Module: 10: vkx ,oa lqj{kk

;wfuV 43- vkx dk lS)kfUrd Kku

ikB lajpuk
43-1
43-2
43-3
43-4
43-5
43-6
43-7
43-8
43-9

ms;
ifjp;
vkx dh mRifk
vkx ds tyrs jgus dk dkj.k vkx dk prqHkwZt
vfXukeu ds fl)kUr
vkx dk oxhZdj.k
oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij vfXukeu dk fl)kUr
lkjkak
izukoyh

43-1 ms;
bl ikB ds v/;;u ls vki tkusaxs





vkx dh mRifk
vkx ds mRifk ds dkj.k vFkkZr vkx dk f=Hkwt
vkx ds tyrs jgus ds dkj.k dk prqHkwZt
vfXukeu dk fl)kUr

43-2 ifjp;
vkx dk laca/k euq;ksa ds lkFk tUe&tUekarj ls pyrs vk jgk gSA vkx dk fodkl
ml le; gqvk tc euq; taxyksa esa thou O;rhr djrk Fkk rc mls Hkkkk dk Kku
ugha FkkA uoikkk.k ;qx esa yksxksa us nks iRFkjksa dks Vdjkdj vkx dh mRifk dhA
vkx ds mn~Hko ds fok; esa dgk x;k gS fd bldh mRifk nks iRFkjksa ds Vdjko ds
QyLo:i mRiUUk fpuxkjh ds QyLo:i gqvkA bl fpuxkjh us uoikkk.k dky ds
yksxksa ds thou esa ,d kafrdkjh ifjorZu yk;k vkSj yksxksa dk thou vPNh rjg
ls O;rhRk gksus yxkA euq; bldk mi;ksx viuh lqj{kk rFkk Hkkstu dks idkdj
[kkus esa djus yxk] ftlls ,d rjQ rks vkx ds }kjk yksxksa ds thou esa kafrdkjh
ifjoRkZu vk;k rks nqljh rjQ ;g yksxksa ds foukk dk Hkh lwpd cu x;kA vkx
fdlh Hkh egRoiw.kZ HkaMkj] ?kj] dkxtkr] ekhu] QSDVjh bR;kfn dk foukk dj
ldrh gS] vr% vkx ds ckjsa esa ,d yksdksfDRk gS fd **vkx dks ,d vPNk lsod rks
198

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

dgk tk ldrk gS ysfdu ,d [kjkc ekfyd dgus esa

dksbZ vfr;ksfDr ughaa gS**A
D;k vkx dsoy foukk dk gh lwpd gS] dnkfi ugha]
;fn vkx ds foukkdkjh :i ls cpuk gS rks blds
fy, bldk fujkdj.k djuk vko;d gksxkA fujkdj.k
djus ds fy, dqN mik; djus gksaxs rkfd blls cpk
tk ldsA
vc izu mBrk gS fd vkf[kj vkx gS D;k \ fdls
dgrs gSa vkx\
vkx vaxzsth kCn FIRE dk fgUnh :ikUrj.k gS ftls
vyx vyx dj le>k tk ldrk gS
F- Find vFkkZRk [kkstuk vkx yxus ij mls [kkstuk
fd vkx dgk yxh gS\
I Inform vFkkZRk lwpuk nsuk vkx dh lwpuk nsuk
R Restrict vFkkZRk jksduk vkx dks c<+us ls jksduk
E Extinguish cq>kuk vkx dks cq>kuk
bu pkjks kCnksa dks le>us ls gh vkx dh ifjHkkkk ugha gks ldrh gSA blds fy,
vkx dh ifjHkkkk bl izdkj nh tk ldrh gSA
**vkx ,d lk/kkj.k jlk;fud izfrf;k gS tks rhu inkFkZ vkWDlhtu] bZa/ku vkSj
fufpr rkieku dh mifLFkfr esa mRiUu gksrh gS rFkk mRiUu gksus ds ckn jkskuh]
xehZ rFkk xSl nsrh gSA**
;g vkx mRiUu gksrh gS fdlh Toyar rki lsA
Toyar rki &,d ,slk U;wure rkieku ftlesa tyus dh izfrf;k kq: gksrh gS
U;wure 5 lsds.M esaA
ySk IokbZaUV %& ;g ,d ,slk U;wure rkieku gS ftlesa inkFkZ dk HkLehdj.k gksrk
gS vFkkZr vkWDlhtu dh mifLFkfr esa >.kHkaxqj fapaxkjh mRiUu djrk gS ,d ckgjh
tkZ L=ksr ds enn ls] tSls isVksy& 1-5 lsds.MA
bXuhku rkie & oSlk rkie ftls feyus ij oLrq Lor% xeZ gksdj tyuk izkjaHk
dj nsrh gS og rkie ml oLrq dk bXuhku rkie dgykrk gSA

43-3 vkx dh mRifk dSls gksrh gS &

vkx dh mRifk ds fy, eq[;r% rhu vko;d phtkas
dh vko;drk iM+rh gS] bZa/ku vFkkZr tyus okyk
inkFkZ] fufpr rki vFkkZRk xehZ vkSj vkWDlhtuA

ppkZ djsa

mijksDr fooj.k ls LiV gks jgk gS fd vkx dh

mRifk ds fy, rhu phtks bZ/ku] vkWDlhtu ,oa rki
dk gksuk vko;d gksrk gSA bls vki bl f=Hkwt ds
lgkjs ls vklkuh ls le> ldsaxsA

vkx dh mRifk esa

vkWDlhtu] bZa/ku
vkSj fuf'pr rki
dh Hkwfedk
lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

199

bl f=Hkqt ls ;g LiV gks jgk gS fd vkx dh mRifk ds fy, rhuksa vko;d phtks
dk gksuk vko;d gS] ftl rjg ls ;fn f=Hkqt ds fdlh Hkwtk dks gVk nsus ls f=Hkqt
ugha cu ldrk gS mlh rjg vkx ds mRifk ds fy, vko;d bu rhuksa phtks esa ls
fdlh ,d ds vHkko esa vkx dh mRifk ugha gks ldrh gS A

43-4 vkx ds tyrs jgus dk dkj.k vkx dk prqHkZwt

vk/kqfud vkfodkjksa dk dguk gS fd vkx ds mRifk ds fy, bu rhuksa
phtksvkWDlhtu] bZ/ku vkSj rki ds vykok ,d pkSFkh pht dh Hkh
vko;rk gksrh gS vkSj og gS yxkrkj izfrf;kA D;ksafd tyus okyh
oLrq ls rki vkSj vkWDlhtu jgus ds ckotwn Hkh ;fn mfpr ek=k esa
izfrf;k ugha gks jgh gS rks Hkh vkx dh mRifk ugha gks ldrh gSA
blhfy, vkx ds f=dks.k dks vc vkx ds prqdks.k ds :i esa tkuuk
T;knk mi;qDr gksxk ftls VsVkgsMksu dh laKk nh x;h gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy, tyus okyh oLrq rks gj txg ekStwn gS gh] lw;Z ls mls
rki Hkh feyrs jgrk gS vkSj gok esa vkWDlhtu ekStwn gh gS ysfdu gj
txg vkx rks ugha yxrh] D;ksafd bu rhuksa esa vkilh izfrf;k ,oa
mfpr rkie dk vHkko gksrk gSA
rki dh ek=k bruh vf/kd gksuh pkfg, fd og tyus okyh oLrq dks
bruk xeZ dj lds fd Toyukhy xSl dh mRifk gksrh jgs vkSj mls tyus ds fy,
mfpr ek=k esa vkWDlhtu Hkh feyrk jgsA
vU;Fkk vkWDlhtu ds vHkko esa vkx /kqdrs jgsxh vkSj /khjs&/khjs orZeku vkWDlhtu
dk miHkksx djus ds Ikpkr cq> Hkh ldrh gSA

43-5 vfXukeu ds fl)kUr vFkkZr vkx cq>kus dk fl)kURk

vHkh vkius Ik<+k fd vkx dh mRifk rhu rRoksa bZa/ku] vkWDlhtu ,oa rki ds feyus
ls gksrh gS rks gesa ;g [;ky j[kuk gS fd bu rhu rRoksa dks vkil esa u feyus nsaA
vxj fdlh rjg bu rhuksa rRoksa dk feyu gks x;k gks vkSj vkx dh mRifk gks pqdh
gS rks oSls voLFkk esa bu rhuksa rRoksa esa ls fdlh ,d rRo dks lekIr dj nsa ;k gVk
nsa rks vkx [kqn o [kqn cq> tk,sxhA bl rjg ls vkx cw>kus ds Hkh fuEufyf[+kr rhu
ewy fl)kar gS&
1- LVkosZku esFkM
2- Leksnjhax esFkM rFkk
3- dqfyax esFkM
1-

200

LVkosZku vFkkZr vkx dks Hkw[kk ekjuk%& tc vkx ls tyus okyh oLrq dks
fudky dj vyx dj nsrs gSa rks bl f;k dks LVkosZaku dgk tkrk gSA bl
i)fr esa vkx ds rhu rRoksa esa ls ,d **bZa/ku** ;kfu tyus okys inkFkZ dks gVk
fn;k tkrk gS ;k vkiwfrZ can dj nh tkrh gSA ftls CUT OF FUEL ;kfu
STARVATION METHOD dgrs gSaA tSls fp= ls LiV gksrk gS fd ;fn
tyrs gq, ydM+h vFkkZr bZa/ku dks chp ls dkVdj vyx dj fn;k tk, rks
vyx fd;k gqvk Hkkx ugha tysxk vkSj vkx Lor% cq> tk,sxhA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

2-

Leksnjhax vFkkZr ne ?kksaVuk%& tc fdlh Hkh ek/;e ls vkx rd gok ;k

vkWDlhtu dks igqapus ls jksd nsrs gSa rks bl f;k dks Leksnjhax dgk tkrk gSA
bl i)fr esa vkx ds rhu rRoksa esa ls ,d vkWDlhtu dh vkiwfrZ can dj nh
tkrh gSA ftls CUT OF OXYZEN ;kfu SMOTHERING METHOD
dgrs gSaA

ppkZ djsa
Qk;j chVj

fp= ls LIkV gksrk gS fd tcrd ekseckh dks vkWDlhtu

feyrh jgh og tyrh jghA vkSj tc Xykl ls ekseckh dks
<+d fn;k x;k rc ekseckh dks vkWDlhtu dh vkiwfrZ can gks
x;h vkSj vkx cq> x;hA
vxj fp= miyC/k ugh gS rks mi;qZDr ykbZu gVk nsa
3-

dqfyax esFkM vFkkZRk vkx dks BaMk djuk %& tc vkx ls xehZ dks vyx dj
nsrs gSa rks mls vkx dks BaMk djuk dgk tkrk gSA bl i)fr esa vkx ds rhu
rRoksa esa ls ,d rki dks ikuh Mkydj de ;k lekIr dj nh tkrh gSA ftls
CUT OF FIX TEMPERATURE ;kfu COOLING METHOD dgrs
gSaA dqfyax esaFkM ds fy, ikuh Mkyuk lcls mi;qDr rjhdk gksrk gSA ikuh 95
izfrkr SMOTHERING dk dke djrk gS vFkkZRk vkWDlhtu dks jksdus dk
dke djrk gS vkSj 5 izfrkr COOLING ;kfu BaMk djus dk dke djrk gSA

vc ge ckjh ckjh ls vkx cq>kus dh rhuksa i)fr;ksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa %&
1-

LVkosZku %& LVkosZku dh f;k fuEukafdr rjhdksa ls dh tkrh gSA tyus okyh
oLrq dks vkx ds vklikl ls gVkdj nwj dj fn;k tkrk gS ftlls vkx esa yxs
oLrqvksa ds tyus ds ckn vkSj tyus okyh oLrq ughaa feyus ls vkx [kqn o
[kqn cq> tkrh gSA tSls & vkx ds NksVs&NksVs fgLlksa esa foHkkftr dj nsuk]
mnkgj.k ds fy, vxj ikp dqlhZ j[kh gq;h gS ftlesa fdlh ,d dqlhZ esa vkx
yx x;h gS] ftl dqlhZ esa vkx yxh gS mlds lehi ls ckdh dqlhZ dks gVk nsa

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

201

;kfu chp ls [kkyh dj nsus ls vkx cq> tk,sxhA taxy esa vkx yxus ij vkx
ds Hkkx ds fglkc ls chp ls taxy dh dVkbZ dj nsus ls vkx cq> tk,sxhA
bl rjhds ls vkx dks ihVdj Hkh cq>kk;k tk ldrk gSA ;kfu dh LVkosZku esFkM ds
fy, chaVhax esFkM dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa ,d vkx ihVus okys lkeku
;kfu Q+k;j chVj dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
2- Leksnjhax%& Leksnjhax ds :i esa rsy dh vkx ij Q+kse] MkbZ ikmMj ;k vU;
fdlh pht ls <+dus dh fof/k dk bLrseky dj Leksnjhax fd;k tkrk gSA blls
tyus okys inkFkZ vkSj ok;qe.My ds chp ,d ,slh ijr cu tkrh gS tks
vkWDlhtu dks Toyukhy inkFkZ rd igqapus ls jksd nsrk gSA ykbV okVj dk
iz;ksx Hkh Q+kse dh rjg gh dk;Z djrk gSA blds vfrfjDr CO2 MkbZ ikmMj
ds fNM+dko }kjk Hkh Leksnjhax fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3- dqfyax %& vkx }kjk ftl nj ls xehZ dh mRifk gks jgh gS mlls vf/kd nj
ls ml xehZ dks [+kre djus ij ,d ,slk le; vk;sxk fd vkx BaMh gksdj cq>
tk,sxhA vkx ij tsV vFkok fjoksfyax czkap ds ek/;e ls ikuh nsus ls ;gh f;k
gksrh gSA vkx dks BaMk djus ds fy, rjg&rjg dh fof/k;ka iz;ksx esa yk;h
tkrh gSA tSls rsy dh vkx esa Hkh fjoksfyax czkap ls vkx ds mij ,slk fNM+dko
fd;k tk,s fd rsy dh lrg ij ikuh dh cwan igqapus ls iwoZ oki esa ifjofrZr
gks tk,s rks vkx dks cq>k;k tk ldrk gSA ikuh dks ;fn rsy esa bl rjg
fNM+dko fd;k tk,s fd ikuh dh NksVh&NksVh cwansa rsy dh lrgh {ks= esa rSjrh
jgsa rks og ikuh dh cwansa rsy dh xehZ dks lks[kdj vkx cq>kus dk dk;Z dj
ldrh gSA bl fof/k dks bEyqlhfQdsku vkWQ n ljQsl vkWQ vk;y dgrs gSaA

43-6 vkx dk oxhZdj.k

oLrq ds jlk;fud ,oa HkkSfrd xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij vkx dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa foHkDr
fd;k x;k gSA ftldk ukedj.k ,] ch] lh vkSj Mh ls fd;k x;k gS ;kfu dh vkx
dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA
Js.kh , %& bl Js.kh ds vkx dks lk/kkj.k Toyukhy vkx dgk tkrk gSA ftlesa
dkcZfud oLrq,sa vkrh gS] ,slh oLrq,sa tks tyus ds ckn jk[k ds :i esa viuk voksk
NksM+ nsrh gSA tSls & ydM+h] diM+k] dkxt] dks;yk rFkk jcjA
;g vkx dqfyax] Leksnfjax rFkk LVkosZku fof/k ls cq>kbZ tkrh gSA
Js.kh ch %& bls Toyukhy vkx dgrs gSa blds varxZr rjy inkFkkZs ls mRiUu vkx
vkrk gSA bl Js.kh esa isVksy] Mhty] isaV] LizhV bR;kfn phtsa vkrh gSaA ijUrq blesa
vYdksgy viokn gS tks ikuh esa ?kqy tkrk gSA

xfrfof/k
dwfyax] Leksnfjax
,oa LVkosZ'ku fof/k
ls vkx fu;af=r
djus dk rjhdk
vius izf'k{kd ls
tkusa

bl Js.kh dh vkx dkQh Hk;kud ,oa foukkdkjh gksrh gSA

;g vkx Leksnfjax fof/k ls cq>k;h tkrh gSA
Js.kh lh%& bl Js.kh ds vkx dks xSl dh vkx dgrs gSaA blds vUrxZr xSl ls mRiUu
vkx vkrh gSA tSls & xSl] bFkhyhu] ,y0 ih0 th0 bR;kfnA
fctyh ds vkx dks Hkh blh xzqi esa j[kk tk ldrk gS] tSls tujsVj] LVkVZj] esu
Lohp] VkalQ+keZj] dEI;qVj bR;kfn esa yxh vkxA
bl Js.kh dh vkx Hkh Leksnfjax fof/k ls cq>k;h tkrh gSA

202

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

vkx dk uke

mnkgj.k@inkFkZ

vkx cq>kus dh fof/k

lk/kkj.k vkx

ydM+h]
dks;yk]diM+k]
dkxt]IykfLVd vkfn

dqfyax] Leksnfjax] LVkosZku

Toyukhy vkx rsy

dh vkx

isVzksy]Mhty]dsjksflu]fLizhV]
isUV]vYdksgy vkfn

Leksnfjax

nckoh; vkx xSlh;

vkx

,y-ih-th-]lh],u]th]
bFkhyhu],lhfVyhu vkfn

Leksnfjax

/kkrqbZ@jlk;fud
vkx

eSXusfk;e]
dSfYk;e]
ftad]dksckYV]fudsy vkfn

LVkosZku ,oa Leksnfjax

bysDVhdy Q+k;j

VkalQeZj]
vkfn

LVkosZku

tsusjsVj]

eksVj

uksV & fctyh ds vkx dks igys ,d vyx Js.kh bZ esa j[kk x;k Fkk ysfdu ,slk
ns[kk x;k fd fctyh ds /kkjk izokg dks [+kre dj nsus ij og nwljs xzqi esa ifj.kr
gks tkrk gS vFkkZr bldk viuk dksbZ fufpr xqzi ughaa gSA
bls ;gka lh xzqi esa lqfo/kk ds [;ky ls cryk;k x;k gS rkfd vkx cq>krs le; dksbZ
dfBukbZ u gks D;ksafd ;a=ksa dks igapkuus ds fy, ;a= ds mij vkx dk xqzi Hkh fy[kk
jgrk gS mlesa vc ;a=ksa ds mij *bZ* xzqi ughaa jgrk gSA lkFk gh lkFk ftu ;a=ksa ls
,oa ftl fof/k ls lh xzqi ds vkx dks cq>krs gSa mu ;a=ksa ,oa mlh fof/k ls fctyh
dh vkx dks Hkh cq>k;k tkrk gSA blfy, bls lh xzqi esa gh dguk mfpr gksxkA
Js.kh Mh & bl Js.kh esa oSls vkx vkrs gSa tks /kkrqvksa@jlk;fud inkFkksZ ls mRiUu
gksrs gSaA tSls & eSXusfk;e] iksVkfk;e] vYeqfu;e rFkk ftad ds }kjk mRiUu vkxA
vkx ds bl fofHkUUk Jsf.k;ksa dks uhps ,d pkVZ }kjk LiV fd;k tk jgk gS ftls
ns[kdj vki bls vklkuh ls le> ldsaxsA
bl Js.kh dh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, LVkjosZku rFkk Leksnfjax fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k
tk ldrk gSA

43-7 oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij vfXukeu dk fl)kUr

, Js.kh dh vkx vFkkZr lk/kkj.k vkx & **rki BaMk dj**%&
bl Js.kh ds vkx dks ikuh ds lgk;rk ls vklkuh ls cq>k;k tk ldrk gSA ijUrq
bls cq>kus ds fy, vkx cq>k;s tkus okys fdlh vU; lk/ku dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

ch Js.kh

dh vkx vFkkZr Toyukhy vkx & **vkWDlhtu dks <+ddj** %&

bl Js.kh dh vkx esa tyus okys inkFkZ pwafd ?kuRo esa ikuh ls gYds gksrs gSa blfy,
bl ij ikuh dk iz;ksx ughaa fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkx cq>kus ds fy, mu lHkh
lk/kuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS tks ikuh ls gYdk gks vFkkZr ikuh ds vykok
fdlh Hkh vU; lk/ku dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vxj ikuh dk iz;ksx djuk gks
rks ikuh dk gYdk QOckjk dks iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkx cq>kus ds fy, ftl
gYds inkFkZ dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS mls Q+kse dgrs gSa] ;g AFFF Liquid gksrk

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ppkZ djsa
/kkrqvksa ,oa
jlk;fud inkFkksZ
ls mRi vkx

ppkZ djsa
vkx cq>kkusa esa
iz;ksx gksus okys
inkFkZ
203

gSA

lh Js.kh dh vkx vFkkZr xSlh; vkx & **vkWDlhtu <d dj ;k LVkosZku

djds** %&
bl Js.kh ds vkx esa tyus okyh oLrq pwafd xSlh; voLFkk esa gksrh gS ;k fctyh dh
/kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gksrh gS] ftlls cq>kus okys dks [+krjk gksus dk Hk; jgrk gS
blfy, bl izdkj dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, mlh lk/ku dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS
tks okrkoj.k esa vkWDlhtu dh ek=k dks de djus esa l{ke gksA vxj ikuh dk iz;ksx
djuk gks rks eghu Qqgkjs ds :i esa gh djuk pkfg,A loZizFke fctyh dh /kkjk dks
dkVuk gksxkA vxj gesa fctyh dh /kkjk dkVus dh txg ugha ekywe gS rks dkcZu
MkW;vkWDlkbZM dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

Mh Js.kh dh vkx vFkkZRk /kkrqbZ vkx & **vkWDlhtu <+ddj**%&

bl Js.kh ds vkx esa tyus okys inkFkZ /kkrq gksrs gSa ftlds dkj.k bl vkx esa rkie
dkQh vf/kd gksrk gSA rkie dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k ikuh ds VqVus dk Hk; rks jgrk
gh gS lkFk gh lkFk vf/kdkak tyus okys /kkrq ikuh ls izfrf;k dj ldrs gSaA
blfy, bl Js.kh dh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, vkWDlhtu dks <+ddj cq>k;k tkrk gSA

fctyh dh vkx
,slk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd ftruh Hkh vkx yxrh gS mlesa vk/ks ls vf/kd
fctyh dh xMcM+h ds dkj.k yxrh gSA vr% bl ckr dh tkudkjh vo; gksuh
pkfg, fd fctyh ls vkx fdu&fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa o dkj.kksa ls yxrh gS rFkk mlls
dSls cpk tk ldrk gSA lkFk gh ;g Hkh tkuuk vko;d gS fd fctyh ds vko;d
midj.kksa esa yxh vkx dks dSls cq>k;k tk ldrk gSA pwafd fctyh dh vkx dk viuk
dksbZ xzqi ugha gksrk gS blfy, ;fn fctyh dk izokg ;fn tkjh gS rks bl ij lh
Js.kh ds vfukeu ;a= dk bLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj ;fn fctyh dk izokg
can dj fn;k x;k gS rks ns[ksa fd ;g vkx fdlh Js.kh fd gS mlds vuqlkj
lacaf/kr Js.kh ds vfXukeu ;a=ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

ppkZ djsa
fctyh ds 'kkVZ
lfdZV ls yxus
okyh vkx dks
cq>kus esa iz;ksx
gksus okys lk/ku

43-8 lkjkak
vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkx dh mRifk ds fy, ftu rhu rRoksa bZ/ku] vkWDlhtu
rFkk rki dh vko;drk iM+rh gS bu rRoksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks gVkdj vFkkZRk
dwfyax] Leksnfjax ,oa LVkosZku fof/k ls vkx dks fu;af=r ;k cq>k;k Hkh fd;k tk
ldrk gSA vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, vkx dk oxhZdj.k dj mlds fu;a=.k ds fl)kURk
dk izfriknu fd;k x;k gSA

43-9 izukoyh

xfrfof/k
Qk;j ds A, B, C,
rFkk D Js.kh ds
vUrxZr vkusokys
inkFkksZ dh lwph
rS;kj djsa
204

12345-

vkx dks fdrus Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gS vkSj dkSu dkSu \
fctyh ds vkx ds fy, vyx xzqi D;ksa ugha gksrk gS \
isVksy] bFkhfyu] ,y-ih-th- rFkk dEI;wVj bu lHkh dk xzqi fy[ksa rFkk buij
iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys vfXukeu ;a=ksa dk uke fy[ksa \
vkx dh mRifk ls D;k vfHkizk; gS LiV djsaA
,d pkVZ }kjk fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds vkx rFkk mlds vUrxZr vkus okys inkFkksZ
dks nkkZ;saA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

Module: 10: vkx ,oa lqj{kk

;wfuV 44- vkx ls cpko ,oa lko/kkfu;k

ikB lajpuk
42-1
44-2
44-3
44-4
44-5
44-6
44-7
44-8

ms;
ifjp;
vkx yxus ds dkj.k
vkx ls cpko ds fy, iwoZ fu;ksftr mik;
vkx ds izfr lqj{kkdehZ dk nkf;Ro ,oa lko/kkfu;k
,d vPNs Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ ds xq.k
lkjkak
izukoyh

44-1 ms;
bl ikB ds v/;;u ls vki tkusaxs&
i-

d[kx?kiiiiiiv-

vkx yxus ds dkj.k]

ykijokgh
vKkurk
izkfrd@vkdfLed nq?kZVuk
tkucq>dj foLQ+ksV ds }kjk
vkx ls cpko ds fy, iwoZ fu;ksftr mik;]
fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij yxus okys lEHkkfor vkx jlksbZ?kj ] tsusjsVj ] fctyh:e
ds izfr lko/kkfu;ksa rFkk
vkx cq>krs le; ,d lqj{kkdehZ dk nkf;RoA

44-2 ifjp;
vkx yxus ds dkj.k iwjs foo dks gj lky vjcksa dh lEifk dk uqdlku gksrk gSA
yk[kksa yksx cs?kj gks tkrs gSa] gtkjksa dh la[;k esa yksx mlds vkxksk esa lekfgr
gks tkrs gSaA vk, fnu vkidks lekpkj i=ksa esa] U;wt pSuyksa ,oa jsfM;ks vkfn ds
ek/;e ls irk pyrk gS fd vkx ds yxus ls djksMksa dh lEifk ty xbZ vkSj dbZ
yksx tydj ej x,A vkx ls uqdlku vkt u flQZ gekjs nsk ;k lekt dh leL;k

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

205

gS ;g rks vkt ds fnu esa iwjs foo ds fy, ,d Toyar leL;k cu dj [kMh gks x;h
gSA ,slh ckr ugha gS fd bl xaHkhj leL;k ds izfr yksx tkx#d ugha gS ;k yksxksa
dks tkx#d ugha cuk;k tk jgk gS cfYd ,sls dbZ dkj.k gSa ftudks vuns[kh djus
;k ykijokgh cjrus ls ,slh leL;k mRiUu gks tkrh gSA vxj blds izkjafHkd voLFkk
esa gh bl ij jksd yxkk;h tk, rks blds Hk;kudrk ls cpk tk ldrk gSA

44-3 vkx yxus ds dkj.k

ftl izdkj pspd] eysfj;k vkSj gStk vkfn egkekfj;ksa ls cpus ds fy, muds QSyus
ds dkj.kksa dks <qa< fudkyk x;k gS mlh izdkj vkx ds yxus ,oa muls cpus ds mik;
ds lkFk&lkFk mlds jksdFkke ds mik; Hkh [kkst fudkys x;s gSaA vkx ls lacaf/kr
nq?kZVukvksa ds vkadMksa ls Kkr gqvk gS fd vkx yxus ds fuEufyf[+kr eq[; pkj
dkj.k gSa&

ykijokgh
vKkurk
izkfrd@vkdfLed nq?kZVuk rFkk
tkucq>dj vFkkZRk foLQ+ksV bR;kfn ds }kjk
ykijokgh

mijksDr pkjksa dkj.kksa esa T;knkrj ns[kk x;k gS fd vkx yxus dk lcls izeq[k dkj.k
ykijokgh gS tSls& /kqeziku esa ykijokgh] fctyh ds iz;ksx esa ykijokgh] [kkuk
cukus ds e esa ykijokgh] [ksr&[kfygkuksa esa ykijokgh] dsfedy dkj[kkuksa esa
dsfedy ds iz;ksx esa ykijokghA blh izdkj ,sls dbZ mnkgj.k gSa ftlesa ykijokgh
ds pyrs vkx yxus dh ?kVuk gks tkrh gSA ykijokgh ds dkj.kksa esa vk/ks ls vf/kd
?kVuk,sa /kqeziku djrs le; ,oa jlksbZ?kj esa [kkuk cukrs gq, ?kfVr gksrh gSA tSls
tyrh gqbZ flxjsV] chM+h ds cps gq, fgLls dks ykijokgh ls b/kj&m/kj Qsad nsuk]
[kkuk cukrs oDr <hys diM+s iguuk] tyrh gqbZ LVkso dks NksM+ dj b/kj&m/kj
vkuk&tkuk djuk] iqjkus ,oa yhd djrs gq, xSl LVkso ;k fdjksflu LVkso dk iz;ksx
esa ykuk] [kkuk cukus ds ckn tyrh vaxhBh dks NksM+ nsuk ,sls dbZ lkjs dkj.k gSa
ftlesa ykijokgh ds pyrs vkx dh nq?kZVuk gks tkrh gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i tku
eky dh dkQh {kfr gksrh gSA

vKkurk
vKkurk ds dkj.k Hkh vkx dh nq?kZVuk gksus dh dkQh lEHkkouk,sa ns[kh x;h gSA uhps
dqN mnkgj.k fn;s tk jgs gSa ftuesa vKkurk ds dkj.k vkx yx tkrh gSA

ppkZ djsa
fdlh ?kj esa vkx
yxus ds fofHk
dkj.k

dHkh&dHkh yksx dqN dsfedy] tSls Q+kLQ+ksjl vkfn ds cksry dks ,sls LFkku
ij j[k nsrs gSa tgk og gok ds laidZ esa vkdj vkx dk dkj.k cu tkrk gSA

vDlj yksx ?kjksa esa [kkuk cukus ;k diM+s izsl djus ds nkSjku Lohp cksMZ esa
Iyx yxkrs oDr <hYkk ;k de ,Eih;j ds rkj ;k Iyx iz;ksx djrs gSa tks ml
ghVj ;k vk;ju ds yksM dks lgu ugha dj ikrk gS vkSj vkx yxus dk dkj.k
cu tkrk gWSA

izkfrd@vkdfLed nq?kZVuk
vkx dh ?kVuk fdlh izkfrd@vkdfLed dkj.k ds ?kfVr gksus ds dkj.k Hkh gks
206

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

tkrh gSA ,slh ?kVukvksa eas vkx

cgqr gh fcdjky :i /kkj.k djrh
gSA dqN mnkgj.k fuEufyf[+kr gSa&

vkius ns[kk gksxk fd lM+dksa

ij Vdksa ds }kjk ;k VSadjksa
ds ek/;e ls vfr Toyukhy
inkFkZ dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku ij ys tk;k tkrk gS]
dHkh&dHkh fjgk;lh bykdksa
esa fdlh dkj.k ok vxj ;s
VSadj myV tkrs gSa vkSj vkx
yx tkrh gS rks ;s dkQh
fodjky :i /kkj.k dj ysrh
gSA

cPpksa }kjk vlko/kkuhiwoZd

iVk[ks vkfn bLrseky djus
ij

izkfrd dkj.kksa ls Hkh vkx yx ldrh gSA tSls fctyh fxjus ls] Hkwdai
vFkkZRk tehu ds daiu ls bR;kfnA

tkucq>dj vFkkZr foLQ+ksV vkfn ds }kjk

vkx yxus ds egRoiw.kZ dkj.kksa esa ,d dkj.k gS foLQ+ksV }kjk tkucq>dj vkx
yxkukA tkucq>dj vkx yxkus dk dk;Z T;knkrj vkradoknh laxBuksa }kjk fd;k
tk jgk gSA vk, fnu fofHkUu vkradoknh laxBu fdlh xkM+h esa j[kdj ;k dqN ,slh
txg foLQ+ksVd inkFkZ yxk dj vkx yxkus dh dksfkk djrs gS ftlls fd uqdlku
T;knk ls T;knk gks ldsA ,sls foLQ+ksVd cgqr gh [+krjukd gksrs gSaA tc Hkh fdlh
foLQ+ksVd ;k ce ds }kjk vkx yxkbZ tkrh gS rks vkx ,dk,d Hk;kud gks mBrh
gS vkSj blls dkQh tkueky dk uqdlku gks tkrk gSA

44-4 vkx ls cpko ds fy, iwoZ fu;ksftr mik;

vc izu mBrk gS fd D;k mijksDr dkj.kksa ij ;fn ge iwoZ fu;ksftr <ax ls cpko
ds mik; djsa rks D;k vkx yxus dh lEHkkoukvksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk gS\
fcYdqy! ;fn ge ykijokgh] vKkurk] izkfrd@vkdfLed nq?kZVukvksa rFkk tkucq>dj
foLQ+ksVd }kjk vkx yxk;s tkus ij ,d lqfu;ksftr <ax ls dk;Z djsa rks vkx yxus
dh ?kVuk dks dkQh gn rd de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
LiV gS fd mijksDr vkx yxus ds dkj.kksa ij jksd yxkus ds fy, dqN egRoiw.kZ
ckrksa ij /;ku fn;k tk, rks fup; gh dqN gn rd vkx yxus dh ?kVuk dks jksdk
tk ldrk gS tks bl izdkj gSa&
i- [kkuk cukrs le; lnSo pqLr ,oa lwrh diM+s dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,] <+hyk ,oa
Vsjh&dkWVu ;k jskeh diM+k gksus ls vkx ds laidZ esa vkus dk [+krjk T;knk
gksrk gSA
ii- [kkuk cukus ds ckn pwYgs ds cph gqbZ ydM+h ;k vaxhBh dks cq>k nsuk pkfg,A

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ppkZ djsa
fdlh dEiuh ds
LVksj :e esa vkx
yxus ij dh tkus
okyh dk;Zokgh
207

iii- vius kjhj ds diM+s ls dHkh Hkh pwYgs ls u rks ckZu mrkjuk vkSj u gh p<+kuk
pkfg,A
iv- iqjkus ,oa fipds LVkso ;k xSl dk iz;ksx u djsa blls yhd gksdj vkx yxus
dk [+krjk T;knk gksrk gSA
v- pqYgs ls fudyusokys xeZ jk[k ;k dpjs dks ,slh txg u Qsaduk pkfg, tgk
vkx yxus dh laHkkouk izcy gksA
vi- bysDVhd vk;ju ;k ghVj dk iz;ksx djrs le; lgh ,Eih;j d Iyx ;k rkj
dk iz;ksx djds rFkk vk;ju djrs le; Lohp can djds gh b/kj&m/kj tkus
ls vkx yxus dk [+krjk de gks tk,xkA
vii- ySEi] dSafMy] vxjckh vkfn dks cPpksa ds igqp ls nwj j[kus pkfg,A
viii- iVk[ks NksM+rs le; cPpksa dks lkFk esa j[kuk pkfg, rFkk izkfrd@vkdfLed
vkx yxus ls cpus ds fy, lkFk es ikuh ls Hkjh ckYVh Hkh j[kuh pkfg,A
ix- dpjs ds vkl&ikl /kqeziku ugha djuh pkfg,A
x- dpjs dks jlksbZ?kj ds lehi u j[kukA
xi- ekhuksa esa lgh le; ij ,oa lgh yqfczdsaV dk iz;ksx ugha djus ls vkx yxus
dh ?kVuk izcy gks tkrh gSA
xii- Toyukhy dsfedy ds fMCcs dks lnSo vPNh rjg ls iSd djds lqjf{kr txg
ij j[kuk pkfg,A
xiii- dsfedy baMLVht esa xkM+h ds ifjlj ds vanj vkus ls igys mlds /kq, ds uyh
ds mij LikdZ vjsLVj yxk dj vanj vkus nsuk pkfg,A
xiv- flXkjsV ihus ds ckn mlds cps fgLls dks cq>kdj ikuh ls Hkjs LVs vkfn esa
Mkyuk pkfg,A
xv- [kyhgkuksa ds vklikl dpjs ds <sj dks ugha yxkuk pkfg,A dHkh&dHkh xkoksa
esa yksx dpjs ds <+sj ij pwYgs ds cph gqbZ tyrh jk[k dks Qsad nsrs gSa ftlls
vkx yxus dh ?kVuk c<+ tkrh gSA
xvi- [kkuk cukus ds ckn geskk jsX;wysVj ls gh cUn djsaA
xvii- dHkh Hkh dhpu :e esa fctyh ds cksMZ u yxk;saA mls dhpu ds ckgj gh yxkuk
pkfg, vkSj dhpu dk njoktk [kksyus ls igys Lohp vkWu dj ysuk pkfg,A
xviii- vxj jlksbZ esa xSl yhd gks jgh gks rks vklikl dh dksbZ Lohp vkWu ;k vkWQ
u djsa vFkkZRk u cYo tyk;sa] u ia[kk pyk;sa vkSj u gh cq>k;sa ;k can djsaA
vanj vkdj loZizFke f[kM+dh ,oa njokts iqjh rjg [kksy nsa fQj xSl fydst
dks irk yxkuk pkfg,A

44-5 vkx ds izfr lqj{kkdehZ ds nkf;Ro ,o lko/kkfu;k

vkx ls cpko ds fy, u flQZ lqj{kkdehZ cfYd gj O;fDr dk mRrjnkf;Ro gksrk gS
tgk ij og jg jgk gS ;k dk;Z dj jgk gS ml laLFkku dks cpkuk vkSj iw.kZ :i ls
lqjf{kr j[kuk mldk izeq[k drZO; gksrk gSA vki tgk dgha Hkh M~;wVh djsa viuh
M~;wVh ds nkSjku ;g dksfkk djsa fd LOk;a ls ,oa ogk dk;Zjr ogk ds deZpkfj;ksa ls
,slh dksbZ xyrh ugha gks ftldh otg ls ml laLFkku esa vkx yx tk,A
ge lcdk nkf;Ro curk gS fd viuh O;oLFkk esa bl gn rd lq/kkj djds j[kk tk,
208

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

fd vkx yxs gh ughaA ;fn dgha csfYMax gks jgk gS rks mlds vki&ikl dksbZ Hkh ,slh
oLrq iM+h u jgus ns tks osfYMax ekhu ls fudyus okyh fpuxkjh ds laidZ esa vkdj
vkx dk :i /kkj.k dj ldsA ;fn dksbZ O;fDr vkids lkeus chM+h ;k flxjsV ihdj
cps gq, fgLls dks tyrs gq, Qsad nsrk gS rks mls ,slk djus ls euk djsa rFkk ml
tyrs gq, fgLlsa dks Q+kSju cq>k nsaA
bu lkjh O;OLFkkvksa ds ckotwn Hkh vxj dHkh vkx yx gh tkrh gS rks ,d lqj{kkdehZ
gksus ds ukrs vkidk nkf;Ro curk gS fd ml vkx dks rRdky cq>k nsaA vxj vkx
cM+h utj vkrh gS rks vkx&vkx fpYykuk ;k folhy ctkuk pkfg, blls ml
laLFkku esa tgk vki dk;Z dj jgs gSa] ds dEkZpkjhx.k vkidh enn dj vkx ij dkcw
ikus esa lgk;rk djsaxsA vxj vki igys ls fdlh egRoiw.kZ LFkku ij lqj{kk iznku
dj jgs gksa rks vkx yxus ds ckotwn Hkh ml LFkku dks [kkyh ugha NksM+sa] tc rd
fd mPp vf/kdkjh dk vknsk u izkIRk gks tk,A
vki ;g tkudkjh t:j izkIr djsaxs fd vkx dgk yxh gS fdl oLrq esa yxh gS]
fdruh cM+h gS ,oa fdl iksftku esa gSA vki lqj{kkdehZ gSa blfy, vkikrdkyhu
le; esa dke vkus ds fy, iqfyl LVsku] Q+k;j fcxzsM] ,Ecqysal lsok dk Q+ksu uEcj
;kn j[ksaxs Q+k;j fczxsM&101] iqfyl LVsku&100 ,oa ,Ecqysal lsok&102A t:jr
iM+us ij vius mPp vf/kdkjh ds vknskkuqlkj bUgsa lwfpr djsaxs ,oa lg;ksx ysdj
ml laLFkku ,oa izfrBku esa gksus okyh {kfr dks de djsaxsA ,d lqj{kkdehZ dh
gSfl;r ls dEiuh dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, vkidks vfXukeu dk izfk{k.k fn;k
x;k gS blfy, vki fdlh Hkh rjg dh vkx dks cq>kus esa viuh lqj{kk djrs gq,
dEiuh dks lqj{kk djus esa l{ke gksaxsA

40-7 ,d vPNs Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ ds xq.k &

123456-

Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dks LOkLF;] fujksx ,oa QqrhZyk gksuk pkfg,A

mlesa lkgl] /kS;Z ,oa lgukhyrk gksuk pkfg,A
Q+k;j EkSu dqky cqf)okyk gksuk pkfg,A
losZ{k.k djds tYn ls tYn fu.kZ; ysus okyk gksuk pkfg,A
Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ LoHkko ls e`nqHkkkh] uez vkSj n;kyw gksuk pkfg,A
vius mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ds vknsk dk ikyu fcuk izu fd;s ekuus okyk gksuk
pkfg,A
7- thou L=ksrksa dks izFke LFkku nsus okyk vkSj lEifk dks ckn esa LFkku nsus
okyk gksuk pkfg,A
8- lektlsoh ,oa ijksidkj dh Hkkouk okyk gksuk pkfg,A
9- Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dks vius {ks= dh iqjh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,
10- uxj&eqgYys rFkk mlesa clus okyh vkcknh o lqfo/kk tud ekxksZ dh
tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A
11- QSDVh] fey] ekyxksnke] isVksyiEi ,oa foLQ+ksVd inkFkZ tgk budk LVksj
gksrk gS ,oa mlesa gksus okyh nq?kZVuk gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh gS] ds ckjs esa irk
gksuk pkfg,A
12- uxj esa Q+k;j gkbZMs.M] LVsfVd VSad] unh] rkykc] >hy vkfn ds ckjs esa irk
gksuk pkfg,A

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

209

44-7 lkjkak
fudkZr% ge dg ldrs gS fd T;knkrj vkx dh nq?kZVuk,sa yksxksa ds ykijokgh]
vKkurk vkSj izkfrd@vkdfLed ?kfVr fdlh ?kVuk ds dkj.k gksrh gSA ;fn euq;
bu lHkh dkj.kksa ds izfr ltx jgs rks vkx dh ?kVukvksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk gS]
LkkFk gh izR;sd lqj{kkdehZ dk nkf;Ro curk gS fd vius M~;wVh ds nkSjku og bu
reke xfrfof/k;ksa ij /;ku ns rks vfXu ds nq?kZVukvksa esa deh yk;h tk ldrh gSA

44-8 izukoyh
12345-

210

vkx dh nq?kZVuk fdu&fdu dkj.kksa ls gksrh gS \

,d lqj{kkdehZ dks vkx ls cpko ds fy, D;k&D;k mik; djuk pkfg, \
vkikrdkyhu uEcj dkSu&dkSu ls gksrs gSa tgk vkx yxus ds nq?kZVuk dh
lwpuk nh tkrh gS \
vkx ls cpko ds fy, ikap iwoZ fu;ksftr mik; fy[ksaA
,d vPNs Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ ds fdUgha ikp xq.kksa dk mYys[k djsaA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

Module: 10: vkx ,oa lqj{kk

;wfuV 45- vkx yxus dk dkj.k ,oa fujkdj.k

ikB lajpuk
45-1
45-2
45-3

45-4
45-5
45-6
45-7
45-8

ms;
ifjp;
dkj[kkuksa esa vkx yxus ds dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k

gkml fdfiax

/kqeziku

csYMhax] xSl dfVax rFkk fgfVax vkWijsku

fo|qrh; [+krjs

Lor% vkx yxuk

[kkyh dUVsuj

mke lajpuk

flfoy dk;Z

iqjkus nLrkostksa dks uV djuk

/kkrqvksa dks xeZ djuk
>kfM+;ksa esa vkx yxus ds dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k
vkoklh; ifjlj ,oa NksVs dk;kZy;ksa esa yxus okyh vkx ds dkj.k
,oa mudk fujkdj.k
aps bekjrksa esa vkx yxus ds dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k
lkjkak
izukoyh

45-1 ms;
bl ikB ds v/;;u ls vki tkusaxs &


dkj[kkuksa esa vkx yxus ds dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k

>kM+h;ksa esa vkx yxus dk dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k rFkk

vkoklh; ifjlj] NksVs dk;kZy;ksa ,oa aps bekjrks esa yxus okyh vkx ds
dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

211

45-2 ifjp;
vkt dh bl Hkkx NksM+ dh ftUnxh esa yksx vlko/kkuh ls dbZ ,slh xyfr;k dj
cSBrs gSa ftlds otg ls vkx yxdj tu ,oa /ku dh gkuh gks tk;k djrh gS] vxj
FkksM+h lrdZrk ds lkFk vkx yxus okys dkj.kksa ds izfr tkx#d jgsa rks fup; gh
dkQh gn rd vkxtuh dh nq%[kn ?kVukvksa ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
vkt ds ikB esa vki vkx yxus ds fofHk dkj.kksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxs tks
fHk&fHk LFkkuksa ij fHk&fHk dkj.kksa ls yxrh gSA fiNys ikB esa Hkh vkius vkx
yxus ds dqN dkj.kksa ds ckjs esa i<+k Fkk ftlesa ykijokgh] ukle>h] vkdfLed
nq?kZVuk ,oa tkucq>dj foLQ+ksV }kjk vkx yxk;s tkus dh ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjh nh
x;h Fkh ijUrq bl ikB esa vki dqN [kkl LFkkuksa tSls dy&dkj[kkuksa] >kfM+;ksa]
vkoklh; ifjljksa] NksVs&NksVs dk;kZy;ksa rFkk aps&cgqeathysa bekjrksa esa yxus okys
vkx ds dkj.kksa ,oa mlds fujkdj.k ds ckjs esa foLRkkj ls tkusaxsA izk;% ,slk ns[kk
x;k gS fd bu reke txgksa ij dbZ ,sls lkekU; dkj.k gksrs gSa ftuds dkj.k vkx
dh nq?kZVuk gksus ds [+krjs c<+ tkrs gSaA bl fok; esa vc foLrkj ls tkusaxs&

45-3 dkj[kkuksa easa vkx yxus ds dkj.k %&

cgqr ls dkj[kkuksa esa dqN ,sls LFkku gksrs gS tgk fd vkx ls lacaf/kr dk;Z gksrs jgrs
gSa rFkk dqN ,slh txgsa gksrh gSa tgk ges'kk vkx tyrh jgrh gS tSls vkx dh
HkV~VhA ogha ij dqN ,slh ?kVuk ?kfVr gks tkrh gS ftlls vkx yxus dh ?kVuk gks
tkrh gSA

gklfdfia x
fdlh Hkh dkj[kkus esa gkml fdfiax ;kfu vPNk j[k&j[kko ughaa gksus ij og vkx
yxus dk cgqr cM+k L=ksr ekuk tkrk gSA dke djus ds LFkku tSls&izkslsflax ,fj;k]
LSi ;kMZ ,fj;k] yksj ,fj;k vkfn LFkkuksa esa jn~nh dkxtkr] ydM+h dk cqjknk]
[kjkc iSfdax&lkeku] b/kj&m/kj rsy QSyk gqvk bR;kfn gksus ls Hkh dkj[kkus esa vkx
dk [+krjk cuk jgrk gSA vkx ls cpko ds fy, bu lHkh O;oLFkk dks lgh rjhds ls
j[ksa rFkk fufpr LFkku j[kus okys LFkkuksa ij gh lkekuksa dks j[kus ls vkx ds [+krjksa
ls cpk tk ldrk gSA

/kq e z i ku

xfrfof/k
vkx ls cpko esa
gklfdfiax dk
egRo

u;s 'kCn

ukle>h ds rjhds ls /kzqeiku djus ls vkx yxus dk [+krjk lcls vf/kd cuk jgrk
gSA blls flQZ dkj[kkus esa gh ughaa cfYd ?kjsyw {ks=ksa esa Hkh vkx yxus dh laHkkouk
vf/kd ls vf/kd cuh jgrh gSA bruk gh ughaa dqN deZpkjh flxjsV tykus ds ckn
ekfpl dh rhyh dks rFkk flxjsV ihus ds ckn mlds tys gq, fgLls dks b/kj&m/kj
Qsad nsrs gSa ftlls vkx yxus dh ?kVuk dkQh c<+ tkrh gSA ij crk;s gq,
ykijokgh ij fu;a=.k djus ls vo; gh dqN gn rd vkx ij fu;a=.k fd;k tk
ldsxkA

csYMhax] xSldfVax rFkk fgfVax vkWijsku

gkl fdfiax &

j[kj[kko

dkj[kkus esa csYMhax] xSldfVax rFkk fgfVax vkWijsku dk dke pyrs jgrk gS] blls
dHkh&dHkh fudyh gqbZ fpuxkjh Toyukhy oLrq ds lkFk lEidZ esa vkus ls vkx yx
tkrh gS ;kfu Toyukhy oLrq dks fpaUkxkjh ds lehi u j[kk tk,A
212

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

fo|qrh; [+krjs
xyr bUlqysku] vf/kd xeZ gksuk] vksoj yksfMax] kkWV lfdZV rFkk LVsfVd bysDVhlhVh
dqN ,sls dkj.k gSa tks vfXu nq?kZVuk mRiUu gksus esa lg;ksxh gksrs gSaA fo|qrh;
midj.k] tSls Lohp cksMZ] LVkVZj] fo|qr iSuy] lfdZV czsdj vkfn dk le;&le; ij
tkudkj O;fDr ds }kjk] ;g tkuus ds fy, fd lgh bUlqysku rFkk vfFkZax gS fd
ughaa] fujh{k.k djk;k tk, ftlls fo|qrh; [+krjk de gks ldrk gS] fujh{k.k ds
lkFk&lkFk fo|qrh; O;oLFkk dks Hkh Bhd j[kus ls vkx ds [+krjs ls cpk tk ldrk
gSA

Lor% vkx yxuk

Lor% ngu dk gksuk ,d ?kVuk gS ftlesa Toyukhy inkFkZ fcuk fdlh fpuxkjh ds
Lor% tyrk gSA ;g T;knkrj xehZ ds fnuksa esa rFkk dsfedy bUMLVht esa gksrk gSA
tc Toyukhy inkFkZ jlk;fud izfrf;k ds }kjk xehZ mRiUu djrs gSa rks
vlk/kkj.k xehZ ds dkj.k ;g Lor% ngu dk :Ik /kkj.k dj ysrh gSA ,sls LFkkuksa ij
izfkf{kr lqj{kkdehZ dh M~;wVh yxkuk] ikuh ds L=ksr dh O;oLFkk j[kuk rFkk
vfXukked ;a=ksa dk gksuk] vkx ds [+krjs ls cpkrk gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy, &
o
gok ds laidZ esa vkus ij Q+kLQ+ksjl rFkk cksjuA
o
Dyksfju vkSj VisZfUVu dk ;ksxA
o
iksVkfk;e rFkk lksfM;e ds ikuh ds laidZ eas vkus ijA
o
lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dk lh/ks Toyukhy inkFkksZ ij iM+uk tSls [kjkc :bZA
dksyrkj rFkk bZ[k ds cqjkns dk dk;Z {ks= esa jgukA
o

[kkyh dUVsuj
,sls dUVsuj tks Me ]cSjsy] dSu bR;kfn dh rjg gS tks vR;ar [+krjukd gks tkrs gaS]
tc os Toyukhy jlk;u ;k rjy inkFkksZ dks [kkyh djus ds ckn j[ks tkrs gSaA
Toyukhy rjy inkFkZ ;k dsfedy ds tks voksk [kkyh dUVsuj esa gksrs gS tc os
tyrs gSa rc vR;ar rsth ls fodflr gksrs gSa rFkk ,sls esa Hk;adj foLQ+ksV dk :Ik
/kkj.k dj ysrs gSaA bl rjg ds lHkh [kkyh dUVsuj dks fdlh Hkh izdkj ls rki ;k
ngu ls vyx j[kk tk,sA

mke lajpuk
dqN QSDVh;ksa esa le;&le; ij csfYMax] xSldfVax] lksfYMax rFkk fpfiax ds dk;Z
gksrs jgrs gSaA blds fy, ;kstukc) fz;kUo;u dh vko;drk gksrh gS ogk vkx dh
?kVuk jksdus ds fy, lHkh csdkj Toyukhy LoHkko ds inkFkZ QkZ ds lrg rd lkQ
fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk Toyukhy inkFkZ dks vkl&ikl ls gVk nsuk pkfg,A

flfoy dk;Z
dahV ds QkZ dks lery djus] nhokj esa dhy yxkus rFkk tehu ds iRFkj dks
ekhu ;k gFkkSM+s ds }kjk cjkcj djus ds dkj.k tks fpuxkfj;k fudyrh gS og
Toyukhy Rkoksa esa vkx yxkus ds fy, dkQh gSA vr% tc QkZ vkfn dh ejEer
djus dh vko;drk iM+rh gS rks LikdZ@fpaxkjh dks jksdus ds fy, QkZ ij ikuh
Mky nsuk pkfg,A

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ppkZ djsa
vksojyksfMax vkx
yxus dk dkj.k gks
ldrk gS
213

iqjkus nLrkostksa dks uV djuk

lkekU;r;k iqjkus nLrkostksa rFkk oxhZr cgh [kkrksa dks uV djus esa jlk;fud
inkFkZ ;k vkx bLrseky djrs gSaA nLrkostksa dks tykus gsrw [kkyh LFkku dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA tyrs le; gok dh fnkk ij utj j[kuk ,oa vkx ls cpko okys
lk/ku dks ikl esa j[kuk pkfg,A nLrkostksa dks geskk lqcg ;k kke ds le; gh
tykuk pkfg, rFkk xM~<+s ds vUnj Mky nsuk pkfg,A

/kkrqvksa dks xeZ djuk

dHkh&dHkh /kkrqvksa dks vkWDlh&,lhfVyhu xSl }kjk izgkj fd;k tkrk gS bl izdkj
ds dk;Z dks djus ds igys vklikl ds {ks= ds lHkh Toyukhy inkFkksZa dks lkQ ;k
gVk nsuk pkfg,A

dkj[kkuksa esa xSl ds dkj.k yxus okyh vkx&

i.

xSl&dkj[kkuksa esa kqf)dj.k ds LFkku I;ksjhQ+kbZax IykaV esa vkx yxus ds

[+krjs T;knk gksrs gSaA tc xSl ,oa gok Hkjh gksrh gS] bl rjg ds [+krjksa ls
cpus ds fy, fdlh vf; xSl tSls CO2 ls lkQ fd;k tkrk gSA

ii.

dqN xSl tks dkj[kkuksa esa iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA dqN vf/kd Toyukhy gksrh
gS ftldk rkie lkekU;r% 7000C ds yxHkx gksrk gSA dqN xSlsa ftudk
rkie 5000C ls de gksrk gS mudks tyk;k tk ldrk gSA ,flfVyhu dk
Toyu rkie 3850C gSA C;wVsu dk 4280C rFkk izksisu dk 4600C gksrk
gSA

45-4 >kfM+;ksa esa vkx yxus ds dkj.k ,oa mldk fujkdj.k&

>kM+h dh vkx Hkh ,d vyx rjg dh vkx gksrh gS ftlds ckjs esa tkudkjh vko;d
gSA dqN Lej.kh; ckrs fuEufyf[+kr gS A
i.

>kM+h dh vkx foLr`r {ks= esa gks ldrh gS ;gka rd fd dbZ oxZehy Hkh ys
ldrh gSA

ii.

blesa fdlh tho&tUrq ds ejus dh vkkadk de gksrh gSA D;ksafd vkx yxrs gh
>kfM;ksa ds tkuoj Hkkx [kM+s gksrs gSaA

iii.

lM+dksa dh [kjkc gkyr vkSj ikuh dh leL;k]

iv.

isM+ksa ds lw[kh Mkyksa ds chp ?kkZ.k]

v.

;kf=;ksa }kjk

vi.

tyrs gq, chM+h flxjsV] ekfpl vkfn ds VqdM+s dks vlko/kkuhiwoZd Qsaddj
py nsuk]

fidfud eukus ds nkSjku tyrh vkx dks NksM+dj py nsuk]

vii. ps isM+ksa ij fctyh fxjus ls]

ppkZ djsa
CO2dk iz;ksx
vkx cq>kus esa
214

viii. jsyos batu vFkok jksM ij pyus okys okguksa ls fudyus okyh fpuxkjh ls] VwVs
khks ds VqdM+s ls] Q+ksdl ykbZV }kjkA
Tkaxy dh vkx cq>kus ds rjhds %& >kM+h dh vkx cq>kus ds e esa ou foHkkx ds
deZpkfj;ksa ls rkyesy cuk;s j[kuk pkfg, muds }kjk gok dh xfr] fnkk] izkfrd

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

vfXu vojks/k vkfn dh tkudkjh yh tk ldrh gSA vkx dh fnkk esa cnyko dks
geskk fnekx esa j[kuk pkfg, vkSj vkze.k dh fnkk mlh ds vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A
>kM+h dh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, ,d vkSj lcls izeq[k rjhdk gS] ft/kj ls vkx yxh
gks mlls dqN nwjh ij ds dqN isM+ksa dks dkVdj vyx dj fn;k tk, ftlls vkx
fcuk isM+ okys LFkku ;kfu [kkyh LFkku ij igqpus ds ckn tyus dh lkexzh u ikdj
vkx Lor% cq> tk,xhA bl rjg ds vkx dks cq>krs le; fuEufyf[+kr ckrksa ij
/;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
o

gok ds :[k ij geskk utj j[ksa vkSj mlh ds vuq:i vkx ij vke.k dh
fnkk r; djsaA

Q+k;j czsd cukdj vkx ij dkcw djus dh dksfkk djsaA

bl rjg dh vkx ij Q+k;j chVj dk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZRk vkx

dks ihV&ihV dj cq>k;k tk ldrk gSA

dkmUVj&Q+k;j djds Hkh bl rjg dh vkx cq>k;h tkrh gSaA

45-5 vkoklh; ifjlj] NksVs dk;kZy;ksa esa yxus okys vkx ds dkj.k ,oa
mudk fujkdj.k&
bu lHkh txgksa ij tks vfXu nq?kZVuk;sa gksrh gSa muesa T;knkrj ?kVuk,sa yksxksa }kjk
dh tkus okyh tkucq>dj xyfr;ksa ds dkj.k gksrh gSA
L.P.G. xSl] tks C;wVsu (C2H10) rFkk izksisu(C3H8) dk feJ.k gSA bls flfy.Mj esa
rjy :i esa Hkjk tkrk gSA bldk mi;ksx lkekU;r% ?kjsyq mi;ksx esa [kkuk vkfn
idkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA blds mi;ksx o j[k&j[kko esa vlko/kkuh ds dkj.k
dkQh nq?kZVuk,sa gksrh gSaA blds fydst ij geskk /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg,A
lkekU;r% ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd jlksbzZ esa [kkuk cukus ds ckn xSl ds ukso dks rks
can dj fn;k tkrk gS ij flfy.Mj dk jsX;wysVj can ughaa fd;k tkrk gS ftlls xSl
ikbZi esa Hkjh jgrh gS vxj xSl pqYgs ;k ikbZi esa fdlh izdkj yhdst+ gks tk,s rks
nq?kZVuk gks ldrh gSA dHkh&dHkh efgyk;sa xSl ds pwYgs ij nw/k oxSjg j[kdj
b/kj&m/kj nwljs dk;ksZ esa yx tkrh gSa vkSj nw/k mcydj fxjus yxrk gS ftlls xSl
dk tyuk rks cq> tkrk gS ysfdu flfy.Mj ls xSl dk fudyuk tkjh jgrk gS tks
dqN {k.k esa iqjs ?kj esa QSy tkrk gS vkSj tSls gh dksbZ dejs dh Lohp vkWu djrk
gS ;k xSl dks iqu% tykus dh dksfkk djrk gS ;k dgha kkWVZ lfdZV gks tkrk gS rks
ml dejs esa QSys xSl ds dkj.k ,dk,d vkx yx tkrh gS vkSj dqN gh {k.k esa iqjs
dejs esa QSy tkrh gSA bldh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, dkcZu&MkW;vkWDlkbZM ;k
MkbZ&ikmMj vfXukeu ;a= dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dqN vkWfQlksa ds deZpkjh flxjsV ih dj cps gq, fgLls dks tyrs gh MLVchu esa Mky
nsrs gS vkSj vkWfQl cUn gksus ds ckn ?kj pys tkrs gSaA flxjsV dk cpk fgLlk
MLVchu esa iM+s jn~nh dkxt ds laidZ esa vkus ij ty mBrk gS vkSj vkx dk :i
/kkj.k dj ysrk gSA
dHkh&dHkh vkWfQlksa esa yksx vkWfQl dk dk;Z djus ds ckn kke dks okil ?kj tkrs
oDr dEI;wVj dks [kqys gh NksM+ tkrs gSa tks dHkh&dHkh vksoj oksYVst ds dkj.k vkx
yx tkrh gSA ,sls dbZ dkj.k gksrs gSa ftlds pyrs vkx yxus dh lEHkkouk izcy
gksrh gS ;fn vkoklh; ifjljksa ;k NksVs dk;kZy;ksa esa vkx ds fujkdj.k ds fy,

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

xfrfof/k
?kjsyw vkx yxus ds
dkj.kksa dh lwph
rS;kj djs
215

xfrfof/k
vkx ls cpko esa
lgk;d midj.kksa
dh lwph cukdj
viuh uksVcqd esa
fy[ksa

txg&txg Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj Vaxs gks ;k vkx cq>kus ds flLVe yxsa gks rks
vfXu&leL;k dk lek/kku dkQh gn rd fd;k tk ldrk gSA

45-6 ps bekjrksa esa yxus okys vkx dk dkj.k

ps bekjrksa esa yxus okyh vkx dkQh Hk;adj ,oa [+krjukd gksrh gS ,sls esa dkQh
uqdlku gksrk gSA ,slh bekjrksa esa yxus okys vkx ds dkj.kksa esa T;knkrj ogh dkj.k
gksrs gSa tks fd vkoklh; ifjlj ;k NksVs dk;kZy;ksa esa yxus okys vkx ds gksrs gSaA
,sls esa ph bekjrksa esa yxh vkx dks cq>kuk cM+k gh eqfdy gksrk gSA ,sls vkx
cq>kus ds fy, T;knkrj Q+k;j fczxsM dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA

45-7 lkjkak
mijksDr ckrksa ls LiV gksrk gS fd fdlh Hkh m|ksx ;k izfrBkuksa esa vkx yxus ds
eq[;r% rhu L=ksr ekus x;s gSa
1- ikoj fctyh
2- eSu ikoj deZpkjh x.k ,oa
3- jkW eSVsfj;ydPpk eky
bu rhuksa dks lqjf{kr djus ls vkx ds foukkdkjh izdksi ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd dqN LFkkuksa dks ;fn NksM+ fn;k tk, rks vkx yxus ds
tks izeq[k dkj.k gS mlesa T;knkrj balkuksa }kjk dh tkus okyh ykijokgh
ukle>h izeq[k gSA ;fn bu ykijokfg;ksa ,oa ukle>h ij /;ku fn;k tk, rks
yxus ds ?kVukvksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vr%
fy,
vkSj
vkx

45-8 izukoyh &

216

1-

>kM+h;ksa esa vkx yxus ds izeq[k dkj.k D;k&D;k gSa\

2-

vxj fdlh dejs esa ,y0ih0th0 xSl Hkj x;h gS rks ml fLFkfr esa vkx u yxs
blds fy, D;k&D;k lko/kkfu;k cjruh pkfg,\

3-

vkoklh; ifjlj esa vkx yxus ds izeq[k dkj.k D;k&D;k gksrs gSa\

4-

D;k vkdfLed nq?kZVuk Hkh fdlh QSDVh esa vkx yxus dk dkj.k gks ldrh gS\

5-

vkx yxus esa izeq[k :i ls dkSu ftEesnkj gksrk gS\

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

Module: 10: vkx ,oa lqj{kk

;wfuV 46- Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;w'kj

ikB lajpuk
46-1
46-2
46-3
46-4
46-5
46-6
46-7
46-8
46-9
46-10
46-11

ms;
ifjp;
vkx cq>kus ds dke vkus okys fofHk lk/ku
iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj ds izdkj
iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa esa mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys jlk;fud
RkRo
iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dk fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds vkxksa ij
iz;ksx
vkx cq>kus ds nkSjku cjrh tkus okyh lko/kkfu;k
iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds iz;ksx djus dh fof/k ,oa
lko/kkfu;k
iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds tkp ds rjhds dkSu dkSu ls gS\
lkjkak
izukoyh

46-1 ms;
bl ikB ds v/;;u ls vki tkusaxs ,oa fl[ksaxs &

Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj rFkk muds izdkj]

iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds mi;ksx esa vkus okys jlk;fud RkRo]

iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dh igpku]

iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dh iz;ksxfof/k vkSj

Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds tkp ds rjhdsA

46-2 ifjp;
NksVs vkWfQlksa] dk;kZy;ksa] flusek gkWy] QSDVh;ksa] cM+s bekjrksa ls ysdj jsyos LVsku]
xSl VSad ys tkus okyh xkfM;ksa] gokbZ vM~Mksa bR;kfn txgksa ij vkius yky jax ds
NksVs&NksVs flfyaMjksa dks Vaxs gq, ns[kk gksxk] vkids eu esa ;s fopkj vo; vk;k
gksxk fd vkf[kj ;s D;k gS] mls ml LFkku ij D;ksa j[kk x;k gSA ;g midj.k vkSj

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

217

dqN ughaa vkx cq>kus okys NksVs midj.k ;kfu iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,fDLVhaX;wkj gksrs gSaA
,sls midj.k lkekU;r% oSls LFkkuksa ij yVdrs gq, feysxs tgk fd vkx yxus dh
laHHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA ;s midj.k fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds gksrs gSaA tks ml LFkku ij
gksusokys lEHkkfor vkx ds Jsf.k;ksa ds fglkc ls gksrs gSaA

46-3

vkx cq>kus ds dke vkus okys fofHk lk/ku&

vkx cq>kus ds fy, mlds rhu rRoksa esa

ls fdlh ,d rRo dks [+kre djuk
vko;d gksrk gSA bu rRoksa dks [+kRe
djus vFkkZr vkx cq>kus ds fy, fofHkUu
izdkj ds ;a=ksa dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk
gS] vc vki dqN vkx cq>kus ds fy,
mi;ks x es a yk;s tkus okys Q+ k ;j
,DLVhaX;wkj ds ckjsa esa tkusaxs

Q+k;j cdsV
;g yky jax dk
gS.My yxs gksrs gSa
vkdkj dk gksrk gS
yxus ij Leksnfjax

gksrk gS blesa nks

bldk isank vaMs ds
fp= ls LiV gks jgk gS fd blesa ckyw Hkjh jgrh gS ftls vkx
esFkM ls vkx cq>k;k tkrk gSA

Q+k;j fcVj
;g 9* yEck 6 eh-eh- dh eksVkbZ rFkk 1 QhV pkSdksj dSuokl dk cuk gksrk gS ,oa
lwi dh vkfr dk gksrk gS bl ij ,LcslVl dk ?kksy p<+k fn;k tkrk gS tks vkx
esa tyrh ugha gS blds }kjk vkx dks ihV&ihVdj cq>k;k tkrk gSA bls LVkosZku
fof/k dgrs gSaA

gkWtjhy gkSt
;g vDlj cM+s&cM+s bekjrksa esa yxk;k tkrk gSA blds }kjk vkx ij ikuh Mkyk
tkrk gSA bldh yEckbZ 180* rd gksrh gSA bl iEi dh ikbZi] ftldh eksVkbZ
36**&40** gksrh gS] ;g esu ykbZu ls tqM+h gksrh gSA bls ,d vkneh ds }kjk pyk;k
tk ldrk gSA bldks pykus ls igys D.V (Dry Valve) dks can dj fn;k tkrk gSA
mlds ckn gkWtjhy gkSt dks [kksydj vkxs c<k;k tkrk gS fQj vkxs ls 6* dh nwjh
ij uksty dks idM+ dj j[kk tkrk gS bl uksty dh eksVkbZ 5 eheh gksrh gS bls
Shut off uksty dgrs gSa] gkStjhy gkSt dh eksVkbZ 20 eheh gksrh gSA fQj M .V.
(Main Valve) dks [kksyk tkrk gSA vkSj vkx [+kre gksus ij esu okWYo dks can dj
fn;k tkrk gS vkSj MkbZ okYo dks [kksy fn;k tkrk gS fQj mls yisV fn;k tkrk gSA
MkbZ okYo dks de ls de 24 ?kaVs [kqyk j[+krs gSa ftlls ikbZi dk iqjk ikuh ckgj
vk tk,A fp= ls blesa dqfyax esFkM dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj

iksVsZcqy Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;wkj ftls QLVZ ,.M Q+k;j Q+kbZfVax midj.k dgrs gSA ;g
NksVh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, vfr mi;ksxh gksrk gSA ;s midj.k otu esa gYds gksus
ds dkj.k ljyrk ,oa kh?kzrk ls ,d txg ls nwljs txg ys tk,s tk ldrs gaSa vkSj
iz;ksx fd, tk ldrs gSaA vyx&vyx Jsf.k;ksa dh vkxksa ij vyx&vyx izdkj ds
,DlfVaX;wkj iz;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSaA budk fuekZ.k vkx cq>kus ds fl)kar dqfyax
218

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

,oa Leksnjhax esFkM ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA ;s izk;ksfxd :i

ls vR;ar izpfyr gS vr% buds ckjsa esa vki foLr`r tkudkjh
bl ikB esa izkIr djsaxsA

42-4 iksVsZcqy Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj ds izdkj %&

iksVsZcqy Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj ikap izdkj ds gksrs gSa&
u0&1- okVj xSl dkfVZt Vkbi Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj%& ftls
lkekU;r% okVj xSl izskj Vkbi ;k cksy pky dh Hkkkk
eas okVj CO2 dgrs gSaA tks fd , xzqi ds vkx dks
cq>kus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bldh {kerk 9
yh- ls 150 yh- esa ik;k tkrk gSA
u0&2 esdsfudy Q+kse Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj& ;g ch xzqi ds
vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa
mi;ksx fd;k tkus okyk Q+kse nks jlk;fud izfrf;k
ds feyus ls curk gSA
u0&3- MkbZ dsfedy ikmMj Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj & bls cksypky
dh Hkkkk esa DCP Fire Extinguisher dgk tkrk gSaA
;g ch-] lh-] Mh- ,oa bysDVhdy Q+k;j xzqi ds vkx dks
cq>kus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g 1 ls ysdj
150 ds-th- rd ik;k tkrk gSA
u0&4- ,- ch- lh- MkbZ ikmMj& ;g ,- ch- lh- rFkk bysDVhdy
Q+k;j xzqi ds vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
u0&5- dkcZu MkW;vkWDlkbZM (CO2) VkbZi Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj & ;g ch- lh- rFkk
bysDVhdy Q+k;j xzqi ds vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

46-5 Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa esa mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys jlk;fud RkRo
D;k vki tkurs gSa fd vkx cq>kus okys ftrus Hkh midj.k gksrs gS mlds vanj
fofHkUu izdkj ds jlk;fud RkRo vkSj xSl dkfVZt dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s
lHkh jlk;fud rRoksa ,oa xSl dkfVZt dh ek=k ml Js.kh ds flfyaMj ds {kerk ds
mij fuHkZj gksrk gSA
vkx cq>kus okys NksVs midj.kksa esa iz;qDr gksus okys jlk;fud inkFkZ bl izdkj gS&
u0&1 okVj Vkbi Q+k;j ,DlfVaX;qkj
kj& bl ;a= esa ikuh rFkk dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM
dk dkfVZt gksrk gSaA 9 yh- {kerk okys bl Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj esa 40 xzke CO2 xSl
dkVht gksrk gS A
u0&2 esdSfudy Q+kse& blesa ikuh] Q+kserjy ,-,Q-,Q-,Q- ;kuh fd Q+kse
dEikmUM rFkk dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM dkfVt gksrk gSaA 9 yh- {kerk okys Q+k;j
,DLVhaX;wkj esa 8-5 yh- ikuh 0-5 yh- AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming
Form) rFkk 60g. CO2xSl dkfVZt yxk gksrk gSA

ppkZ djsa
vius izf'k{kd ls
Qk;j ,DlfVaX;w'kj
ls lacaf/kr
lko/kkfu;k ,oa
izk;ksfxd tkudkjh
izkIr djsa

u0&3 Mh-lh-ih& bl ;a= esa lksfM;e ckbZdkcksZusV rFkk dkcZu Mk;&vkWDlkbZM dk

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

219

dkWfVt gksrk gSaA bl dk otu 5 fdyksxzke {kerk okys vfXukeu esa 120 xzke
dkCkZu MkW;DlkbZM dk dkfVZt yxk jgrk gSA
u0&4 ,-ch-lh- MkbZ ikmMj ,DlfVaX;wkj& blesa eksuks veksfu;e Q+kLQsV rFkk
dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM dkfVZt ;k izskjkbZt ukbZVkstu gksrk gSaA
u0&5 lh- vks- Vw- &bl midj.k esa flQZ dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM xSl Hkjk gksrk gSaA
uksV %& lHkh flfy.Mj dh pknj dh eksVkbZ 1-25 eheh rFkk ;g xSYosukbZt lhV dk
cuk gksrk gSA
fofHkUu izdkj ds Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dks fdl Js.kh ds vkx ij iz;ksx djsa ,oa fdl
;a= dks fdl vkx dh Js.kh ij iz;ksx ughaa djsa bldh tkudkjh vki tSls lqj{kkdehZ
dks gksuk vfr vko;d gS fcuk bldh tkudkjh ds dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vkx dks dkjxj
<ax ls ugha cq>k ldrk gS blh tkudkjh ds fy, ;gka ,d pkVZ fn;k tk jgk gS
ftlds }kjk bls vklkuh ls le>k tk ldrk gS&
vfXukeu;a=ksa dk uke

vkx ds fofHkUu xzqi

,0

okVj lh-vks-Vw-

ch0

lh0

Mh0

bysfDVd Qk;j

lgh

lgh

lgh

esdsfudy Qkse

lgh

Mh0 lh0 ih0

lgh

lgh

lgh

lgh

lgh

lgh

lgh

lgh

,0 ch0 lh0 MkbZ ikmMj

lh0 vks0 Vw0

lgh

mijksDr pkVZ esa nks dkWye cus gq, gS igys dkWye esa vkx cq>kusa okys ;a=ks ds uke
rFkk nwljs esa mls fdl vkx ij mi;ksx djuk gS mldk xzqi fy[kk gqvk gSA
bl pkVZ ds ek/;e ls vki vklkuh ls tku ldsaxs fd fdl ;a= dks fdl xqzi ds vkx
ij mi;ksx dj vkx dks tYn ls tYn dkcw ik;k tk ldrk gSaA

46-6 iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dk fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds vkxksa ij iz;ksx

u0&1- okVj lh-vks-Vw- & bl lkj.kh ls ;g LiV gks jgk gS fd okVj lh0 vks0 Vw0
dks xzqi ,0 ds vkx ij gh iz;ksx djuk gS bls ckdh xzqiksa ds vkx ij iz;ksx ughaa
djuk gSA blesa ikuh gksrk gS blfy, ckdh xzqiksa ds vkx ij iz;ksx u djds flQZ
xzqi ,0 ds vkx ij gh iz;ksx djsaA bls iz;ksx esa ykus ds fy, blds Iyatj dks nckrs
gSa tc Iyatj ds ncko esa xSl dkWVht QVrk gS rks izskj curk gS rFkk ikuh ckgj
izskj ls fudyrk gS bldk tsV 18* ls 20* dh nwjh rd tkrk gSA
Uk0&2- esdsfudy Q+kse &
ij dh lkj.kh ls LiV gks jgk gS fd esdsfudy Q+kse dks
xzqi ch0 ds vkx ij iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A xzqi ,0] lh0] vkSj Mh0 ij iz;ksx ughaa
djuk pkfg,A ch0 xzqi dk vkx rSyh; gksrk gS vkSj Q+kse ds iz;ksx ls >kx fudyrh
gSA ;g rsy ds mij ls vkWDlhtu dks <d ysrk gS vkWDlhtu lekIr gks tkus ds
dkj.k vklkuh ls xzqi ch0 dh vkx lekIr gks tkrh gSA tcfd ,0 xzqi ds vkx ds
fy, >kx ugha pkfg,A mldks cq>kus ds fy, rki dks lekIr djuk gksrk gS tks ;g
220

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ughaa dj ikrk gSA bldk iz;ksx lh/kk vkx ij ugha djrs vkx ls yxs lrg ij djrs
gSa ftlls mlds lgkjs fQlyrs gq, vkx ij ijr cukrh gSA
lh0 xzqi ds vkx ds ckjs esa crk;k gh tk pqdk gS fd ;g xSlh; ,oa fctyh ls mRiUu
vkx gSA Q+kse esa ikuh jgrk gS] bls lh0 xzqi ds vkx ij iz;ksx djus ls gesa [+krjk
gks ldrk gSA blh rjg ls Mh0 xzqi ds vkx dsfedy /kkrqvksa ls mRiUu vkx gksrh
gS ;fn Q+kse dk iz;ksx bl vkx ij djrs gaS rks ;g /kkrq ds lkFk izfrf;k dj
[+krjk iSnk dj ldrk gSA
vr% bu lHkh ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[+krs gq, gesa bls flQZ ch0 xzqi ds vkx ij gh
iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
u0&3- MkbZ dsfedy ikmMj & lkj.kh ls ;g LiV gks jgk gS fd Mh0 lh0 ih0 dks
xzqi ch0] lh0] vkSj Mh0 ,oa fctyh ls yxh vkx ij iz;ksx djuk gS flQZ xzqi ,0
ds vkx ij iz;ksx ughaa djuk gSA Mh0 lh0 ih0 dk dke gS vkWDlhtu dks <d ysuk
blfy, Mh0 lh0 ih0 bu lHkh xzqiksa ds vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, mfpr gSA exj xzqi
,0 ds vkx ds rki dks BaMk djus ij cq>k;k tkrk gS tks Mh0 lh0 ih0 ughaa dj ikrk
gSA blfy, xzqi ,0 ds vkx ij Mh0 lh0 ih0 dk iz;ksx djuk mfpr ughaa gksxkA
Uk0&4- ,0 ch0 lh0 MkbZ ikmMj & ;g ,0 ch0 lh0 ,oa fctyh ls yxh vkx ds xzqiksa
ij iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g rki dks BaMk ,oa vkWDlhtu dks <dus dk dk;Z
djrk gSA tc blds vUnj ls eksuks dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM ikmMj ckgj vkrk gS vkSj
tc rki ls lEidZ LFkkfir djrk gS rks oki ds :i esa ikuh fudyus yxrk gS blh
dkj.k ls bls Mh0 xzqi ds vkx ij iz;ksx ughaa djrs gSaA
Uk0&5- lh0 vks0 Vw0 & lkj.kh ls LiV gS fd lh0 vks0 Vw0 dks xzqi ch0] lh0 ,oa
fctyh ls yxh vkx ij iz;ksx djuk gS rFkk ,0 vkSj Mh0 xzqi ij iz;ksx ughaa djuk
gSA dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM esa ncko ;qDr flQZ dkcZu MkbZvkDlkbM xSl jgrk gS bls
iz;ksx djrs le; ncko nsrs gq, lh0 vks0 Vw0 ckgj fudyrk gSA tks vkWDlhtu dks
cgqr tYn vkx ds LFkku ij ls [+kRe dj nsrk gS] ifj.kker% vkWDlhtu [+kRe gksrs
gh vkx vklkuh ls cq> tkrh gSA tc ,0 xzqi ds vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, lh0 vks0
Vw0 dk iz;ksx djrs gSa rks ;g vkx dh yiV dks rks cq>k nsxk ysfdu mlds rki dks
lekIr ughaa dj ik;sxk vkSj ;fn ,0 xzqi ds vkx ls rki dks ughaa gVk;k tk,s rks
vkx dh lekfIr laHko ughaa gSA
bldk iz;ksx iszkj 160dsth@lseh2 ij dke djrk gSA blds vUnj dk rki
(&)1110F gksrh gSA CO2 xSl 180 ls 200kg/cm2 ds nckc ls ckgj vkrh gSA
bl flfy.Mj dh cukoV ,slh gksrh gS fd blesa dgha ls tksM+ ugha gksrk gSA
CO2 dk iz;ksx dHkh Hkh Mh xzqi ds vkx ij iz;ksx ughaa djuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g
/kkrqvksa ls feydj izfrf;k dj ldrk gS vkSj vkx cq>kus ds ctk, [+krjk gks
ldrk gSA vr% bls flQZ xzqi ch0] lh0 ,oa fctyh dh vkx ij iz;ksx djsaxs rFkk
xzqi ,0] Mh0 ij dHkh Hkh iz;ksx ughaa djuk pkfg,A
lkj.kh ls LiV gS fd fdl vfXukked ;a= dks fdl xzqi ds vkx ij iz;ksx djus
ls vkx dh lekfIr gks ldrh gS vkSj fdl xzqi ij iz;ksx djus ls vkx cq>kus ds
ctk, [+krjk mRiUu gks ldrk gSA vr% bu lkjh ckrksa dks /;kuiwoZd j[+krs gq, vki
vkx cq>k,xsaA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ppkZ djsa
vkx ds xzqi *,*
rFkk xzqi *Mh* ij
CO2 iz;ksx u djus
ds dkj.k

xfrfof/k
vius izf'k{k.k
laLFkku esa
vfXu'keu
midj.kksa dh
izk;ksfxd tkudkjh
izkIr djsa
221

46-7 vkx cq>kus ds nkSjku cjrh tkus okyh lko/kkfu;k

tc Hkh vkx cq>k;h tkrh gS rks dqN lko/kkfu;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tkrk gS vxj mu
lko/kkfu;ksa dks /;ku esa u j[kk tk, rks [+krjk gks ldrk gS vkSj vkx cq>kus okyk
Lo;a Hkh ?kk;y gks ldrk gS oSlh fLFkfr esa vki tc Hkh vkx dks cq>k,sa mlds fy,
lko/kkfu;ksa dks t:j /;ku esa j[ksa&
1- vkx cq>krs le; vkx ds xzqi dks igpkuuk ,oa mlh ds vuqlkj vkx cq>kus dh
fof/k dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
2- vkx ds ikl >qddj tkuk ,oa >qddj ykSVuk pkfg,A
3- vkx cq>krs le; vkx ds foijhr fnkk esa [kM+k gksuk pkfg,A
4- vxj foijhr fnkk vo:) gks rks ck;sa ;k nk;as ls cq>kuk pkfg, lkeus ls
dnkfi ughaA
5- fctyh dh vkx ns[+krs gh loZizFke fctyh ds izokg dks dkV nsuk pkfg, rkfd
vkx cq>krs le; fctyh dk >Vdk u yxs A
6- xSl dh vkx ds ikl ukd <+ddj tkuk pkfg,A
7- vkx ds ikl ls Toyukhy inkFkZ dks rRdky gVk nsuk pkfg,A
8- :e dk njoktk ;k f[kM+dh [kksyrs le; nk;sa ;k ck;sa ls [kksyuk pkfg,]
lkeus ls dnkfi ugha A
9- njokts f[kM+dh ns[kus ds fy, tehu dk lgkjk ysuk pkfg, tc vkx cgqr
cM+h gks ,oa njoktk f[kM+dh fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gks rksA
10- :e dh vkx cq>krs le; ;a=ksa ls] fctyh dh vkx ugha jgus ij Hkh] ia[ks dks
can dj nsuk pkfg,A
11- can txg esa vkx cq>krs le; osafVysku dh O;oLFkk vo; dj ysuh pkfg,
rkfd lgh :i esa vkWDlhtu fey ldsA
12- vkx yxus ij fyV dk lgkjk ugha ysuk pkfg, cfYd nqljs jkLrs ls lhf<+;ksa
ls vkuk&tkuk pkfg,A vkx ns[kus ij u ?kcM+kuk vkSj u gh rst xfr ls Qals
Hkkx ls fudyuk pkfg, tSls ;fn vkx rhljs eafty ij yxh gks vkSj vki uhps
vkus ls vleFkZ gks rks lcls mijh eafty ij pys tk,sa ,oa /kS;Z vkSj fgEer ls
dke ysrs gq, vkx&vkx fpYykuk pkfg, rkfd vkidh vkokt lqudj vkidks
cpk;k tk ldsA ifjfLFkfr ,oa O;oLFkk ds eqrkfcd fnekx dks bLrseky dj
viuh lqj{kk djrs gq, dEiuh dh lqj{kk djuk gh gekjk lcls cM+k nkf;Ro
gSA
13- tgk vkx yxh gq;h gS ogk tyL=ksr dh [kkst djukA
14- kgj ds lHkh Q+k;jfczxsM ls geskk lEidZ esa jguk rFkk mldk Q+ksu uEcj
ekywe gksukA
15- vkx yxus ij cq>kus ;k fudyus ds fy, geskk kkWVZ jkLrs dks viukuk
pkfg,A

xfrfof/k
fctyh ls vkx
yxus ij /;ku
j[kus ;ksX;
lko/kkfu;k
222

46-8 Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds iz;ksx djus dh fof/k ,oa lko/kkfu;k

;a= pykus ls igys lsVh Dyhi rFkk HksUV gkWy ukWty dks lkQ j[ksaA fdlh Hkh Fire
Extinguisher dks iz;ksx djus ls igys ;g ns[k ysa fd bls fdl xzqi ds vkx ij
iz;ksx djuk gS vkSj fdl ij ughaa rFkk fdls lh/kk ;k mYVk iz;ksx djuk gSA
1

vkx cq>kus okys ;a=ksa dks iz;ksx ds fy, ykrs le; lnk lh/kk j[ksa rFkk bls

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

T;knk fgyus ughaa nssa pkgs vki bls <ksdj ;k xkM+h ls ykosaA
vkx cq>krs le; lcls igys mls c<+us ls jksd nsa ;kuh tgka ls vkx dh
mRifk gks jgh gks ogk cq>kus okys ;a= ds /kkj dk iz;ksx djsaA ;a=ksa dk
iz;ksx geskk vkx ds lrg ij djsa uk fd b/kj&m/kjA
vkx cq>krs le; vius vki dks fLFkj ughaa j[ksa ,oa le; ds eqrkfcd vki iwjh
papyrk fn[kk;saA vkx cq>krs le; viuh Lo;a dh lqj{kk dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk
pkfg,A
vxj ,d vkx cq>kus okys ;a= dk iz;ksx djus ij Hkh vkx ij dkcw ughaa ik
jgs gksa rks nwljs vkx cq>kus okys ;a= dk iz;ksx rRdky djsaA D;ksafd nsj gqvk
rks cq>k gqvk vkx Hkh iqu% vUnj gh vUnj c<+us yxsxkA vkSj fQj igys dh
rjg gh vkx c<+ tk,sxhA cM+h vkx dks dkmUVj Q+k;j djsa vkSj vkokt u
lquus ij flXuy dk iz;ksx djsaA
lHkh Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dh {kerk yxHkx ,d ls Ms< feuV gksrh gSA dksbZ Hkh
vkx ikp feuV ls T;knk gksus ij bruk c<+ tk,xh fd ;g iksVsZcy Qk;j
,DlVhaX;wkj ls vklkuh ls ughaa cq> ik;sxhA geskk yxkrkj ;a=ksa ds pykus
dh O;oLFkk djsa] cM+h vkx ij dkcq ikus ds fy, ty L=ksrksa dh O;oLFkk djsaA

vc vki vyx&vyx izdkj ds vkx cq>kus okys ;a=ksa dk iz;ksx djus

ds rjhds lh[ksaxs%&
okVj dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM dh iz;ksx fof/k %&
1
2
3

4
5

okVj lh- vks- Vw- (Water CO2) dks vkx ds ikl ys tkdj tehu ij j[ksaA Lo;a
vkx ls de ls de 10* dh nwjh ij jgsaA
mlds iyatj ls lsVh fDyi dks fudkysaA
iyatj dks gkFk ls nck,saA /;ku j[ksa iyatj nckrs le; psgjk mlds Bhd
ij u gks ugha rks dHkh&dHkh Iyatj fudy dj vkids psgjs ij Hkh yx
ldrk gSaA Ikyatj nckrs le; nk;ka iSj vkxs vkSj ck;ka iSj ihNs j[ksaA psgjk
Ikyatj ds lkeus u j[ksa vkSj vkx ds pkjks rjQ ?kwe&?kwe dj mldk iz;ksx
djsaA
ukstsy ls fudys gq, /kkj dks ikuh vkx ds lrg ij yxk;as u fd mlds
yiVksa ijA
vxj gkst yxk gqvk okVj lh0 vks0 Vw0 gS rks lcls igys gkst dks gkFk esa
ysdj gkst ds ukstsy dks vkx dh rjQ dj iyatj ls lsVh fDyi dks
fudkydj iyatj nck,saA

bls vkx ls vf/kd ls vf/kd 8 ls 12 QhV dh nwjh ls iz;ksx djsaA de ls de

3 QhV dh nwjh ls iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

bldk fMLpktZ le; 60 ls 65 lsdsaM gSA

MkbZ dsfedy ikmMj dh iz;ksx fof/k %&

1
2
3-

bls vkx ds ikl ys tkdj tehu ij lh/kk j[ksaA

bls lh/kk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
;g ,d fdyks ls 70 fdyks rd dk gksrk gSA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

223

45
6
7
8
9

,d fdyksa ls nks fdyks rd esa gkst ughaa yxk jgrk gS vkSj ckdh lHkh esa yxk
jgrk gSA
ftlesa gkst yxk gqvk gS mls iz;ksx djrs le; gkst dks gkFk esa ysdj mlds
ukstsy dks vkx dh rjQ djsaA
iyatj ls lsQ~Vh fDyi dks fudkysaA
iyatj dks gkFk ls nck;saA
bls vkx ds mijh lrg ls uhps dh rg rd iz;ksx djsaA
bu ;a=ksa dks utnhd ls iz;ksx djsa ;g de le; rd pyrk gS ;kuh 5 fd0xzk0
dk 15 ls 20 ls- rdA

,0 ch0 lh0 MkbZ ikmMj dh iz;ksx fof/k %&

1234-

56-

;g nks rjg dk gksrk gS ,d Mh0lh0ih0 ds tSlk ,oa ,d LVksMZ iszkj VkbiA

izskj VkbZi esa ,d xst yxk jgrk gS tks fd vUnj dk izskj crkrk jgrk gSA
bldk ukstsy foksk izdkj dk cuk gksrk gS tks fd ikmMj dks QSykrk gS ,oa
jcj ds fMLpktZ ikbZi ds lkFk ukstsy yxk jgrk gSA
Lohp ,oa ;a= ds gsM ij ,d ,;j okYo psd Hkh yxk jgrk gS tks fd ;a=ksa esa
iszkj Hkjus ds dke vkrk gSA bls iz;ksx djrs le; gkst ukstsy dks vkx dh
rjQ djsaA
lsVh fiu dks fudky dj fyoj dks nck fn;k tkrk gS vkSj bldk fukkuk
vkx ds ij ls yxk dj iz;ksx djsaA
blds ij daVksy fd;k tk ldrk gS ;kfu vkx cq>kus ds ckn cps gq;s Hkkx
dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA

dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM dk iz;ksx fof/k %&

bls vkx ds ikl ys tkdj Discharge horn dks gkFk esa ysdj vkx dh rjQ
djsaA
2.
blesa Hkh fdlh esa Horn gksrk gS vkSj fdlh esa uksty gksrk gS uksty ds iz;ksx
ds le; geskk vkx dh rjQ j[ksaA
3.
mlds ckn HkkYo ls lsVh ihu dks fudky ysa vkSj HkkYo dks [kksysaA
4.
HkkYo [kksyrs gh rst vkokt ls dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM xSl fudyus yxrk gSA
5.
;g xanghu jaxghu xSl gksrh gSA
6.
gok ls Ms<+ xq.kk Hkkjh gksrh gSA
7.
bldh mifLFkfr esa vkx tyrh ughaa jg ldrhA
8.
blesa vf/kd ncko ds dkj.k ;g flfyaMj esa rjy :Ik esa gks tkrh gSA
9.
bls iz;ksx djrs le; gkst ds gSaMhy dks idM+saxs D;ksafd xSl ckgj vkus ds ckn
cgqr gh BaMk dj nsxk -1110F BaMk gksrk gSA
10. vkx cq>rs gh HkkYo dks can dj nsaA D;ksafd ;g daVksy flLVe gksrk gSA bls
vkx ds ikl ls ftruk utnhd ls cq>k lds mruk vPNk jgsxkA vkx cq>krs
le; horn dks ij&uhps djsaA bldk fjfQyhax dEiuh [kqn djrh gSA
1.

224

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

lko/kkfu;k
12345678910111213-

;a=ksa esa ,d dkMZ gksuk pkfg, ftlesa psd djus dh frfFk] le; ,oa gLrk{kj
gksuh pkfg,A
fdlh Hkh Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dk iz;ksx djus ls igys ;g ns[k ysa fd bldk
ns[k&js[k lgh gS ;k ughaA
Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj ds lHkh ikVZl lgh <a+x ls dlk gksuk pkfg,A
Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dks vkx ds ihNs iz;ksx djrs le; de ls de 3 QhV dh
nqjh ij j[ksaA
Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj ds ukstsy dks vkx ds rjQ j[ksaA
vius yEckbZ ds vuqlkj ck;sa iSj dks vkxs QSyk dj j[ksaA
psgjk ;wfu;u dSi ds lkeus u j[ksaA
utj geskk vkx dh vksj j[ksaA
gkst okys ;a=ksa dk igys gkst fudky ysa vkSj mlds ukstsy dks vkx dh vksj
j[ksaA
Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dks kjhj ls vius gkFk dh nwjh ds eqrkfcd j[ksaA
fctyh okys vkx ij ikuh okys Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa dks fcuk fctyh dkVs
iz;ksx u djsaA
iz;ksx fd;k gqvk ikuh okyk Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dks nks ckj ikuh ls /kksdj
j[kus okys LFkku ij j[ksaA
iz;ksx djus ds ckn xSl dkfVZt dks vyx&vyx [kksydj j[ksa ,oa ml dkMZ
ij ekfdZax djuk pkfg,A ftlls og igpku esa jgsA

42-9 Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds tkp ds rjhds

okVj VkbZi Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj & bldk rhu VsLV gksrk gS &
1- gkbZMksfyd VsLV & ,DlfVaX;wkjlZ esa dgha tax u yx tk, ;k QQqan u gks
mlds fy, ikuh Hkjdj uksty dks can djrs gSa mlds ckn gkbZMksfyDl ls 175 fd-xzk- ds ncko ls gok nsrs gS tgk ij Nsn gksxk ogk ls ikuh dk fjlko
gksuk kq: gks tkrk gSA ;g VsLV 2-5 feuV rd gksrk gSA
2- czfLVax VsLV & 30 dsth@lseh2 ls 35 dsth@lseh2 ncko nsus ls ekywe gks
tkrk gS fd ;g dk;Z djus ;ksX; gS fd ughaA
3- Carring VsLV& tax yxrk jgrk gS ftlls gesa ekywe gks tkrk gSA
4- Extinguishers dk VssLV& lHkh iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkjksa ds fy, lkIrkfgd]
ekfld] =Sekfld] v)Z okfkZd rFkk lykukA

lkIrkfgd& bl VsLV esa lHkh Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj gS fd ugha\

ekg esa & blesa okVj yscy ,oa xzhflax dks ns[+krs gSaA

rhu efguksa esa & blesa uksty ns[kuk] HksUV gky lkQ djuk] HkkYo dks
ns[kuk] dkWVhZt dk otu djuk vkfn

N% ekg & rhu ekg esa tks VsLV djrs gSA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

225

lky esa & blesa Hkjs Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dks pykuk iM+rk gSA

Mh-lh-ih- ds izdkj &

12-

lksfM;e ckbZ dkcksZusV

eksuks veksfu;k Q+kLQsV

Mh-lh-ih- ugha tes blds fy, mlesa

1- flfydkWu]
2- MkbZ dSfYl;e Q+kWLQsV rFkk
3- eksVsfjd LizhV feyk;k tkrk gSA
ftrus Hkh vfXukeu midj.k gksrs gS mlds vanj tks Hkh jlk;fud rRo Hkjs jgrs gSa
mu rRoksa dks ;fn ,d le; lhek ds vanj iz;ksx esa u yk;k tk, rks mldh {kerk
Lor% lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj gks ldrk gS fd vfXu nq?kZVuk ds le; os ;a= fdlh
dke dk u jg tk, blhfy, ;a=ksa dks le;&le; ij tkp fd;k tkrk gS vkSj tkp
ds ckn ;fn mlesa dksbZ xM+cM+h feyrh gS rks mls Bhd fd;k tkrk gSA uhps ,d
uewuk vkidks fn[k;k tk jgk gS ftldks ns[kdj vki bls lgtrk ls le> ldsaxsA

46-10 lkjkak
lp esa vkt dk ;g fok; fdruk egRoiw.kZ gSA vc pkgs vki fdlh baMLVh]
,sfrgkfld bekjr] jsyos LVsku] gokbZ vM~Mk] fk{k.k laLFkku bR;kfn fdlh Hkh
LFkku ij M~;wVh djsaxs] vko;drk iM+us ij ogk ij fLFkr Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dk
bLrseky dj tku&eky dh gksusokyh {kfr dks jksd ldrs gSa ;gh rks ,d n{k ,oa
dqky lqj{kkdehZ dk nkf;Ro gSA

46-11 izukoyh
1-

iksVsZcy Q+k;j ,DlfVX;wkj fdrus izdkj ds gksrs gS \ vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls \

2-

fuEu vkx cq>kus okys ;a=ksa esa dkSu&dkSu lk jlk;fud RkRo mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS\ **d**& ,-ch-lh- MkbZ ikmMj **[k**& esdsfudy Q+kse

3-

okVj lh-vks-Vw- Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dk iz;ksx D;k rsy dh vkx ij dj ldrs

gS\

4-

vkx cq>krs le; fdu&fdu lko/kkfu;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tkrk gS\

5-

esdsfudy Q+kse dks fdl izdkj ds vkx ij iz;ksx djrs gS\ bldh iz;ksx
fof/k crk,sa\

226

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

Module: 10: vkx ,oa lqj{kk

;wfuV 47- vkx ds irk yxus ij dh tkusokyh dk;Zokgh

ikB lajpuk
47-1
47-2
47-3
47-4

47-5
47-6
47-7
47-8
47-9
47-10
47-11

ms;
ifjp;
vkx fu;a=.k ds iwoZ egRoiw.kZ lwpukvksa dh tkudkjh
vkx ds ikl tkus esa cjrh tkus okyh lko/kkfu;k
njoktk ;k f[kM+dh [kksyus ls iwoZ lko/kkfu;k
dejs esa ?kqlrs le; lko/kkfu;k
vkx ij vke.k dk rjhdk
inkFkZ ftuij ikuh dk iz;ksx [+krjukd gS
cpko dh dk;Zokgh thou j{kk
Q+k;j Iyku
Q+k;jxkMZ ds dkZO;
lkjkak
izukoyh

47-1 ms;
bl ikB ds v/;;u ls vki tkusaxs ,oa fl[ksaxs &






vkx fu;a=.k ds iwoZ egRoiw.kZ lwpuk

vkx ds lehi igqpus ds ckn dh dk;Zokgh
dejs esa izos'k djrs le; lko/kkfu;k
vkx ij vke.k dk rjhdk ;kfu vkx cq>kus ds rjhds ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
vkSj
vkx ls cpko dk rjhdk

47-2 ifjp;
vkx yxus dk irk pyus ij mls cq>kus ds fy, ;fn Rofjr dk;Zokgh ugha fd x;h
rks bldk ifj.kke dkQh Hk;adj gks ldrk gS] ijUrq dksbZ dk;Zokgh djus ls igys
ml vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, ,d lqfufpr ;kstuk ds vuqlkj dk;Zokgh dh tk, rks

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

227

vkx dks tYn gh lQyrk iwoZd cq>k;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn ;kstuko) rjhds ls
dk;Zokgh ugha dh x;h rks gks ldrk gS fd vkXk vkSj Hk;adj :i /kkj.k dj ys vkSj
cq>kus okyk O;fDRk Lo;a Hkh ml vkx esa >qyl ldrk gSA
T;knkrj ns[kk x;k gS fd tc dHkh Hkh vkx yxrh gS rks yksx ?kcM+k dj
b/kj&m/kj Hkkxus yxrs gSa vkSj cq>kus ds e esa dqN ,slh xyfr;k dj cSBrs gSa
ftlls dkQh uqdlku gks tkrk gSA
vkx cq>kus dk vFkZ flQZ vkx ij fu;a=.k djuk ugha gksrk cfYd de ls de le;
esa vkx ij fu;a=.k djrs gq, tkueky dh {kfr dks jksduk gSA vRk% tc dHkh Hkh vkx
cq>kus dh lwpuk izkIr gks fcuk fcyEc fd;s fuEufyf[+kr ckrksa dk irk yxk,sa&

47-3 vkx fu;a=.k ds iwoZ egRoiw.kZ lwpukvksa dh tkudkjh&

12345678-

vkx dgk yxh gS ;kfu vkx dk LFkku lhV vkWaQ Q+k;j

ml vkx esa D;k pht ty jgh gS\
ml vkx dk xzqi ,0ch0lh0 ;k Mh0 dkSu lk gS\
vkx dh fnkk fdl rjQ gS\
vkx lk/kkj.k gS ;k Hk;adj :i ys pqdh gSuspj vkWaQ Q+k;jA
ml vkx esa dksbZ izk.kh euq; ;k tkuoj rks Qals ughaa gSa\
ml vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, fdu&fdu midj.kksa dh vko;drk iM+sxhA
vkx ds lehi igqpus ds fy, ;k ml ij vke.k ds fy, dksbZ jkLrk gS ;k mls
cukuk iM+sxkA
9- vkx tgk yxh gS ml LFkku ij dksbZ vLirky gS ;k ugha\
10- ,Ecqysal dh lqfo/kk gS fd ugha\
mijksDr reke ckrksa dks irk yxkus ds mijkar gh vkx ij Rofjr dk;Zokgh dj
vkx cq>k;h tk ldrh gSA
11- utnhdh tyL=ksr dh O;oLFkk gS ;k ughaaA

47-4 vkx ds ikl tkus esa cjrh tkus okyh lko/kkfu;k

i-

ppkZ djsa
vkx fu;af=r djus
esa lqj{kkdehZ }kjk
/;ku nsus ;ksX;
vko';d ckrsa
228

12-

njoktk ;k f[kM+dh [kksyus ls iwoZ lko/kkfu;k vDlj ns[kk x;k gS fd dejs

esa vkx yxus ij yksx dejs ds njokts vkSj f[kM+fd;ksa dks [kksyus yxrs gSa
ijUrq ;fn vkx Hk;adj :i ls yxh gks rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ;fn dejs ds njokts
;k f[kM+dh [kksyrs gSa rks bldk ifj.kke Hk;adj gks ldrk gS dkj.k njoktk
[kksyrs gh dejs ds vanj rsth ls gok dk izosk gksxk vkSj ckgj ls vkWDlhtu
izkIr dj vkx vkSj Hkh Hk;adj :i ys ldrh gSA vr% njoktk ;k f[kM+dh
[kksyus ls igys fuEu ckrksa dk /;ku j[ksa&
njokts ;k f[kM+dh dks >Vds ds ctk, /khjs&/khjs [kksysa rkfd vanj ds xeZ gok
ds >ksdksa ls cpk tk ldsA
;fn njoktk vkxs dh rjQ ;kfu fd vkids rjQ [kqy jgk gS rks viuk ,d
iSj uhps yxkdj jf[k;s rkfd njokts ,dne ls u [kqy tk,saA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

3-

45ii-

12-

345-

njoktk [kksyrs oDr viuk flj uhpk jf[k;s rFkk [kksydj vanj >kaddj
nsf[k, fd vkx dgk gSa] fdl fnkk esa gSa\ njoktk [kksyus ij HkM+drh rks
ughaa\
;fn njoktk vanj ds rjQ [kqy jgk gS rks iSj nksuksa njoktks ds chp esa uhps
j[ksa vkSj dejs ds vanj >qddj >kad dj ns[ksaA
njoktk [kskyus ls igys vkids ikl vkx cq>kus okys lk/ku vo; gksus
pkfg,A [kkyh gkFk dHkh Hkh njoktk u [kksysa] [+krjk gks ldrk gSA
dejs esa izos'k djrs le; lko/kkfu;k& vDlj ns[kk x;k gS fd tc dHkh Hkh
dejs esa vkx yxrh gS rks vpkud vQjk&rQjh ep tkrh gSA vkx yxus ds
dqN gh feuVksa esa dejs ds vanj /kqvk Hkj tkrk gS vkSj dqN yksx ml /kq, ds
dkj.k mlesa Qal tkrs gSa] oSlh ifjfLFkfr esa ;fn vki mUgsa cpkus tk jgs gSa
rks vkidks dqN lkof/kkfu;k cjruh iM+sxh rkfd vki mlesa Qals gq, yksxksa dks
cpk ldsaA
/kq, ls Hkjs dejs esa ?kqlus ls igys Lo;a vius ukd o eqg ij Hkhaxk :eky
cka/k ysa rkfd vkids mij /kq, dk vlj de gks ldsA
dejs esa ?kqlrs le; ?kqVuksa vkSj gFksfy;ksa ds cy pyuk pkfg, vkSj vius flj
dks vf/kd ls vf/kd uhps j[kus dk iz;kl djsa] flj uhps j[kus ls vkidks
LoPN gok feysxh D;ksafd /kqvk gYdh gksus ds dkj.k mij dh vksj mBrk gS
vkSj uhps [kkyh LFkku esa gok Hkj tkrh gSA
/kq, esa rykkh ysrs le; gkFk dks tehu ls jxM+rs gq, /khjs&/khjs vkxs c<Ukk
pkfg,A
;fn dksbZ O;fDr /kq, ds dkj.k ;k tyus ds dkj.k vpsr gS rks lcls igys mls
ckgj ykus dh dk;Zokgh djuh pkfg,A
/kq, Hkjs dejs esa ?kqlus ls igys ilZuy ykbZu dk ,d Hkkx ckgj fdlh etcqr
oLrq ls cka/ks rFk nwljk Nksj vius dej esa cka/ksa fQj /kq, Hkjs dejs esa kWfyax
ds ek/;e ls izosk djsa rFkk lpZ djsa] lpZ djus esa jkLrk ugha feyus ij
ilZuy ykbZu ds ek/;e ls ckgj fudy ldrs gSaA

47-5 vkx ij vke.k dk rjhdk&

vkx pkgs dejs ds vanj yxh gks ;k ckgj] vkx ds LFkku dk irk pyus ij ml vkx
dks vkx cq>kus okys rhuksa fl)kar vFkkZr dqfyax] Leksnfjax rFkk LVkosZku fof/k ls
cq>kuk pkfg, rkfd vkx ij de le; esa vkSj vklkuh ls dkcw ik;k tk ldsA
;fn vkx lk/kkj.k gS rks mls dqfyax esFkM ds vuqlkj cq>kuk pkfg,A lk/kkj.k vkx
**,** xzqi dh vkx gksrh gS vkSj oSlh vkx ij ikuh dk iz;ksx T;knk vljdkjd gksrk
gSA
ikuh }kjk vkx cq>kus dk eq[; ms; ;g gksrk gS fd vkx ds ewy LFkku ;k mlds
vklikl ds Hkkx dks Ba<d igqpk;h tk,A vkx cq>krs le; vkx dh yisV ,oa rki
ls Lo;a dks cpkus dk Hkh iz;Ru djuk pkfg, mlds fy, fdlh pht dh vksV ysuh
pkfg, rkfd vkx ds >ksadksa ls cp ldsaA ikuh ds iz;ksx ls vkx rks cq>rh gh gS lkFk

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

229

gh vkx ds vkl&ikl dh oLrq,sa Hkh xhyh gks tkrh gS ftlls mlesa vkx QSyus ls
#d tkrh gSA
ikuh dh /kkj vkx dh yiVksa ,oa /kq, ij u Mkydj mlds ewy LFkku ij Mkyuk
pkfg, rFkk ikuh dh /kkj pykrs le; chp&chp esa Qqgkj }kjk okrkoj.k dks BaMk
djrs jguk pkfg,A vxj vkx dh yiV nwljh rjQ gks rks mlds vkl&ikl ds tyus
okyh oLrq dks gVkus dk Hkh iz;Ru djuk pkfg,A vkx cq>krs le; vius cpko ds
fy, geskk lrdZ jgsa ;fn vkx fu;a=.k ls ckgj fn[k jgh gS rks Lo;a dks lqjf{kr
djrs gq, vf/kd la[;k esa cq>kus okys O;fDr ,oa midj.kksa dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
tc vkx fu;a=.k esa vk tk, rks mls vPNh rjg myV&iqyV dj ;g Kkr dj ysuk
pkfg, fd vkx cq> pqdh gS ,slk ugha djus ij vkx ds nqckjk HkM+dus dk [+krjk
gksrk gSA

47-6 inkFkZ ftuij ikuh dk iz;ksx [+krjukd gS&

dqN ,sls inkFkZ gksrs gSa ftu ij ikuh dk iz;ksx ugha djuk T;knk mi;qDr gksrk gSA
dqN inkFkZ ikuh ds lEidZ esa vkus ls cgqr vf/kd rki mRiUu djrs gSa ;k dHkh&dHkh
foLQ+ksVd dk :i Hkh /kkj.k dj ysrs gS vr% ,sls inkFkksZ ij fuEu dk;Zokgh dh tkuh
pkfg,&
1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

6-

230

isVksy dh vkx ij esdsfudy Q+kse] ,-ch-lh- MkbZ ikmMj ;k feV~Vh rFkk ckyw
dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A feV~Vh ds rsy] Mhty] pchZ] jSftu] dksyrkj] vkfn
rSyh; inkFkksZ ij dHkh Hkh ikuh dk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A bu ij lnk
Q+kse ;k MkbZ ikmMj vkSj feV~Vh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
eSXusfk;e] ,Y;wfefu;e] lksfM;e] iksVsfk;e vkSj dSyfk;e tSlh /kkrqvksa dh
vkx ij dHkh Hkh Q+kse ;k ikuh dk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A /kkrq dh vkx dks
,- ch- lh- MkbZ ikmMj] lq[kh ckyw rFkk feV~Vh dk iz;ksx dj cq>kuk pkfg,A
/kkrq esa vkx yxus ds ckn mls dHkh Hkh gkFk ls ugha Nwuk pkfg,A
ceksa dh vkx ij ikuh er Mkfy, cfYd ckyw ;k feV~Vh ls <+d nsuk pkfg,A
ce ds irk yxus ij mls <+dus ds fy, ckyw dh cksjh dks vius psgjs ds lkeus
j[+krs gq, ce rd igqpdj cksjh dks ce ij bl izdkj Mkyuk pkfg, fd og
vkx dks iqjh rjg <+d ysA
Xysljhu] usIFkyhu] dSEQj vkfn jlk;fud inkFkksZ ds vkx ij Hkh ckyw ;k
feV~Vh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A ,sls jlk;uksa ds vkx ij dHkh Hkh ikuh dk
iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A
vkx ;fn fctyh ds midj.k esa yxh gS vkSj fctyh dk izokg gks jgk gS rks
dHkh Hkh Hkwydj ikuh dk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A loZizFke fctyh ds izokg
dks jksduk pkfg, vFkkZr esuLohp dkVdj gh ikuh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, ;k
lh-vks-Vw- ;k MkbZikmMj Q+k;j ,DLVhaX;wkj dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
;fn fdlh O;fDr ds kjhj ds diM+ksa es vkx yxh gS rks ml ij ikuh er
Mkfy,A eksVs dEcy] njh ;k VkV ls yisVdj vkx cq>kb,A ;fn O;fDr Hkkx
jgk gS rks gkFkksa ij njh ;k dEcy yisV dj mls tehu ij fyVk nhft, vkSj
vkx dks FkiFkik dj cq>k nhft,A

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

7-

vkx ;fn fdlh vkWfQl esa yxh gks rks ogk ij T;knkrj dkxt] Vscqy] dqlhZ]
dEI;qVj vkfn gksrs gS tks lkekU;r% *,* xzqi dh vkx gksrh gSA oSlh fLFkfr esa
Hkh ikuh dk iz;ksx u dj ml ij lh-vks-Vw- ;k ,-ch-lh- MkbZ ikmMj
,DlfVaX;wkj dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A ikuh ds iz;ksx ls egRoiw.kZ dkxtkr
xhys gks tk,saxsA tks ckn esa fdlh dke ds ugha jgsaxsA

47-7 cpko dh dk;Zokgh thou j{kk

tc dHkh Hkh vkx yxrh gS rks vanskk gksrk gS fd mlesa dksbZ thfor izk.kh Qalk gS
;k nq?kZVukxzLr gks x;k gSA ;fn ;g Kkr gks ;k lansg gks fd dksbZ izk.kh
nq?kZVukxzLr gS rks mls cpkus ds fy, izkFkfedrk nsuh pkfg,A vDlj ns[kk x;k gS
fd ;fn tyrs gq, edku ls tYn ls tYn Hkkx fudyus ds fy, ?kcjkgV esa yksx
vke jkLrs ls fudyus ds ctk, f[kM+dh ;k Nr ij ls nwljh vksj ;k xyh esa Nykax
yxk nsrs gSA ,sls esa vxj dksbZ ,slk djrs gq, fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS rks mls <+k<l
ca/kkuk pkfg, vkSj fookl fnykuk pkfg, fd mUgsa lqjf{kr fudkyus dh dksfkk dh
tk jgh gS rkfd os ?kcjkgV esa dksbZ xyr dk;Zokgh u dj MkysaA
;fn ;g vanskk gks tk, fd gks ldrk gS fd dejs esa dqN yksx Qals gks ,slh fLFkfr
esa dejs dh rykkh lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls djuh pkfg,A
dejs esa vkx yxus ds dkj.k /kqvk Hkj tkrk gS vr% dejs esa ?kqlus ij nhokj ds
lgkjs dejs ds pkjks rjQ pDdj yxkdj nq?kZVukxzLr O;fDr dks <wa<uk pkfg,] dHkh
dHkh yksx pkjikbZ ds uhps esa fcLrjksa ls vius vki dks <+d ysrs gS ,slh fLFkfr esa
pkjikbZ vkSj Vscqy ds uhps rks foksk :i ls rykkh djuh pkfg,A
ckgj fudyus dk rjhdk & ;fn rykkh ds nkSjku dksbZ O;fDr csgksk fey tk, rks
ml ejht dks fpr fyVk dj mlds nksuksa gkFkksa dh dykbZ dks cka/k nsuh pkfg, fQj
mlds ij >qddj mlds ca/ks gkFkksa es ls viuk flj Mkydj ,d gkFk ls mlds flj
dks lgkjk nsrs gq, ?kqVus o gFksyh ds cy ?klhVrs gq, ejht dks ckgj fudkyuk
pkfg,A
;fn ?kk;y dks lh<+h ds lgkjs uhps mrkjuk gS rks dHkh Hkh mldk flj uhps djds
ugha mrkjuk pkfg, cfYd mls fpr fyVkdj mlds flj ij dh vksj djds mrkjuk
pkfg,A
tc fdlh csgksk O;fDr dks lh<+h ds lgkjs mrkjuk gks rks ejht dks ihB ds cy
fyVk nsuk pkfg,] /;ku jgs mldk flj lh<+h ds rjQ jgsA Lo;a nks lh<+h uhps vkdj
vius gkFkksa dks ejht ds cxyksa ds uhps ls Mkydj bl izdkj mBk;sa fd ejht dk
flj vkids cktw ij fVd tk,] fQj /khjs&/khjs ejht dks uhps mrkjuk pkfg,A fQj
ml ?kk;y csgksk O;fDr dks f=e okal nsuk pkfg,A
;fn vki Lo;a Hkh dHkh cpkrs gq, vkx ;k /kq, ls Hkjs dejs esa f?kj tk,sa rks oSlh
ifjfLFkfr esa kkar gksdj lq>&cq> vkSj le>nkjh ls ml dejs ls ckgj fudyus dk
iz;kl djuk pkfg,A /kq, ls Hkjs dejs ls dHkh Hkh [kM+s gksdj ugha fudfy, cfYd
?kqVus ds cy uhps gksdj fudfy,A ;fn dHkh igyh eafty ds Nr ds lkekU; ekxZ
ij vkx yx tkrh gS rks lcls igys ml ekxZ dks can dj nsa yksgs dh vYekjh ;k
njokts ls fQj f[kM+dh ds lgkjs fudyus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A /;ku j[kuk

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ppkZ djsa
cpko dk;Z esa
laifk dh vis{kk
O;fDr dk egRo
231

pkfg, fd ftl
[kqys rkfd ,slk
eafty ij Qals
f[kM+dh ls ,d

f[kM+dh ls vki yksxksa dks fudky jgs gSa og f[kM+dh lM+d dh vksj
djrs ns[k ckgjh yksx Hkh enn ds fy, vk ldrs gSa ;k dHkh nwljh
gksa rks fdlh jLlh] /kksrh] inkZ] diM+k bR;kfn dks lksQ+k] iyax ;k
fljk cka/k nsa fQj nwljs fljs dks yVdkdj uhps mrjuk pkfg,A

47-8 Q+k;j Iyku &

gj izdkj dh lrdZrk ds lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkh vko;d gS fd vkoklh; Hkou ,oa
laLFkkxr Hkouksa esa vfXu nq?kZVuk ls fucVus ds fy;s igys ls gh ,d lqfufpr
;kstuk vFkkZr Q+k;j Iyku cuk yh tk, vkSj mlh ds vuqlkj dk;Z djsaA blls
nq?kZVuk gksus ij ?kcjkgV ,oa vkrad ugha QSysxk cfYd iw.kZ vkRefookl ds lkFk
dk;Z fd;k tk,xkA
blh izdkj vkS|ksfxd ,oa O;kikfjd izfrBkuksa] cM+s&cM+s jktdh; dk;kZy;ksa esa Hkh
,d fufpr Q+k;j Iyku cuk fy;k tk,A QLVZ ,M Q+k;j Q+kbfVax esa Vsa.M O;fDr;ksa
esa ls dqN dks Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ] dqN dks Q+k;j Q+kbVj ds :Ik esa fu;qDr dj fn;k
tk,] tks izfrBku esa dsoy vkx ls cpko ,oa vfXukeu ds izfr gh mRrjnk;h gksA
dqN O;fDr;ksa dks Q+k;j fczxsM dks lwpuk nsus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k tk, tks tkurs
gks fd Q+k;j fczxsM dks dSls tYn ls tYn lwpuk nsdj cqyk;k tk ldrk gSA
le;&le; ij vH;kl ds fy, vkx yxkdj ;kstuk dks ij[k fy;k tk,A dgha =qfV
gks rks mls nwj fd;k tk, A
;kstukc) rjhds ls vkx cq>kus ds fy, Q+k;j ikVhZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gS ftls
pkj ukeksa ls tkurs gSa
1234-

ppkZ djsa
Mseks& vfXu'keu]
Ckpko dk;Z]
Qk;j Iyku

xfrfof/k
izf'k{kd ds lkFk
feydj Qk;j
Iyku dk Mseks
vH;kl djsa
232

Q+k;j Q+kbZfVax ikVhZ & bldk dke dkj[kkus ds O;oLFkk ds eqrkfcd vfXukked
;a=ksa dk iz;ksx dj vkx cq>kuk gksrk gSA
Q+k;j fidsV ikVhZ & bl ny dk dke vkx ds pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjk Mkydj lHkh
rjg ds xfrfof/k;ksa ij utj j[+krs gq, lqjf{kr j[kuk gSA
Q+k;j lkWYost ikVhZ & vkx ls cps lkekuksa dks lqjf{kr LFkkuksa ij igqpkukA
First Aid Cum Rescue Party izkFkfed mipkj ,oa cpko ny& izkFkfed
mipkj ny ?kk;y O;fDr;ksa dks eyge iV~Vh yxkus dk dke ,oa cpko ny
thou j{kk dk dk;Z djrk gSA

47-9 Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dh ftEesnkjh&

Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ ds dU/kksa ij cgqr cM+h ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA viuh laLFkk esa vfXu
nq?kZVuk lEcU/kh izR;sd dk;Zokgh ds fy, og Lo;a ftEesnkj gksrk gS A
;fn izR;sd Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ fu;ksftr fu;ekuqlkj vius mRrjnkf;Ro dk ikyu
djrk jgs rks vfXu nq?kZVukvksa dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ ds ftEesnkjh
dks 4 Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA
v& izfrBku esa dk;Z vkjEHk gksus ls igys dh ftEesnkjhA
o& izfrBku esa dk;Z ds le; o dk;Z lekIr gksus ds ckn dh ftEesnkjhA
l& vfXunq?kZVuk gks tkus ij Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dh ftEesnkjhA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

n& LFkkuh; Q+k;j fczxsM ds igqWpus ij Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dh ftEesnkjhA

**d**& izfrBku esa dk;Z kq: gksus ls igys dh ftEesnkjh%&

Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ tkp djsa fd&

12345-

67-

lHkh vfXukked ;a= vius fu/kkZfjr LFkku ij j[ksa gq;s gSa ;k ughaA
os lgh gSa vkSj le; iM+us ij iz;ksx esa yk;s tk ldrs gSa ;k ughaA
bldh le;&le; ij ns[kHkky gksrh jgrh gS ;k ughaA
ikuh o ckyw dh ckfYV;ka Hkjh gqbZ Vaxh gS ;k [kkyhA
izfrBku ds dk;Z LFky ls lqjf{kr LFkku rd ckgj vkus ds ekxZ Bhd gSaA muesa
dksbZ vojks/k rks ugha ftlls fudyrs le; dfBukbZ gks ftls bejtsaUlh
,DthV ;k Q+k;j ,DthV dgk tkrk gSA
ikuh LVsfVd VSad vkfn esa ikuh Hkjk gqvk gS ;k ughaA
dksbZ ,slk [+krjk ftuls vkx yxus dh lEHkkouk gksA tSls lekuksa dk
vLr&O;Lr j[kk tkuk] fctyh cksMZ ds ikl dkxt ;k rsy dk gksukA bls
rqjar Bhd djsaA

**[k**&izfrBku esa dk;Z pyrs le; o dk;Z lekIr ds le; dh

ftEesnkjh &
1234-

uks Leksafdax ;k /kqeziku fuks/k okys LFkkuksa ij /kqeziku u djus nsukA

fctyh dh fpUkxkjh ;k xSl yhd dj jgk gks rks bldh tkudkjh lacaf/kr
vf/kdkjh dks ;Fkkkh?kz nsaA
dke djusokys deZpkfj;ksa ds ckgj tkus okys jkLrksa esa dksbZ vM+pu u gks]
vM+pu vkus ij mls ;Fkkkh?kz Bhd djok;saA
tyus okys nqxZU/k ;k LikdZ fn[kus ij rqjar dk;Zokgh djsaA

**x**& dk;Z lekIr gksus ij tkp dhft;s &

12-

tyrh gqbZ chM+h] flxjsV rFkk rhyh dk VqdM+k dgha Qsadk gqvk rks ugha gSA
dk;Z lekIRk gksrs gh dejs ds vanj dk bysDVhdy Lohp can dj fn;s x;s gSa
;k ughaA
3- lHkh dke djus okys LFkkuksa dh f[kM+fd;k o njokts vPNh rjg ykWd dj
fn;s x;s gSa ;k ughaA
4- lHkh vfXukked midj.k lqjf{kr LFkku ij j[ks gq, gSa ;k ughaaA
5- lHkh rkyksa dh pkfHk;k fu/kkZfjr LFkku ;k flD;qfjVh daVksy :e esa igqWp x;h
gSa ;k ughaA
mijksDr fok;ksa ij /;ku j[+krs gq, deh feyus ij mldks Bhd dj vius mPPk
vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr dj dk;Z lekIRk djsaA

**?k**& vfXu nq?kZVuk gksus ij Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dh ftEesnkjh &

1234-

vkx ns[+krs gh vkx&vkx fpYykuk ;k fofly ctkdj yksxksa dks lwfpr djukA
Q+k;j vykeZ ctkdj yksxksa dks lwfpr djukA
vfXukked ;a=ksa dk iz;ksx dj vkx dks c<+us ls jksdukA
rst xfr ls vkx c<+ jgh gks rks lacaf/kr LFkku dks ;Fkkkh?kz [kkyh djokuk
,oa lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks lqjf{kr LFkku ij igqpkuk] tgk vkx yxus dh

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ

ppkZ djsa
Qk;j fidsVikVhZ
ds vko';d dk;Z
233

56-

lEHkkouk u gksA
;fn LizhaDyj flLVe yxk gqvk gS ,oa dqfyax dh vko;drk gS rks bldk
iz;ksx rRdky djsaA
mijksDr dk;Zokgh ls vkx ughaa cq> ik jgh rks Q+k;j LVsku@Q+k;j fczxsM dks
vius flfu;j inkf/kdkjh ds vknsk feyus ij lwfpr dj cqykukA

**p**& ?kVukLFky ij Q+k;j fczxsM ds igwWpus ij Q+k;j lqj{kkdehZ dh

ftEes n kjh
12345678-

Q+k;j fczxsM dks vkx ds lehi igqWpus ds fy, lgh jkLrs cuok;saA
Q+k;j fczxsM dks ;Fkkkh?kz vkx ds lehi igqpk;saA
vkx ds LFkku ds ckjsa esa tkudkjh j[kukA
dkj[kkus ds vanj j[ks x;s vfXukeu ;a=ksa ,oa tyL=ksrksa ds ckjs esa Q+k;j
fczxsM dks tkudkjh nsukA
vkx cq>krs le; Q+k;j nLRkk dks enn igqpkukA
vfXu nq?kZVuk okys LFkkuksa ij HkhM+ dk teko u gksus nsukA
tyus ls cpk;s x;s lkexzh dks lqjf{kr LFkkuksa ij j[kokuk ,oa /;ku j[kukA
vkx cq> tkus ij lHkh vfXukeu ;a=ksa dks O;ofLFkr rjhds ls j[kuk ,oa Q+k;j
fcxzzsM dks enn igqpkukA

47-10 lkjkak
ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk ekuo dh Hkw[k Hkh c<+rh x;h] vkt ekuo
tYn ls tYn mu lHkh apkbZ;ksa dks ikus ds fy, ykykf;r gks x;k gS ftldh og
dYiuk djrk gS vkSj blh Hkkxe~Hkkx vkSj ,d nwljs ls vkxs fudyus ds gksM+ esa
bruk O;Lr gks x;k gS fd yk[k lko/kkfu;ksa ds ckotwn muls NksVh&NksVh
vlko/kkfu;k gks gh tkrh gS ftuls vkx yxus tSlh Hk;adj ?kVuk Hkh ?kfVr gks
tkrh gSA blfy, izR;sd lqj{kkdehZ dk nkf;Ro curk gWS fd bl izdkj dh fdlh Hkh
vkx ds irk yxrs gh Rofjr dk;Zokgh djsa rkfd Hk;adj ?kVuk ?kfVr gksus ls jksdk
tk ldsA

47-11 izukoyh

234

1-

vkx ij fu;a=.k djus ds iwoZ dkSu&dkSu lh tkudkjh egRoiw.kZ gS fdUghaa ikap

fcUnqvksa dk ft djsa \

2-

njoktk ;k f[kM+dh [kksyus ls igys rFkk dejs esa ?kqlus ls igys gesa
fdUk&fdu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,\

3-

os dkSu&dkSu ls inkFkZ gS ftuij ikuh dk iz;ksx djuk [+krjukd gS\

4-

izfrBku esa dk;kZjEHk ls igys] dk;Z pyrs le; vkSj dk;Z lekfIr ij vkx ds
laca/k esa ,d lqj{kkdehZ dk D;k dkZO; gksrk gS\ fdUgha ikap dk ft djsaA

5-

vfXu nq?kZVuk gksus ij rFkk Q+k;j fczxsM ds igqpu ij lqj{kkdehZ dk D;k

dkZO; gksrk gS\ fdUghaa ikap dk mYys[k djsaA

lqj{kk foKku A flD;ksfjVh xkMZ