7 . -. - .

2005 - 06

11
:

05.01.2006

1.
2.
2.1 ( )
2.2 ()
2.3 7
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
5.

 (Q) - ()

1. (. = ) :

fs

qp

() :
fs qp Qs Qp , : Q = Qs + Qp

Qs = D f si zi

Q p = Ap q p

(Q) - ()

fsu

qpu

(fs)
,
()

(qp)
, ()

= (0.4% - 1.2%) D = 4 15 mm

= (4% - 10%) D = 30 - 100 mm

 :
( fs )

( qp ) () ,
(Q )

.
,

Qp

Q = Qs + Q p

Qp

Qs

:
fs
. , fs
-.

 ( )

: L=15m, B = 0.45m Ap = 0.159 m2
:
fsu = 150 kPa
o . . qpu = 4 Mpa
fs qp ,
.
:
Qsu = B L fsu = 3.14 x 0.45 x 15 x 0.150
= 3.18 MN
Qpu = Ap qpu = 0.159 x 4 = 0.64 MN
Qu = Qsu + Qpu = 3.18 + 0.64 = 3.82 MN
: FS=2
:
Q = Qu / FS = 3.82 / 2 = 1.9 MN

:
: 3 mm

( )

: 3 mm
. : qp = 0.93 MPa
: Qp = 0.15 MN
:
= Qp / Ap = 0.15 / 0.159 = 0.93 MPa
= / b = 0.93 / 30000 = 0.000031
:
Qm = 0.5 x (1.9 + 0.15) = 1.025 MN
:
m = Qm / Ap = 1.025 / 0.159 = 6.45 MPa
:
= m / Eb = 6.45 / 30000 = 0.00021
:
= L = 0.00021 x 1500 cm = 3.2 mm
: 3 + 3.2 = 6.2 mm
:
= Q / Ap = 11.9 MPa
= / b = 11.9 / 30000 = 0.0004
:
Qs = 3.14 x 0.45 x 15 x 85 = 1.8 MN 1.75

 :
Q ,
DIN 4014
: : =
1.1 ( fs )

fs =

f su
su

fs = fsu
:

su

> su

su = min{0.5 Qsu + 0.5cm , 3cm }

Qsu =
su = cm

Q
DIN 4014
1.2 ( qp ) MPa
1.2.1 - (D = ) :

/D
0
0.02
0.03
0.10
> 0.10

(qc)
CPT MPa
10

15

20

25

0
0.7
0.9
2.0
2.0

0
1.05
1.35
3.0
3.0

0
1.4
1.8
3.5
3.5

0
1.75
2.25
4.0
4.0

qp MPa


Q
DIN 4014
1.2 ( qp ) MPa
1.2.2 (D = ) :

/D
0
0.02
0.03
0.10
> 0.10

cu (kPa)
100

200

0
0.35
0.45
0.80
0.80 = qpu

0
0.9
1.1
1.5
1.5 = qpu

qp MPa

Q DIN 4014
: : , = 18 kN/m3
: cu = 125 kPa
: , = 20 kN/m3 SPT N = 45
L = 20m, D = 0.8m :
1. :
DIN 4014 :
: fsu = 45 kPa
: qc = 0.5 N = 0.5 x 45 = 22.5 MPa
fsu = 120 kPa qpu = 3.75 MPa
:

Qsu = D f su z

Qsu = 3.14 x 0.80 x (45 x 12 + 120 x 3) = 1356.5 + 904.3 = 2261 kN

:

Q pu = Ap q pu

Ap = 3.14 x 0.82 / 4 = 0.5024 m2

Qpu = 0.5024 x 3750 = 1884 kN

: Qu = Qsu + Qpu = 2261 + 1884 = 4145 kN

 Q DIN 4014
:
2. Q - :
2.1 :

su = min{0.5 Qsu + 0.5cm , 3cm }

Qsu = 2.261 MN su = 1.63 cm
:

Qs = min {( / su ) Qsu , Qsu }

: qc = 0.5 N = 0.5 x 45 = 22.5 MPa

2.2 :

/D

(cm)

qp
(MPa)

Qp
(kN)

0
0.02
0.03
0.10
> 0.10

0
1.6
2.4
8
>8

0
1.58
2.025
3.75
3.75

0
794
1017
1884
1884

Ap = 0.5024 m2

Q DIN 4014
:

/D

- (cm)

Qp - (MPa)

Qs - (kN)

Qp - (kN)

Q - (kN)

0
0.02
0.0204
0.03
0.10
> 0.10

0
1.6
su =1.63
2.4
pu = 8
>8

0
1.58
1.60
2.025
3.75
3.75

0
2219
2261
2261
2261
2261

0
794
802
1017
1884
1884

0
3013
3063
3278
4145
4145

FS = 2 :

Qmax = Qu / 2 = 4145 / 2 = 2072 kN

( ) :
= 11mm

(kN)
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

0
(cm) .

:

( = )

4
6

8
10

Qs
Qp
Qs+Qp


2. (Poulos & Davis, 1980)
=
P
P = , L =
=
Ip
EL
=
Ip = (h)
, (d) Poisson ()

3. (
Poulos & Davis, 1980)
() :

P
I1 Rk Rh R
Ed

() :

P
I1 Rk Rb R
Ed

=
K=
=
=
d =
1 =
Ri =
=
p =
p =
ps =

E p Ap
E Aps


3. (
Poulos & Davis, 1980)

K=

E p Ap
E Aps

3. (
Poulos & Davis, 1980)

K=

E p Ap
E Aps


3. (
Poulos & Davis, 1980)

K=

E p Ap
E Aps

4.

(..
),
(
)

( ).

:

<

Qsn
Qs

Qp

Q + Qsn = Qs + Q p


4.

Qsn
Qs

Qp

Q + Qsn = Qs + Q p

4.


4.