Trao i thng tin trong h phn tn

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cc khi nim c bn Li gi th tc t xa Trao i thng tin bng thng bo Trao i thng tin dng Trao i thng tin a im

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

1. Cc khi nim c bn
I. Giao thc II. Kin trc phn tng III. M hnh ISO/OSI IV. Phn loi cc phng php trao i thng tin

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

I. Giao thc
Tp hp cc qui c trao i thng tin >=2 thc th
C php d liu Th tc truyn thng

Phn loi
Hng kt ni/Khng hng kt ni Tin cy/Khng tin cy ng b/khng ng b Bn vng/Khng bn vng

Chc nng
nh a ch,Kim sot li,Kim sot lung d liu, Dn/tch knh,Chn ng

L thnh phn c bn nht thc hin trao i thng tin Cung cp cc dch v gi cc thng bo

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

Phn loi giao thc

Hng kt ni
Kt ni, gi d liu, nhn d liu, gii phng kt ni

Khng hng kt ni
Gi d liu, nhn d liu

Tin cy
Gi d liu, nhn d liu, bo nhn d liu (ch), bo nhn d liu (ngun)

Khng tin cy
Gi d liu, nhn d liu
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 5

Cc khi nim trong giao thc

Th tc phn tn:
gi, nhn, xc nhn, kt ni, ngt kt ni, phn gii a ch, nh tuyn, chuyn tip, .....

Ngun, ch, knh:

thc th truyn tin=> nh danh: nh a ch

C php d liu
Lung d liu n v d liu
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 6

V d: HLDC (High Level Data Link Control)

Th tc Yu cu: BALA, I, RR, RNR, (SNRM or SARM or SABM), DISC Tr li (I, RR, RNR, UA, DM, FRMR) VD: truyn tin Thit lp kt ni: SNR, SARM, SABM Xc nhn thit lp kt ni: UA Truyn I Nhn I, RR, RNR, .... Gii phng kt ni 7 6 5 4 P/F 3 2 1 0 0 Ifram e Sfram e Ufram N(R) Receive sequence no. N(R) Receive sequence no. type N(S) Send sequence no.

P/F
P/F

type
type

0
1

1
1

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

V d v giao thc hng kt ni

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

II. Kin trc phn tng

Trao i thng tin trong h phn tn
Mc ch:
Trao i thng tin u cui (gia cc chng trnh) Khng s dng b nh chung Ch yu da vo trao i cc thng bo

Vn
ng b ngun-knh-ch
Bit, byte, li, thit b trung gian, tc truyn tin

Kim sot li, lung d liu, chuyn tip, nh tuyn Giao din vi tng vt l

Phc tp: cn chia nh bi ton

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 9

Kin trc phn tng

Trao i thng tin gia cc h thng
Phc tp, a dng, nhiu vn Chia tr: cc cp p2p gii quyt vn c th (distributed modules) bng mt giao thc

Chia tr
Phn mm=> th tc v hm ng dng phn tn=> giao thc

Nguyn tc
Cc giao thc c lp Lin kt ti thiu
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 10

Giao tip gia cc tng k nhau

Tng trn s dng dch v ca tng di truyn cc thng bo
Request(M), Notify(M), Response(M), Confirm(M)

Tng di cung cp dch v cho tng trn

C ch callback, notify, ..

S dng cc thng tin iu khin trong cc thng bo phn bit cc dch v

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 11

Tiu -Thng tin iu khin

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M hnh ISO/OSI Kt ni cc h thng m

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Giao thc TCP

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III. Giao thc ca PM trung gian

2-5

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Tng phn mm trung gian

Cc ng dng u c cng cc nhu cu
Bo mt, xc thc, ng b, nh danh, sao lu

Phn mm trung gian cung cp cc dch v ni trn Cc dch v c s dng thng qua giao thc, thc th, d liu Cc giao thc, thc th, d liu ny to thnh tng phn mm trung gian. Tng ng dng ch cha cc giao thc lin quan n cc ng dng c th
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 16

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kin trc phn tng Li gi th tc t xa Trao i thng tin bng thng bo Trao i thng tin dng Trao i thng tin a im

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

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2. Li gi th tc t xa
I. Socket API II. C ch li gi th tc t xa III. C ch truyn tham s IV. Li gi th tc t xa khng ng b V. V d v li gi th tc t xa

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I. Socket API
Server
ng k cng, nghe trn cng Chp nhn kt ni n cng Trao i thng tin (gi/nhn) qua cng Gii phng kt ni

Client
Thit lp kt ni s dng cng server v client Trao i thng tin (gi/nhn) Gii phng kt ni
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 19

Socket API
Vn
Xc nh cng ca server. Port Forwarding Xc nh cng ca client.

ng b gia client v server Lin h gia phin lm vic v kt ni Rt khng thun tin cho trng hp RequestResponse.
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II. Khi nim li gi th tc t xa

Tru tng ha trao i thng tin gia client v server T yu cu=> tr li thnh quan h
Tham s thc hin=> kt qu tr v

C php li gi th tc

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Li gi th tc
count=read(fd,buf,nbytes)

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C ch truyn tham s
Tham bin Tham chiu Copy/phc hi
CT gi copy cc d liu vo Stack CT gi phc hi cc d liu t Stack

Chng trnh chnh v th tc chia s mt lung thc hin

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C ch RPC

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

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C ch RPC
Cho php mt tin trnh gi mt th tc thc hin trn mt h thng khc C ch gi th tc trong sut: ging nh th tc cc b Cn mt li gi tng t li gi ca th tc cc b, nhng c thc hin theo cch khc
Client stub

on m thc hin th tc cng cn c thc hin theo cch khc

Server stub
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C ch RPC
CT khch gi client stub Client stub ng gi cc d liu thnh thng bo, chuyn cho Client Local OS Client's OS Gi thng bo n cho Server OS Server OS chuyn thng bo cho server stub Gii m ni dung thng bo, gi chng trnh con Tr li kt qu cho Server Stub ng gi kt qu, chuyn cho, local OS Gi thng bo n cho client's OS Chuyn thng bo cho client stub Gii m thng bo, chuyn cho client
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 26

Chc nng ca client-stub

Sn sng nhn cc li gi t chng trnh client ng gi d liu Chuyn cho server Nhn tr li Gii m kt qu Tr li cho chng trnh client Thit lp kt ni vi server khi no?
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 27

Chc nng ca server stub

Sn sng nhn cc li gi Gi chng trnh server Tr li li cc li gi

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III. C ch truyn tham s

Tham bin
Gia client v server Vn khi biu din d liu khc nhau

Tham chiu
B nh phn tn Copy d liu???
Tham chiu thay bng copy/restore

Chuyn tham chiu+code truy cp vo tham chiu

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 29

Truyn tham s bng tham bin

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Truyn tham s bng tham bin

Ch hot ng tt khi h thng u cui l ng nht Xut hin vn khi:
Biu din d liu ca 2 h thng khc nhau Cc d liu khng thuc cng mt kiu, cc kiu d liu khc nhau c biu din khc nhau

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Sai lch trong truyn bng tham bin

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Truyn tham s bng tham bin

Tham chiu ch c ngha cc b C th c thc hin c bng cch
Cm s dng cc tham chiu copy cc gi tr

C th ci thin bng cch ch copy mt ln (cho input hoc output) Khng thc hin c tham chiu ti cc d liu c cu trc
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 33

c t tham s
Client v server phi thng nht vi nhau:
s lng, kiu d liu, kch thc v cch thc biu din cc kiu d liu

Client v server phi c xy dng da trn c t tham s Qu trnh thng nht ny c thc hin mc lp trnh Cc nh pht trin phi chia s vi nhau c t cc tham s pht trin thnh phn server hoc client c t ny thng gi l c t giao din, s dng IDL
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 34

Tnh m ca RPC
Client v Server c ci t bi cc NSX khc nhau Giao din thng nht client v server
Khng ph thuc cng c v ngn ng lp trnh M t y v trung lp Thng dng ngn ng nh ngha giao din

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RPC khng ng b
RPC: Client yu cu server thc hin v tr li kt qu C nhiu trng hp khng cn tr li kt qu Client sau khi gi RPC tip tc thc hin, khng quan tm n kt qu tr li.

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IV. Lin kt client server

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Lin kt client server

Lin kt cc b
Dch v cc b trn my tnh server cho bit c nhng th tc no c cung cp

Lin kt ton cc
Dch v th mc cho bit a ch my tnh v v tr ca dch v.

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Vn : tn/a ch (binding)
Client cn ch ra hm no gi t xa, trn my no
Hm no: tn My no: a ch

Cc thng tin ny c lu tr ti cc bng

C th thm, bt cc dng trong bng Tnh: dch v tn/th mc ng: kim sot bi server v client

Bng c th c xy dng khi dch, link hoc thc hin ph thuc vo RPC
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 39

5.V d
Sun RPC DCE RPC MS RPC

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RPC

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

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Xy dng chng trnh bng DCERPC

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Cng c RPC
DCE RPC
DCE Distributed Computing Enviroment, OSF (Open Software Foundation), 1990 Chy trn Unix, VMS, OS2, Xy dng da trn trn NSC ca Apollo S dng trong cc ngn ng lp trnh thng dng C, PASCAL, .(khng c JAVA)

SUN RPC
SUN Cop. 1988, v 01, 02 ONC RPC v02 1995 Thit k cho h thng file NFS Chy trn Sun Solaris, Unix,

V cc cng c khc

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Java RMI

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RMI: Li gi phng thc t xa

Li gi th tc-> RPC Lp trnh hng i tng :
i tng t xa, ng dng phn tn hng i tng

Cc vn cn gii quyt
nh v i tng t xa Trao i thng tin vi i tng Gi cc phng thc ca i tng

RMI, T-RMI, DCOM, CORBA

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 45

u im
n gin, d s dng Trong sut: li gi phng thc t xa ging li gi phng thc cc b tin cy cao An ton v bo mt (do JVM cung cp) Nhc im:
Ch dng cho java

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Kin trc
CLIENT
Application

SERVER Interface Skeletons

Interface Stubs
RMI System

Remote Reference Layer Transport

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 47

DCE RPC
Mi trng tnh ton phn tn Cung cp cc dch v cho ng dng phn tn
Dch v tp phn tn Dch v th mc phn tn Dch v bo mt phn tn Dch v thi gian phn tn

C ch DCE-RPC

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Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kin trc phn tng Li gi th tc t xa Trao i thng tin bng thng bo Trao i thng tin dng Trao i thng tin a im

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

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3. Trao i thng tin bng thng bo

I. Trao i thng tin tc thi II. Trao i thng tin bn vng III. V d

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

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Beckeley socket

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

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Socket

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MPI
M hnh bc cao hn socket Cho php cc ng dng trao i thng tin s dng thng bo c cu trc ty Cho php trao i thng bo theo nhm H tr cc phng thc trao i thng tin khc nhau (dng, khng dng, ng b)

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MPI

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Trao i thng tin bn vng

Khng cn tin trnh gi v tin trnh nhn cng kch hot Thng bo c lu tr ti cc communication server Cc trm cn c b nh m ln lu tr cc thng bo: hng i Qu trnh gi v nhn c thm s tham gia ca knh truyn tin
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 55

M hnh trao i thng tin

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Quan h gia ngun knh v ch

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Cc thao tc c bn trn hng i

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Nguyn tc hot ng

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Kin trc vi cc b chuyn tip

2-29

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B chuyn i thng bo
The general organization of a message broker in a message-queuing 2-30 system.

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V d: IBM MQSeries
General organization of IBM's MQSeries message-queuing system.
2-31

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Cc hm trn thng bo
Primitive
MQopen MQclose

Description
Open a (possibly remote) queue Close a queue

MQput
MQget

Put a message into an opened queue

Get a message from a (local) queue

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Chuyn tip thng bo

The general organization of an MQSeries queuing network using routing tables and aliases.

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Channels
Mt vi thuc tnh ca channel agent
Attribute Transport type FIFO delivery Description Determines the transport protocol to be used Indicates that messages are to be delivered in the order they are sent

Message length
Setup retry count Delivery retries

Maximum length of a single message

Specifies maximum number of retries to start up the remote MCA Maximum times MCA will try to put received message into queue

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Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kin trc phn tng Li gi th tc t xa Trao i thng tin bng thng bo Trao i thng tin dng Trao i thng tin a im

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4. Trao i thng tin dng

D liu thi gian thc
Trc tip/Khng trc tip

Phng thc truyn

Khng ng b ng b ng b chun (ISO Synchrounous)

Dng d liu
n gin/nhiu dng
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 67

I. Dng d liu lin tc

2-35.2

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Dng d liu s
Setting up a stream between two processes across a network.

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Dng d liu
Chui cc n v d liu Phng thc truyn
Khng ng b (khng rng buc v tr) ng b (c tr ln nht) ng b ng thi (c tr ln nht v tr nh nht

Dng d liu phc tp/n gin

Audio/Video
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 70

M hnh ng dng truyn dng

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II. Cht lng dch v

Cc rng buc v thi gian cn c m bo Cc yu cu v thi gian c biu din bng cht lng dch v
Tc truyn Thi gian thit lp qu trnh truyn Thi gian tr Bin dao ng ca tr Thi gian tr i v
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 72

QoS (1)
The principle of a token bucket algorithm.

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QoS (2)
c t dng

Characteristics of the Input maximum data unit size (bytes) Token bucket rate (bytes/sec) Toke bucket size (bytes) Maximum transmission rate (bytes/sec)

Service Required Loss sensitivity (bytes) Loss interval (sec) Burst loss sensitivity (data units) Minimum delay noticed (sec) Maximum delay variation (sec) Quality of guarantee

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m bo cht lng dch v

Cc lp dch v khc nhau ca tng mng
Chuyn tip khn Chuyn tip m bo S dng b m S dng m sa li Phn tn li

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S dng b m
Gim nh hng ca dao ng tr

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Phn tn li

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Thit lp dng
The basic organization of RSVP for resource reservation in a distributed system.

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III.ng b cc dng
ng b dng d liu ri rc/lin tc
To gi d liu chung cho cc dng Trnh din li tng gi d liu

ng b d liu lin tc
Yu cu cao (d nhn ra s sai khc)

Thc hin cc mc khc nhau

Mng Giao vn n v d liu ca dng ng dng
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ng b-theo mc thi gian

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Middleware a phng tin

The principle of synchronization as supported by high-level interfaces.
2-41

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Qung b c ch ng b
Cung cp c t dng v ng b dng theo dng d liu (MPEG) V tr thc hin ng b
Trm gi (dn tt c cc knh vo mt knh) Trm nhn (cc knh chuyn theo cc ng khc nhau)

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Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kin trc phn tng Li gi th tc t xa Trao i thng tin bng thng bo Trao i thng tin dng Trao i thng tin a im

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5. Trao i thng tin nhm

Thng c thc hin tng mng v tng giao vn
Thit lp knh truyn gia cc trm gi nhn

tng ng dng cha c s thng nht v chun

Khng cn thit c knh truyn trc tip.

Cha c ng lc thc hin trin khai

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I. Trao i thng tin nhm mc ng dng

Cc nt c t chc thnh mng bao ph Trn nn ca mng bao ph, hnh thnh cc nhm Thnh phn ca cc nhm khng ph thuc vo v tr v bng chn ng ca cc b nh tuyn Vic nh tuyn v chuyn cc thng bo c th khng ti u.
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Xy dng mng bao ph

Xy dng theo cu trc hnh cy
Hiu qu Vng

Xy dng theo cu trc ty

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II. M hnh r tai

Qung b cc thng tin ch da vo cc thng tin cc b Cc nt mi b ly thng tin khi c trao i thng tin vi nt c thng tin Cc quan h ly
Cp nht thng tin mt chiu (push) Truy vn thng tin (pull) Trao i thng tin 2 chiu (push-pull)

Nhc im: tnh chnh xc ca thng tin

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 87

Tnh bt nh
Khi no mt nt ngng ly lan cc nt khc
Khi trao i vi tt c cc nt k Khi tht bi trong qu trnh trao i vi cc nt k Khi trao i vi nt k v thy thng tin c hn

u im
Ph bin thng tin nhanh v hiu qu

Nhc im
Loi b thng tin kh khn
Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010 88

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kin trc phn tng Li gi th tc t xa Trao i thng tin bng thng bo Trao i thng tin dng Trao i thng tin a im

Cc h phn tn @ H Quc Trung 2010

89