Bi vit C bn v TCP/IP Protocol

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Phn I - Gii thiu chung

Nh chng ta bit Internet l mt mng my tnh ton cu , do hng nghn mng my tnh t khp mi ni ni li to nn. Khc vi ch t chc theo cc cp: ni ht, lin tnh, quc t ca mt mng vin thng nh mng thoi chng hn, mng Internet t chc ch c mt p, cc mng my tnh d nh, d to khi ni vo Internet u bnh ng vi nhau. Do cch t chc nh vy nn trn Internet c cu trc a h, cch nh a ch c bit, trong khi cch nh a ch i vi mng vin thng li n gin hn nhiu.

i vi mng vin thng nh mng thoi chng hn, khch hng cc vng khc nhau hon ton c th c cng s in thoi, phn bi i nhau bng m vng, m tnh hay m quc t. i vi mng Internet , do cch t chc ch c mt cp nn mi mt khch hng hay mt my ch ( Host ) hoc Router u c mt a ch internet duy nht m khng c php trng vi bt k ai. Do vy m a ch trn Internet hc s l mt ti nguyn.

Hng chc triu my ch trn hng trm nghn mng. a ch khng c trng nhau cn phi c cu trc a ch c bit qun l hng nht v mt T chc ca Internet gi l Trung tm thng tin mng Internet - Network Information Center ( NIC ) ch tr phn phi, NIC h phn a ch mng ( Net ID ) cn a ch my ch trn mng ( Host ID ) do cc T chc qun l Internet ca tng quc gia mt t phn hi. (Trong thc t c th nh tuyn (routing ) trn mng Internet ngoi a ch IP cn cn n tn ring ca cc my ch (Host) - Domain Name ). Cc phn tip theo chng ta hy nghin cu cu trc c bit ca a ch Internet. PHNII: Cu trc a ch IP a/ Thnh phn v hnh dng ca a ch IP

a ch IP ang c s dng hin ti (IPv4) c 32 bit chia thnh 4 Octet ( mi Octet c 8 bit, tng ng 1 byte ) cch m u t tri ua phi bt 1 cho n bt 32, cc Octet tch bit nhau bng du chm (.), bao gm c 3 thnh phn chnh.

Bit 1................................................................................... 32 Bit nhn dng lp ( Class bit ) a ch ca mng ( Net ID ) a ch ca my ch ( Host ID ).

Ghi ch: Tn l a ch my ch nhng thc t khng ch c my ch m tt c cc my con (Workstation), cc cng truy nhp v.v..u cn a ch. Bit nhn dng lp (Class bit) phn bit a ch lp no. 1/ - a ch Internet biu hin dng bit nh phn: y x y x y x y. x y x y x y x y. x y x y x y x y. x y x y x y x y

, y = 0 hoc 1.

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