Figure 33.1. Design and operation of a BCI system (modified from Wolpaw et al.

, 2002; head image from www.BrainConnection. com). Electrophysiological signals reflecting brain activity are acquired from the scalp, from the cortical surface, or from within the brain and are processed to measure specific signal features (such as amplitudes of evoked potentials or EEG rhythms or firing rates of single neurons) that reflect the user s intent. These features are translated into commands that operate a device, such as a word-processing program, a wheelchair, or a neuroprosthesis.