Predisposing Factors: 11 Genetics, Age, Gender, Race

Precipitating Factors: Stress, Obesity, Nutrients, Substance abuse, DM, Kidney Disorder

Chronic Inflammation

Over-activity of SNS

RAAS Dysfunction

production of catecholamine
(Epinephrine & Norepinephrine)

Heart Rate Vascular Resistance

Renin

Angiotensin

Insulin resistance

Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Sodium and Water Retention

Glucose

Vascular changes Blood Volume

Atherosclerosis

Hypertension
Tissue Ischemia

End Organ Dysfunction

Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Angiotensin II

Sodium and Water Retention

Hypertrophy of myocardium associated to hypertension

Vascular remodelling
Weak blood vessels

Platelet aggregation

Endothelial dysfunction

Atherosclerosis

endomethelin
(vasoconstrictor)

nitric oxcide
(vasodilator)

Smooth muscle contraction

Tissue Ischemia

Anaerobic metabolism

Lactic Acid fomation

Pain

Heart

Kidney

Brain

Eyes

Arterial vessels of lower extremities

Chest pain

Urine output

Mayocardial ischemia, MI

Chronic Kidney Disease

Head ache, dizziness, fatigue, changes in mentation, sensorium and neurologic status

Blurring of vision, double vision, and other visual anomalies

Claudication, painful sensation,

Gangrene Retinal Vascular sclerosis, Loss of Vision

Stroke, Transient ischemic attack, Acute brain infarction, Cerebral thrombosis, aneurysm

Death