I HC KINH T HU

T TNG H CH MINH
T tng H Ch Minh v Cch mng gii phng dn tc

N05Nhm02
10/3/2011

T tng H Ch Minh 201 1

Danh sch thnh vin:

1. o Th Thin Ngc 2. Ci Vn Lc 3. Phan Th Thanh Hng 4. Phan Th Kiu Nhi 5. Hong Ngc Duy 6. Nguyn Anh Tun 7. H Th Phc 8. L Th Thy 9. Nguyn Th Bnh 10.Trn Thy i 11.Phan Th Kim Ngn 12.Nguyn Tn

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Li ni u:
Cch y 100 nm, vo ngy 5/6/1911 ti bn Nh Rng, Si Gn, ngi thanh nin yu nc Nguyn Tt Thnh ln chic tu mang tn Amiral La Touche De Trville, tm thi xa T quc, ra i tm ng cu nc, cu dn y l mt ct mc quan trng mang tnh cht quyt nh trn con ng cch mng gii phng dn tc ca Bc. Sut cuc i hot ng, Ngi dnh phn ln tm t v sc lc cho s nghip v i l tm ra con ng cch mng gii phng dn tc. y cng l mt trong nhng t tng ln ca H Ch Minh. Bi tiu lun: T tng H Ch Minh v vn gii phng dn tc s trnh by tng i y nhng l lun, nhng t tng hnh thnh v hon thin trong qu trnh u tranh tm ra con ng gii phng dn tc, con ng a t nc Vit Nam v cc nc thuc a n bn b c lp ca Ngi.

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Ni dung:
I. Mc tiu ca cch mng gii phng dn tc

1. Tnh cht v nhim v ca cch mng thuc a 2. Mc tiu ca cch mng gii phng dn tc
II.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi i theo con ng cch mng v sn

1. Rt ra bi hc kinh nghim t s tht bi ca cc con ng cu nc trc 2. Cch mng t sn l khng trit 3. Con ng gii phng dn tc
III.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi do ng ca giai cp cng nhn lnh o

1. Cch mng trc ht phi c ng 2. ng Cng sn Vit Nam l ngi lnh o duy nht

IV.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc l s nghip on kt ton dn trn c s lin minh cng nng
1. Cch mng l s nghip ca dn chng b p bc 2. Lc lng ca cch mng gii phng dn tc

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V.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc cn c tin hnh ch ng sng to v c kh nng ginh thng li trc cch mng v sn chnh quc
1. Cch mng gii phng dn tc cn c tin hnh ch ng, sng to 2. Quan h gia cch mng thuc a vi cch mng v sn chnh quc

VI.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc phi c tin hnh bng con ng cch mng bo lc
1. Tnh tt yu ca bo lc cch mng 2. T tng bo lc cch mng gn b hu c vi t tng nhn o ha bnh 3. Hnh thi bo lc cch mng

I.

Mc tiu ca cch mng gii phng dn tc:

1. Tnh cht v nhim v ca cch mng thuc a:

Di tc ng ca cc chnh sch khai thc kinh t, bc lt t thu v cp ot rung t, cng vi nhng chnh sch cai tr ca ch ngha quc, mi giai cp mi thuc a c a v kinh t, thi chnh tr khc nhau, thm ch c li ch pht trin ngc chiu nhau, hnh thnh nhiu mu thun an xen, nhng ni ln mu thun c bn v ch yu l mu thun gia dn tc b p bc vi quc xm lc v tay sai ca chng. Do vy, Cuc u tranh giai cp khng din ra ging nh phng Ty. Do mu thun ch yu khc nhau, tnh cht cuc u tranh Cch mng cc nc t bn ch ngha v cc nc thuc a cng khc nhau. Lt nn thng tr hin c Cch mng x hi Thit lp mt ch x hi mi Cch mng thuc a trc ht phi lt ch thng tr ca ch ngha quc, ch cha phi l cuc cch mng xa b s t hu, s bc lt ni chung. Do ta phi tin hnh cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc. Nhng im khc nhau c bn gia cc nc t bn phng Ty v cc nc thuc a phng ng:

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Cc nc t bn phng Ty Mu thun Nhim v i tng ca Cch mng Giai cp v sn >< Giai cp t sn Tin hnh cuc u tranh giai cp Giai cp t sn Cc nc thuc a phng ng Dn tc b p bc >< Ch ngha thc dn Tin hnh cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc Ch ngha thc dn v tay sai phn ng

cc nc thuc a, nng dn l lc lng ng o nht. Thc dn Php thng tr v bc lt nhn dn Vit Nam ch yu l thng tr v bc lt nng dn. K th s mt ca nng dn l bn quc thc dn. Yu cu c lp dn tc Nng dn Yu cu rung t Tuy nhin ngi nng dn lun t yu cu c lp dn tc cao hn yu cu rung t. Cng vi nng dn, tt c cc giai cp v tng lp khc nhau u c nguyn vng chung l cu ging ni ra khi cnh nc si la bng. Mu thun ch yu thuc a l mu thun dn tc, quy nh tnh cht v nhim v hng u ca cch mng thuc a l gii phng dn tc. Trong t duy chnh tr ca H Ch Minh, gii phng dn tc bao hm mt phn gii phng giai cp v gii phng con ngi.

2. Mc tiu ca cch mng gii phng dn tc:

Mc tiu cp thit ca cch mng thuc a cha phi l dnh quyn li ring bit ca mi giai cp m l quyn li chung ca ton dn tc. Cch mng gii phng dn tc nhm nh ch thng tr ca ch ngha thc dn, ginh c lp dn tc v thit lp chnh quyn ca nhn dn.

II.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi i theo con ng cch mng v sn:

1. Rt ra bi hc kinh nghim t s tht bi ca cc con ng cu nc trc : NHOM 02 T tng HCM v CMGPDT Page 6

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Nm 1858, thc dn Php tin hnh xm lc Vit Nam. Chng tin hnh khai thc thuc a, n p v bc lt nhn dn ta mt cch d man. Chnh quyn phong kin nh Nguyn li t ra hn nhc v bc lc. Trc tnh hnh , nhiu phong tro yu nc din ra theo nhng khuynh hng khac nhau bo v nc nh. Tuy nhin, do cha c ng li v phng php cch mng ng n, ph hp nn cui cng cc phong tro ny u b thc dn Php dm trong bin mu. Theo H Ch Minh th con ng ca Phan Bi Chu chng khc g a h ca trc, rc beo ca sau; con ng ca Phan Chu Trinh cng chng khc g xin gic r lng thng; con ng ca Hong Hoa Thm tuy c phn thc t hn, nhng vn mang nng ct cch phong kin. Chnh v th, Ngi quyt tm ra i tm mt con ng cu nc mi.
2. Cch mng t sn l khng trit :

Trong khong 10 nm, Nguyn i Quc kt hp tm hiu l lun v kho st thc tin, nht l ba nc t bn pht trin: Anh, Php, M. Ngi nhn thy: Cch mnh Php cng nh cch mnh M, ngha l cch mnh t bn, cch mnh khng n ni, ting l cng ha v dn ch, k thc trong th n tc lc cng nng, ngoi th n p bc thuc a. Bi l , Ngi khng i theo con ng cch mng t sn.
3. Con ng gii phng dn tc:

H Ch Minh thy c Cch mng Thng Mi Nga khng ch l mt cuc cch mng v sn, m cn l mt cuc cch mng gii phng dn tc. y l mt cuc cch mng n ni n chn, cch mng trit . Trong H Ch Minh ton tp, Ngi khng nh: Trn th gii by gi ch c Cch mng Nga l thnh cng v thnh cng n ni, ngha l dn chng c hng ci t do bnh ng tht, Hc tp Cch mng Nga khng c ngha l p dng mt cch my mc vo Vit Nam m ch nm bt tinh thn, phng php v ci tin, sng to sao cho ph hp vi hon cnh t nc lc by gi. Thng 7-1920, khi c S tho ln th nht nhng lun cng v vn dn tc v vn thuc a ca V.I. Lnin, Ngi thy "tin tng, sng t v cm ng". Ngi khng nh: "y l ci cn thit cho chng ta, y l con ng gii phng chng ta" 1. V Ngi tm thy trong l lun ca V.I. Lnin mt con ng cu nc mi: con ng cch mng v sn. Ngi khng nh: Ch c gii phng giai cp v sn th mi gii phng c dn tc, Mun cu nc v gii phng dn tc khng c con ng no khc con ng cch mng v sn,ch c ch ngha x hi, ch ngha cng sn mi gii phng c cc dn tc b p bc v nhng ngi lao ng trn th gii khi ch n l.

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III.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi do ng ca giai cp cng nhn lnh o

1. Cch mng trc ht phi c ng:

Nguyn i Quc phn tch: Mun lm cch mng th phi bn gan, ng ch, ng lng, quyt tm, li phi bit cch lm th mi chng. Nhng mun lm cch mnh, trc phi lm cho dn gic ngphi ging gii l lun v ch ngha cho dn hiu. Cch mnh phi hiu phong triu th gii, phi by sch lc cho dnVy nn sc cch mnh phi tp trung, mun tp trung phi c ng cch mnh. Trong tc phm ng cch mnh, Ngi khng nh: Trc ht phi c ng cch mnh, trong th vn ng t chc dn chng, ngoi th lin lc vi dn tc b p bc v v sn giai cp mi ni. ng c vng cch mnh mi thnh cng, cng nh ngi cm li c vng thuyn mi chy.

2. ng Cng sn Vit Nam l ngi lnh o duy nht:

u nm 1930, ng Cng sn Vit Nam ra i, ly ch ngha Mc-Lnin lm ct nh du mt bc ngoc to ln trong s nghip cch mng gii phng dn tc; l ng cch mng tin phong, ph hp vi thc tin cch mng Vit Nam, gn b vi nhn dn, dn tc, c dn tc tha nhn l i tin phong ca mnh. Theo H Ch Minh, ng Cng sn Vit Nam l ng ca giai cp cng nhn, ca nhn dn lao ng v ca dn tc Vit Nam. Vi khng nh ny, Ngi nu mt lun im quan trng, b sung thm cho l lun ca ch ngha Mc-Lnin v ng Cng sn. Ngay t khi mi ra i, ng quy t c lc lng v sc mnh ca ton b giai cp cng nhn v c dn tc Vit Nam. l mt c im ng thi l mt u im ca ng. Nh , ng nm ngn c lnh o duy nht i vi cch mng Vit Nam v tr thnh nhn t hng u bo m cho mi thng li ca cch mang.

IV.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc l s nghip on kt ton dn tc trn c s lin minh cng nng
1. Cch mng l s nghip ca dn chng b p bc:

H Ch Minh nghim khc ph phn vic ly m st c nhn v bo ng non lm phng thc hnh ng, hoc xi dn bo ng m khng by cch t chc, hoc lm cho dn quen li, m qun tnh t cng. Ngi khng nh: Cch mnh l vic chung c dn chng ch khng phi vic mt hai ngi.
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H Ch Minh ly nhn dn lm ngun gc sc mnh. Quan im ly dn lm gc xuyn sut qu trnh ch o chin tranh ca Ngi. C dn l c tt c, D trm ln khng dn cng chu, kh vn ln dn liu cng xong. H Ch Minh nh gi rt cao vai tr ca qun chng nhn dn trong khi ngha v trang. Ngi coi nng lc v i v sc mnh sng to v tn ca qun chng l then cht bo m thng li. Phi da vo dn, da chc vo dn th k ch khng th no tiu dit c. Chng ta tin chc vo tinh thn v lc lng ca qun chng, ca dn tc.
2. Lc lng cch mng gii phng dn tc:

Di ch cai tr ca thc dn Php, Vit Nam bin thnh mt x hi thuc a na phong kin. V vy, gii phng dn tc l s nghip ton dn tc, phi on kt ton dn s, nng, cng, thng u nht tr chng li cng quyn. Trong , H Ch Minh ht sc nhn mnh vai tr ng lc cch mng ca cng nhn v nng dn. Ngi phn tch: cc giai cp cng nhn v nng dn c s lng ng nht nn c sc mnh ln nht, h li b p bc bc lt nng n nht, nn lng cch mnh cng bn, ch cch mnh cng quyt. T , Ngi khng nh: cng nng l gc cch mnh. y l mt vn ht sc mi m so vi nhn thc ca nhng nh yu nc trc . Tuy nhin, H Ch Minh cng khng coi nh kh nng tham gia s nghip gii phng dn tc ca cc giai cp v tng lp khc. Ngi ch r: Cuc khng chin ca ta l cuc khng chin ca ton dn, phi ng vin ton dn, v trang ton dn.

V.

Cch mng gii phng dn tc cn c tin hnh ch ng, sng to v c kh nng ginh thng li trc cch mng v sn chnh quc
1. Cch mng gii phng dn tc cn c tin hnh ch ng, sng to:

Nguyn i Quc khng nh :tt c sinh lc ca CNTB quc t u ly cc nc thuc a, nc c v sc sng ca con rn c TBCN ang tp trung cc thuc a. Ngi v ch ngha quc nh con a hai vi: mt vi bm vo chnh quc, mt vi bm vo thuc a. Vy mun nh bi ch ngha quc phi ng thi ct c hai ci vi ca n i, tc l phi kt hp cch mng v sn chnh quc v cch mng gii phng dn tc thuc a. Do , trong cuc u tranh chng ch ngha quc, ch ngha thc dn, cch mng thuc a c tm quan trng c bit. Nhn dn cc nc thuc a c kh nng cch mng to ln. Ti i hiV Quc t Cng sn (1924) trong khi yu cu Quc t Cng sn v cc ng Cng sn quan tm n cch mng thuc a, H Ch Minh vn khng nh cng cuc gii phng nhn dn thuc a ch c th thc hin c bng s n lc t gii phng.
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Vn dng cng thc ca C.Mc: S gii phng ca giai cp ca cng nhn phi l s nghip ca bn thn giai cp cng nhn, Ngi i n lun im: Cng cuc gii phng anh em (tc nhn dn thuc a- Th gii) ch c th c bng s n lc ca anh em. Ngi nh gi rt cao sc mnh ca mt dn tc vng dy chng quc thc dn. Ngi ch trng pht huy n lc ch quan ca dn tc, trnh t tng b ng trng ch v s gip bn ngoi.

2. Quan h gia cch mng thuc a vi cch mng v sn chnh quc:

Theo Mc-ng ghen cch mng v sn chnh quc l cn thit v c thc hin trc. Cn Lnin v nhng ngi lnh o ca quc t cng sn li nhn mnh mt chiu n s tc ng ca cch mng v sn chnh quc i vi cch mng thuc a, t cch mng thuc a ph thuc vo vo cch mng v sn chnh quc v cch mng gii phng dn tc thuc a ch c th dnh thng li khi cch mng v sn chnh quc dnh thng li. Quan im ny cha nhn thc ht tnh ch ng, sng to ca cc phong tro cch mng thuc a. Theo H Ch Minh, gia cch mng gii phng dn tc thuc a v cch mng v sn chnh quc c mi quan h quan h mt thit vi nhau, tc ng qua li ln nhau trong cuc u tranh chng k th chung l ch ngha quc. l quan h bnh ng ch khng phi l quan h l thuc hoc quan h chnh- ph. Nhn thc ng vai tr, v tr chin lc ca cch mng thuc a v sc mnh ca dn tc, Nguyn i Quc cho rng cch mng gii phng dn tc thuc a c th dnh thng li trc cch mng v sn chnh quc. Nh vy, do nhn thc c bn cht ca ch ngha t bn, nhn thc c thuc a l mt khu yu trong ch ngha quc, nh gi ng sc mnh ca ch ngha yu nc v tinh thn dn tc, sc mnh ca cch mng thuc a, nn khi tip thu v vn dng cc nguyn l ph bin ca ch ngha Mc-Lnin, H Ch Minh lun gii ng n v mi quan h gia cch mng thuc a vi cch mng v sn chnh quc. y l mt trong nhng sng to c sc ca H Ch Minh v cch mng gii phng dn tc, gp phn lm phong ph thm kho tng l lun ch ngha Mc-Lnin.

VI. CCH MNG GII PHNG DN TC PHI C TIN HNH BNG CON NG CCH MNG BO LC
1. Tnh tt yu ca bo lc cch mng:

Ch thc dn, t bn thn n l mt hnh ng bo lc ca k mnh i vi k yu. Cha bp ch xm lc ca chng th cha th c thng li hon ton. V th con ng ginh v gi c lp dn tc ch c th l con ng cch mng bo lc. H Ch Minh vch r tnh tt yu ca bo lc cch mng: Trong cuc u tranh gian kh chng k th ca giai cp v ca dn tc, cn dng bo lc cch mng chng li bo lc phn cch
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mng, ginh ly chnh quyn v bo v chnh quyn. Ngi cho rng: Bo lc cch mng l bo lc ca qun chng. u tranh chnh tr Bo lc cch mng u tranh v trang Tuy nhin, phi "ty tnh hnh c th m quyt nh nhng hnh thc u tranh cch mng thch hp, s dng ng v kho kt hp cc hnh thc u tranh v trang v u tranh chnh tr ginh thng li cho cch mng". Theo Bc, dnh thng li, cuc khi ngha v trang phi c 4 yu t sau: Phi c tnh cht mt cuc khi ngha qun chng ch khng phi mt cuc ni lon phi c chun b trong qun chng, n ra trong thnh ph, theo kiu cc cuc CM chu u. Phi c nc Nga ng h. Phi trng hp vi CMVS Php. Phi gn b mt thit vi s nghip VS th gii.
2. T tng bo lc cch mng gn b hu c vi t tng nhn o ha bnh:

T tng H Ch Minh v bo lc cch mng khc hn t tng hiu chin ca cc th lc quc xm lc. Xut pht t tnh yu thng con ngi, qu trng sinh mng con ngi, Ngi lun tranh th kh nng ginh v gi chnh quyn t mu. tn dng mi kh nng gii quyt xung t bng bin php ha bnh. i vi Ngi, vic tin hnh chin tranh ch l gii php bt buc cui cng, khi khng cn s la chn no khc.
3. Hnh thi bo lc cch mng:

Theo H Ch Minh, trong s nghip khng chin, kin quc lc lng chnh l dn. Ngi ch trng tin hnh khi ngha ton dn v tin hnh chin tranh nhn dn. Trong chin tranh, qun s l vic ch cht, nhng ng thi phi kt hp cht ch vi u tranh chnh tr. u tranh ngoi giao cng l mt mt trn c ngha chin lc. H Ch Minh ch trng va nh va m, nh l ch yu, m l h tr. u tranh kinh t l ra sc tng gia sn xut, thc hnh tit kim, pht trin kinh t ca ta, ph hoi kinh t ca ch. Chin tranh v mt vn ha t tng so vi nhng mt khc cng khng km quan trng. Phng chm chin lc nh lu di trong cch mng gii phng dn tc
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Trc nhng k th ln mnh, H Ch Minh ch trng s dng phng chm chin lc nh lu di. ch mun tc chin, tc thng. Ta ly trng k khng chin tr n, th ch nht nh thua, ta nht nh thng. Trng k khng chin... nht nh thng li. T lc cnh sinh cng l mt phng chm chin lc rt quan trng, nhm pht huy cao ngun sc mnh ch quan, trnh t tng b ng trng ch vo s gip bn ngoi. Ti Hi ngh cung cp ton qun ln th nht (thng 6-1952), Ngi ni: mun thng li phi trng k gian kh, mun trng k phi t lc cnh sinh.

Kt lun
T tng H Ch Minh v vn dn tc v cch mng gii phng dn tc c nhng lun im sng to, c sc, c gi tr l lun v thc tin to ln.
1. Lm phong ph hc thuyt Mc-Lnin v cch mng thuc a:

V l lun cch mng gii phng dn tc.

Ngi vn dng mt cch kho lo ch ngha Mc-Lnin vo thc tin cch mng Vit Nam. l Ngi chn khuynh hng chnh tr v sn gii phng dn tc, khng nh ng Cng sn Vit Nam l ng ca giai cp cng nhn v dn tc Vit Nam v cho rng CMTc th ginh thng li trc CMVSCQ. V phng php tin hnh cch mng gii phng dn tc.

H Ch Minh xy dng nn l lun v phng php khi ngha ton dn v chin tranh nhn dn, da vo sc mnh ton dn tc, kt hp cc quy lut khi ngha v chin tranh. ng thi, Ngi vn dng sng to v pht trin hc thuyt Mc-Lnin v cch mng thuc a thnh mt h thng lun im mi m, sng to ri truyn b cho nhng thanh nin yu nc, dn dt h i theo con ng v sn. 2. Soi ng thng li cho cch mng gii phng dn tc Vit Nam: T tng H Ch Minh v cch mng gii phng dn tc soi ng cho dn tc Vit Nam tin ln, cng nhn loi bin th k XX thnh mt th k gii tr ch ngha thc dn trn ton th gii. Thng li ca Cch mng Thng Tm v 30 nm chin tranh cch mng Vit Nam (19451975) minh chng cho iu ny.
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-

Thng li ca Cch mng Thng Tm 1945.

Theo l lun gii phng dn tc ca H Ch Minh, ng ch trng thay i chin lc, kin quyt ging cao ngn c gii phng dn tc, t nhim v chng quc ginh c lp ln hng u, tin hnh khi ngha v trang ginh chnh quyn. Thng li ca 30 nm chin tranh cch mng 1945-1975.

Trong khng chin chng thc dn Php, qun v dn ta anh dng ng ln vi tinh thn th hi sinh tt c, ch nht nh khng chu mt nc, nht nh khng chu lm n l, va khng chin va kin quc, thc hin cc chin lc khng chin ph hp. Trong cuc ng u vi quc M, qun dn ta nu cao tinh thn Khng c g qu hn c lp, t do!, kt hp u tranh trn ba mt trn: qun s, chnh tr v ngoi giao Trong cng cuc i mi hin nay, vn dng t tng H Ch Minh v cch mng gii phng dn tc, chng ta phi bit khi dy sc mnh ca ch ngha yu nc v tinh thn dn tc, nhn thc v gii quyt vn dn tc trn lp trng giai cp cng nhn; chm lo xy dng khi i on kt dn tc.

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