OPERATIONS

1. INTERPRET - Determining which operation to use 2. COMPUTE - Calculating the solution

3. ALGEBRA - Generalisation
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 1

INTERPRETATION
1. MEANING OF THE OPERATIONS 2. SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS

Aim: To develop a rich concept for each operation

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

ADDITION & SUBTRACTION MODELS

SET
2+3=5
6-4=2

LENGTH
2+3=5 6-4=2
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 3

MEANINGS OF ADDITION
1. JOINING

2. TAKE-AWAY
3. COMPARISON 4. PART-PART-TOTAL

Addition is when you know the parts and want the total
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 4

MEANINGS OF SUBTRACTION
1. TAKE-AWAY

2. JOINING
3. COMPARISON 4. PART-PART-TOTAL

Subtraction is when you know the total and want a part

Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 5

MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION MODELS

SET
3X4=12

LENGTH
5X3=15

ARRAY
4X7=28
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 6

MEANINGS OF MULTIPLICATION
1. COMBINING EQUAL GROUPS

2. BACKWARD DIVISION
3. COMPARISON

4. PART-PART-PRODUCT
Multiplication is when you know the parts and want the product
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 7

MEANINGS OF DIVISION
1. SHARING & GROUPING

2. BACKWARD MULTIPLICATON
3. COMPARISON

4. PART-PART-PRODUCT
Division is when you know the product and want a part
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 8

INTRODUCING OPERATIONS
1. STORIES, EVERYDAY LANGUAGE MODELS
There were 2 ducks on the pond, 3 flew down to join them, how many ducks on the pond in total?

3 ducks and 2 ducks makes 5 ducks

Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 9

INTRODUCING OPERATIONS
2. QUESTIONS INFORMAL LANGUAGE INFORMAL RECORDING
How many ducks on the pond? How many ducks in the air? How many ducks in total? 3 2 5 3 and 2 5

3 and 2 makes 5

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

10

INTRODUCING OPERATIONS
3. QUESTIONS FORMAL LANGUAGE FORMAL RECORDING
How many in the pond part? How many in the air part? How many in the total? 3 +2 5

3 plus 2 equals 5

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

11

INTERPRETING WORD PROBLEMS

1. DETERMINE WHETHER PROBLEM IS:

ADDITION/SUBTRACTION OR MULTIPLICATION/DIVISION?
2. DETERMINE WHETHER TOTAL/PRODUCT IS: UNKNOWN OR KNOWN?
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 12

COMPUTATION
1. BASIC FACTS

2. PROCEDURE FOR ACCURACY TO 1000 WITHOUT CALCULATOR 3. CALCULATORS/ESTIMATION

Aim: To develop a wide variety of strategies

Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 13

BASIC FACT STRATEGIES

1. ADDITION/SUBTRACTION - Count on - Turn arounds - Near doubles - Families - Near 10 - Think addition 2. MULTIPLICATION/DIVISION - Patterns - Turn arounds - Connections - Families - Think multiplication
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 14

ADD/SUBTRACT COMPUTATION
1. EXTENSION OF BASIC FACTS

2. SEPARATION (Partitioning) - Right to left (Pen & Paper) - Left to right

3. AGGREGATION (Sequencing) 4. WHOLISTIC (Compensation)

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

15

MULTIPLY/DIVIDE COMPUTATION
1. EXTENSION OF BASIC FACTS

2. FACTORING
3. SEPARATION (Partitioning/Partial products) 4. WHOLISTIC (Compensation)

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

16

ESTIMATION STRATEGIES
1. FRONT END

2. ROUNDING
3. STRADDLING 4. GETTING CLOSER

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

17

ALGEBRA
1. PATTERNS

2. CHANGE/TRANSFORMATION
3. EQUIVALENCE 4. EQUATION

Malaysia pres 10.4.03

Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT

18

PATTERNS
1. PATTERN RULES - repeating sections - sequential - position 2. GENERALISATION 1, 4, 7, 10, . - sequential T1=1, Tn=Tn-1+3 - position Tn=3n-2
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 19

CHANGE
1. ARROWMATH +3 x4 -6 4 7 28 22 2. BACKTRACKING +3 x4 /4 -3 4 7 28 28 7 4 3. GENERALISATION 4(x + 3) = 28 equals is a two way change
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 20

EQUIVALENCE/EQUATION
1. EQUALS IS SAME VALUE AS NOT PLACE TO PUT THE ANSWER OR DO SOMETHING 2. IN EQUATIONS, EQUALS IS BALANCE 3. BALANCE MUST BE KEPT DO SAME THING TO BOTH SIDES 4(x + 3) = 28 /4 (x + 3) = 7 -3 x=3
Malaysia pres 10.4.03 Cooper & Baturo MSTE QUT 21