Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts

Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts

Mathematics 54Elementary Analysis 2
Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines-Diliman
1/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Consider
d
dx
[uv] = u
dv
dx
+v
du
dx
u
dv
dx
=
d
dx
[uv] v
du
dx
udv = d(uv) vdu
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Integration by Parts (IBP)
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
_
b
a
udv = uv]
b
a

_
b
a
vdu
2/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 1. Find
_
xe
x
dx.
To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u
and dv:
u =x, dv =e
x
dx
u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
u =e
x
, dv =xdx
u =xe
x
, dv =dx
3/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx =
x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 1:
u =x dv =e
x
dx
du =dx v =e
x
+K
We can set K =0.
_
xe
x
dx = x(e
x
+K)
. .
uv

_
(e
x
+K)dx
. .
vdu
= xe
x
+Kx
_
e
x
dx
_
Kdx
= xe
x
+Kxe
x
Kx+C
= xe
x
e
x
+C
4/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx
(difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =
e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx
(complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =
x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx
(complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Other choices of u and dv for
_
xe
x
dx
Choice 2: u =1, dv =xe
x
dx (difcult to integrate)
Choice 3:
u =e
x
dv =xdx
du =e
x
dx v =
x
2
2

_
xe
x
dx =e
x
_
x
2
2
_

__
x
2
2
_
e
x
dx (complicated)
Choice 4:
u =xe
x
dv =dx
du =(e
x
+xe
x
)dx v = x.

_
xe
x
dx =x
2
e
x

_
x(e
x
+xe
x
)dx (complicated)
5/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Choosing u and dv
Remarks.
The idea of IBP is to express a difcult integral in terms of an
easier one.
A wise choice for u is one that is simpler when differentiated,
and for dv is one that is readily integrated.
6/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Choosing u and dv
Remarks.
The idea of IBP is to express a difcult integral in terms of an
easier one.
A wise choice for u is one that is simpler when differentiated,
and for dv is one that is readily integrated.
6/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Choosing u and dv
Remarks.
The idea of IBP is to express a difcult integral in terms of an
easier one.
A wise choice for u is one that is simpler when differentiated,
and for dv is one that is readily integrated.
6/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
Choosing u and dv
Remarks.
The idea of IBP is to express a difcult integral in terms of an
easier one.
A wise choice for u is one that is simpler when differentiated,
and for dv is one that is readily integrated.
6/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 2. Find
_
x
3

x+1dx.
Let
u =x dv =
3

x+1dx
du =dx v =
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
_
x
3

x+1dx =
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

_
3
4
(x+1)
4/3
dx
=
3
4
x(x+1)
4/3

9
28
(x+1)
7/3
+C
7/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =
xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8
Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts
_
udv =uv
_
vdu
Example 3. Find
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx.
Let
u =tan
1
x dv =dx
du =
1
x
2
+1
dx v =x.
_
1
0
tan
1
xdx =xtan
1
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
x
x
2
+1
dx
= xtan
1
x
_
1
0

1
2
ln|x
2
+1|
_
1
0
=
_
1 tan
1
10 tan
1
0
_

1
2
(ln2ln1)
=

4
0
1
2
ln2+0
=

4

1
2
ln2
8/ 8