Master AutoCAD 2006. Get more skills for success !

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Li m u
Lm vic vi cc bn v trn my tnh ngy nay tr nn quen thuc v l phng tin hng ngy ca nhng ngi thit k. i vi nhng ngi mi bt u hc v trn my tnh v nhng ngi lm quen vi phn mm AutoCAD u c mong mun hc c cc cch v n gin b bt mt s thao tc tha trong khi v. Hin ang l sinh vin nm th 4 i hc chuyn nghnh Kin Trc vi kinh nghim hc hi t nhng ngi thy, bn b v sch bo cng nh kinh nghim t rt ra cho bn thn trong khun kh cun sch nh, chng ti mun gi n cho cc bn nhng kinh nghim m nhng cun sch c mt trn th trng t cp n vi hy vng n nh l nhng kinh nghim thc t. Khi vit cun sch ny chng ti cng rt mong cc bn hy t da dm vo sch v, bit t tm ti, t mnh cng c kin thc ca mnh, ng hc mt cch my mc m hy chn mt cch lm trn my tnh m bn cm thy ph hp nht. Hy vng cun sch nh ny s gip ch cho cc bn.

Thay mt nhm bin son: Elpvn 3

Mt vi li khuyn khi bn v CAD: + thc hin nhanh cc bc v CAD cc bn phi c gng tp s dng phm cch(speak) thay v phm Enter +Khi bn ko chut t phi qua tri th tt c nhng i tng m khung chn ca bn i qua s c chn +Khi bn ko chut t tri qua phi th ch c nhng i tng m tt c cc ng ca n nm trong khung chn mi c chn v d: bn v ca bn gm ba i tng a1: line (on thng) a2: circle (hnh trn) a3: rectang (hnh ch nht) +Nu khung chn ca bn t M1 n M2 (t tri sang phi):

Th ch i tng a1(line)v a2(circle) c chn +Nu khung chn ca bn t M1` n M2` (t phi sang tri):

Th tt c cc i tng m khung chn i qua u c chn +Khi nhp s liu th bn nn nhp t cc phm s nm pha phi bn phm +Bn nn s dng lnh bt im t ng (phm F3 <Osnap on>) + Sau khi nh lnh bn nhp phm cch (speak) thc hin lnh Mt s cun sch nn tham kho: Ca TS: Nguyn Hu Lc AutoCAD 2000 AutoCAD 2004 Bi tp thit k m hnh ba chiu 2000

Chng I: Lm quen vi autocad

Ni dung chng:

1- Mt s cch nhp gi tr to . 2- Cch bt im v nhp mc nh bt im 3- Hiu chnh mt s chc nng trong AutoCAD 4- S dng cc lnh F1,F2,,F12 trn bn phm

1.1 - Mt s cch nhp gi tr to . Vi AutoCAD bn c 3 cch nhp gi tr to : 1- Cch nhp gi tr to tuyt i: a,b

Mc nh trong AutoCAD lun cho ta mt h to XOY c nh. Khi ta nhp gi tr to l (a,b) th my s hiu l mnh ly im cch gc ta dc theo trc x mt on bng a v theo trc y mt on bng b (H1).

2- Cch nhp gi tr to tng i: @a,b Khi s dng lnh ny my s chuyn tc thi gc to O ti to im bn va s dng lion trc . v d: Nhp gi tr v hnh ch nht c cnh l a,b vi to im u l: a1,b1,im cui: a2,b2 th n tong ng vi php v nhp to im u: a1,b1 v to tng i ca im cui so vi im u:@a,b (H2)

3- Cch bt im: n gin v thng dng 9

y l phng php s dng nhng im ca cc i tng c trn bn v. V d: Bn mun v mt on thng(line) vung gc vi mt on thng c trc. Nhp gi tr u a1,b1 ri bn d phm shift v nhp chut phi th ngay lp tc bn c mt bng gm cc im: (shift + chut phi) - Endpoint: im mt ca ng. <Phm tt: E>; - Midpoint: Trung im ca ng <Phm tt: M>; - Intersection: Giao im <Phm tt: I>;

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- Center: Tm vng trn. <Phm tt: C>; - Quadrant: im gc 1/4. <Phm tt: Q>; - Tangent: Tip im ca ng thng vi ng trn. <Phm tt: G>;

- Nearest: im thuc ng. <Phm tt: N>; - Perpendicular: im chn ng vung gc. <Phm tt: P>; - Osnap settings : Bn chnh sa mt vi tnh nng ca CAD y ta cn v vung gc nn khi xut hin bng bt im bn ch chut vo dng Perpendicular hoc nhp phm tt P.

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Ch :- Khi s dng lnh bt im th sau khi nhp im cn bt th b phi r chut ti i tng cn bt im. -Trong trng hp bn nhp nhm im th nn nhp li im cn bt ng hai ln. Bn c th t mc nh cc im cn bt thng dng bng cch: ngay t khi bt u v bn d phm shift v nhp chut phi ri vo dng - Osnap settings : Bn chnh sa mt vi tnh nng ca CAD <Phm tt: OS> th s xut hin bng Drafting settings: + Bng object snap: t mc nh bt im nh du (v) vo kiu im bt im thng xuyn c s dng.

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(Bn khng nn chn ht c m ch nn chn nhng im bn thng dng nht v nu khng khi ZOOM nh bn v th bn s rt d bt nhm im cn bt Nn ti cc biu tng bt im ). 1.2-Hiu chnh mt s chc nng trong AutoCAD Trong bng object snap t ch bt im t ng bn s c nt options bn hy nhp vo y >options <Phm tt: OP>; 13

Drafting: t ln ca tm lc bt im v lc bnh thng

Auto snap maker color: Mu ca tm lc bt im. Auto snap maker size: lc bt im. Aperture size: Kch c ca tm lc bnh thng Display: 14 Kch c ca tm

- Croshair size: Chnh di ca du cng to v. - Colors :

Window Element: + Model tab background: Mu nn ca CAD + Command line text: Mu ch dng lnh (command: ) + Command line background: Mu nn ca dng lnh (command: ) + Model tab pointer: Mu du cng to v Ngoi ra bn c th ch trc tip vo cc i tng cn chuyn mu ngay trn hnh biu din pha trn khi nhp n itng no th Window Element s t chuyn sang dng ch tung ng vi i tng . Fonts: Kiu ch dng lnh (command: ) 15

Open and save: - Automatic save: t ch t ng ghi li. Minutes between saves : t thi gian t ng ghi. Selection: - Pickbox size: Kch c ca tm lc nhn lnh. - Grif size: Kch c im i tng (Endpoint, Midpoint, Center ) 16

+Bng Snap and Grid t khong cch cc im trn li to .

Snap x spacing: khong cch theo trc X ca cc im li to Snap Y spacing: khong cch theo trc Y ca cc im li to *Ch : Khi t bng ny chut ca bn ch c th i theo nhng im thuc li to vi cc khong cch ca li bn nhp. 17

Lnh ny ch ph hp khi bn s trong bn v c cc khong cch chn 1.3-Cc lnh tng ng vi cc phm F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7F12 trn bn phm: Phm F1: lnh Help Phm F2: hin dng lnh (command:) S dng khi bn mun xem y dng lnh Phm F3: bt (osnap on) hoc tt (osnap off) ch bt im t ng Phm F7: bt (grid on) hoc tt (grid off) li to Phm F8: bt (ortho on) hoc tt (ortho off) ch v dc theo trc to Lc bt ch ny trong qua trnh bn v chut ch c th r theo hai phng dc theo trc X hoc trc Y 18

* Tin ch khi bt ch ny: - Nu bn r chut dc theo chiu no th ch vic nhp gi tr di theo chiu m khng cn phI nhp gi tr to a,b V d: Ta v mt on thng(line) di l dc theo trc X vi to im u l (x1,y1) to im cui l (x2,y1) nh hnh v (H3) th ta ch cn nhp gi tr im u a1,b1 ri hng chut dc theo trc X theo phng on thng hng v ri nhp gi tr di on thng l (Ta c th lm tng t vi trc Y) - Ngoi ra chng ta c th p dung phng php ny cho nhiu lnh khc nh cho lnh di chuyn (move) hay lnh xoay (rotate) vi gc xoay 90 thun tin hn v nhanh hn. 19

* Ch khi s dng phng php ny th ta ch cn hng chut v pha cn sang ch khng cn phi nhp gi tr m(-) hay dng(+) Phm F9: bt (snap on) hoc tt (snap off) ch v theo li to vi gi tr li bn nhp trong bng Snap and Grid

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Phm F11: Bt <Object Snap Tracking on> hoc tt <Object Snap Tracking off> ch dng ng. V d: Bn mun v mt on thng(line) vung gc vi mt on thng cho trc nhng im chn vung gc khng nm trn on thng c. Th bn bt F11 dng lnh xut hin: Command: <Object Snap Tracking on> Th sau khi nhp to im u (x1,y1) ca on thng cn v bn r chut n on thng cho trc ri r chut ra pha s c im chn vung gc (M2). Ngoi ra c th s dng v on thng c im cui dng nhau

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* Ch : Trc khi dng lnh ny bn phi bt ch bt im t ng F3 (osnap on) khi r chut ti ng thng cho trc n s bt im thuc ng ny lm iu kin dng

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Chng II: Lm quen vi cc lnh v c bn ca autocad

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Lnh v c bn:

1>Lnh line:

a-Lnh tt: l b-Muc ch: v on thng. c-Thc hin: * Mc nh: bt (hoc nhp to ) im u v to im cui. - V mt on thng tip xc vi mt vng trn, cung trn: Bt im u(hoc nhp to )-> bt im tip tuyn: s dng Shift + chut phi -> chn Tangent (T) sau r chut ti vng trn(hoc cung trn) cn v tip tuyn ti.

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V d: Bn cn v mt on thng a1 vi to im u l (x1,y1) tip xc ng trn a2. Nhp lnh line vi lnh tt l l dng lnh xut hin (Command: l LINE Specify first point:) Nhp to (x1,y1) (hoc bt im c to ny t mt i tng c sn trc ) (Specify next point or [Undo]:) Bt im tip xc: D Shift v nhp chut phi trong bng bt im ny chn Tangent hoc nhp phm g (Specify next point or [Undo]: _tan to ) Bt im tip xc M bng cch r chut ti ng trn a2 xut hin biu tng tip xc (biu tng ny c trong bng t mc nh bt im object snap) th nhp chut.

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- V vung gc vi ng thng, on thng: Bt im u -> bt im vung gc: s dng Shift + chut phi -> chn Perpendicular (P). * Ch : Trong khi bn v m bt nhm im th hy gi nguyn lnh ang v v nh lnh (undo) vi lnh tt u quay tr li thi im trc khi bn bt nhm im. 26

2>Lnh circle:

a-Lnh tt: c b-Mc ch: V ng trn. c-Thc hin: * Mc nh: bt im tm nhp gi tr bn knh. Nhp lnh circle vi lnh tt l c (Command: c CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:) Nu: - V ng trn nhp to tm v bn knh cho trc: th mc nh v nhp to tm sau khi nhp to tm th dng lnh xut hin: (Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <0.0000>:) Nhp bn knh. 27

- V ng trn i qua 3 im th nhp: 3p Chn 3 im bt k thuc ng trn. - V ng trn theo ng knh th nhp: 2p - V ng trn tip xc 2 i tng cho trc th nhp: TTR (ch phi vit hoa, vit hoa th d phm Shift v nh phm ch) Chn ng tip xc th nht -> th hai -> nhp gi tr bn knh. V d: V ng trn a1 tip xc on thng a2 v ng trn a3 cho trc (H6) Nhp lnh circle vi lnh tt l c (Command: c CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:) Nhp TTR: (Specify point on object for first tangent of circle:) R chut ti on thng a2 xut hin biu tng tip xc th nhp chut 28

(Specify point on object for second tangent of circle:) R chut ti ng trn a3 xut hin biu tng tip xc th nhp chut (Specify radius of circle <0.0000>:) Nhp bn knh ca ng trn tip xc cn v.

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Bi tp ng dng cho lnh LINE, CIRCLE

Hng dn: Bc 1: V i tng line - Nhp lnh line vi lnh tt l l Command: l LINE Specify first point: Nhp to bt k (Nhp chut ti mt im bt k trn bn v) , 30

Specify next point or [Undo]: n phm F8 bt ch v dc theo trc to <Ortho on> -> Ko chut sang phi v nhp 10 -> Ko chut hng ln trn v nhp 0.5 -> Ko chut sang tri v nhp 10 -> Bt im cui ca ng line (a1) bng phng php bt im Shift+chut phi v chn Endpoint (e) (hoc n phm F3 bt im t ng nu bn t bt im Endpoint) -> Nhn phm ESC thot lnh -> Nhn phm cch (speak) thc hin li lnh line m khng cn phi nhp l -> Bt im cui M1 ca i tng line (a2) -> Ko chut ln trn v nhp 0.5 -> Ko chut sang phi v nhp 10 -> Bt im cui ca ng line (a2)

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Vi nhng ng line cn li bn tip tc s dng phng php nhp di v bt im tng t. -S dng lnh line v i tng line (a4) Nhp lnh line: ->Bt im cui E2` ca i tng line (a2) ->Nhp to tng i im cui E4` ca i tng line (a4) bng cch nhp :@7.5,2 ->Ko chut ln trn v nhp 0.5 ->Bt im cui ca i tng line (a3) Bc 2: V i tng line Nhp lnh circle vi lnh tt l c Command: c CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Bt trung im ca i tng line (a2) V bn v ny tm ca i tng circle (c1) trng vi trung im ca i tng line (a2) nn ta s dng phng php bt im ny. 32

Nu nh tm ca i tng (c1) ch thuc i tng (a2) v cch im cui E2 mt khong a cho trc th ta phi v mt ng line xut pht t E2 sang phi v c chiu di ngang bng a sau bt tm ng trn l im cui ca i tng line va dng. Ch khi ta dng i tng mi ny s b i tng (a2) che khut nhng khi bt im cui th ta vn c th bt bnh thng. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Nhp bn knh 1

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3>Lnh rectang:

a-Lnh tt: rec b-Mc ch: v hnh ch nht c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: Bt to im u -> bt to im cui ca ng cho ca hnh ch nht. 34

- V hnh ch nht khi bit to im u v di cc cnh: Nhp gi tr im u -> @a,b Vi a l chiu di ngang ca hnh ch nht (trc x) b l chiu di ng ca hnh ch nht (trc y) V d: V hnh ch nht khi bit to im u l (x1,y1) v c a l chiu di ngang ca hnh ch nht (trc x) b l chiu di ng ca hnh ch nht (trc y) Nhp lnh v hnh ch nht (rectang) vi lnh tt l rec dng lnh xut hin: (command: rec RECTANG Specify first cornor point or [chamfer/elevation/fillet/thickness/width]: mc nh v nhp to im u x1,y1 (Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:) mc nh v nhp to im cui @a,b 35

- V cc hnh ch nht c cc cnh vt,bo trn: Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc ny bn xung dng lnh (command: rec RECTANG Specify first cornor point or [chamfer/elevation/fillet/thickness/width]: Bn hy nhp tip cc lnh tt sau nu bn s dng n: - Cnh vt: chamfer 36

Lnh tt: c Thc hin: (Command: rec RECTANG Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: c Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>:) Nhp vt cnh ngang a (trc x) (Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <2.0000>:) -> vt cnh ng b (trc y) Sau thc hin php v tng t i vi hnh ch nht.

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- Bo trn cc gc: fillet Lnh tt: f Thc hin: (Command: RECTANG Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: f Specify fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>:) 38

Nhp gi tr bn knh bo a -> thc hin php v tng t i vi hnh ch nht.

*Ch : Sau khi thc hin lnh RECTANG CHAMFER hay lnh rectang fillet th nhng lnh rectang v sau s tip tc nhn nhng gi tr ny do bn mun tr li trng thi v hnh ch nht bnh thng th hy nhp li cc gi tr vt ca chamfer hay bn 39

knh bo ca fillet bng khng (0) th n s tr li bnh thng. 4> Lnh ARC: a-Lnh tt: a b-Mc ch: v cung trn c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: V cung trn i qua 3 im (Command: arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]:) -> Bt im u M1 (Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]:) -> im trung gian M2 (Specify end point of arc:) -> im cui M3

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-V cung trn khi bit tm, im u, im cui: Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc ny bn xung dng lnh (command: a arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: )

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Bn hy nhp tip lnh tt c c th thc hin thao tc v ny ( c y tng ng vi lnh Center (tm)). (Command: arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: c Specify center point of arc:) Sau khi nhp c bn hy nhp to (hoc bt im) tm im ca cung. Specify start point of arc: -> to im u Trong phng php v ny khong cch t tm n im u my s t mc nh l di bn knh. Sau khi bt im u th cung trn s ch xoay theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h. Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: -> to im cui. y to im cui ch c tc dng l im ngt ca cung trn. 42

-V cung trn khi bit im u, tm, gc hoc di ca cung: Bt im u (command: a arc Specify start point of arc or [Center/End]: ) -> Nhp lnh v tm (center) vi lnh tt c -> Bt im tm 43

Dng lnh s xut hin (Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]) + Nhp lnh v gc (angle) vi lnh tt a

-> Nhp gi tr ca gc hoc click chut vo im

ti ca gc Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: a Specify included angle: -120 (V d: gc xoay l 120 cng chiu kim ng h)

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+ Nhp lnh v theo di ca cung (chord Length) vi lnh tt l -> Nhp gi tr chiu di ca cung. -V cung trn khi bit tm, im u, gc hoc di ca cung : Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc ny bn xung dng lnh (command: a arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: ) Bn hy nhp tip lnh tt c c th thc hin thao tc v ny ( c y tng ng vi lnh Center (tm)). Sau khi nhp c bn hy nhp to tm im ca cung -> to im u Dng lnh s xut hin (Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]) 45

+ Nhp lnh v gc (angle) vi lnh tt a -> Nhp gi tr ca gc hoc click chut vo im ti ca gc + Nhp lnh v theo di ca cung (chord Length) vi lnh tt l -> Nhp gi tr chiu di ca cung. d-Ch : Trong khi v cung trn nu nh ta s dng phng php v gc th cung ngc chiu kim ng h nhn gi tr dng(+) cung cng chiu kim ng h nhn gi tr m(-).

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Bi tp ng dng: Bn hy s dng lnh line v lnh arc v hnh mt chic cu treo vi s liu nh hnh sau:

Hng dn: ( y ti ch hng dn cc bn v mt na cu pha phi, phn cn li tng t) Bc 1: Bn hy s dng lnh line v thn cu: Nhp lnh l (line) ->bt mt im (E2) bt k trn bn v -> bt <Ortho on> (F8) v r chut sang tri 47

> th t nhp cc s liu sau: 2.5,1.25,1.25 -> r chut ln pha trn mn hnh, nhp tip s liu 3 -> r chut sang tri nhp tip s liu 0.25,2.5,2.5,0.5,2.5,2.5 - thot lnh bng cch s dng phm Esc hoc nhp tip mt ln phm cch (speak) -> nhp tip lnh line bng cch nhp li mt ln phm cch (bn khng cn phi vit li lnh va s dng) Ti im E3 (bt im) vi s liu nh hnh v bn hy t v phn ct cu. Bc 2: S dng lnh Arc v dy treo: Nhp lnh a (arc) -> bt im E3` -> nhp e (End) v cung trn arc theo phng php bit im u, im cui v bn knh (Command: a ARC Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]:e) 48

-> bt im E2 -> nhp r (radius) v cung theo bn knh (Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]:r) -> Nhp bn knh 8 Tng t bn hy v nhng dy treo cn li

5> Lnh pline: a-Lnh tt: pl b-Mc ch: v nhiu on thng, cung trn lin tc nhng vn ch l mt i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: v on thng Bt im u -> to im cui. -V on thng v cung trn lin hp : Nhp lnh pl (pline) Bt im u -> 49

(Command: pl PLINE Specify start point: Current line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:) + Nu v on thng th ta dng mc nh v nhp to im cui. + Nu v cung trn th nh a (tng ng vi lnh ARC) -> thc hin cc bc tip theo tng t vi v cung trn (ARC) Sau khi v cung trn mun tr li v on thng nh l (tng ng vi lnh Line)-> thc hin cc bc tip theo tng t vi v on thng (Line). Ngoi ra bn c th nhp gi tr nt (hay cn gi l b dy ng Width) vi lnh tt l w sau khi nhp lnh tt bn nhp gi tr ca b dy.V k t lc ny nhng ng bn v bi lnh pline s c nt dy nh 50

bn nhp, nu cn tr li bnh thng th bn nhp li lnh width v nhp gi tr bng 0. d-Ch : +Trong khi v cung trn nu nh ta s dng phng php v gc th cung ngc chiu kim ng h nhn gi tr dng(+) cung cng chiu kim ng h nhn gi tr m(-). +Trong khi v nu nhp sai im hay lnh line vi arc th bn d nguyn lnh v v nhp lnh u (undo) c th tr li trng thI ngay trc khi v sai. V d: cho mt hnh v nh bn vi chiu dy (width) l 0,5 Nhp lnh pl (pline) ->bt im u E1 bt k Command: pl PLINE Specify start point: Current line-width is 0.0000

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Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: -> nhp lnh w (width) bng 0.5 Specify starting width <0.0000>: 0.5 ( dy nt ti im bt u) Specify ending width <0.5000>: ( dy nt ti im cui) *Nu bn t dy im cui khc nhau th lc v nt ca bn c khi v s l hnh thang. Trong trng hp ny th sau khi nhp gi tr nt ti im u th bn nhp tip mt ln phm cch chng trnh nhn gi tr dy nt im cui tng t im u. -> sau khi nhp gi tr dy nt bn nhp phm F8 <Ortho on> bt ch v dc theo trc to -> r chut dc theo trc x sang phi nhp 10 -> r chut dc theo trc y hng xung nhp 2 52

-> nhp lnh v cung a (arc) Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/ Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: -> nhp lnh v cung theo tm ce (CEnter ) -> nhp to tm 53

Specify center point of arc: @0,-1 -> nhp lnh v cung theo gc -> v nhp gi tr gc. Ch y do cung cng chiu kim ng h nn ta nhp gi tr m (-) Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]: a Specify included angle: -180 -> nhp lnh v on thng l (line) V tip tc v tng t on cn li.

6> Lnh xline: a-Lnh tt: xl b-Mc ch: v chm ng thng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: bt im lm tm xoay cho chm ng thng bn mun to -> th t nhp cc im th hai cho tng ng thng. 54

v d: Bn mun v qua M mt chm ng thng ti M1,M2,M3 : Nhp lnh xline vi lnh tt l xl -> bt im M (Command: xl XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Specify through point:) bt im M1 -> ta c ng a1 bt im M2 -> ta c ng a2 bt im M3 -> ta c ng a3

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+V nhiu ng song song vi trc X v i qua nhng im cho trc Sau khi nhp lnh xline vi lnh tt l xl dng lnh xut hin ( Command: xl XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:) Th bn nhp lnh hor vi lnh tt l h sau bt cc im ng thng i qua 56

+V nhiu ng song song vi trc Y v i qua nhng im cho trc Sau nhp lnh xline vi lnh tt l xl dng lnh xut hin ( Command: xl XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:) Th bn nhp lnh ver vi lnh tt l v sau bt cc im ng thng i qua 57

+v nhiu ng song song v nghing vi trc X mt gc cho trc v i qua nhng im cho trc Sau nhp lnh xline vi lnh tt l xl dng lnh xut hin ( Command: xl XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:) Th bn nhp lnh ang vi lnh tt l a ->nhp gi tr gc nghing -> bt cc im ng thng i qua 58

+v nhiu ng song song vi ng cho trc vi khong cch cho trc Sau nhp lnh xline vi lnh tt l xl dng lnh xut hin ( Command: xl XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:) Th bn nhp lnh Offset vi lnh tt l o -> nhp khong cch 59

(Command: XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: o Specify offset distance or [Through] <0.0000>:) -> bt ng thng lm trc song song. ( Select a line object:) V d : Bn mun v mt s ng thng song song vi on a v khong cch gia chng l 1 Nhp lnh xl (xline)-> nhp lnh o (offset) (Command: XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: o) ->nhp gi tr khong cch l 1 (Specify offset distance or [Through] <0.0000>:1) ->nhp chut vo on thng a cho trc. ( Select a line object:) ->nhp chut ch hng cho ng bn to nm pha no ca ng gc a (Specify side to offset:) 60

7> Lnh spline: a-Lnh tt: spl b-Mc ch: v ng cong c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: th t bt cc im un Ch : +Vi lnh ny cc bn ch nn s dng khi v cc ng cong tng i

61

+Nu bn bt cng nhiu im th ng cong ca bn cng mn +Nu ng cong lc bn bt im m cha ng th sau khi hon thnh ng cong bn c th chnh sa, un nn ng cong hp l hn bng cch ch chut vo ng cong lc ny s xut hin nhng im trn ng cong -> ch chut ln im mun sa li ng cong

62

+Ngoi cch v ng cong bng lnh ny ti s hng dn cc bn s dng lnh pedit phn mt s lnh hiu chnh bin mt ng pline thnh ng cong.

8> Lnh POLYGON: a-Lnh tt: pol b-Mc ch: v a gic u c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: Nhp s cnh a gic (Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>:) -> bt tm im ca a gic (Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: ) 63

*Nu bn mun v a gic theo cnh ca n th bn nhp e (Edge) -> bt im u ca cnh (Specify first endpoint of edge:)->bt im cui ca cnh (Specify second endpoint of edge:) -> chn a gic ni tip ng trn i (Inscribed in circle) hay ngoi tip ng trn c (Circumscribed about circle) (Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:) -> nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip hay ngoi tip ca a gic. (Specify radius of circle:) V d: Bn mun v mt a gic u c 5 cnh c tm l M1 cho trc v ni tip vng trn bn knh M1M2 Nhp lnh v a gic u POLYGON vi lnh tt l pol dng lnh xut hin: 64

(Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>:) nhp s cnh a gic l 5 (Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: 5 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:) bt im M1 (Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: 5 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:) nhp lnh ni tip ng trn (Inscribed in circle) vi lnh tt l i (Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: i Specify radius of circle:) bt im M2

65

Chng II: 66

Mt s lnh hiu chnh c bn ca autocad

1>Lnh rotate a-Lnh tt: ro b-Mc ch: xoay i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: Chn i tng cn xoay 67

(Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: ) -> nhp tm xoay (Specify base point:) -> Nhp gc xoay (Specify rotation angle or [Reference]:) V d : bn mun xoay i tng a1 theo tm M mt gc 30 cng chiu kim ng h

68

- Ngoi ra bn c th s dng phng php sau p dng phng php ny gip chng ta khng phi n gc lch gia a1vi a3 m vn c th xoay a1 li hp vi gc a3 mt gc theo mnh . V d: bn mun xoay a1 li hp vi a1 mt gc l 30 Nhp lnh xoay (rotate) vi lnh tt ro

-> chn i tng cn xoay (a1)

69

-> chn tm xoay (M) sau khi chn trn dng lnh xut hin: (command: Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: ) Th ta nhp tip lnh Reference vi lnh tt r

-> nhp gc lch gia a1v a3 sau khi xoay ( y

ta ly 30 th nhp vo 30 ) (command: Specify the reference angle <0> :30) ri bt mt im bt k thuc a3.

70

2>Lnh move a-Lnh tt: m b-Mc ch: dch chuyn i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: Chn i tng cn dch chuyn (Select objects:) -> Bt im u (Specify base point or displacement:) -> Bt im cui
(Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:)

71

3>Lnh scale a-Lnh tt: sc b-Mc ch: phng to, thu nh i tngtheo t l c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng cn phng to hay thu nh (Select objects:) -> Bt mt im bt k (Specify base point:) ->Nhp s ln cn phng to hay thu nh. (Specify scale factor or [Reference]:) V d: cn thu nh i tng a1 xung vi t l 1/2 Ta nh lnh phng to, thu nh scale vi lnh tt tng ng l sc -> chn i tng a1 (Select objects:)

72

-> bt mt im M bt k (Specify base point:) -> nhp t l 1/2 vo ta s c i tng a2 bng 1/2 i tng a1 (Specify scale factor or [Reference]:1/2)

*Ch : vi lnh scale bn ch c th phng vt theo t l, m khng lm bin dng i tng. 73

4>Lnh EDIT a-Lnh tt: ed b-Mc ch: chnh sa dng text (vn bn) hoc text dim (s liu kch thc) c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn dng ch (text) hoc s liu kch thc (text dim) cn chnh sa Sau khi chn bn s c vo li bng Text formatting Trong bng ny bn c th chnh sa li dng text, text dim, kch thc ca ch, kiu ch hin hnh, mu sc ch. Sau khi chnh sa xong bn nhp chut vo biu tng OK

74

5>Lnh ltscale a-Lnh tt: lts b-Mc ch: chnh khong cch nt t, ng tm,.. c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: nhp gi tr khong cch (Command: lts LTSCALE Enter new linetype scale factor <0.1000>:)

75

*Ch : khi s dng lnh ny ng thng ca bn c th mt i hoc khng cn nt t th l do gi tr bn nhp vo qu ln hoc qu b. Nu cha quen t l th bn c th th tng gi tr ltscale cho dn khi ph hp, nht l ph hp t l khi in v rt d xy ra trng hp d thy nt t trn bn v m bn t l ltscale ny qu ln. V d: trong hnh minh ho ti ly hai ng nt t a1 ( t l ltscale l 1) v a1` (t l ltscale l 2) ng tm a2 (t l ltscale l 50) v a2` (t l ltscale l 100).

76

6>Lnh properties a-Lnh tt: pr b-Mc ch: xut hin bng s liu ca i tng bn chn c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: trong bng ny bn c th thay i mt s tnh nng ca ng Color: mu ca ng Layer: mng ca ng Linetype: kiu nt ng Linetype scale: khong cch ca nt t ( ny s khng xut hin nu ng chn l nt lin ) Line weight: chiu dy ca ng Thickness: chiu cao khng gian ca ng *Ch :Bn ch nn chn i tng cn xem xt, khng nn chn nhiu i tng mt lc. 77

7>Lnh MATCHprop a-Lnh tt: ma b-Mc ch: nhi c tnh i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn kiu i tng nhi (Select source object:) -> chn i tng cn nhi (Current active settings: Color Layer Ltype Ltscale Lineweight Thickness 78

PlotStyle Text Dim Hatch Polyline Viewport Table Select destination object(s) or [Settings]:) Vi lnh ny ng bn nhi s nhn mu(color), mng(layer), kiu nt ng(Linetype), khong cch nt t(Linetype scale), chiu dy(Line weight) v mt s tnh cht v ng ca i tng nhi. V d: trong hnh minh ho di y a2` l hnh nh ca a2 sau khi s dng lnh MATCHPROP nhi li c tnh ca i tng a1.

79

8>Lnh trim a-Lnh tt: tr b-Mc ch: ct xn ng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng lm bin ct (Select objects:) -> nhp chut vo i tng cn ct (Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:) V d: chn a1 l i tng lm bin ct cc i tng cn ct l a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 Sau khi nhp lnh ct trim vi lnh tt l tr ta chn a1 (Select objects:) -> n phm cch (speak) sang bc tip theo click chut vo i tng cn ct a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 (Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:) 80

81

+Ct mt lc nhiu i tng: Chn i tng lm bin ct n phm cch (speak) ->Sang bc chn i tng ct ta nh lnh f (Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: f) ->sau k mt on ct qua cc i tng cn ct Bt im u(First fence point:) Bt im cui(Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]:) +Nu gia i tng lm bin ct v i tng cn ct khng c i tng no khc th bn c th b qua bc chn i tng lm bin ct bng cch sau khi nh lnh ct trim vi lnh tt l tr bn nhp hai ln phm cch (speak), y cn gi l phng php ct nhanh.

82

*Ch : khi s dng lnh ny +i tung lm bin ct phi ct i tng cn ct +Bn c th chn mt lc nhiu i tung lm bin +Khi ct ng trn hay hnh ch nht th i tng lm bin ct cn phi nh c hai im ct.

83

9>Lnh fillet a-Lnh tt: f b-Mc ch: bo trn gc ca hai i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: Nhp lnh f (fillet) ->Nhp lnh r (radius) nhp bn knh cung trn s bo gc
(Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: r

-> nhp bn knh cung trn s bo gc (Specify fillet radius <0.0000>:) -> chn i tng cn bo gc th nht
(Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]:)

-> chn i tng cn bo gc th hai. (Select second object:) V d: Bn cn bo hai i tng a1, a2 mt cung vi bn knh bng 2 84

Nhp lnh f sau nhp thm lnh nhp bn knh (radius) vi lnh tt r
(Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: r

Specify fillet radius <0.0000>:) ->nhp bn knh 2 ->chn a1

(Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]:)

->chn a2 (Select second object:)

85

*Vi lnh ny khi bn c th ko di hai i tng ct nhau khi bn nhp bn knh (radius) bng 0 V d: vi i tng a1,a2 nh trn ta c th ko di a1, a2 ct nhau.

10>Lnh chamfer a-Lnh tt: cha b-Mc ch: vt gc c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: Nhp lnh cha (chamfer) -> nhp lnh d (Distance) Command: cha CHAMFER

86

(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 2.0000, Dist2 = 3.0000 Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: d ->Nhp chiu vt th nht (first chamfer distance <2.0000>:) ->nhp chiu vt th hai (Specify second chamfer distance <3.0000>:) -> chn i tng cn vt th nht (Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]:) -> chn i tng cn vt th hai (Select second line:) V d: Bn cn vt hai i tng a1,a2 vi chiu vt a1 l 2, chiu vt a2 l 3

87

Nhp lnh cha sau nhp thm lnh Distance vi lnh tt l d nhp gi tr vt Trn dng lnh xut hin: (command: specify first chamfer distance<0.000>:) Nhp gi tr vt cnh th nht: 2 ->(command: specify second chamfer distance<2.000>:) Nhp gi tr vt cnh th hai: 3 (Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]:) -> chn i tng a1 (Select second line:) -> chn i tng a2

88

*Tng t vi lnh fillet lnh ny cng gip bn ko di hai i tng ct nhau khi gi tr Distance bng 0

10>Lnh align a-Lnh tt: al b-Mc ch: p i tng ny theo i tng khc c-Thc hin: 89

*Mc nh: Chn i tng cn p -> bt im p th nht (Specify first source point:) -> bt im p n th nht (Specify first destination point:) -> bt im p th hai (Specify second source point:) -> bt im p n th hai (Specify second destination point:) ->tng t vi im th ba V d: Bn cn p i tng a1 vo i tng a2 nh hnh v: Nhp al -> bt im p th nht (M1) bt vo im p n th nht (M1`) -> bt im p th hai (M2) bt vo im p n th hai (M2`) -> bt im p th ba (M3) bt vo im p n th ba (M3`)

90

*Nu bn mun p i tng cn p c mt cnh bng vi cnh i tng nh v th ngay sau khi bt im p n th hai (Specify third source point or <continue>:) Bn nh thm mt ln phm cch (speak) trn dng lnh xut hin: (command: Scale objects based on alignment points?[yes/no]<no>:) Bn nhp lnh yes vi lnh tt l y 91

V d: Bn cn p i tng a1 vo i tng a2 v c mt cnh M1M2 ca a1 bng cnh M1`M2` ca a2 nh hnh v: Nhp al -> bt im p th nht (M1) bt vo im nh v th nht (M1`) -> bt im p th hai (M2) bt vo im nh v th hai (M2`) ->nhp cch(speak) dng lnh xut hin: (command: Scale objects based on alignment points?[yes/no]<no>:) Bn nhp lnh yes vi lnh tt l y

92

11>Lnh extend a-Lnh tt: ex b-Mc ch: phng i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng ch (Select objects:) -> chn i tng cn phng (Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]:) V d: Bn cn phng i tng a1, a2 n i tng ch l a3 Nhp lnh phng extend vi lnh tt l ex -> chn i tng ch a3 (Select objects:) -> chn i tng cn phng a1, a2 (Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]:) 93

+Nu bn phng mt lc nhiu i tng th bn nh thm lnh f khi chn i tng phng ri ko mt ng ct qua cc i tng cn phng (tng t vi lnh trim). +Nu gia i tng ch v i tng cn phng khng c ng i tng no ct qua th bn c th b qua bc chn i tng ch bng cch khi nh

94

lnh phng extend vi lnh tt l ex bn nhp lun hai ln phm cch (speak) ri chn i tng cn phng *Ch : khi s dng lnh ny +Nu cung trn c bn knh b hn khong cch t tm ng trn n ng ch th lnh ny n khng c tc dng +Bn ch c th phng i tng khi ban nhp vo phn i tng phng gn i tng ch nht +Bn c th chn nhiu i tng ch

12>Lnh BREAK a-Lnh tt: br b-Mc ch: ct i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: bt im ct u (Command: br BREAK Select object:) -> bt dim ct cui 95

(Specify second break point or [First point]:) V d: Trn ung thng a1 bn mun ct khong gia hai im M1,M2 Nhp lnh break vi lnh tt l br -> bt im ct u (M1) -> bt dim ct cui (M2)

*Ch : Khi bn ct ng trn th theo chiu kim ng h ly t tm ng trn ca vng trn s c gi li. Vi hnh ch nht th khi bn ct trong hai cnh th phn ln s c gi li, trong ba cnh th th phn tri hoc phn trn s c gi li. 96

Chng II: Mt s lnh ghi kch thc ca autocad

97

1>Lnh dimlinear

a-Lnh tt: dli b-Mc ch: o kch thc vi trc o dc theo h to OXY c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn khong cch cn o bng cch bt im u v im cui

2>Lnh dimaligned a-Lnh tt: dal b-Mc ch: o kch thc vi trc o dc theo im u v im cui 98

c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn khong cch cn o bng cch bt im u v im cui

3>Lnh dimbaseline

a-Lnh tt: dba b-Mc ch: o kch thc vi trc o song song vi mt trc o c trc. c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: ly ngay im u ca trc o ngay trc Nu bn mun chn mt trc o khc th nhn nt cch (speak) thm mt ln na -> chn trc o mi bn cn ly song song vi n. 99

*Ch : chn trc o mi l bn phi chn vo ng dng lm ng dng u cho trc o song song.

4>Lnh dimcontinue

a-Lnh tt: dco b-Mc ch: o kch thc vi trc o ni tip vi mt trc o c trc c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: ly ngay im cui ca trc o ngay trc . Nu ta mun chn mt trc o khc th nhn nt cch (speak) thm mt ln na -> chn trc o mi.

100

*Ch : chn trc o mi l bn phi chn vo ng dng lm ng dng u cho trc o ni tip.

5>Lnh dimdiameter

a-Lnh tt: ddi b-Mc ch: o ng knh c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn ng trn hay cung trn cn o *Ch : trong c hai lnh ddi (dimdiameter) v lnh dra (dimradius) bn c th b tm hoc khng b tm phn ny bn c th chnh sa m ti s gii thiu phn chnh sa lnh dim. 101

6>Lnh dimradius

a-Lnh tt: dra b-Mc ch: o bn knh c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn ng trn hay cung trn cn o

7>Lnh dimangular a-Lnh tt: dan b-Mc ch: o gc c-Thc hin:

102

*Mc nh: chn ng 2 ng cn o gc hp bi hai ng ng u -> ng cui Ch : khi s dng cc lnh o (dim) nu bn khng thy s liu, hay khng c du k thutxut hin th do nguyn nhn ch yu l bn t c ch,c du k thut ca n qu b v hiu chnh bn c th lm nh sau:

8>Lnh modify dimension style

manager a-Lnh tt: d b-Mc ch: hiu chnh vlnh o kch thc c-Thc hin: Sau khi nhp lnh mn hnh s xut hin bng

modify dimension style manager

103

Bn chn Modify

lines and arrows :

Cc hiu chnh v ng dng v ng ghi kch thc

Dimension lines: hiu chnh ng ghi kch

thc + color: mu ca ng ghi kch thc + Lineweight: dy ca ng ghi kch thc 104

+ Suppress: nh du vo dim line 1 b du k thut gc nh du vo dim line 2 b du k thut ui

Extension lines: hiu chnh ng dng

+ color: mu ca ng dng + Lineweight: dy ca ng dng + Extend beyond dim lines: tha ca ng dng + Offset from origin: Khong cch t im o n chn ng dng + Suppress: nh du vo ext line 1 b ng dng gc nh du vo ext line 2 b ng dng ui

Arrowheads: hiu chnh du k thut

1st: du k thut gc 105

2nd: du k thut ui Arrow size: kch thc du k thut

Center marks for circles: hiu chnh du

tm k thut ng ghi bn knh, ng knh. Type: kiu tm None: khng b du k thut Mark: b du tm (+) Line: b tm dng trc Size: kch c ca du tm k thut

Text:
Cc hiu chnh v kch thc

Text apperance:
+Text style: nhp vo du () ta s c bng Text style Trong bng ny bn c th chnh 106

Font name: font ch ca kch thc Font style: kiu ch kch thc Italic: ch nghing Bold: ch dy abcd abcd abcd

Bold Italic: ch dyv nghing

Regular: ch trng thI bnh thng ca font ch chn Height: chiu cao ch Upside down: ch lt xung di (dng bng di nc) Back wards: ch ngc (dng nh trong gng) Width factor: rng ca ch Oblique angle: nghing ca ch +Text color: mu ch ghi kch thc +Fill color: mu nn ch ghi kch thc 107

+Text height: chiu cao ch +Draw frame around text: nh du vo y bn s to khung bao cho ch ghi kch thc

Text placement:
+Vertical: v tr t ch ghi kch thc Centered: t gia ng ghi kch thc Above: t trn ng ghi kch thc +Horizontal: v tr t ch ghi kch thc Centered: t gia ng ghi kch thc At ext line1:ch ghi kch thc lch v pha ng dng gc At ext line2:ch ghi kch thc lch v pha ng dng ui Over ext line1:ch ghi kch thc nm trn ng dng gc Over ext line2:ch ghi kch thc nm trn ng dng ui 108

Text alignment:
+Horizontal: ch ghi kch thc nm ngang +Aligned with dimension line: nm trn ng ghi kch thc

Primary units
+Linear dimensions: kiu vit s liu. +Precision: ly phn l sau du phy. +Decimal separator: chn cch ghi kch thc theo du chm (.) hay du phy (,) cho s thp phn

109

Chng II: Mt s lnh khc ca autocad

110

Mt s lnh khc

1>Lnh text a-Lnh tt: t b-Mc ch: vit ch c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn v tr cn vit ch vo sau khi chn s xut hin bng Text formatting Trong bng ny bn c th chn Font ch, c ch, kiu ch, ri sau bn vit dng ch cn a vo bng v kt thc nhp chut vo phm OK

111

2>Lnh p a-Lnh tt: p b-Mc ch: chn li cc i tng bn chn ngay trc khi bn ang s dng mt lnh no . c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: sau khi bn nh mt lnh thc hin trn cc ng bn chn thc hin mt lnh no trc , bn nh thm phm p th ngay lp tc bn s c nhn li cc i tng ny. Vi d: Trc bn va thc hin mt lnh copy cc i tng a1,a2,a3 sang v tr a1`,a2`,a3` ngay sau bn mun thc hin mt lnh khc cho cc i tng a1,a2,a3 Chng hn lnh di chuyn i tng (move) sang mt v tr khc bn nh lnh m sau bn nh

112

thm lnh p th ngay lp tc bn chn li c cc i tng a1,a2,a3 m khng phi click chut. *Lnh ny thng s dng khi nhng i tng bn chn nm nhng v tr phc tp khng thun tin cho vic chn.

3>Lnh copy a-Lnh tt: co b-Mc ch: sao chp cc i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng -> chn im u -> chn im cui. *Trong qa trnh sao chp cc i tng bn mun sao chp i tng trn thnh nhiu i tng lin tc, bn nh thm lnh m (Multiple) trc khi bt im u. 113

V d: bn sao hai i tng a1,a2 vi im u l M1 n hai v tr mi l M2 v M3 nh lnh copy vi lnh tt l co -> chn i tng cn sao chp a1,a2 Command: co COPY Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 2 found -> nh lnh m Specify base point or displacement,or [Multiple]:m -> bt im u M1 Specify base point or displacement: -> di chuyn n cc v tr M2,M3 ta s c cc i tng cn sao chp Specify second point of displacement:

114

*Ch vi lnh ny th bn khng th copy i tng t bn v ny sang bn v khc Cho nn nu mun copy th bn khng nh lnh ny m chn cc i tung cn copy sau bn n t hp phm ctrl + c ri m bn v cn copy sang v n t hp phm ctrl + v

115

4>Lnh array a-Lnh tt: ar b-Mc ch: sao mt lc thnh nhiu i tng theo nh hng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng cn sao -> nhp kiu sao -> chn i tng cn sao -> nhp khong cch sao Vi lnh array bn c hai cch sao : +sao theo hnh ch nht (rectangular) Bn nhp lnh tt ar (array) Vi autocad 2000 -> chn i tng cn sao Command: ar ARRAY Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found Select objects:

116

-> chn kiu sao l r (rectangular) Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: r -> nhp s hng (rows) Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: -> nhp s ct columns Enter the number of columns (|||) <1> -> nhp khong cch ca i tng trong mt hng Bn c th s dng chut chn im u im cui khi th khong cch theo trc x ca hai im ny l khong cch ca cc i tng trn mt hng, v khong cch theo trc y ca hai im ny l khong cch ca cc i tng trong mt ct.
Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell(--):

-> nhp khong cch ca cc i tng trong mt ct Specify the distance between columns (|||): Sao theo hnh trn (polar array) 117

-> nhp lnh array -> nhp p (polar) sao theo hnh trn Command: ar ARRAY Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found Select objects: Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: p -> nhp tm xoay Specify center point of array: ->nhp s lng sao Enter the number of items in the array: 10 ->nhp gc quay tng Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: ->nhp kiu quay Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: Nu bn nhp yes th i tng sao s xoay hng theo tm xoay

118

cn nhp no th i tng gi nguyn hnh dng v xoay theo tm.

119

Vi cad 2004 tr ln th sau khi nhp lnh th xut hin bng ARRAY

Th bn nh du vo kiu sao: + theo hnh ch nht (rectangular) ->nhp vo select objects chn i tng cn sao -> nhp vo rows nhp s hng 120

-> nhp vo columns nhp s ct -> nhp vo rows offset nhp khong cch hng -> nhp vo columns offset nhp khong cch ct -> nhp vo angle of array chn gc nghing ca mng i tng sao chp so vi trc ng Nu bn mun nhp mt khong cch hng hay ct c sn trong bn v th bn nhp pick rows offset v pick columns offset c biu tng du mi tn gch cho ngay sau mi nhp khong cch hoc mun nhp c hai cng mt lc th bn nhp vo pick both offset c biu tng mi tn v hnh ch nht v d: bn mun sao i tng a1 thnh 6 hng 4 ct vi khong cch cc i tng trong hng l 2

121

khong cch cc i tng trong ct l 1 gc nghing l 30

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+ sao theo hnh trn (polar array) ->nhp vo select objects chn i tng cn sao -> nhp vo center point nhp to tm xoay. Nu mun nhp tm xoay c sn trong bn v bn nhp vo pick center point c biu tng du mi tn gch cho ngay sau mi nhp to tm xoay -> nhp vo method chn kiu nhp gi tr sao i tng Bn c 3 cch: -total number of items & angle to fill: nhp s lng sao v gc quay tng ->nhp vo total number of items nhp s lng sao -> nhp vo angle to fill nhp gc quay tng

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- total number of items & angle between items: nhp s lng sao v gc quay gia hai i tng sao -> nhp vo total number of items nhp s lng sao -> nhp vo angle between items nhp gc quay gia hai i tng sao

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- angle to fill & angle between items: nhp gc quay tng v gc quay gia hai i tng sao -> nhp vo angle to fill nhp gc quay tng -> nhp vo angle between items nhp gc quay gia hai i tng sao

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*Ch : trong lnh sao theo hnh trn nu mun cc hnh sau khi sao u hng v tm th bn nh du vo rotate items as copied nm tri ca bng array

5>Lnh layer a-Lnh tt: la b-Mc ch: m bng layer 126

c-Thc hin: vi cad 2004 tr ln

+ct Status: hin th layer ang s dng (l layer c nh du v ct ny) Nu mun s dng layer no bn nhp vo hng ca layer +ct Name: hin th tn cc layer Nu mun i tn ca layer no bn nhp p chut vo tn ca layer 127

+ct On: hin th layer no ang bt,tt Layer bt bng n c mu vng Layer tt bng n c mu xanh Mun bt hay tt layer no th bn nhp vo hnh bng n ca layer Nu Layer no tt th trn bn v s khng hin th cc i tng ca Layer Thng p dng khi bn v qu ri v nhiu i tng hay mt layer no khi bn ch cn khi v nhng khng mun in ra +ct Freeze: hin th layer no ang b ng bng hay khng b ng bng Layer khng b ng bng c hnh trn mu vng. Layer b ng bng c hnh trn mu xanh Mun ng bng layer no th bn nhp vo hnh trn ca layer 128

Nu Layer no b ng bng th trn bn v s khng hin th cc i tng ca Layer +ct Lock: hin th layer no ang b kho hay khng b kho Layer khng b kho c hnh kho m ra Layer b kho c hnh kho ng li Mun kho layer no th bn nhp vo kho ca layer Nu Layer no b kho th trn bn v vn hin th cc i tng ca layer nhng bn khng lm vic trn cc i tng ny c. +ct color: hin th mu layer Mun i mu ca layer no bn nhp chut vo mu ca layer

129

+ct linetype: hin th kiu nt ca layer Mun i nt ca layer no th bn nhp vo ca layer Khi nhp vo y s xut hin bng select linetype bn nhp tip vo load,,, v bng load or reload linetype bn chn kiu nt mnh cn ri n OK -> tr li bng select linetype bn nhp vo ng mnh chn n OK

+ct lineweight: hin th b dy nt ca layer Mun i b dy nt ca layer no th bn nhp vo ca layer Khi nhp vo y s xut hin bng lineweight bn chn kch thc b dy ri n OK

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*Mun to layer mi bn nhp vo new layer c biu tng hnh sao t trn t giy vi phm tt l alt + n sau khi c layer mi bn t tn cho layer ri chn th t cc bc nh trn *mun xo layer no th bn nhp chut vo layer v nhp vo c biu tng du gch cho st new layer vi phm tt l alt + d Ch layer ch c xo khi trn bn v khng cn i tng ca layer

6>Lnh offset a-Lnh tt: o b-Mc ch: to mt ng song song cch mt khong cho trc c-Thc hin:

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*Mc nh: nhp khong cch gia i tng cho trc vi i tng s to -> chn i tng cn to -> nh v pha i tng s to hin th V d: Bn mun to t a1,a2,a3 cc i tng a1`,a2`,a3` Nhp lnh offset vi lnh tt l o -> nhp 1 Command: o OFFSET Specify offset distance or [Through] <Through>: 1 -> chn ln lt cc i tng cn to Select object to offset or <exit>: a1 -> nhp chut xung di a1 v y i tng s to a1` nm pha di i tng cn to a1 i tng a1` s hin th ngay sau khi bn nh v pha ca n a2 -> nhp chut vo pha trong a2 v y i tng s to a2` nm pha trong i vi i tng cn to a2 132

Bn lm tng t vi cc i tng a3, a4

7>Lnh boundary a-Lnh tt: bo b-Mc ch: to ng vin pline bo xung quanh i tng khp kn c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: i vi cad 2004 tr ln 133

Sau khi nhp lnh BOUNDARY vi lnh tt l bo th xut hin bng BOUNDARY CREATION bn s khng chnh sa g bng ny m nhp chut vo biu tng pick points ri nhp chut vo pha trong ca i tng cn bo vin

V d: vi i tng a1 gm nhiu on line to thnh v bn mun n c mt ng vin pline bo 134

theo nhng ng line ny c th tin s dng v sau ( chng hn nh ch vic offset mt ln m khng phI mt cng offset tng ng line ri bo cc gc ( fillet)

Th bn s dng lnh ny. Hay ni mt cch khc sau khi dng lnh ny bn c c thm mt ng pline khp kn

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8>Lnh MIRROR a-Lnh tt: mi b-Mc ch: to i tng i xng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng cn ly i xng -> nhp trc i xng Khi ny trn dng lnh xut hin: (Command: mi MIRROR Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>:) Nu mun gi i tng cn ly i xng th bn nhp nt cch (speak) tip mt ln na (No) Nu mun xo i tng cn ly i xng th bn nhp lnh Yes vi phm tt l y v d: a1 l i tng cn ly i xng qua trc i xng M1M2 nhp lnh mirror vi lnh tt l mi -> chn i tng a1 136

Command: mi MIRROR Select objects: Specify opposite corner: -> bt im M1 Specify first point of mirror line: -> bt im M2 Specify second point of mirror line:

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9>Lnh BHATCH a-Lnh tt: h b-Mc ch: bi vt liu cho mt ct c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: sau khi nhp lnh BHATCH vi lnh tt l h th xut hin bng Boundary hatch and fill

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-> pattern: hin th tn vt liu ang s dng mun i vt liu khc th bn nhp vo nt c biu tng () sau khi vo y th xut hin bng vt liu Hatch pattern palette trong ny bn c th ln lt chn cc bng ansi, iso, other predefined tm vt liu cho thch hp sau khi chn c vt liu thch hp bn nhp p chut vo vt liu -> tr li bng Boundary hatch and fill lc ny pattern s hin th tn vt liu bn va chn swatch s hin th kiu vt liu bn va chn -> angle: gc nghing ca vt liu Nu mun vt liu bn chn c nghing so vi trc X bao nhiu th bn nhp vo y

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->Scale: khong cch tng i ca cc ng trong vt liu bn chn ->pick points: nh du vng cn bi vt liu *Ch : +Khi bn dng lnh ny vng cn bi vt liu phi kn, nhng khng cn phi lin tc, tc l cc ng bao phi ct nhau hoc ni tip nhau +Nu khi bn bi cho mt vng no qu di m khi pick point khng c th cc bn nn chia nh vng cn bi ra bng cc lnh LINE (on thng) th t chn cc vng cn bi nh sau xo cc ng line i th bn vn c mt mng ln cn bi

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10>Lnh BLOCK a-Lnh tt: b b-Mc ch: hp nhm i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: sau khi nhp lnh BLOCK vi lnh tt b th xut hin bng block definition -> name: tn nhm i tng ca bn -> pick point: chn im gc ca nhm i tng -> select objects: chn cc i tng hp nhm ->retain: to hp nhm mi m khng hp nhm cc hp nhm cc i tng chn ->convert to block: to hp nhm mi v hp nhm cc i tng chn ->delete: to hp nhm mi v xo cc i tng chn

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Ch : sau khi hp nhm th trong th vin bn v (INSERT) s xut hin tn ca block bn va to v khi no s dng n block ny th bn c th gi ra bng lnh INSERT

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11>Lnh INSERT a-Lnh tt: i b-Mc ch: gi cc i tng hp nhm i tng (block) c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: sau khi nh lnh INSERT vi lnh tt l i th xut hin bng insert name bn nhp tn block bn cn gi

143

12>Lnh ERASE a-Lnh tt: e b-Mc ch: xo i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tung cn xo

13>Lnh STRETCH a-Lnh tt: s b-Mc ch: sa i tng bng cch dch chuyn im thuc i tng c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: bt i tng cn sa -> bt im s dch chuyn -> bt im cn dch chuyn n v d: ti mun bin i tng a1 (rectang) thnh i tng a1` 144

nhp lnh STRETCH vi lnh tt l s -> chn i tng a1 -> bt im M -> ko M ti M`.

14>Lnh EXPLODE
a-Lnh tt: x b-Mc ch: bung cc i tng lin tc (PLINE, RECTANG, POLYGON, BLOCK, BHATCH, ) c-Thc hin: *Mc nh: chn i tng cn bung Ch : +vi lnh ny khi v nhanh mt i tng tng ng vi cc hnh cn bn th sau khi v

145

hnh cn bn xong th bn bung ra v chnh sa nhng v tr bn cn V d: bn c mt block ca nh hnh v nhng gi ti mun thay nhng hnh trn ca ca bng nhng hnh lc gic (polygon) Nhp lnh bung EXPLODE vi lnh tt l x ->chn block ca, sau khi bung block ca s khng cn nguyn khi m s c tch ra gm cc hnh cn bn cu to nn n

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Bn c mun xut mt bn v AutoCAD thnh mt file nh th hy lm nhng bc sau y: Trn thanh cng c bn vo file -> Plotter manager Xut hin bng Plotter manager

Chn file Add-A-Plotter Wizard Xut hin bng Autodesk hardcopy system

147

Bn chn s dng cho autoCAD no -> nhp chut vo continue Xut hin bng Add plotter introduction page

-> nhp chut vo next Xut hin bng Add plotter begin

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-> nhp chut vo next Xut hin bng Add plotter- plotter model

-> tip nhng bng sau bn nhp next lin tc cho ti bng Add plotter- plotter name

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Bn nhp vo plotter name mt tn bt k tu chn. -> next -> finish. Tr li vi bn v bn n t hp phm Ctrl + p Xut hin bng Plot

+ plot device - Plotter configuration Chn name ca bn va t phn plotter name trn. 150

- Plotter style table: chn name l monochrome.ctb chnh nt lc xut ra bn chn Edit Ch nt lc xut ra ch c th thay i theo mu nt trong bn v - nh du vo plot to file chn ng dn cho file xut ra File name: tn ca bn xut Location: ng dn + plot settings - Pape size: kh bn xut - Printable area: n v chiu di kh giy - Window: khoanh vng cn xut - plot scale: t l bn xut - Nu mun t i tng cn xut cn gia bn th nh du vo Center the plot Full preview xem th trc lc xut. Nhp vo OK xut bn v. 151

y l cun sch u tay nn chng ti khng th trnh khi thiu st, rt mong c c gp , ng h ca cc bn. Nu bn c khc mc g trong lnh vc CAD hay ho nh PHOTOSHOP, 3DS MAX, CAD 3D, WED xin hy lin h vi ti, ti sn sng gii p cho bn.
a ch : 1 - Nguyn Vit Thng (elpvn) Lp KT Cng trnh AC1, Khoa KT ng dng H Tng Hp Munich, c e-mail: architecture@vietnam.com hoc: ecard_83@yahoo.de 2- Nguyn Ph Qu Lp 47KD6 i hc xy dng H Ni e-mail: youandihn@yahoo.com

Xin chn thnh cm n cc bn s dng cun sch ny. 152

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