zyj aib| GB mfvq fvlYi Rb ZuvK wbRi Rbfwg QvoZ nq| wZwb G evi Pj hvb Avmvgi Rjki| G eQiB Avmvgi ayewo Rjvi fvmvbPi evOvwj KlKì Ici AZvPvii weiy wZwb GK wekvj cwZev`x mgveki AvqvRb Kib| GB mgvekB mvaviY KlKiv ZuvK fvmvbPii gIjvbv Z_v gIjvbv fvmvbx bvg AvLvwqZ Ki| gIjvbv fvmvbx Zuvi GK fvlY ejQb - Avwg LU-LvIqv gvbyli K_v ewj| GB gvbyliv KvR Ki LZ-Lvgvi, KvR Ki Kj-KviLvbvq| Giv KlK, Giv kwgK| Avi GivB Rwg`vi, gnvRb, gvwjKi Ryjygi wkKvi nq| gjZ mviv Rxeb wZwb GB wbcxwoZ gvbyli RbB msMvg KiQb| wZwb Avmvg jvBb c_vi weiyI Av`vjb Kib| fviZ wefvMi ci 1947 mvj wZwb Avmvg _K ceevsjvq Pj Avmb| wZwb c_g ce cvwKvb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM I ci AvIqvgx jxM cwZv Kib| wZwb UvvBji KvMgvwiZ emevm iy Kib| G mgq wZwb mvvwnK BdvK cwKv cwZv I cKvk iy Kib| 1952 mvj ivfvlv Av`vjb RwoZ _vKvi KviY wZwb Avevi MdZvi nb| 1954 mvji mvaviY wbevPb wZwb ki evsjv G K dRjyj nK I nvmb knx` mvnivIqv`xi m hydU MVb Kib| hydU GB wbevPb wecyj fvU Rqx nq|
Avgvi evsjv eB 123
1957 mvj fvmvbx UvvBji KvMgvwiZ GK wekvj AvRvwZK mvswZK mjb Avnvb Kib| G `ki BwZnvm G mjb KvMgvwi mjb bvg weLvZ| G mjb `k-we`ki e LvwZgvb mvwnwZK, mswZKgx I ivRbwZK bZe` hvM `b| G mjb wZwb ce cvwKvbi gvbyli ebvi wP Zyj aib| gIjvbv fvmvbx eySZ ciwQjb cvwKvbi cwg Aski kvmKiv ag I RvZxq msnwZi bvg ceevsjvi gvbylK kvlY KiQ| ZvB Zvì m GKB ivi euvab Aevb Kiv Avi me bq| m KviY 1969 mvji MYAfyvb wZwb iyZcY fwgKv cvjb Kib| RbMYK m wbq cvwKZvwb îvPvix miKvii weiy cej MYAv`vjb Mo Zvjb| 1970 mvji bfî cb gq`vb fvlY `vbKvj GB K_vwUB evi evi DPviY Ki RvwZK mZK Ki w`qwQjb wZwb| 1955, 1956 I 1957 mvjI wZwb NvlYv w`qwQjbcvwKvb miKvi ce cvwKvbi RbMYi Ici h AZvPvi, wbcxob PvjvQ, h elgbxwZ AbymiY KiQ, Zv PjZ _vKj ce cvwKvb GKw`b ^vaxb `k nq hve| Zuvi G K_v eve mZ cwiYZ nqQ| 1971 mvji 25k gvP `kevcx cvwKvwb mbì nZvh iy nj eez kL gywReyi ingvbi bZZ iy nq gywhy| gIjvbv fvmvbxi UvvBji Nievwo cvwKvwb mbiv cywoq `q| gywhy Ask bIqvi Rb wZwb fviZ Pj hvb| gywhy PjvKvj wZwb cevmx evsjv`k miKvii Dc`vgjxi m`m wQjb| 1971 mvji 16B wWmî cvwKvwb mbvevwnbx AvmgcY Kij wZwb ^vaxb evsjv`k wdi Avmb| ^vaxbZvi ciI Kvbv c`ghv`v I gvn ZuvK AvK KiZ cviwb| wZwb me mgq RbMYi cvk _K wewfb RbgyLx KgmwP cvjb Kib| hgb - Mv b`xi Ici fviZ KZK dvivv euva wbgvYi dj evsjv`k giyKiY cwqv iy nq| Gi cwZev` gvIjvbv fvmvbx 1976 mvji 16B g j j RbZvK m wbq XvKv _K ivRkvnx ch GK HwZnvwmK js gvP cwiPvjbv Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 124
gIjvbv fvmvbx wbR cvwZvwbK jLvcov KiZ cvibwb| wKy G `ki gvbyli Rb wkv, vb-wevi I cmvi wQj Zuvi AbK Ae`vb| wZwb mvl Bmjvwg wekwe`vjq, gnxcyi nvRx gvnv` gnwmb KjR, XvKvq AveyRi wMdvwi KjR I UvvBj gvIjvbv gvnv` Avjx KjR cwZv Kib| gIjvbv fvmvbx wQjb GKRb wbinsKvi Av`kevb gvbyl| Zuvi RxebvPiY wQj AZ mv`vgvUv I mnR mij| wZwb UvvBji mvl GKUv mvaviY evwoZ evm KiZb| LZb mvaviY gvbyli Lvevi| G iKg Abvoî Rxebhvcb Lye Kg `Lv hvq| A_P Zuvi ivRbwZK Rxeb wQj ewPcY| gRjyg RbbZv gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx 1976 mvji 17B bfî 96 eQi eqm XvKv gwWKj KjR nvmcvZvj gZzeiY Kib| GB msMvgx Rbìw` bZvi gZzZ Avgvì `ki ivRbxwZZ GKwU hyMi Aemvb NU| ZuvK UvvBj Rjvi mvl Bmjvwg wekwe`vjq msjM cvY mgvwnZ Kiv nq| gIjvbv fvmvbxi Rxeb _K Avgiv wkv cvB cMvp ^`kcg, cMwZkxj Av`k I cwZev`x PZbvi| wZwb wPiKvj kvq I fvjvevmvq euP _vKeb G `ki KvwU KvwU gvbyli `q| kwdDj Avjg
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ Rb wbB
wbhvwZZ wbcxwoZ gRjyg wel-bRi Kviviy RxebvPiY cwZev`x mgvek AZvPvwiZ| `wjZ, AZvPvwiZ| hvì Ici Ryjyg ev AZvPvi Kiv nqQ, DrcxwoZ| Lvivc PvL `Lv| Rj ew`| Rxeb hvcbi aib| whwb Abvqi weiy cwZev` ev weivwaZv Kib| mfv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 125
jvBb c_v
Awef fviZeli Avmvg c`ki GKwU KzLvZ AvBb| Avmvg evOvwj wbhvZb I evOvwjì weZvobi Rb G AvBb Kiv nqwQj| G AvBbi dj ILvb emevmKvix evOvwjiv GKUv wbw` jvBb ev GjvKvi evBi hZ cviZ bv, KvRKg KiZ cviZ bv| ZLb Avmvg cvq 35 j jvK evm KiZ| G AvBbi dj evOvwjiv ivZvivwZ fwgnxb, Amnvq I `wi` gvbyl cwiYZ nq| gIjvbv fvmvbx G AvBbi weiy Av`vjb Kib| 1945 mvj GB AvBb evwZj nq|
AvmgcY KvMgvwi
civRq gb wbq bwZ ^xKvi Kiv| gIjvbv fvmvbxi Avnvb 1957 mb UvvBji KvMgvwiZ AvRvwZK mvswZK mjb AbywZ nq| G mjb KvMgvwi mjb bvg LvZ| GZ `kwe`ki AbK LvZbvgv ew Ask bb| G mjb wZwb ce cvwKvbi Ici cvwKvwb kvmKì AwePvi I kvlYi wP Zyj aib|
GKB ivi euvab GK `ki fMvwjK mxgviLvq| cevmx evsjv`k miKvi gywhy PjvKvj ^vaxb evsjv`ki h cevmx miKvi c_g MwVZ nq| c`ghv`v gvn Abvoî cì mvb| jvf-jvjmv| Avoînxb, mvaviY|
Avgvi evsjv eB 126

K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. gRjyg ki A_ Kx? KvK gRjyg RbbZv ejv nZ? Kb? fvmvbPii gIjvbv bvg `q Kviv? Kb? gIjvbv fvmvbx Zuvi KgRxeb iy Kib Kvb ckvq? wZwb Rwg`vii wel-bRi cob Kb? wZwb ZiyY eqm Kvi Av`k AbycvwYZ nb? wZwb KLb, Kvì Rb Avmvg Av`vjb iy Kib? 1952 mvj wZwb Kb MdZvi nb? Kv_vq KLb KvMgvwi mjb nq? G mjb Kviv hvM w`qwQjb? gIjvbv fvmvbx KZ mvj MYAv`vjb Mo Zvjb? gIjvbv fvmvbx ce cvwKvbi gvbyli Rb ^vaxb c_K `k Kivi K_v KLb Ges Kb ejb? gIjvbv fvmvbx Kb js gvP cwiPvjbv Kib ? evsjv`ki gywhy PjvKvj wZwb Kv_vq Kvb c` wQjb? gIjvbv fvmvbx wkv wevii Rb Kvb Kvb wkv cwZvb Mo ZyjQb? Zuvi Rxeb _K Avgiv Kx wkv cvB?
3. wbPi kyjv w`q evK iPbv Kwi

cwZev`, Kviviy, msMvg, gRjyg, Abvoî, RxebvPiY|
4. Rb wbB
`key wPib `vk- wewUk weivax Av`vjbi GKRb gnvb bZv| cwg ei KjKvZvq 1870 mvj `key wPib `vk RbMnY Kib| Zuvi cwK wbevm evsjv`ki XvKvi wegcyii ZwjievM Mvg| wZwb hgb wQjb weLvZ ivRbxwZwe`, Zgwb wQjb GKRb Kwe I mcv`K| G `ki wn`y-gymjgvbì ga HK I mcxwZ cwZvi Rb mvivRxeb KvR KiQb wZwb| wZwb wQjb evsjvi mvaviY gvbyli AwZ wcq bZv| 1925 mvj Zuvi gZyZ iex`bv_ VvKyi I KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg KweZv wjL kv Rvbvb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 127
`ki Rb
mq` Avjx Avnmvb KLbI AvKvk hLvb AbK nvwmLywk fiv Zviv, KLbI mvMi hLvb mvZi Zi w`kvnviv| KLbI cvnvo hLvb cv_i wPiw`b RM _vK, KLbI-ev gvV hLvb dmj meyRi XD AuvK| KLbI-ev cvwL k Qovq MvQi cvZvq Wvjhme k AbK bQ KvbI GK ì Kvj| me wKQy wbq Avgvì `k GKwU mvbvi Qwe h `ki K_v KweZv I Mvb wjLQ AbK Kwe|
Avgvi evsjv eB 128
G `kK Avwg ivw I w`b wPiKvj fvjvevwm me gvbyli BQvi KvQ Lye hb KvQ Avwm| G `kK wbq Avgvi Me cZn wPiw`b, `ki Rb mewKQy w`q euvPe ivww`b|
cvV wkwL
Avgvì `k Acic m`h fiv| AvKvki w`K hLb ZvKvB, `wL dzUdzU Zvivi gjv| Avevi b`xZ `wL XDqi Ljv| G `ki Kv_vI iqQ cvnvo, Kv_vI ev gvVfiv XD Ljvbv meyR dmj| G `ki MvQi Wvj Wvj cvwL Mvb Ki| AbK Kwe G `ki m`hi K_v Zuvì KweZvq wjLQb| G `k Avgvì Me, G `kK Avgiv fvjvevwm| G `ki Rb Avgvì KvR KiZ ne|

XD|b`xi cej Zi bKvwU Wze MQ| w`Knviv, Kx KiZ ne Zv wVK KiZ bv cviv|wec` w`knviv nZ bB| meyRi XD AuvK gvVfiv meyR dmji XD Ljvbv ic | meyR avbi gvV hLb evZvm eq ZLb gb nq meyRi XD GuK hvq| cvwL k Qovq cvwLi Mvb, KjKvKwj | MvQ MvQ cvwLi WvK hb gayi k Qwoq `q| mvbvi Qwe myì Qwe, ic fiv|-Avgvì `kUvK gb nq hb Zi w`knviv
Avgvi evsjv eB 129
GK mvbvi Qwe| wjLQ AbK Kwe Avgvì `ki m`h I mcì K_v AbK Kwe Zuvì KweZv I Mvb Zzj aiQb| iex`bv_ VvKzi, KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg, RmxgD`&`xbmn AbK KweB Avgvì `ki Acic m`hi K_v wjLQb| wPiKvj memgq | Zvgvi DcKvii K_v Avwg wPiKvj gb ivLe| cZn cwZw`b| Avwg cZn Lye fvi DwV|
3. wVK k ewmq k~bvb ciY Kwi

K. KLbI mvMi hLvb Zi | L. me wKQy wbq Avgvì `k GKwU M. G `kK wbq cZn wPiw`b|

K. L. M. N. Kwe AvKvki ZvivK nvwmLywk fiv ejQb Kb? Avgiv Kv_vq meyRi XD AuvKv `wL? Kwe G `kK mvbvi Qwe ejQb Kb? G `kK wbq Avgiv Me Kwi Kb?
5. wbPi kjv w`q evK Zwi Kwi

Zi, w`knviv, cZn, Me, ivww`b
6. KweZvwU Avew Kwi 7. Kwe cwiwPwZ

mq` Avjx Avnmvb 1920 wLv 26k gvP gviv Rjvi AvjvKw`qv Mvg RbMnY Kib| wZwb evsjv fvlvi AbZg cavb Kwe| Zuvi weLvZ KveM AbK AvKvk, mnmv mPwKZ| QvUì RbI wZwb AbK KweZv wjLQb| wZwb 25k RyjvB, 2002 wLv XvKvq gZyeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 130
cvwYRMr GK weq
`ywbqv Ryo KZ wewP cvYxi evm| Gì KD evm Ki cvwbZ, KD WvOvq| nvRvi nvRvi eQi ai gvbyl Gì `LQ| Gì ga ek wKQy cvYxK gvbyl cvl gvwbqQ, wbRi KvR jvwMqQ| wKy Zv njI Gì ewki fvMB _K MQ eb-Rj, cvnvo-ceZ| Nb AiY, giy I giy Aj evm KiQ bvbv cvYx| cvlv I eybv cvYxì ga Ggb me cvYx iqQ hviv Kej `LZB AyZ bq, AvPvi-AvPiYI weqKi| cw_exi eo eo wPwoqvLvbvq Mj evSv hvq cvwYRMr KZ wewP| XvKvi wgicyi Avgvì RvZxq wPwoqvLvbvqI Ggwb wKQy cvYx msiwZ AvQ| c_g nvwZi K_vB ewj| nvwZ Avgvì Lye cwiwPZ cvYx| wPwoqvLvbvq, gjvq ev mvKvm Mj cvlv nvwZi `Lv gj| ivOvgvwU Avi evìevb Rjvq cvnvwo Aji Mfxi AiY Nyi eovq eybv nvwZi `j| WvOvi cvYxì ga nvwZi gZv eo wZxq Kvbv cvYx bB| nvwZ `j eua _vKZ fvjvevm| cZKwU `j _vK GKwU Ki `jcwZ|
nvwZ
Avgvi evsjv eB 131
`jcwZK gb Pj `ji Avi me nvwZ| wecì gyL `jcwZ weKU AvIqvR Zyj uwkqvi Ki `q mevBK| nvwZi wekvj `ni mePq AyZ AwU nQ Zvi uo| G uowU w`q Mvq cvwb wQwUq Mvmj mi bq m| G uo GKwU eo iKgi MvQI Dco djvi kw ivL| Avevi uoi mvnvh m eo eo MvQi uwoI Ub wbq hZ cvi| nvwZ ebc_ wbtk Pjvdiv KiZ cvi| j^v j^v cv dj m Nvq Qq _K AvU gvBj eM nuU Pj| mvKvmi nvwZ bvbv Ljv `wLq Avgvì Avb` `q| mvgbi cv Zyj ùvovbv, cv w`q ej Qyuo gviv- Gme m Abvqvm KiZ cvi| nvwZ AvU bq gY NvmcvZv Avi Qq gYi gZv cvwb Lvq| nvwZ ùvwoq ùvwoq Nygvq|
Mvi
WvOvq evm Ki Ggb Avi GKwU AvRe cvYx nPQ Mvi| Mvii bvKi Dci GKUv ev `yUv wks _vK| GB wks Avmj cyiy jvg Zwi| MviK fxlY fq cvq ebi Avi me cvYx| Ggb wK evN wmsnI avi KvQ Nul bv| wec` coj m wks evwMq ZxieM Zo hvq| Mvii `wkw xY, wKy NvYkw cLi| Mvi wKy ek iMPUv| iM Mj m eb jj Kv euvwaq `q| Mvi Zvi weivU ecy wbq PgrKvi muvZvi KvUZ cvi| cvwbZ GKevi Wye w`q AbKY KvwUq `q m| Mvi ùvwoq, KvZ nq ev nuvUz gyo Dcyo nq Nygvq| Nvq m wk _K Pwjk gvBj eM QyUZ cvi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 132
cvwYRMZ DPZvq Avi me RxeK nvi gvbvq wRivd| wRivd cvq AvVvi dyU DuPy nq| GB wekvj kixi wbq m Nvq wk gvBjiI ewk eM QyUZ cvi| QvUvi mgq m gv_vUv ek byBq ivL hvZ MvQi Wvj bv VK| Zvi Mvq Pvgovi AmsL `vM ZvK MvQ-MvQovi m wgk hZ mvnvh Ki| hLb m eo iKgi MvQi cvk gv_v DuwPq ùvwoq _vK, ZLb ZvK GKUv MvQ ej fyj nq| wRivdi eo ky wRivd wmsn| wKy Kvbv wmsn GKv Kvey KiZ cvi bv wRivdK| wRivd kyK gv_v w`q Ggb uwZq è wKsev GZ Rvi jvw_ gvie h, Zvi avi KvQ Nulv gykwKj| wRivd cv euvKvZ cvi bv| mvgbi `y Lvbv cv duvK Ki wbPz nq hLb m cvwb Lvq, ZLbB m kyi wkKvi nq| wRivdI nvwZi gZv ùvwoq Nygvq| AvwdKv gnv`ki GB RywU `LZ fvwi myì| eybv Ryì ga cP kwai nQ Mwijv| AvwdKvi Mnxb AiY Gì evm| ebi cì ga Mwijvì cwievi-Rxeb LyeB myì| gv-evev I mvbì wbq Mwijvi msmvi| MvQi big cvZv Avi djgj Mwijvi wcq Lv`| Giv Lye kv ^fvei cvYx| kv njI gvS gvS cyiyl Mwijv fxlY wPrKvi Ryo `q Avi Lye Rvi eyK PvcovZ _vK| ZLb m MvQi Wvjcvjv fO GKvKvi Ki `q| wbR AvNvZ bv cj Giv AbK AvNvZ Ki bv| cvwLi RMZ `ZcvwL ej hvi bvg, m nQ DUcvwL ev AwP| Lye Rvi QyUZ
Avgvi evsjv eB 133
cvijI DoZ cvi bv G cvwLwU| Nvq Giv lvU-mi gvBj ev ZviI ewk eM òvZ cvi| ò Gì m cvjv w`Z cvi Ggb Ry Avi bB| Giv evm Ki giyfwgZ| evwj Lyuo Giv evmv Zwi Ki| DUcvwLi wWg AvKvi dzUeji gZv| wWgi Lvmv GZ k h GKUv gvbyl Zvi Ici ùvwoq _vKZ cvi| DUcvwL meB Lvq - MvkZ, djgj I kvKmewR| Giv jeY LZ Lye fvjvevm| DUcvwLi ivzm wL`| wL` cj mvgb hv cvq wMjZ _vK|
Mwijv
DUcvwL ev AwP
Kzwgii gZv `LZ GKwU AyZ iKgi cvYx nQ Nwoqvj ev gQv Kzwgi| Nwoqvji gv_v Kywgii gv_v _K PIov I j^vU| gyL e Kij Nwoqvji wbPi Pvqvji ùvZ Icii Pvqvji MZ XyK hvq| Kzwgii G iKg nq bv| Nwoqvji cQbi cvqi AvOyj AaKUv Rvov| Giv PvcUv jRi mvnvh cvwbZ muvZi eovq| evjyPi iv` cvnvq, Ze WvOvq K Pjvdiv Ki| Nwoqvj wgVv cvwbi cvYx| ga I `wY AvgwiKv, wPb I fviZ Nwoqvj AvQ| evsjv`ki hgybv I cvq A msLK Nwoqvj AvQ| Gì Pvgov w`q gvbyl kLi wRwbm Zwi Ki| AbK NwoqvjK gvbylLKv cvYx gb Ki| Avmj Nwoqvj gvUI gvbylLKv bq| Giv LyeB wbixn cvYx|
Avgvi evsjv eB 134
cvwUcvm ev nsmPz cvwYRMZi Avi GK weq| Gì VuvU I cvqi cvZv `LZ nuvmi gZv| Giv cvwLi gZv wWg cvo Avi Qvbviv gvqi `ya Lvq| cyiyl nsmPzi cvqi Mvovq welv KuvUv AvQ| mB KuvUv w`q Zviv kyK Nvqj KiZ cvi| Gì PvcUv I gvUv jR kixi _K ewiq gk miy nq MQ| cvwbi KqK dyU Ici WvOvq Giv MZ Ki Ges mB MZ w`q cvwbi fZi Pj hvq| w`b Giv MZ _vK Avi ivZ cvwbZ fm eovq| nsmPz Zvi PvcUv VuvU w`q RjR cvKvgvKo, kvgyK I Mwj Lvq| Awjqv I Zvi KvQvKvwQ xc Zvmgvwbqvq nsmPzi `Lv gj|
cvwUcvm
Nwoqvj
cvwYRMZ weq mw KiQ Ggb RxeRyi msLv w`b w`b Kg AvmQ| evsjv`k wKQy wKQy RxeRy cvq wejy nq MQ| Gì ga iqQ Mvi, eybv Miy, eybv gvl, eybv QvMj I eybv KyKyi| Gme cvYx cveZ Rjvmgn, wmjU I gqgbwmsn Aj cvIqv hZ| evsjv`k _K wejy nIqv cvYxi ga Aviv AvQ nvowMjv, wgVv cvwbi Kywgi, ivR kKyb, mvbvwj weovj, bxj MvB I nbygvb| G Qvov Aviv wKQy RxeRy wejy nq hvIqvi Avkv `Lv w`qQ| evN, nvwZ, nwiY, ebgviM, g`bUK, Kywgi, KQc, Bmvc, ebiyB, Mqvj, evNWuvm, mRviy, Do KvVweovwj, mvbvevO cfwZ GLb Avi Lye ewk bB| Ggb wK myìebi iqj ej UvBMviI GLb msLvq Kg MQ| Gme cvYx euvwPq ivLv Avgvì KZe|
(1996 wkveli cg kYxi Avgvi eB _K MnxZ)
Avgvi evsjv eB 135
cvV wkwL
1. kjvi A_ wkwL I evK eenvi Kwi
bvbv eYi, bvbv aibi, myì| mviv `ywbqvq KZ wewP cvYx evm Ki| msiwZ iv Kiv nqQ Ggb| wekl Dk hLb Kvbv ey ev wewP cvYx ev vbK wbw` Ki ivLv nq | mvgwiK Rv`yNi Zwii Rb G vbwU msiwZ AvQ| `ji bZv, m`vi| Ljvayjvq `jcwZi wb`k gb PjZ nq| AyZ| `LZ ev bZ fq nq Ggb| ivZ`ycyi weKU AvIqvR b Avgvi Nyg fO Mj| h mnR iM IV| fxlY ivMx ev Rw`| Kx h iMPUv jvKi cvjvq cowQ, K_vq K_vq iM IV! kwgvb| Mvq ek Rvi AvQ Ggb| myìebi iqj ej UvBMvi kwai wnsm cvYx| Mfxi, Nb| Mnxb AiY c_ fyj nZ cvi|
`jcwZ weKU iMPUv kwai Mnxb
`ZcvwL `Zi gZv weivUKvq, wekvj cvwL| DUcvwLK ejv nq `ZcvwL| ivzm wL` cP yav| mviv w`b Dcvm Ki Zvi GLb ivym wL` cqQ|
2. hyeYjv wPb wbB

Aj - = (T& + P) cg, Pz, mq| Mvi - = (Y& + W) Kv, fv, cP, cKv|
3. wecixZ k wkwL
eb, WvOv, Nb, cwZ, bxie, Avb`, wg, xY, kv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 136
4. evK iPbv Kwi

wbixn evQwePvi iMPUv GKvKvi gvbylLKv K. L. M. N. O. P. K. L. M. N. K. L. M. N. O. P.
5. GK K_vq Di w`B
nvwZi mePq AyZ AwU Kx ? wRivdi mePq eo ky K ? Kvb cvwLK `ZcvwL ejv nq ? Kvb cvYxi wks Nb jvg Zwi ? Mwijv Kvb gnv`k evm Ki ? Kvb cvYx Kywgi bq A_P Kywgii gZv `LZ ? nsmPzi jR ek gvUv I Pvc&Uv nq| Nwoqvj Lye wbixn cvYx| Mwijv cP kwai eybv Ry| DUcvwLi wWg hb GKwU eo dyUej| nvwZ `LZ Kgb ? uoi mvnvh nvwZ Kx Kx KvR KiZ cvi ? MviK AvRe cvYx ejv nqQ Kb ? iM Mj m Kx Ki ? wRivd `LZ Kgb ? ebc_ m Kxfve I KZ gvBj eM QvU? DU cvwLK `ZcvwL ejv nq Kb ? cvwUcvm ev nsmPz Kv_vq evm Ki ? Avgvì `k Kvb Kvb cvYx wejy nq hvQ? Gì euvwPq ivLvi Rb Avgiv Kx KiZ cvwi ?
Avgvi evsjv eB 137
6. wekl I weklY c`jv wPwZ Kwi
7. ckjvi Di wjwL
mevi Avwg Qv
mywbgj emy AvKvk Avgvq wkv w`j D`vi nZ fvB i, Kgx nevi g Avwg evqyi KvQ cvB i| cvnvo wkLvq Zvnvi mgvb nB hb fvB gb-gnvb, Lvjv gvVi Dc`k w`j-Lvjv nB ZvB i| mh Avgvq gYv `q Avcb ZR RjZ, Puv` wkLvj nvmZ gvi, gayi K_v ejZ| BwZ Zvi wkLvq mvMi Ai nvK iZ-AvKi; b`xi KvQ wkv cjvg Avcb eM PjZ| gvwUi KvQ mwnzZv cjvg Avwg wkv, Avcb KvR KVvi nZ cvlvY w`j `xv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 138
Sibv Zvnvi mnR Mvb, Mvb RvMvj Avgvi cvY; kvg ebvbx mimZv Avgvq w`j wfv| wekRvov cvVkvjv gvi, mevi Avwg Qv, bvbvb fve bZzb wRwbm wkLwQ wèviv| GB cw_exi weivU LvZvq, cvV h me cvZvq cvZvq wkLwQ m me KZnj, bB wav jkgv|
cvV wkwL
gvbyl cKwZi AvenvIqvq jvwjZ mvb| ZvB cKwZi KvQ Avgvì AbK wKQy kLvi AvQ| wekvj AvKvki w`K Avgiv hLb ZvKvB, ZLb Zvi KvQ wkv cvB D`viZvi| Zgwbfve evqyi KvQ wkv cvB Kgx nZ, cvnvoi KvQ wkv cvB gb-gnvb nZ, Lvjv gvVi KvQ w`jLvjv nZ| mhi KvQ wkwL Avcb ZR `x nZ, Puvì KvQ wkwL gayiZv I bgZv| mvMii KvQ wkwL wekvj Aii AwaKvix nZ, Avi b`xi KvQ wkwL `yZ eM QyUZ| Ggwbfve gvwU, cv_i, Sibv cfwZi KvQ _KI Avgvì AbK kLvi AvQ| ZvB G wekvj cw_ex Avgvì
Avgvi evsjv eB 139
kLvi I Rvbvi GK weivU cvVkvjv|
2. wbPi kjvi A_ Rb wbB I evLv wjwL

gnr, `vbkxj| ki evsjv G. K. dRjyj nK wQjb GKRb D`vi gvbyl| gb-gnvb bxie I k| k njI h wbRK k ej `vwe Ki bv| cvnvo I AvKvk gvbylK gb-gnvb nIqvi wkv `q| w`j-Lvjv gycvY, D`vi`q| w`j-Lvjv gvbyl mKji wcq| gYv civgk, hyw, Dc`k| gnvb wkKi KvQ h gYv jvf KiwQ Zv Avgvi Rxeb mePq eo wkv| BwZ Bkviv, msKZ| kYxwkKi BwZ cq Kvmi mevB GKhvM ùvwoq Mj| ZR AvjvK, cfvq, Dvc, cLiZvq| mhi ZR cw_ex D nq| Ai gb, `q| mevi Ai nvK wbgj, myì I D`vi| iZ-AvKi iZi AvKi, gwYgyvi Lwb|gnvmvMii Aci bvg iZ-AvKi| mwnzZv mnkw, mnbkxjZv| mwnzZv gnr Y| `xv Kvbv we`vq ev KvR wKsev msK mvab wekl Dc`k jvf| Avwg wkKi KvQ _K `kcgi `xv MnY KiwQ| kvg kvgj, meyR| evsjv`ki kvg ic `Lj PvL Rywoq hvq| ebvbx eo eb, AiY| evsjv`ki cveZ Rjvjvi Mfxi ebvbxZ bvbv iKg RxeRy evm Ki| wèviv w`bivZ| cixv mvgb, ZvB wèviv cowQ| D`vi
3. hyeY wPb wbB

mwnzZv (l&+Y) : K, Zv|
4. K_vjv eyS wbB

Avgvi evsjv eB 140
nB hb fvB gb-gnvb cvnvo AvKvi eo njI wbRK wbq eovB Ki bv| Kwe ejZ Pvb h, cvnvo eo njI kZ `vwe Ki bv| Zgwb gvbylI bvbvYi AwaKvix ne, wKy AvcPvi ev AnsKvi Kie bv| w`j-Lvjv nB ZvB i Lvjv gvV Avgiv h w`K BQv m w`K hZ cvwi| gbi Avb` Nyi eovZ cvwi| Lvjv gvV ckZvi cZxK| G Rb ejv nqQ, Lvjv gvV Avgvì gbi cmviZv evovbvi wkv `q| Ai nvK iZ-AvKi mvMi gyv I cevj cvIqv hvq| Gme wRwbm Lye gjevb| mvMi hgb bvbv iKg gwYgyv aviY Ki, Zgwb Avgvì AiI mr YvewjZ cwicY _vKv DwPZ| kvg ebvbx mimZv kvgj AiY Avgvì djgj I bvbv cKvi Lv` `q| Avevi Ace m`hI `vb Ki| m ic I im `q ej Kwe Gfve GB PiY mvwRqQb| wekRvov cvVkvjv gvi GB wek AbK eo| cw_exi cKwZ QvovI P` I mhK Kwe cw_exi Ask wnme Kbv Ki Zvi _K wkv MnY KiQb| ZvB cw_exK ejv nq GKwU wekvj cvVkvjv| Zvi KvQ _K Avgvì wkvi kl bB|

(K) (L) (M) (N) (O) (P) D`vi gb Lvjv AvKvk, evqy I cvnvo Avgvì Kx wkv `q? Lvjv gvV Kx Dc`k `q? mh I Puv` Avgvì Kx kLvq? gvwU Kxfve Avgvì mwnzZv wkv `q? wekRvov cvVkvjv gvi - G K_vi A_ Kx? mvMi I b`xi wkv Kx? bfv AmwnzZv Kvgj
Avgvi evsjv eB 141
6. wecixZ kjv wgwjq wjwL
Rjv mwnzZv KVvi AvKvk evqy cvnvo mh Puv` b`x gvwU cw_ex
Aby`vi e gyLi
7. GKB A_ nq Ggb kjv Rb wbB

MMb, Aî, bfvgj evZvm, nvIqv, ceb, mgxiY ceZ, kj, wMwi iwe, Zcb, wèvKi, cfvKi P`, kkx, weay, B`y, kkv ZwUbx, wbSwiYx, cevwnYx, mvZ^Zx, mvZw^bx fwg, gwKv aiYx, aiv, awix, emyiv gayi gvi ZR gYv
8. Wvb w`K _K k Gb kbvb ciY Kwi

mh Avgvq `q Avcb RjZ, Puv` wkLvj nvmZ K_v ejZ|
9. Kwe cwiwPwZ
Kwe I wk mvwnwZK mywbgj emy fviZi eZgvb SvoL ivRi wMwiwWZ 1902 mvj RbMnY Kib| Zuvi cZK wbevm XvKvi wegcyii gvjLvbMi Mvg| wk-wKkviì Rb Zuvi ARm Qov, KweZv, M, Kvwnbx, icK_v, gY Kvwnbx, nvwmi bvUK I Dcbvm iqQ| Zuvi weLvZ Mjv nj : Qvbveov, eo gRv, nuU, jj, cvZZvwo, ki gvgv, Qì UysUvs BZvw`| wZwb 1957 wLv gZzeiY Kib|
Avgvi evsjv eB 142
mvBKvb
kvgmyi ivngvb Pvj DoQ, Wvj DoQ DoQ Miy, DoQ gvl| LB DoQ, eB DoQ DoQ cuvwR, wekKvl| gqjv Pvì, dimv Rvgv DoQ LZi kl, he| jxcuvPv, cxQvbv NyiQ, hb PiwK me| gvQ DoQ, MvQ DoQ NwY nvIqv NyiQ Rvi| Lvj dyjQ, cvj wQuoQ iyLe Kviv cvwbi Zvo? nvivb gvwS, civb kL evZvm dyuo w`Q WvK| AvKvk fO KvPi uov DVj AvRvb, evRj kuvL| PveZxi Kk fvmQ fvmQ mvZ Loi Ni| kqvj KzKzi KzuKov kvwjK Wyej mwe, Wyej Pi|
Avgvi evsjv eB 143
cvV wkwL
1. KweZvi gjfve Rb wbB mvBKvb ev NwYSo Avgvì AwZ cwiwPZ k| cvq cwZeQiB Avgiv GB cvKwZK wechqi myLxb nB| ekvL gvm Zv NUB, Ab Kvbv Kvbv gvmI cKwZi LqvjLywk gZv NwYSo nq| NwYSoi GB ic GZB cP h, evBii MvQcvjv I Nievwoi Pvji m Nii fZii Avmeveci I eB ZQbQ nq hvq| Ggb wK Soi dj b`x-mgyì RjI dyum IV| gvbyl cgv` b gmwR` gmwR` AvRvb `q, gwì eR IV kuvL| Nievwo ccvwL me hb Soi Zvo fm hvq| G KweZvq Kwe NwYSoi fqi wP Zyj aiQb|

cuvwR cwKv| cuvwR `L Iiv evBi hvevi w`b wi Kij| wekKvl vb-wevbi wewfb welq wbq eYg Abyhvqx iwPZ M| wekKvl GKvwaK L iwPZ nq| wekKvl I Awfavb GK aibi M bq| kl mwilv| njy` kl dzj gvV Qq AvQ| PiwK hv PvKvi NyicvK Lvq| GK aibi gRvi h hv Ljvi Rb eeZ nq| AvR K w`b ai KvRwUi Rb Zvi wcQ wcQ PiwKi gZv NyiwQ| iyLe evav è| eo nq ZvgivB G Abvq iyLe| Zvo eM, mvZ| ebvi cej cvwbi Zvo KZ Nievwo fm Mj| AvKvk fO KvPi uov ewi duvUvK KvPi uovi gZv gb nq| kuvL kL| gwì kuvL evRQ| PveZxi Kk fvmQ Sov ewZ icK_vi ivRKbvi PzjI hb fvmQ| KzuKov gviM, KzzU| fvi nj Mvg KuyKov WvK|
3. wbPi kjvi gZv wgj iL AviI k wjwL

Pvj Wvj : gB `B
Avgvi evsjv eB 144
LB jx Lvj Ni
eB cx cvj Pi
4. G KweZvq P`we`yhy kjv wPb wbB

cuvwR, cuvPv, wQuoQ, duyo, uov, kuvL, KzuKov| G iKg P`we`yhy Aviv k wjwL nuvm, duvm, KuvUv, nuvUv ................................ .................................
5. wbPi ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj I wjwL

K. mvBKvb Kx Kx DowQj? wbPi kbvb mjv wjwL| DoQ, DoQ DoQ Miy, DoQ | LB DoQ, DoQ| DoQ , | L. NwYSo b`xZ Kx `k `Lv hvq? M. nvivb gvwS Avi civb kL WvK w`wQj Kb? N. NwYSoi mgq Kxmi k fm Avm? O. NwYSo ccvwLi Kx Aev nq?
6. KweZvwU gyL ewj I c_g AvU PiY bv `L wjwL| 7. Avgvi `Lv mvBKvb mK GKwU AbyQ` wjwL| 8. Kwe cwiwPwZ
Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb 1929 wLvi 23k Avei cyibv XvKvi gvZUzwjZ RbMnY Kib| Zuvi cZK wbevm biwms`x Rjvi cvovZjx Mvg| wZwb `xNw`b mvsevw`KZv ckvq wbqvwRZ wQjb| wZwb evsjv`ki GKRb cavb Kwe| QvUì Rb wZwb AbK Qov, KweZv I wZK_v wjLQb| GjvwUs ejvwUs, avb fvbj Kzuov èv, wZi
Avgvi evsjv eB 145
kni XvKv BZvw` QvUì Rb jLv Zuvi weLvZ eB| wZwb 17B AvM 2006 ZvwiL XvKvq gZzeiY Kib|
Acv
mwjbv nvmb
igv Avi iev `yB evb| Iì fxlY fve| GKm zj hvq| GKm Lj| Lye KgB SMov nq Iì| igvi eqm eviv| Avi ievi eqm `k|
Avgvi evsjv eB 146
`yRbi Rbw`b wbq Iì evev-gvqi GK GKwU M AvQ| Iì gv ivnjv ej, hw`b igvi Rb nq mw`b evwoi DVvbi wkDwj MvQUv dzj dzj fi wQj| GZ dzj bvwK Avi KLbv `Lwb ivnjv evby| Lykey Qwoq wMqwQj Pviw`K| iev D`Mxe nq ej, gv Avgvi MUv ej| Zvi MUv Avwg eje gv| G K_v ej Rmxg wgqv gqK Rwoq ai| ej, hw`b ZzB nwj mw`b Avwg evwoi evBii AvgMvQUvi wbP em AvwQ| nVvr gv_vi Ici ZvwKq `wL Avgi evj fi AvQ MvQUv| GZ evj AvmZ `wLwb AvM| evji M Pviw`K fi AvQ| `yevb evev-gvqi Avìi Qvqvq eo nq| zj hvIqvi c_ eybvdzj wQuo eYxi m Mu_ ivL| dwos ai| Avevi AvKvk Dwoq `q| dzji cvcwo wQuo LvZvi fZi Pvcv w`q ivL| wKq Mj evevi Kcvj jvwMq w`q ej, evev Zvgvi nvRvi eQi Avqy nvK| gvqi Kcvj jvwMq w`q ej, gv Zvgvi fvZi nuvwo fiv _vKzK| Rmxg wgqv Iì Kcvj Pzgy w`q ej, Avgvi gqjvi AbK eyw| AbK eo n gv| PvBj jLvcovi Rb Zvì Avwg XvKv cvVve| `y'evb LywkZ nvZZvwj `q| evev-gv Iì Drdzj gyLi w`K ZvwKq _vK| GKw`b Rmxg wgqv evRvi _K `y KwR Pvj-Wvj wKb evwo wdi eviv`vq acvm Ki em co| QzU Avm ivnjv evby| Kx nqQ ? hy| hy? ivnjv evby AevK nq ej| Rmxg wKQz ejvi AvMB bZ cvq evBi nBPB| I `y gqi nvZ ai evBi Avm| `L jvKRb AvgMvQi wbP Mvj nq em iwWIZ Lei bQ| wewewmi Lei| ejQ, XvKv kni MZ gaivZ MYnZv i KiQ cvwKZvb mbvevwnbx| Rmxgi gb co wKQzw`b AvvM Iiv eezi 7B gvPi fvlY bwQjGevii msMvg Avgvì gywi msMvg| Gevii msMvg ^vaxbZvi msMvg|
Avgvi evsjv eB 147
jvKRb Lei b DwRZ nq ej, Avgvì mevBK hy KiZ ne| igv-iev evevi nvZ Qvwoq Ab Qjgqì KvQ hyi K_v ejvi Rb QzU `q| wPrKvi Ki ej, hy KiZ ne i| hy hy| KqK gvm ci Muvq wgwjUvwi Avm| Rmxg kni _K Avmv Qjì KvQ _K ivBdj Pvjvbv wkL bq| Zvici Mo Zvj gywevwnbx| ivnjv gqì wbq evwoZ _vKe| Rmxg PqwQj ivnjv Ii evevi evwo Pj hvK, wK ivnjv hZ ivwR nqwb| b`xi aviB evRvi| mw`b weKj evRvi Mj cvwKZvwb wgwjUvwii mvgb co hvq Rmxg| Iiv evRvii `vKvb Avi Ni-evwoZ Avb jvwMq `q| wj QuyoZ QuyoZ Avm| GKwU eyjU Gm jvM Rmxgi eyK| b`xi avi gyL _yeo co hvq I| i fm hvq gvwU| wbRiB i gvLvgvwL nq hvq Ii kixi| wgwjUvwiiv Pj Mj hviv cvwjq wMqwQj Zviv Ni wdi Avm| ivnjvI gqì wbq evwoZ Avm| AbK evwo cyo MjI Iì evwoZ Avb jvMwb| eo AvgMvQUv Nii Pvj Avovj Ki iLQ ej Avb GLvb AvmZ cviwb| ivnjv mvivivZ Rmxgi Rb Acv Ki| wK Rmxg evwo di bv| igv-iev Kuv`Z Kuv`Z Nywgq hvq| ciw`b Muvqi jvKiv Rmxgi jvk wbq Avm evwoZ| igv-iev wKQzY evevK `L wbzc nq hvq| hb Iiv K_v ejv fyj MQ| ivnjv Zv evievi vb nvivQ| Muvqi gqiv Iì gvK `Lvkvbv KiQ| `yevb ivbvNii ìRvq Pzc Ki em _vK| iev igvi nvZ ai SuvwKq ej, hy gvb Kx eye? igv `ynvZ PvL gyQ ej, evevi gi hvIqv| `yRb AvKvki w`K ZvKvq| AbK `~i Kvjv auvqvi gZv wKQz GKUv AvKvki w`K DVQ| DVQ Zv DVQB| Iiv eySZ cvi cvki Mvg Avb w`qQ wgwjUvwi| `yevb nv Ki AvKvki w`K ZvwKq _vK| `yRbB eySZ cvi hy gvb Kx| Nvi elv|
Avgvi evsjv eB 148
ewi Zvo Wye hvq gvVNvU| ivnjv evby Kbv gyL eviv`vq em _vK| `yevb avbLZi Avji cvk w`q Mwoq hvIqv cvwb _K KuyPv wPswo ai Avb| Iì gv Abi evwo _K Avbv Pvj fvZ ivbv Ki| `ygyVv Pvj gvwUi KjwmZ Rwgq ivL ivnjv evby| ivZ Kvbv gywhvv Gj Zvi Rb fvZ ivbv Kie| `yevb Kbv jvKwo Kzwoq Gb ivbvNi Rwgq ivL| hw` jvKwoi ìKvi nq ZLb Kx w`q fvZ ivbv Kie gv| `yevb Aaxi Acvq _vvK| m ivZ ew wQj bv| giv Rvrmvq fiv wQj DVvb| Mfxi ivZ `yRb gywhvv Avm Iì evwoZ| PzwcPzwc WvK gv, ìRv Lvjv gvMvaogwoq IV igv-K WvK?-I Vj gvK RvMvq| gv IVv| kvb, KD GmQ| ivnjv evby UzKUzK k b ìRvi KvQ Mj Avevi bZ cvq m WvK, gv ìRv Lvj| ivnjv Kuvcv nvZ ìRv Lyjj `yRb gywhvv `Z Ni XyK ìRv e `q| Iì GKRb ej, Uwbsqi mgq Rmxg KvKz Avgvì ejwQjb ìKvi nj hb Avcbvi KvQ Avwm| gv, Avcwb Avgvì wPbeb bv| Avgvì wL` cqQ| fvZ LqB Pj hve| Kv_vq hve ? igv wRm Ki| b`xi Icvi| ILvb gywhvvì Kvc AvQ| Zvgiv hy Kie? iev RvbZ Pvq| nuv, Avgiv cvwKZvwb wgwjUvwii Kvc AvgY Kie| Zvgvì ivBdjjv Quyq `wL? igv Mfxi AveM ej| nuv, `L| `yRb `yevbi Kvj ivBdj `yUv w`q `q| ivBdj `yUv Iiv Kvj wbq em _vK| gv ivbv Povq| wKQzY ci ivnjv Mig fvZ wbq Avm Mvgjv fi| m wWg-Avjyi ZiKvwi| hvv `yRb McMwcq Lvq| `wi Kivi mgq bB| b`xi NvU Iì Rb bKv wbq em AvQ Abiv| `wi Kiv Pje bv| LvIqv kl nj ivnjv ej, Zvgiv Avevi Avme Zv?
Avgvi evsjv eB 149
ìKvi nj AvmZ cvwi| bBj Abiv Avme| KD bv KD Avme| ivnjv evbyK mvjvg Ki `yevbi gv_vq nvZ eywjq Pj hvq gywhvviv| elv kl| Avwkbi wkDwj dvUvi w`b i nqQ| GKw`b ìRvq UzKUzK& k nq| & LyKzgwYiv ìRv Lvj| `yevb jvd w`q DV ìRv Lvj| gywhvviv Avm| fvZ Lvq| bqZv GKUz Nywgq bq| ivZi AKvi Avevi Pj hvq| NviZi hy PjQ Pviw`K| igv Avi iev ivZ wVKgZv NygvZ cvi bv| Iiv Avevi Acv Ki GKwU WvK kvbvi Rb, LyKzgwYiv ìRv Lvj, Avgiv gywhvv|
cvV wkwL
Lykey D`Mxe wewewm MYnZv eez Uwbs myM| Lye AvMnx| eM| hyivRi eZvi K` wekl| AbK jvKK webv Aciva gi djv| RvwZi RbK kL gywReyi ingvbi Dcvwa| Kvbv wekl welq wkv Ìqv ev bIqv| cwkY|
gywevwnbx ki `Lj _K `kK iv Kivi Rb jovB Ki Ggb mbv`j| wgwjUvwi mvgwiK evwnbx| M cvwKZvwb nvbv`vi evwnbxK evSvbv nqQ| gywhvv whwb ^vaxbZv I gywi Rb hy Kib| Kvc mwbK ev hvvì Avqx NuvwU| mbv QvDwb| McMwcq McMc Ki|
Avgvi evsjv eB 150
2. wbPi evKvsk I evKjv cwo acvm Ki cov nVvr ac& k Ki cov- GKUv Avg acvm& Ki gvwUZ coj| gyL _yeo cov Dcyo nq ev gwo Lq cov- QjUv nuvPU Lq gyL _yeo co Mj| Acvq _vKv Kviv ev Kvbv wKQzi Rb Acv Kiv- Ii Acvq Avi em _vKZ BQ KiQ bv| McMwcq LvIqv GKm ewk Lvevi gyL cyo LvIqv- m McMwcq meUv fvZ Lq djj|
3. Wvbcvk _K k Gb wekl I weklY cì mvwiZ mvRvB

wekl ......... ......... .......... .......... ......... ......... weklY ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... k MvQ Kbv nuvwo ìRv Mig b`x k fvZ fxlY Kuvcv ivBdj `Z Mfxi

Rbw`b, Avq~, Acv, gywhvv|
5. wecixZ k wjwL
Rb, Kvbv, fiv, hy, `~i, Kbv| hgb : k wecixZ k Rb gZz
6.
eezi 7B gvPi fvlY _K `ywU jvBb cwo I wjwLGevii msMvg Avgvì gywi msMvg| Gevii msMvg ^vaxbZvi msMvg|
Avgvi evsjv eB 151
7.
ckjvi Di ewj I wjwL

K. L. M. N. O. P. igvi Rbw`bi MwU Kx? ievi Rbw`bi MwU Kx? ivnjv evby `ygyVv Pvj KjwmZ Rwgq ivL Kb? jvKRb Mvj nq em Kx KiwQj? Zviv Kx bZ cj? Rmxg K? Kviv, Kxfve ZvK nZv KiwQj? Mfxi ivZ igv-ievì evwoZ Kviv AvmZ? Zviv Kvì m jovB KiwQj? Q. igv I iev ivZ wVKgZv NygvZ cvi bv Kb?
jLK cwiwPZ
mwjbv nvmb evsjv`ki wewk JcbwmK I QvU MKvi| wZwb 14B Ryb 1947 wLv ivRkvnxZ RbMnY Kib| wZwb `xNKvj evsjv GKvWgxZ iZc~Y c` PvKwi KiQb| GKvWgxi cwiPvjK c` _vKv Aevq Aemi MnY Kib| wZwb e QvUM, Dcbvm I cei iPwqZv| mvMi, M eYgvjv, KvKZvWyqv, gqii Mvwo, Puvì eywoi cvv Bwjk, wgwnibi eziv BZvw` Zuvi jLv wk-wKkvi DchvMx eB| wZwb mvwnZKg Ae`vbi Rb evsjv GKvWgx cyivi, AvjvIj mvwnZ cyivi, wdwjcm mvwnZ cyivimn e cyivi mvwbZ nqQb|
Avgvi evsjv eB 152

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MYcRvZx evsjv`ki RvZxq cZvKv

cZvKv wbgvYi wbqgvewj

MvIqvi Rb RvZxq msMxZi c~YcvV

mcv`bvq cdmi Kwei Dwb Avng` gRyg`vi

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW, XvKv

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW

cdmi gvt gvvd KvgvjDwb

4. wbPi cyil I xevPK kjv wkwL

5. wbPi evK `ywU cwo

c` cuvP cKvi : wekl, weklY, mebvg, Aeq I wqv|

3. ki wekl eenvi Rb wbB

4. KweZvq eeZ kjv Rb wbB

5. wbPi ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj I wjwL

`yLy Avi myLy

2. wbPi evKvsk I evKjv cwo

3. ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj

4. Wvb cvvk _K k Gb wekl I weklY c`I mvwiZ mvRvB

5. wbPi kjv w`q evK iPbv Kwi

`ytmvnmx ^Mcvb P`jvK AwPbcyi do

4. wqvc`i mvay I PwjZ ic Rb wbB| mvay ic PwjZ ic

5. wqvi Kvj mcK Rb wbB

6. kjvi evbvb wjwL

7. ckjvi Di gyL gyL ewj I wjwL

gnvbex (m) PviwU K_v weklfve gb ivLZ ejjb :

(msKwjZ : Rmxg Dxb Avng`)

3. ckjvi Di ewj I wjwL

6. wbPi evKjv cwo Ges mwVK weivgwP emvB

3. ckjvi Di Rb wbB I wjwL

4. wbPi K_vjv mnR Ki eywSq ewj

2. wbPi kjvi A_ I eenvi Rb wbB

3. ki wekl eenvi j Kwi

4. kbvb cii PiY wjwL

Kzgov I cvwLi K_v

iv` Kzgov iv`

UybUywb Kygov UybUywb

UybUywb Kzgov UzbUzwb

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