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    Bantu Luganda

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    Michael Bloom
    The document describes features of the Bantu language Luganda. It provides a table showing Luganda words for various nouns paired with their diminutive forms. Analysis of this table reveals that in Luganda: - Nasal vowels are allophonic and follow nasal consonants. - Consonants like b, d, g become assimilated after nasals, changing to m, n, and ŋ respectively. - This does not occur for p and k. The document concludes with rules summarizing the environmentally conditioned changes that b, k, and elsewhere undergo after an initial /en/ sequence.

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    Bantu Luganda

    Uploaded by

    Michael Bloom
    139 views18 pages
    The document describes features of the Bantu language Luganda. It provides a table showing Luganda words for various nouns paired with their diminutive forms. Analysis of this table reveals that in Luganda: - Nasal vowels are allophonic and follow nasal consonants. - Consonants like b, d, g become assimilated after nasals, changing to m, n, and ŋ respectively. - This does not occur for p and k. The document concludes with rules summarizing the environmentally conditioned changes that b, k, and elsewhere undergo after an initial /en/ sequence.

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    Original Title

    7101983 Bantu Luganda

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    The document describes features of the Bantu language Luganda. It provides a table showing Luganda words for various nouns paired with their diminutive forms. Analysis of this table reveals that in Luganda: - Nasal vowels are allophonic and follow nasal consonants. - Consonants like b, d, g become assimilated after nasals, changing to m, n, and ŋ respectively. - This does not occur for p and k. The document concludes with rules summarizing the environmentally conditioned changes that b, k, and elsewhere undergo after an initial /en/ sequence.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    139 views18 pages

    Bantu Luganda

    Uploaded by

    Michael Bloom
    The document describes features of the Bantu language Luganda. It provides a table showing Luganda words for various nouns paired with their diminutive forms. Analysis of this table reveals that in Luganda: - Nasal vowels are allophonic and follow nasal consonants. - Consonants like b, d, g become assimilated after nasals, changing to m, n, and ŋ respectively. - This does not occur for p and k. The document concludes with rules summarizing the environmentally conditioned changes that b, k, and elsewhere undergo after an initial /en/ sequence.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 18

    Bantu Language

    Luganda

    Prof Elhaloui
    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akag õõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato = little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo = little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi = little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi = little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa = little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo = little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme = little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro = little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi = little branch


    Are nasal vowels in
    Luganda phonemic?
    Are nasal vowels in
    Luganda phonemic?

    Note that
    nasal vowels are
    always followed by
    nasals
    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akag õõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    ĕnnĩmiro = ĕn + nĩmiro akadĩmiro = aka +dĩmiro
    ĕnnĩmiro = ĕn + nĩmiro akadĩmiro = aka +dĩmiro

    Notice that /dimiro/ has two forms:


    nĩmiro and dĩmiro
    Since nasality of V is allophonic, either
    nimiro or dimiro can be phonemic
    ĕnnĩmiro = ĕn + nĩmiro akadĩmiro = aka +dĩmiro

    Which is natural:
    1.d changing into n, assimilating the nasality
    of the preceding n in en, or
    2.n changing into d (d is preceded by a and
    followed by i)
    Is there any minimal pait for p and b?
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    But notice what happens to b, g and d after
    nasals.
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    Does the same happen to p and k?
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akag õõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney

    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    A B
    • ĕnato a canoe akaato little cannoe

    • ĕnapo a house akaapo little house

    • ĕnobi an animal akaoobi little animal

    • ĕmpipi a kidney akapipi little kidney


    •
    • ĕŋkoosa a feather akakoosa little feather

    • ĕmmăămmo a peg akabăămmo little peg

    • ĕŋŋõõmme a horn akagõõmme little horn

    • ĕnnĩmiro a garden akadĩmiro little garden

    • ĕnugĕni a stranger akatabi little branch


    Rules

    /en/ → em/ --- +b


    /en/ → eŋ/ --- +k
    /en/ → en/ elsewhere

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