1) What is LOCK escalation It is the process of LLL(Low Level locks) y lock take too much f this SQL escalates

converting Low Level Locks to higer Level Locks.Example of is row locks and HLL(Higher Level Locks) is table lock.Ever of memory so too many locks take lot of memory to get rid o the many fine-grain locks to fewer coarse-grain locks.

2) What are the different index configurations a table can have (1)No indexes (2)A clustered index (3)A clustered index and many nonclustered indexes (4)A nonclustered index (5)Many nonclustered indexes 3) What is Network Packet Size in SQL NPS(Network Packet Size) is the size of the TDS (tabular data stream) packets us ed to communicate between your applications and your relational database engine and default packet size is 4 kilobytes and its manily depends on network packet size configuration option.

4) How many objects SQL Server contains Here is the list of some of the more important database objects database,The transaction log,Assemblies,Tables,Reports,Filegroups,Full-text cata logs,Diagrams,User-defined data types,Views,Roles,Stored procedures,Users,User D efined Functions 5) Difference between Triggers and Storedprocedures Triggers are basically used to implement business rules.Triggers is also similar to stored procedures.The difference is that it can be activated when data is ad ded or edited or deleted from a table in a database.Triggers are special kind of stored procedures that get executed automatically when an INSERT,UPDATE or DELE TE operation takes place on a table.

6) What is Store Procedure A stored procedure is a set of structured query language statements that you ass ign a name and store it in to the database in a compiled form so that it can sha re between no of programs. Some advantage of Store Procedure. they allow faster execution they can reduce network traffic 7) What is SQL injection SQL injection is a security vulnerability that occurs in the database layer of a n application. The vulnerability is present when user input is either incorrectl y filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or us er input is not strongly typed and thereby unexpectedly executed. It is in fact an instance of a more general class of vulnerabilities that can occur whenever o ne programming or scripting language is embedded inside another.

8) What about the SQL SERVER 2008

SQL SERVER 2008 have some beautifull features over its previous version some of these are as follows:(1)Its take less resources and better performance. (2)Its contains Extended Events which are low level and high performance eventin g system in SQL SERVER. (3)New Extended Events are based on ETW(Event Tracing for Windows) which helps i n SQL tracing to trace oPerating System,IIS and other ETW enabled applications. (4)Event that are fire i n SQL 2008 are very fast and fire themselves synchronously and not take too many memory. (5)One of the good feature is system_health Extended Events Session which is alw ays on and report on any bad data in it. (6)Currently 254 events defined in SQL Server 2008.

9) Some Tips when Optimizing Sql Server 2005 Query. Here are some important tips regarding Sql server 2005 query. 1. Turn on the execution plan, and statistics 2. Use Clustered Indexes 3. Use Indexed Views 4. Use Covering Indexes 5. Keep your clustered index small. 6. Avoid cursors 7. Archive old data 8. Partition your data correctly 9. Remove user-defined inline scalar functions 10. Use APPLY 11. Use computed columns 12. Use the correct transaction isolation level

10) What is SQL whats its uses and its component The Structured Query Language (SQL) is foundation for all relational database sy stems. Most of the large-scale databases use the SQL to define all user and admi nistrator interactions. QL is Non-Procedural language . Its allow the user to co ncentrate on specifying what data is required rather than concentrating on the h ow to get it. The DML component of SQL comprises four basic statements: * SELECT to get rows from tables * UPDATE to update the rows of tables

* DELETE to remove rows from tables * INSERT to add new rows to tables

11) What is heap table in SQL SERVER A table that doesnot contains cluster and non cluster index is heap table becaus e there is no indexing there on to the table. 12) How many types of local tables in SQL SERVER There are 2 types of temporary tables, local and global. Local temporary tables are created using a single pound (#) sign and are visible to a single connection and automatically dropped when that connection ends. Global temporary tables ar e created using a double pound (##) sign and are visible across multiple connect ions and users and are automatically dropped when all SQL sessions stop referenc ing the global temporary table. 13) What is the diffrence between SQL and Pl Sql We can get modify, Retrieve by single command or statement in SQL but PL/SQL pro cess all SQL statements one at a time. With PL/SQL, an entire block of statement s process in a single command line.sql is structured query language ,various que ries are used to handle the database in a simplified manner. while pl/sql is pro cedural language contains various types of variable,functions and procedures and other major diffrence is Sql as the name suggest it is just structured query language wheareas PLSQL is a commbination of Programming langua ge & SQL. 14) What is the difference between UNION ALL Statement and UNION The main difference between UNION ALL statement and UNION is UNION All statement is much faster than UNION,the reason behind this is that because UNION ALL stat ement does not look for duplicate rows, but on the other hand UNION statement do es look for duplicate rows, whether or not they exist. 15) Write some disadvantage of Cursor Cursor plays there row quite nicely but although there are some disadvantage of Cursor . Because we know cursor doing roundtrip it will make network line busy a nd also make time consuming methods. First of all select query gernate output an d after that cursor goes one by one so roundtrip happen.Another disadvange of cu rsor are ther are too costly because they require lot of resources and temporary storage so network is quite busy. 16) What is Log Shipping and its purpose In Log Shipping the transactional log file from one server is automatically upda ted in backup database on the other server and in the case when one server fails the other server will have the same DB and we can use this as the DDR(disaster recovery) plan. 17) SQL Server runs on which TCP IP port and From where can you change the defau

lt port SQL Server runs on port 1433 but we can also change it for better security and F rom the network Utility TCP/IP properties -->Port number.both on client and the server.

17) What is the use of DBCC commands DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status che cks.DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly l inked.and DBCC CHECKALLOC To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocate d. DBCC SQLPERF - It gives report on current usage of transaction log in percent age. DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for 18) When do you use SQL Profiler SQL Profiler utility allows us to basically track Connections to the SQL Server and also determine activities such as which SQL Scripts are running, failed jobs etc. 19) Can you explain the role of each service SQL SERVER - is for running the databases SQL AGENT - is for automation such as Jobs, DB Maintenance, Backups DTC - Is for linking and connecting to other SQL S ervers. 20) Can you explain what View is in SQL View is just a virtual table nothing else which is based or we can say devlop wi th SQL SELECT query.So we can say that its a real database table (it has columns and rows just like a regular table),but one difference is that real tables stor e data,but views can?t. View data is generated dynamically when the view is refe renced.And view can also references one or more existing database tables or othe r views. We can say that it is filter of database 21) How to get which Process is Blocked in SQL SERVER There are two ways to get this sp_who and sp_who2 . You cannot get any detail ab out the sp_who2 but its provide more information then the sp_who . And other opt ion from which we can find which process is blocked by other process is by using Enterprise Manager or Management Studio, these two commands work much faster an d more efficiently than these GUI-based front-ends.

22) Define basic functions for master and msdb and tempdb databases in Sql Serve r (1)master:-It contains system level information for a SQL Server system and als o contains login accounts and all system configuration settings. master is the d atabase that records the existence of all other databases, including the locatio n of the database files. (2) tempdb - This database holds all temporary tables and temporary stored proce

dures. It also fills any other temporary storage needs such as work tables gener ated by SQ L Server. tempdb is re-created every time SQL Server is started so the system st arts with a clean copy of the database. (3)model - The model database is used as the template for all databases created on a system. When a CREATE DATABASE statement is issued, the first part of the d atabase is created by copying in the contents of the model database, then the re mainder of the new database is filled with empty pages. Because tempdb is create d every time SQL Server is started, the model database must always exist on a SQ L Server system. (4)msdb - The msdb database is used by SQL Server Agent for scheduling alerts an d jobs, and recording operators.

23) What is Cursor Cursor is a database object used by applications to manipulate data in a set on a row-by-row basis, instead of the typical SQL commands that operate on all the rows in the set at one time. For example, you can use cursor to include a list o f all user databases and make multiple operations against each database by passi ng each database name as a variable What is a constraint? Constraints in Microsoft SQL Server 2000/2005 allow us to define the ways in whi ch we can automatically enforce the integrity of a database. Constraints define rules regarding permissible values allowed in columns and are the standard mecha nism for enforcing integrity. Using constraints is preferred to using triggers, stored procedures, rules, and defaults, as a method of implementing data integri ty rules. The query optimizer also uses constraint definitions to build high-per formance query execution plans. What command would you use to create an index? CREAT INDEX INDEXNAME ON TABLE(COLUMN NAME)