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t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

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atmif vkyfvkdY&Ekdifao;w,f/ ckawmh yl-jzpfoGm;NyD/

10

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

ylqkdwm vl&JU qefYusifzufuG/ 'DrSiat; vukd

a[m'Dvdk tvnfwnhfwnhfu uGif;NyD; a[m'Dvkd 2acsmif;iifrS vljzpfrmS ayghu}G } vkYd vljzpfatmif a&;enf;
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vrf;aMumif;cif;ay;awmf rlcJhygw,f/
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vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

11

vl w pf a ,muf & J U arG ; aeY t ppf q d k w m ]]tl 0 J

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t&nftaoG;tm;jzihf b,fvkd vlwef;pm;qkdwm
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oa&m &SdvSr,fr[kwfygbl;/
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aeygw,f/

12

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

t&G,f[m 'DbufuMunhf&if BuD;vmayr,hf

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vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

13

t&G , f u aqG ; ajrh , d k , G i f ; tk d r if ; vmawmh

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14

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

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f ,f/ ]]bke;f bke;f
bk&m; taztarwkdYajymovdk w&m;&Snf&Snfra[m
ygeJYbk&m;? wynhfawmf oli,fcsif;awGvm&if {nfhcH
&OD;rSmbk&m;/ w&m;&Sn&f n
S af [m&ifvnf; remEkid yf gbl;
w&m;[m wkw
d ydk aJ umif;ygw,f/ a[m'DaiG (10000)
vnf; bkef;bkef;,lyg/ w&m;vnf; twkdqHk;a[myg}}
vdY k vmbfx;d k Ny;D w&m;tavsmch id k ;f ygw,f/ bke;f Bu;D uvnf;
]]uJ armifyef;pdef vmbfawmhrxkd;ygeJY jyef,loGm;yg/

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

15

rif;pdwfwkdif;usjzpfap&ygr,f}} vdkY ajymNyD; olYvmbf

aiGudk twif;jyefay;vdu
k &f w,f/ taumif;&JU wefz;kd
udk olurod&Smawmh taumif;ukd tzkd;tcay;NyD;
awmifrS tavsmhcdkif; ae&Smw,f/
w&m;a[mwJ h bk e f ; BuD ; uawmh umva'o
yk*vukd csihfcsdefNyD; ESpfzufvHk; tqifajyatmif
rwkdr&Snf vdk&if; xdrdHkuav;yJ a[may;vdkuf
ygw,f/ wkdwm &Snfwmvkd&if;r[kwfyJ ypfvkduf&if
rSefoGm;zkdYyJ r[kwfvm;/ rSefoGm;awmhvnf; ESpfzufp
vHk; NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;eJYyg/
tod r pif M u,f a o;wJ h yk x k Z Of vl q k d w m
taMumif;tusK;d ESpcf ,
k OS Nf yKd iv
f m&if taMumif;w&m;
ukd aps;qpfrdwwfw,f/ tavQmhcdkif;wwfw,f/
tcsdefqGJ aemufcsefaewwfw,f/ av;vHwJh 0efxkyf
0efydk;BuD;vdkY xifaerdwwfw,f/ taumif;&JU wefzkd;
Bu;D rm;yHu
k dk em;rvnfawmh armifyef;pdev
f ydk J wu,f
tm;ukd;&r,hf taumif;w&m;ukd tzkd;tcay;NyD;
tavQmhcdkif;rdwwfw,f/ aumif;usKd;w&m;usawmh
rsm;rsm;vnf; vkdcsifw,f? jrefjrefvnf; vkdcsifw,f?

16

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

rsm;av BudKufavjrefav oabmusavyJ? t&Sd

twdkif;ay;wmudkawmifrS enf;w,fxifNyD; twkd;
tjrihfckdif;csifvmwwfw,f/
taMumif;eJYtusKd; uGif;csif;qufrdatmif EIdif;
,SOfwkdif;wmEkdifwJh todPf txl;vkdtyfygw,f/
w&m;rsm;rsm; em,lay;rS w&m;pmrsm;rsm; zwfI
avh v may;rS tod Pf p if M u,f wwf y gw,f /
vlcY EmrSm todPfxnfo
h iG ;f ay;p&mu em;eJY rsupf d
ESpfaygufyJ &Sdwmyg/
taMumif;eJYtusKd;ukd tzkd;tcykdufqHeJY ypnf;vdk
yJ em;vnfoabmaygufoihfygw,f/ ypnf;rsKd;pHk
a&mif;cswhJ ukepf q
kH idk x
f o
J mG ;Ny;D aps;0,fwt
hJ cg uk,
d fh
vufxJ&SdwJh (500) wef puLav; wpf&GufukdifNyD;
aomif;wef? odef;wefypnf;awGukd aps;qpf0,f
ae&if tl;yJtajymcH&r,f/ qkdif&SifBudrf;armif;wm
vnf; cH&r,f/ aiG 10odef; avmufygoGm;&if 'Daps;
xJ&SdwJh ypnf;BudKufwm a&G;0,fHkyJ r[kwfvm;/
aumif;usKd;rsm;rsm;vkdcsif&if aumif;wmrsm;rsm;
vkyfay;&r,f/ jrefjrefvdkcsif&if vQifjrefzswfvwf Ekd;

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

17

Mum;pGmeJY vufO;D atmif cyfow

k o
f w
k v
f yk af y; &rSmyg/
aumif;rI[m aumif;rIrSef;odwkef;av; BudK;pm;ay;rS
wGifrSmjzpfw,f/
]]ukov}} qkdwJh ygVdpum;udk ]]ukodkvf}} vdkY
ygVdysuaf c:aeMuwmyg/ w&m;eJx
Y u
kd w
f efatmif pdwf
aumif;rSom &Ekid w
f mjzpfvYkd ]]aumif;rI}} vkv
Yd nf; ac:
ygw,f/ wkdufkdufem;vnfatmif ajym&&ifawmh vlY
pGrf;tm; vlYwefzkd;? vlYt&Sdeft0gvkdY ac:ygw,f/
ykxkZOf&JU pdwf[m avmb? a'go? arm[
atmufrSm trsm;qHk; jym;jym;0yfae&wmjzpfvdkY ukd,f
ykdifpGrf;tm; wefcdk;t&Sdeft0g tvGefenf;yg; aewwf
ygw,f/ ukd,hfpdwfukd ae&mwus roHk;jzpfyJ tvGJoHk;
pm;vkyfrdvdkY aygufuGJoGm;NyD; rIrvSqif;&JoGm; wwf
ygw,f/ owdPftxdef;aumif;rSyJ pGrf;tm;ukd
ykdifqdkifcGifh&rSmyg/
ta&twGuf tm;jznhfpGuf
avmuwGif;rSm? t&m&m? &yfwmbmrS r&SdMu/
pdwfrygvnf;? r&yfbJ? tNrJa&wGuf&/
pGrf;tm;ryg? a&p&m? vGefpGmaMumufvefY&/

18

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

pGrf;tm;jynhfum? a&p&m? aumif;pGmtm;&SdvS/

pdwfukdoefYum? aumif;pGmvHkap? tm;wuf
ap? ta&twGuf? tm;jznfhpGuf? [muGuf
jynh f E k d i f M u/
avmurSm bmwpfckrS&yfraeMuawmh ta&
twGuq
f w
dk m tNr&J adS erSmyJ/ pdwyf gyg rygyg aeYwidk ;f
tNraJ &wGuf ae&rSmyg/ aevawGuvnf;r&yf? tcsed f
em&D a wG u vnf ; r&yf ? cE m uvnf ; r&yf ? jyKjyif
auR;arG;aewmuvnf;r&yf? r&yfyJ vIyf&Sm;ae&o
avmuf ta&twGufuvnf; wkd;aerSmyg/
vl Y b 0wpf o uf w m[m *Pef ; aygif ; puf e J Y
wGuf&avmufatmif rrsm;ayr,hf vl&JUtrsKd;pHkvSwJh
ta&twGufawGuawmh *Pef;aygif;pufeJY vdkuf
wGufvdkYrrSDEkdifavmufatmif rsm;jym;vSygw,f/
tJ ' D r sm;jym;vS w J h vl Y t a&twG u f a wG u d k w&m;
pGrf;tm;yHkpHeJY tuefYvdkuf okdrSD;odrf;qnf;ay;EkdifzkdY
owdPfqkdwJh tcsdefxdef;? tmHkxdef;? pdwfxdef;
ud&d,mvkdtyfygw,f/

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

19

vlYta&twGuf[m t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&

twGuf? t&nftaoG;ygwJh ta&twGufvdkY (2)rsKd;&Sd
ygw,f/ o'gowdtodrygolawG&UJ BuKd ;pm;vIy&f mS ;rI
tm;vHk; t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&twGufcsnf;yJ?
t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&twGufu ukd,hfukdjyefNcdrf;
ajcmufwmjzpfvdkY &Sdoavmuf? wkd;vmoavmuf?
aMumuf&w,f? pdwfoefY pdwfvHkukd roHk;Ekdif&if
t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&twGufawGcsnf; jzpfae
w,f/ olYtwGuf wm0efausatmif ta&twGuf
jznhfay;Ekdifayr,hf ukd,hfzufuawmh wm0efrausyJ
tcGHcsnf; a&ae&rSmyg/
o'geJo
Y efY owdeo
YJ rkd ;DS odr;f qnf;xm;wJh pdwo
f efY
pd w f v H k u d k 0D & d , eJ Y w G J N yD ; oH k ; Ek d i f & if a wmh t&nf
taoG;ygwJh ta&twGufcsnf; jzpfaer,f/ b0
tESpfawGcsnf; wkd;aerSm jzpfw,f/ ukodkvfvkyfw,f
qkdwm tcGHcsnf;a&wGufaer,hftpm; ta&twGuf
awGxrJ mS t&nftaoG;xnfo
h iG ;f ay;&wJh tvkyyf g/
ukefqHk;,kwfavsmhoGm;wJh ta&twGufxJrSm [m
uGufjynhfatmif tm;jznhfpGufay;jcif;vnf; jzpfyg

20

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

w,f/ ukeo
f mG ;wJah e&mrSm tm;jznfph u
G af y;Ekid w
f mu
w&m;uvGv
J Ykd bmrSr&Syd gbl;/ a,musmf ;yJjzpfjzpf rde;f r
yJ jzpfjzpf pdwfoefYpdwfvHkukd oHk;EkdifrSyJ [muGufjynhf
rSmyg/ w&m;pkaqmif;a&; tykdif;rSm pdwfcGeftm;om
y"meyg/ t&nftaoG;ygwJh ta&twGufuawmh
&Sdoavmuf udk,hfukd tmrcH wm0ef,loGm;MupNrJyg/
zk d ; pH E S i f h z G m ;pH
zkd;pHESihfzGm;pHqkdwJh ZeD;armifESH ESpfa,muf&Sdw,f/
ESpaf ,mufv;kH &JU emrnfrmS ]]pH}}ygwJah Mumihf zd;k pH zGm;pH
vkdYac:wmyg/ emrnftjynfhtpHkuawmh ]]OD;pHNzdK;}} eJY
]]a':pHaESmif;}} yg/ i,fi,fup trsm;u ]]armifpH}}
]]rpH}} vkdYac:cJhMuw,f/ i,fi,fup touf(60)xd
0efxrf;tvkyfvkyfcJhMuw,f/ w&m;ukd vHk;0pdwfr0if
pm;Mubl;/ trsm;u ]][JharmifpHwkdYrpHwkdY? ukdpHwkdYrpH
wkdY? OD;pHwkdY a':pHwkdY w&m;remMuao;bl;vm;?
ukokdvf rvkyfMuao;bl;vm;}}vdkYar;awmh ]]touf
60 jynhfvkdY tNidrf;pm;,lcg vkyfrSmyg}} vdkYajzMu
w,f/ tcsdefwkdif; tcGHawGcsnf; a&wGufae&w,f/

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

21

60jynhfvdkY tNidrf;pm;,lMuawmhvnf; bmukodkvfrS

rvkyfjzpfMuygbl;/ b,fw&m;ukdrS pdwfr0ifpm;MuvkdY
toufBuD;vkdY tylwkd;wmuvGJNyD; bmt&nftaoG;
rS ay:rvmawmhyg/
touf (70)avmufa&mufawmh ESpfa,mufvHk;
owdvGwfNyD; oli,fjyefvmMuNyD? ajr;awG&JU tdrfrSm
ESpaf ,muftwlaeMuawmh zd;k pHu &efpvku
d f zGm;pHu
&efpvku
d ef YJ ylyal vmifavmifeYJ tcsed u
f ek af eMuw,f/
w&m;bm0emyGm;rsm;&r,hf t&G,frSm b0emukefMu
ygw,f/
wpfcsdefrSmzGm;pHu zkd;pHukd ]]eifbmrS rodwwf
bl ; }} vdkY ajymvkdufrdawmh zkd;pHpdwfqkd;NyD; ]][JhzGm;pH
'DrSm awmifa0S;jrif&JUvm;? awmifa0S;eJY csvdkuf
&rvm;}} vdYk awmifa0S;ukid f ku
d zf v
Ydk u
kd w
f ,f/ zGm;pHu
]][J h z k d ; pH eif h r S m omawmif a 0S ; &S d w m r[k w f b l ; ?
ighrSmvnf; awmifa0S;eJY[Jh? ihgukdbmrSwfwHk;}} vdkY
awmifa0S;eJYkdufzkdY jyefvdkufawmh zkd;pHu tdrftay:
xyf avSum;u atmufukdqif;ajy;w,f/ avSum;
ay:u 'vdrhfacgufauG;vdrfhusawmh ajcvufawG

22

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

usKd;yJh acgif;uGJ 'Pf&mawGjyif;jyif; xefxef&oGm;&Sm

w,f/ ajr;awGajy;vmNyD; ]]tzkd;wkdY tzGm;wkdY bmvkdY
'Dt&G,fa&mufrS 'Davmufa'goBuD;aeMu&wmvJ}}
vk d Y a jymawmh zk d ; pH eJ Y zG m ;pH w k d Y u ]]ol u pwm}}
]]olupwm}}eJY a'goeJY wpfvSnhfpD ajzaeMuw,f/
70 ausmf zk;d pH[m 'D'Pf&mawGeyYJ J rMumcif uG,v
f eG f
cJh&&Smw,f/ zGm;pHuawmh 90 ausmfxd quftouf
&Snfaew,f/ 'gayr,hf ta&twGufyJ &Sdygw,f/
bmt&nftaoG;rS r&Sdygbl;/ owdvGwfvdkY todao
ae&if tl;ygyJ/
touf&SnfwJh tzGm;qkdNyD; wcsKdUuvufaqmif
vmay;Muw,f/ wcsKdUu vufaqmifay;Hkrubl;
ar;ao;w,f ]]tzGm;bmvkdao;vJ}} qkdawmh ]]em;
qG J u av; qG J B ud K ;uav; rd w f u yf a ygif ' gav;
0,f a y;MuyguG , f } } vk d Y q k d N yD ; [uf [ uf y uf y uf
&,fw,f/ &,f&mu csKH;csidkw,f/ 0dkif;Munhfae&ol
awGu tzGm;BuD; oli,fjyefaerSef; odoGm;MuNyD/
oli,fjyefqkdwm pum;,OfatmifoHk;wm/ wdkufkduf
uawmh ]]tzGm;BuD;l;aeNyD}} vkdY ajymvkdwm/ kyftdk&if

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

23

wkwfawmifa0S; udkif&ovkd pdwftkdvmawmhvnf;

owdawmifa0S; NrNJ ru
J idk x
f m;rS r,dr;f r,kid f pdwBf uchH ikd f
NyD; cka&m aemifygpdwfat;&rSmyg/
kyftdkayr,hf pdwfrtkdapeJY
wpfcgwke;f u a':jrqkw
d hJ 'umrBu;D wpfa,muf
&JU touf 90jynhf arG;aeY tvSLvkyw
f ,f/ toufBu;D
ayr,hf owdaumif;aeao;vkdY tvSLukd pdwftm;
xufoefpGmeJY vkyfaewmukd tm;&zG,fawGU&ygw,f/
ol Y u d k ]]'umrBuD ; 'D t &G , f a &muf v mawmh
'umrBuD;&JU cEmrSm aumif;wmqkdvkdY bmawGrsm;
usefao;ovJ}} vkdY ar;Munfhawmh ]]wynfhawmf
cEmrSm ,ckaumif;wm bmwpfckrSrusef r&Sdawmhyg
bl; bk&m;/ em;vnf;raumif;? rsufpdvnf;raumif;?
pm;&aomuf&? oGm;&vm&? xdik &f x&wm bmwpfcrk S
raumif;awmhbl; bk&m;/ tkd&wm qif;&JvScsnfvm;
bk&m;}} vkdY nnf;wGm;NyD; ajz&Smw,f/ ]]'umrBuD;
aumif;wm wpfckawmh csefxm;ygOD;}} ]]t&Sifbk&m;
bmrSukd raumif;awmhwmbk&m;}} ]]pdwfaumif;wpf

24

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

ckawmhcsex
f m;ygOD;av/ pdwaf umif;rS w&m;tazmfeYJ
aysmfaysmfBuD;twlae&rSmaygh/ a':jrqkdwm at;jrwJh
oabm? tzkd;wefwJhoabmukd aqmifwmjzpfvkdY
emrnfeJY vkdufavsmatmif o'geJY pdwfaumif;atmif
oefY&Sif;? owdeJYxdef;? 0D&d,eJY axmufuefBudK;pm;yg/
w&m;qkw
d m pdwcf eG t
f m; t"duyg}} vkYd tm;ay;pum;
ajymay;awmh pdwftm; wuf<uvmwmawGU&w,f/
w&m;xufomwJh pdwcf eG t
f m;qkw
d mr&Syd u
J ;dk / ]]wynhf
awmfr&JU kyfcEmBuD; tkdcsifovdk tdkyapawmhbk&mh?
tkdHkru NydKvJcsif vJyapawmhbk&mh? pdwfawmh tvJ
rcHbl; bk&m;/ owdeJYxdef;? 0D&d,eJY axmufuefxm;
awmhr,f bk&m;/ oli,frjyef&atmif IrSwfae
r,fbk&mh}} ]]aumif;w,f aumif;w,f? tJ'grsKd;udk
]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} vdkYac:ygw,f/
vl Y b 0*k P f & nf
a,musfm;yJjzpfjzpf rdef;ryJjzpfjzpf b,folrqkd
vlYb0*kPf&nf 6csufeJY jynhfpHkrSyJ a'gifa'gifjrnf
tzkd;wefvlom;wpfa,muf jzpfvmEkdifrSmyg/

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

25

(1) w&m;&wemaMumESiafh wGU&rS vl&UJ vkyyf idk cf iG fh

udk pdwfBudKufoHk;cGihf&NyD; vl&JUcHpm;cGihfudkvnf; tqifh
jrifjh rihf &,lEidk cf iG &hf w
dS mjzpfvYdk bk&m;omoemeJY awGU&
wm[m wu,fpdwfat;p&m aumif;vSwJh vlYb0
*kPf&nfyg/ omoem&SdwJh acwftcgrSm vljzpf&wm
[m oufwrf;b,favmuf wkw
d ,fyaJ jymajym vlpY rG ;f
&nfukd tuken
f p x
f w
k Nf y;D oH;k Ekid w
f mjzpfvYdk tm;&Spd &m
taumif;qHk;jzpfygw,f/
(2) ykxkZOfqkdwm t0dZmwPSmBudK; 2acsmif;eJY
vmcJw
h mvnf;jzpf? qif;&JrsK;d pHek YJ vH;k axG;cJ&h wmvnf;
jzpfvkdY w&m;eJYqufoG,fa&;jywfoGm;wwfygw,f/
ukd,fh[mudk,ftay:udkvnf; ruufEkdif? a&SUudkvnf;
roGm;wwfygbl;/ 'gaMumihf aMumif;usKd;jyNyD; w&m;eJY
qufoG,fay;wwfwJh rdbq&morm;aumif;pwJh
qufo,
G af &;wm0efcaH wGeYJ awGUBuKH ciG &hf zkYd ta&;Bu;D
ygw,f/ ykxZk Of[m ud,
k [
fh mud,
k f rEkid af o;orQ uk,
d fh
tay: MoZmajimif;wJt
h xde;f ? wGe;f tm;? vrf;Tet
f NrJ
&Sdae&ygw,f/ trSDaumif;&&if vrf;ajzmihfoGm;wwf
wmrkYd trSaD umif;ukd &&Sjd cif;[mvnf; wu,ftm;&Spd

26

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

&maumif;wJh vlYb0*kPf&nfyg/
(3) w&m;&Sw
d ahJ e&m b,fuo
k v
kd rf qkt
d csed rf a&G;
vkycf iG &hf w
dS ahJ e&mrSm ae&mwmvnf; *kP,
f zl aYdk umif;wJh
vlYb0*kPf&nfyg/ urmhtv,frSm jrefrmjynfaezkdY
aysmfzkdYaumif;w,fqkdwm tJ'Dwwd,vlYb0 *kPf
&nfaMumihyf g/ b0toH;k csynm b0aeenf;ynmrsm;
ukd oif,lemMum; avhvmcGihf&w,f/ vlYtodukd wpf
b0eJY abmifrcwfxm;yJ oHo&maemifa&; b0vGwf
ajrmufa&;twGufyg wGufcsuf arQmfac:wwfatmif
jrihfwifay;wwfw,f/
(4) rsupf d em;pwJh t*FgBu;D i,fjynhpf w
kH hJ use;f rm
oefpGrf;wJh kyfykdif;qkdif&m cEmwnfaqmufrIeJYvnf;
jynhpf &kH r,f/ ykxZk Of[m okwrygbJ todx;l udk r&Ekid f
wmjzpfvYdk txl;tm;jzifh okwqufo,
G af &; wyfqif
zkdY rsufpd em; aumif;rGefzkdY vdktyfygw,f/
(5) w&m;udktjynhf vufcHEdkifavmufatmif
vdrmoGufvuf xufjrufxl;cRefwJh pdwfykdif;qkdif&m
cEmwnfaqmufrI jynhpf zkH v
Ydk nf; txl;vkt
d yfygw,f/
o'gowd 0D&,
d ynmpwJh pGr;f tm;rsm;eJY jynhpf rkH v
S nf;

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

27

pdwpf rG ;f tm;ukd jri w

fh iftoH;k csciG fh &Ekid rf mS yg/ pdwyf idk ;f
qkdif&m pGrf;tm;eJY xdef;ray;Ekdif&if kyfykdif;qkdif&m
cEmwnfaqmufrIeJY kyf0wK jynhfpHkrI tm;vHk;[m
aysm&f iT cf sr;f omatmif tmrcHEikd pf rG ;f r&Sad wmhyJ tcsed f
ra&G; rD;xawmuf aygufuGJ jymusoGm;Ekdifygw,f/
(6) vlqkdwm ukokdvfuH t&if;cH pGrf;tm;eJY
vmcJh&wmjzpfvkdY ukokdvfeJY tqufrjywf cHvkdYr&yg/
ukokdvfqkdwm ukd,hfpdwfukdEkdifrS &EkdifwJh vlYwefcdk;
tppfyg/ vljzpfvsufeJY ukokdvfpdwfr0ifpm;&if vlYae
&m vlYvrf;aMumif;ay:u jyefqif;&rSm {uefyg/
tylxkyfBuD;rsm;jzpfwJh pm;0wfaea&;? pD;yGm;a&;?
vlrIa&;udp tm;vHk;[m ukodkvfwefckd;eJY xdef;ay;Ekdif
rS Nidrf;at;rSmyg/ uHaxmufay;rSvnf; BuHhckdifrSmyg/
tmHk zdp;D rI 'kuo
ufomNy;D cka&maemifyg pdwaf t;&
rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m vlYb0*kPf&nf 6 csufyg/
vl&UJ wu,hpf rG ;f tm; tppfqw
dk m w&m;yg/ ta&;
BuHKvm&if ukd,fhbufu r,drf;r,dkif &yfwnfrSmu
vnf; w&m;wpfckwnf;yg/ vlukdEkdifwmu avmu?
avmuukdEkdifwmu w&m;? w&m;udkEkdifwmu owd

28

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

ynmyg/ 'ghaMumihf w&m;ukdEkdifwJh owdynmukd tNrJ

ukid x
f m;Ekid &f if avmuukv
d nf; Ekid Nf yjD zpfvYdk avmuxJ
rSm ae&mwum t0ifqHhoGm;ygw,f/ avmueJYajy
vnfatmif ndEIdif;NyD; Nidrf;csrf;pGm aewwfygw,f/
acG;qdk;? a>rqkd;pwJh tE&,fjyKwwfwJh ow0g
aumifawGukd ajcmufwmawmifrS wkwfwkdY cJwkdY ukdif
ajcmuf&ao;w,fqkd&if avmu tE&m,ftylrsKd;pHk
ukd ajcmuf&ifvnf; w&m;cJwkwf vufeufukd owd
ynmeJY vufOD;atmif ukdifxm;rS pdwfcs&rSmyg/
a':omvl
a':omvlqw
dk hJ tzGm;wpfO;D &Syd gw,f/ emrnf&if;
uawmh a':pmjzLyg/ omvGew
f v
hJ jl zpfatmif pdw"f mwf
jri w
hf if BuKd ;pm;wwfvYdk a':omvlvyYkd J wGiaf eygw,f/
w&m;jznfhay;rS vlYpGrf;tm;zGUHNzdK;Ekdifw,f/ w&m;
a0;&ifvlYpGrf;tm; BuHKvSDao;i,f ydefusoGm;wwf
w,f/ w&m;vGwf&if ykxkZOf&JUpdwf[m udavom
jyefay;qGw
J mudk cPcPcHae&w,f/ ukov
dk ef rYJ a&G;
orQ tukodkvfrsKd;pHkeJY ESdyfpuforQ cHae&w,f/ owd

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

29

0D&d,ynmeJY udavomvufxJa&mufaewJh pdwfukd

jrefjrefa&G;,lNy;D jrefjreftzk;d wefatmif oH;k ay;&r,f/
ykxZk OfjzpfvYdk pdww
f idk ;f rus&if pdwq
f if;&Jwwfayr,hf
owd Pf v uf O D ; &if pG r f ; tm;jrih f o G m ;Ek d i f w ,f /
pdwfxm;rSefatmif avhusihfay;zkdYvkdw,f/
a':omvlu w&m;emMum;avhvmzl;wJh tcsed u
f p
vlY'kuawGukd pdefac:wwfvmw,f/ 'kuawGU&if
aumif;rIukd ykBd uKd ;pm;w,f/ tvGeyf t
l u
dk v
f w
S hJ aEG&m
oDa&mufvm&if ]]vlYjynfrSm aewpfpif;xGufHkeJYyJ
'D avmufy la e&if i&J rS m awmh 'D xuf tqaygif ;
ode;f oef;uka#ru ylrmS yJ/ i&Jyx
l rJ mS vkyyf idk cf iG v
fh nf;
vH;k 0r&S/d cHpm;cGiv
hf nf; Avmew?d vljY ynfrmS yltu
kd af y
r,fh vkyfykdifcGihfeJY cHpm;cGihfrIH;? igi&Jra&mufzkdY ta&;
BuD;w,f/ 'kujrefjrefvGwfzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f}} vkdY
pdwfukdjrihfNyD; 'geukd ydkvkyfw,f/ oDvudk wkd;jrihfay;
w,f/ bk&m;twGuf a&cPcPvSLw,f/ cgwkdif;
xuf bk&m;ydk&Sdckd;w,f/ arwmykdyGm;w,f/ tyl'Pf
aMumihf azmufjyefwJh kyfoabmukd PfeJYIw,f?
0dyemydkyGm;w,f/

30

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

at;wJhtcg? emwJhtcg? qmwJhtcgrSmvnf;

tJ'DvkdyJ ydkBudK;pm;wwfygw,f/ aeraumif;wJhtcg
]]uRerf wpfu,
dk v
f ;kH ukov
dk x
f yk Bf u;FD jzpfaew,f}} vdYk
awmif usKH;0g; usL;&ifhwwfygao;w,f/ 'kuwGef;
awmh tvJrcH? pdwrf Ekid w
f ikd ;f tpkerf mS arQmrcs/ owd
0D&d,PfeJY tqefvrf;rSm tpGrf;jy wufa&mufEkdif
w,fqw
dk m ]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGr;f yg/
rav;vH k
bk&m;vufxufu uydv0wfNrdKUrSm o'gw&m;
tvGefaumif;vkdY o&P*HkoDvvHkNcHKNyD; aumif;rI
arGUavsmfvSwJh rav;vHkqkdwJh omuD0ifrif;orD;
wpfO;D &Scd w
hJ ,f/ ygVdvadk wmha*gydumwJ/h owdPfuH
xdef;cvkwf wyfxm;w,f/ edAmefukd yef;wkdifxm;NyD;
a,musfm;qkukdvnf; awmif;w,f/ aumif;rIukd
pepfuusvkyfw,f/
&[ef;awmf 3yg;ukd tdrfrSmyifhNyD;aeYpOf qGrf;
avmif;vSLygw,f/ &[ef; 3yg;[m oDvjynhfpHkHkom
ru psmef&atmifvnf; tm;xkwx
f m;w,f/ oufwrf;

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

31

aph v k d Y u G , f v G e f a wmh owd Pf u H x d e f ; cvk w f

aumif ; wJ h rav;vH k u wm0w o mewf j ynf r S m
oMum;rif;&JUom; PfBuD;vkdY kyfacsmwJh ukdzkd;vHk
(a*gyu) ewfom; oGm;jzpfw,f/ rdef;ru tqihfjrihf
a,musfm;jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
&[ef;awmf 3yg;uawmh uHxdef;cvkwf owd
PfvGwfoGm;vkdY uG,fvGefawmh b0rsm;pGm tjzpf
rsm;cJhwJh pmwkr[m&mZfewfjynfrSm pdwfGwfoGm;Mu
w,f/ b0eduEad Mumihf psmefavQmNy;D tnhpH m;obif
onf ewfom;awG jzpfoGm;Muw,f/
qGrf;tpfru txufwef;pm;ewfjzpf? qGrf;cH
&[ef; 3yg;u atmufwef;pm;ewfawG jzpfoGm;Mu
awmh qGr;f tpfreJY &[ef; 3yg; txufatmufajymif;
jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ ykxkZOfpdwf[m wpfcgwpf&Hr,Hk
Ekdifavmufatmif ajymif;jyefBuD;jzpfwwfwmrdkY b0
oHo&mrSmvnf; tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif
ajymif;jyefBuD;awG jzpfwwfpNrJyg/
pdwfaemufukd vluvkdufae&oleJY vlYaemufukd
pdwfudkygatmif qGJaeolwkdY&JU pGrf;tm;[m b,fenf;

32

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

eJYrS rwlEkdifygbl;/
wpfcsdefrSm &[ef; 3yg;b0rS a&mufoGm;MuwJh
ewfom; 3 OD;wdkY ujyazsmfajzaecsdefrSm udkzkd;vHk ewf
om; yGJMunhfa&mufoGm;w,f/ ujyaewJh ewfom;
3OD;[m rdrdqGrf;avmif;vSLcJhwJh &[ef;b0rS a&muf
vmrSef;odoGm;awmh csufcsif;tu&yfcdkif;? av;av;
eufeufowday;NyD; w&m;tjref tm;xkwfckdif;vdkuf
w,f/ ewfom; 2OD;u psmefjyef&vdkY 0dyemquf
tm; xkwfvdkufawmh tem*grfjzpfNyD; jA[mhjynfwuf
oGm;w,f/ usef 1OD;uawmh b0eduEdBuD;vGef;vdkY
use&f pfcyhJ gw,f/ uk,
d [
fh muk,
d v
f nf; wk;d wufjrihrf m;
atmif xdef;NyD;BudK;pm;Ekdifw,f/ olrsm;awGusqif;
oGm;wmudv
k nf; owday;Ny;D wk;d wufatmif ulnaD y;
Ekid w
f ,f/ 'DtpGr;f awG[m rav;vHb
k 0u wduscikd rf m
aocsmpGm BudK;pm;cJhwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}}
&JU xl;jcm;wJh tpGrf;ygyJ/

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

33

a*gygv olaX;orD;
bk&m;vufxufu awvyemVded*Hk;&GmBuD;rSm
kyfacsmqHyifaumufNyD; ypnf;<u,f0wJh a*gygv
olaX;orD; &Scd w
hJ ,f/ i,fi,fup w&m;eJY qufo,
G f
a&; &cJhygw,f/
t&G,fa&mufvkdY rdbESpfyg; uG,fvGefwJhtcg
yp n f ; tm;vH k ; qH k ; I H ; NyD ; qif ; &J r G J a woG m ;cJ h w ,f /
tdrfazmftrsKd;orD;ukd tazmfvkyfNyD; qif;&Jyifyef;pGm
ae&&Smw,f/ olaX;orD;qkdwJh emrnfyJusefawmh
w,f/ ypnf;awmh vHk;0r&Sdawmhbl;/ vlYt&SdawG[m
uk,
d &f cdS sio
f avmuf &Sad eMuwm r[kwb
f J olw&Ykd EdS idk f
oavmuf&NdS y;D tcsed af ph&if aysmufu,
G o
f mG ;Muwmyg/
t&Sdaemufu todrSDatmif vkdufEkdifrS csrf;om&Ekdif
ovdk r&Sdaemufu todrsufjcnfrjywf vkdufEdkifrS
vnf; Nird ;f csr;f &ygw,f/ avmutrGaJ wGxrJ mS o'gw
&m;rGJwm[m tqif;&JqHk; atmufwef;tusqHk;yg/
o'gw&m;<u,f0&if vkyfoifhwmukd {uefvkyfrSmjzpf
vdkY &SdoifhwmawG {uef&SdvmrSmyg/
udk,fhrSm wu,f&Sd&rSmu o'gw&m;ppfppfyg/

34

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

vlawG[m ypnf;0,f,lMuwJhtcg ypnf;twkudk

rvkdMuayr,hf ukd,fhukd wm0ef,lr,hf w&m;ukd ,lMu
wJt
h cg o'gw&m;twkudk oH;k rdwwfMuygw,f/ o'g
w&m;ykdppfrS ukokdvfppfrSmyg/ ukodkvfppfrSmvnf;
aumif;usKd;&zkdY aocsmrSm/
a*gygvolaX;orD;u o'gw&m;ppfppf &Sdoljzpf
vkdY ypnf;rGJoGm;ayr,hf pdwfrqif;&Jygbl;/ w&m;
tpGrf;aMumihf pdwfESvHk;BuHhcdkifygw,f/ olqif;&JrSef;
odawmh ypnf;&SdwJh olaX;orD;wpfOD;u olYqHyifukd
wpfaxmifay;0,fcahJ yr,hf rde;f rwk&Yd UJ bke;f usuo
f a&
tIH;rcHcsifvkdY ra&mif;cJhygbl;/
t&Sifr[mupnf; trSL;&SdwJh &[Em (8) yg;
tdrfa&SU<uvmcdkuf yihfavQmufvkdY tdrfay:<uvmMu
w,f/ rdrdjrwfEkd;vSwJh qHyifukd (8) usyfeJY a&mif;NyD;
(8) usyfwefqGrf; tjrefpDrH? &[Em (8)yg;tm;
oHCmh*kPf tmHkjyKvSKvkdufygw,f/
qHyifa&mif;HkuvGJvdkY qGrf;avmif;vSLEkdif&ef
tjcm;enf;vrf; r&SdawmhwJhtwGuf wpfaxmifay;
vm0,fbl;wJh qHyifukd (8)usyfeJYa&mif;NyD; tvSLvkyf

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

35

vdkuf&wmyg/ avmutvSxuf "rusufoa&ukd

wefzkd;xm;vkdYyg/
apwemjywfom;vGef;vkdY jzwfxm;wJh qHyifcsuf
cskif;jyefaygufNyD; yifukd,ftwkdif; jyefjzpfoGm;Hkru
pnf;pdrOf pm wpf[ek x
f ;dk wk;d wufjynhpf o
kH mG ;cJyh gw,f/
omoemjyK ]]u e 0e}} ausmif ; tpf r BuD ; vnf ;
jzpfoGm;cJhygw,f/
edrhfvkdufjrihfvkduf rsufvSnhfjyaewJh avmuxJrSm
w&m;eJYIdEIdif;NyD; oufomNidrf;csrf;atmif aewwf
w,fqkdwm ]]vl \ pG r f ; tm; jrwf w &m;}} tpGrf;
aMumihfyg/
wvaxmf
vlupdwfaemufukd vdkufae&if tpkefpdwfyg/
vlYpGrf;tm;ukd vufvTwftIH;ay;&olygyJ/ vlaemuf
udk pdwu
f ykd gatmif qGEJ idk &f if tqefpw
d yf g/ vlpY rG ;f tm;
ukd wu,f&atmif ,laeolygyJ/ aumif;rIw&m; qkdk
wm tqefpdwfeJY vkyf&rS&Ekdifw,f/
jref r m&mZ0if r S m [H o m0wD yJ c l ; acwf u

36

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

]]wvaxmf}} qkdwJh rGeftrsKd;orD;av; &SdcJhzl;w,f/

i,f&G,fpOf odwwfwJht&G,fupNyD; &wem 3yg;
Munf n d K jrwf E k d ; qnf ; uyf w wf w ,f / ES v H k ; om;
bk&m;wnfwwfw,f/ arwmvnf;aumif;aumif;
ykdYwwfw,f/ tcuftcJBuHKvmcgrS [kdajy;'Duyf
ua,mifuwrf; xvkyfwmrsKd;r[kwfbJ aeYpOfbk&m;
w&m;vufOD;atmif yHkrSefavhusifhaecJhwmyg/ w&m;
udk ukd,fuvufOD;atmif udkifxm;rS tylaygwJh
vlYavmuxJrSm aewwf xkdifwwfrSmyg/ pdwfukd
vlaY emufygatmif qGx
J m;Ekid &f if pGr;f tm;wefc;kd &Siyf /J
t&G,fa&mufcsdefrSm rdpm'd|d wdrif;[m Ak'
kyfyGm;qif;wkawGudk zsufqD;ypf? a&xJvTifhypfw,f/
vT i f h y pf w J h k y f y G m ;qif ; wk a wG u d k wvaxmf u
aumuf,ludk;uG,fylaZmfw,f/ o'gw&m;ppfppf
&SdwmjzpfvkdY udk,hftpGrf;ukd,f ,Hkawmh&J&ihfygw,f/
'DtaMumif;ukd wdrif;BuD;Mum;awmh olYukd
qefu
Y sizf ufvyk w
f ,fqNdk y;D a'gotrsux
f u
G v
f eG ;f vkYd
wvaxmf u d k z rf ; ? zrf ; NyD ; ao'Pf a y;vk d u f w ,f /
qifESihfeif;owfcdkif;awmh qifESihfwm0ef&Sdol tm;vHk;

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

37

tay:wvaxmfu arwmvnf; pl;pl;pku

d pf u
dk yf w
Ydk ,f/
ESv;kH om;rSm bk&m;wnfvu
dk w
f ,f/ qifBu;D awG vH;k 0
reif;&J/ tem;awmifruyf&/J rD;IUd towfcidk ;f jyefawmh
vH k ; 0rul ; / wG i f ; wl ; NyD ; wG i f ; xJ j r y f o wf r ,f
vkyjf yefawmh b,fvrkd S owfvrYkd &/ 'gaMumihf vTwaf y;
vkduf&w,f/ w&m;udk w&m;vdk pdwfr0ifpm;olukd
w&m;uvnf; w&m;vkdyJ tHhMozG,f aumif;avmuf
atmif jyefapmihfa&Smufwwf pNrJyg/ wdrif;BuD;
awmifrS rdpm'd|dukdpGefYNyD; orm'd|d ppfppfjzpfoGm;
&ygowJh/
toufukdawmif &ef&SmvmwJh tvGefBuD;rm;vS
wJh b0tcuftcJudk w&m;pGr;f eJY at;csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f
EkdifHkru rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU w&m;pGrf;aMumihf
rdpm 'd|&d iS f bk&m;Bu;D awmif orm'd|jd zpfomG ;&avmuf
atmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifw,fqdkwm w&m;ukd w&m;vdk
pdwf0ifpm;wwfwJh tvGefxl;qef;vSwJh tHhMozG,f
]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;aMumihfyg/
rv d u m
w&m;qkdwm tm;csdef? rtm;csdefESihfwkdif;wm wm

38

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

r[kwfbJ todw&m;eJYom abmifcwfxm;wmyg/

tm;-rtm; cGJMunhfraebJ ukd,fhpdwfw&m;eJY wefrwefomcGJMunhfyg/ w&m;eJYwefwJh pdwfaumif;ay:
aygufae&if tHhzG,fw&m;pGrf;tm;ukd &&SdEkdifygw,f/
bk & m;vuf x uf u AE K vppf o l B uD ; uawmf
rvdum[m cifyGef;ESihfom; (32) a,mufvHk; rw&m;
vkyfBuHowfjzwfcH&wJh (33) avmif;NydKif wdAsoe
aMumihf tylrD; ravmif&atmif a`Erysuf w&m;eJY
xdef;EkdifcJhw,f/ vkyfvufptvSLudk at;at; aq;
aq; ydyd&d&dNyD;atmif vkyfjyvkdufygw,f/ wdAsoe
'kua &mufaerSe;f ab;uyfb,fol wpfa,mufrrS od
vkdufMuyg/
ykxkZOf rdef;rom;wpfa,muf rQjyif;xefvSwJh
aqGrsKd;ysufpD;rI 'kuaMumihf aomu y&da'0rD;
tavmifrcHbJ owdPfeJY ydyd&d&d xdef;xm;EkdifwJh
tpGrf;[m w&m;tpGrf;eJY wGJaewJh wu,fcsD;usL;
vl \ pG r f ; tm; jrwf w &m;}} tpGrf;yg/
xdkufwJh ]]vl
wu,fawmh rvdum&JU tpGrf;r[kwfbJ w&m;eJY
xkdufwefvSwJh ESvHk;tdrfrSm vmudef;wJh xl;jcm;vSwJh

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

39

w&m;&JU tpGrf;jzpfygw,f/
rMunfat;
a&S;wkef;u uVr&&Gmol rMunfat;qkdwm &SdcJh
bl ; w,f / uav;xd e f ; wmawmif r S w&m;vrf ;
aMumif;ay: pdwu
f w
dk if;Ny;D edAm efa&mufaMumif; w&m;
aumif;tjzpf ajymif;,lwwfavmufatmif owdPf
pGNJ ro
J jl zpfygw,f/ w&m;eJx
Y u
dk w
f efatmif todpw
d u
f dk
o'gw&m;ppfppfeJY oefYpifxm;wmjzpfvdkY Munfvif
at;csr;f pGmaewwfwhJ tdr&f iS rf jzpfw,f/ w&m;tod
vufOD;xm;&if vl[m wpfyef;omNyD;om;yg/
wpfaeYawmh w&m;yG&J v
dS Ydk om;i,fuydk gac: tem;
rSmodyfNyD; w&m;emaew,f/ cEmrSm PfpkdufNyD;
pdwyf gvufyg tusiEfh iS afh ygif; pyfxm;w,f/ om;i,f
tay:a>rqkd;wufukdufNyD; om;i,fa>rqdyfwufvdkY
arharsmaewmawmifrS owdrvGwf rI w
S &f if; w&m;em
aevdkufwm aomwmyefjzpfoGm;w,f/ arharsmaewJh
om;i,fukdvnf; opmqkdNyD; tqdyfajyaysmufatmif
aqmif&Gufay;vkdufw,f/ om;trdESpfa,mufvHk;

40

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

ab;&eftylNidrf;NyD; csrf;omoGm;Muygw,f/ ylavmif

IyfaxG;vSwJh vlYudptmHkawGudk w&m;todeJY uefY
owfxm;Ny;D tylrxd &efrNiad tmif tpGr;f jyEkid w
f mjzpf
vkdY wu,fav;pm;xkdufwJh ]]vl \ pG r f ; tm; jrwf
w&m;}} pGrf;tm;yg/
rjynh f p H k
NyD;awmh bk&m;vufxufu &mZN*dKvfolaX;tdrf
rSm rjynhfpHk (ykPm)qkdwJh uRefruav; 1a,muf&Sd
w,f/ emrnfu rjynhpf q
kH adk yr,hf bmrSrjynhpf &kH mS vkYd
olrsm;tdrfrSm uReftvkyf vkyfae&wmyg/ jynhfpHkwm
1ckawmh&Sdygw,f/ o'gw&m;yg/ o'gw&m;&Sd&if
ypnf;r&Sdayr,hf vlrGJr[kwfygbl;/ vkyfoifhwm vkyf
vku
d &f if jzpfoihw
f mjzpfNy;D &So
d ifw
h m&Sv
d mrSm {uefyg/
kyfu uHraumif;taMumif;rvSvdkY uRefjzpfae
&ayr,hf pdwfudkawmh uRefpdwftjzpf rcHygbl;/ tdrf
rSmvkyf&wJh aumif;rIudp &wemoHk;yg; udpawGukd
uk,
d u
hf pd v
yYdk J oabmxm;Ny;D o'gw&m;ppfppfeYJ pdwf
tm;xufoefpGm vkyfay;wwfygw,f/ bmrqkd udk,hf

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

41

tvkyfvkdY oabmxm;NyD; pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfeJY

aqmif&Gufay;wmjzpfvkdY rdom;pkuvnf; olYtay:
orD;vko
d abmxm; apmihaf &Smufay;Muw,f/ vlwpf
uk,
d v
f ;kH rSm pdwaf umif;[m tzk;d twefq;kH t&Sed t
f 0g
tBuD;qHk;jzpfwmrdkY ukd,fupdwfaumif;xm;&if tJ'D
pdwfaumif;eJY xdkufwefwJh tapmihfta&Smufukd &&Sd
pNrJyg/ ]]ukd,hfapwem[m ukd,hfvkyfcyJ}} r[kwf
vm;/
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rk e f Y u av;uk d a&cyf q d y f a &muf a wmh r S pm;zk d Y , l
oGm;w,f/ bk&m;u olYukd csD;ajrmufzkdY c&D;&ifqkdif
<uoGm;awmh rjynhfpHku bk&m;ukdjrifw,fqkd&ifyJ
o'gw&m; wpfzGm;zGm; jzpfay:wkd;yGm;NyD; ukd,fpm;zkdY
,lcw
hJ hJ rkeu
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f J avmif;vSL
vkdufygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifu rkefYukd tvSLcHNyD; w&m;
a[mawmh cEmPfpkdufyGm;rsm;&if; w&m;emvkduf
wm uRef rav; rjynhpf kH aomwmyefjzpfomG ;ygw,f/
rMumcif emrnfeJYvkdufavsmatmif tppt&m&m
jynhfpHkoGm;cJhygw,f/

42

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

kyfcEm uRefjzpf&ayr,hf pdwfcEm uRefjzpfrcHyJ

bk&m;eJY + olaX; rdom;pkcsD;jrihfcH&avmufatmif
pdwfaumif;xm;wmjzpfvdkY wu,ftwk,l av;pm;
xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;yg/
rjrwf r G e f
bk& m;vufx ufu rjrwf rG ef (Ow &m) qk d wJ h
trsK;d orD;[m arwmorm"d tavhtusirfh sm;ol jzpf
ygw,f/ tcuftcJBuHKvmrS aumufkd;rD; [kef;ueJ
xawmuf o vk d ua,mif u wrf ; xvk y f w mrsKd ;
r[kwb
f J aeYpOfyrkH eS f vlEiS w
hf &m; wpfom;wnf; aygif;
pyfNyD; xHkaeatmif avhusihfxm;wmyg/
[kwyf gw,f/ w&m;eJv
Y [
l m aygif;xm;rS Nird ;f csr;f
ygw,f/ om;trdom;tz nDtpfudk nDtpfr armifErS
ZeD;armifESHawG[m wpfcgwpf&H taMumif;tm;avsmf
pGm cGx
J m;vkYd jzpfEidk af yr,hf vlew
YJ &m;uawmh b,fvdk
taMumif;aMumihfrS cGJxm;vkdY rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ wpfaeYrS
vnf; cGJrxm;oihfygbl;/ w&m;eJY vluGJwmeJY avmu
u vludk &efpvmwwfygw,f/

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

43

wpfaeYawmh oD&drmu rjrwfrGefudk &efNidK;zGJUNyD;

axmywfqDyleJY acgif;ukdavmif;cswJhtcg oD&drmukd
pl;pl;pkdufpdkuf arwmykdYw,f/ xHkaeatmif avhusihf
xm;cJ h w J h arw m [m tmH k e J Y vk d u f a vsmnD a xG
jzpf o G m ;vk d Y usKd u f u sKd u f q l w J h axmywf q D y l [ m
a&at;vdkyJ tvkdvdkat;jroGm;w,f/ &efvkyfwJh
oD & d r muk d rjrwf r G e f u aomwmyef j zpf o nf x d
arwmppfppfeJY qufNyD; ulnDay;vkdufygao;w,f/
olu,
dk w
f idk u
f vnf; aomwmyefjzpfaeNyyD /J oD&rd mu
cspfvkdufwm rjrwfrGefrS rjrwfrGefyJ/
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pGr;f aqmifEidk w
f hJ rdro
d w
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wJh rjrwfrGef&JUtpGrf;[m wu,ftm;xm;xkdufwJh
]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} tpGrf;jzpfygw,f/
omrm0wD
bk & m;vuf x uf u yJ Oawerif ; rS m omrm
0wDqkdwJh o'gaumif;NyD; arwmtm;BuD;wJh rdzk&m;
wpfyg;&Sdw,f/ o'gw&m;[m vlYtazmftppfjzpfvkdY

44

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

ol&Sd&if vl[m tm;&SdNyD; &J&ifhw,f/ aumif;wm

tm;vH;k vky&f yJ gw,f/ ol&Y UJ o'geJaY ygif;pyfrw
d hJ arwm
pGrf;tm;[m txl;Ekd;Mum;wuf<u xufoef&ifhusuf
vSygw,f/
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vGifxif&Sm;vm&ovkd aq;eJYaq;q&m&JU tpGrf;ukd
a&m*g&SdrS od&ovdk olawmfaumif;wkdY&JU "rpGrf;tm;
ukd qefu
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d "f mwfawGay:vmrS tHMh ozG,f
aumif;avmufatmif odjrifcGihf &Ekdifygw,f/
wpfaeYawmh Oawerif;[m rm*@Dukef;wkdufrI
aMumihf trsux
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(av;ay:wif) ypfowfw,f/ w&m;ryg&if toufudk
awmif&ef&SmvmwJh avmu&JU rw&m;Ncdrf;ajcmufrI
[m tvGefaMumufvefY wkefvIyfzG,f aumif;vSyg
w,f/ w&m;rul&if cH&ol[m wu,fyJ rkefYrkefYnuf
nuf ausrGoGm;avmufygw,f/
omrm0wDwdkYu arwmydkYvTwfaew,f/ ,ckrS
ua,mifuwrf; p wmr[kwfbJ umv&SnfMum

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

45

avhusiafh ecJw
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vmw,f/ w&m;u avmuukEd idk w
f m qkad wmh avmu
obm0udk ajymif;jyef jyefypfEidk w
f hJ tHzh ,
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MunfndK av;pm;vdkufwm omrm0wDrS omrm0wDyJ?
rdrdESifh tNcHt&Hrsm;pGmwdkYudk aoab;rS vGwfajrmuf
atmif vkyfay;EdkifHkru cufxefMurf;MuKwfvSwJh
Oawerif;&JU pdwEf v
S ;kH udk odraf rGUEl;nHo
h mG ;atmif pGr;f
aqmifEdkifwJh omrm0wD&JUtpGrf;[mvJ wu,ftwk
,lxu
kd w
f hJ ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} &JU pGr;f tm;yg/
rpE m
bk&m;vufxufu vvdkyJtNrJ at;csrf;atmif
aewwfwJh rpEmqdkwJh trsdK;orD;wpfOD;&dScJhbl;w,f?
odwwfwhJ t&G,u
f p vlew
YJ &m;aygif;rdoyl g? t&m&m
rsm todowdeJY Edk;Mum;pGm aexdkifusifhoHk;aewwf
olyg/
olrsm;awGu yGJ&dSvdkY yGJMunfhac:Muayr,fh

46

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

]]ZmwfcHkay:u yGJqdkwm tdrfxJu taMumif;t&m

awGudk ,lNyD; jywmyg/ olrsm;yGJawGMunfhr,fhtpm;
udk,fhyGJ udk,fMunfhwmuyJ Nidrf;at;Edkifygw,f}} vdkY
tjrif&Sif;&Sif;eJY b,fawmhrS yGJMunfhrvdkufcJhbl;/
t&G,fa&mufawmh rdbrsm;u olaX;om;wpfOD;
eJY ae&mcsay;vdkufw,f? rMumcifyJ olYcifyGef; olaX;
om;u rpEmudk tNyD;tydkif pGefcGmoGm;w,f/ ra&
wGufEdkifatmif rsm;jym;vSwJh vlYtylawGudk csrf;om
tjzpf owdPfeJY ppfxkwfwwfwJh udk,fhyGJudk udk,f
Nidrf;at;atmif MunfhwwfwJh rpEm[m tNyHK;vJ
rysuf aE`EvJ rysufyg/
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yJ cGJcGmoGm;oGm; w&m;tazmfudk,fhrSm usefcJh&if
NyD;wmyJ}} vdkY tjrif&Sif;&Sif;eJY omoem0ifNyD; w&m;
tm;xkwf vdu
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owdPfeYJ rsujf cnfrjywf Munfw
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wmyJ/ &[Emjzpfawmh avmueJY vHk;0 ajyvnfoGm;
ygNyD/
udk,fhudktNrJ qefYusifzufvkyf wGef;csaewJh

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

47

avmuBuD;eJY ajyvnfatmif SdEdIif;aexdkifwwfwJh

v [m tm;vH;k eJY wnfo
h vdk tm;vH;k eJY wnfah tmifae
wwfwhJ rpEm&JUtpGr;f [mvJ wu,f twk,al v;pm;
xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;yg/
rcd k i f N id r f ; at;
bk&m;vufxufuyJ w&m;okwjynfh0wJh ax&D
umqdw
k hJ tdr&f iS rf wpfO;D &dcS b
hJ ;l w,f? pdw"f mwfBuUH cdik f
Nidrf;at;atmif w&m;eJYavmu SdEdIif;aexdkifwwf
wmjzpfvdkY jrefrmvdkawmh rcdkifNidrf;ay;vdkY ac:&rSmyg/
odwwfwJh t&G,fup w&m;eJYqufoG,fa&;
&xm;wmjzpfvdkY tdrfxJu tvkyftm;vHk; w&m;
tvkyfeJY wpfom;wnf; aygf;xm;wwfw,f? tdrfxJ
rSmae&if;eJyY J 'ge oDv orm"d 0dyem pGr;f tm;awG
udk todPfeJY tuefYvdkuf tuefYvdkuf &atmif
ajymifajrmufpmG ,lwwfoyl g/ wpfaeYawmh rD;zdak csmif
xJ xrif;[if;csuf&if; rD;yla&yl'PfaMumifh qef
[if;oD;[if;&Guf om;ig;awGusufwmudk owd
PfeJY Munfhawmh rcdkifNrJvdkY ajymif;vJaeMuyHkawG
PfxJ jywfjywfom;om; ay:vmw,f? tJ'gudk

48

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

oufao t&mxm;NyD; cEmPfpdkuf 0dyem

yGm;vdkufwm rD;zdkacsmifxJrSmyJ tem*grfjzpfNyD;
omoem0if quf tm;xkwfawmh &[Em ax&Dr
jzpfoGm;w,fvdkYqdkw,f/
trsm;wum ]]rtm;bl;? tvkyfIyfw,f}} vdkY
nnf;xGm;NyD; tIH;ay;ae&wJh tdrftvkyfawGudk
]]tm;zdkYrvdk odzdkYvdkw,f}} vdkY w&m;eJYaygif;NyD; tm;
xkwfEdkifavmufatmif owdPfjywfom;&Sif;vif;
vSwJh rcdkifNidrf;at;&JU tpGrf;owd[mvJ wu,fpHjyK
xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;rsdK;yg/
a':yk w f
&Gmwpf&GmrSm OD;wkwfeJY a':ykwfqdkwJh ZeD;armifESH
2-a,muf&dSw,f? OD;wkwfuvJ emrnfeJYvkdufatmif
rJryJ yk yf yk f 0wkwBf u;D ? 0oavmuf odyaf 'goBu;D w,f?
a':ykwfuvJ ykwfBuD;vdkyJ 0wkwfBuD;? wpfaeYrS wnfh
atmif raeEdkifwJh vl0BuD; ZeD;armifESHyg/
OD;wkwfu a':ykwfudk wkwfjy "g;jyaeYwdkif; Ncdrf;
ajcmuf? tvkyo
f mG ; tvkyjf yefqkd ydNk y;D qlyBl urd ;f armif;?
tdraf y:u cPcPESicf s? tdru
f a':ykw&f UJ rdbtarG

vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

49

tdrfyg? wu,fqdk udk,fuom qif;oGm;&rSm? tdrfxJ

bk&m;oH w&m;oH wpfaeYrS rMum;&? qJqdk Budrf;
armif;oHyJ yGun
f NH y;D tyltcd;k awGreT af ew,f? a':ykwf
Bu;D aocsipf w
d af ygufavmufatmif ylavmifaew,f?
vlpifppfu bDvl;wdkif;jynfa&muf aeovdk aMumuf
vefY acsmufcsm;NyD; rGef;Muyfae&&Smw,f/
wpfaeYawmh OD;wkwftvkyfoGm;aewkef; a':ykwf
u &GmOD;ausmif;bkef;BuD; OD;wdxH oGm;NyD; pdwfIyf
p&maumif;vSwJh tdrfxJu tzktxpf ql;ajimifh
cvkwf tylxkyfawGudk tukefzGifhazmufjyw,f?
bkef;BuD;xH tm;udk;wBuD; ppfulawmif;&Smw,f/
bkef;BuD;uvJ usnfqefawGudk ypfyHkypfenf;ESifhwuG
xkwfay;vdkufw,f ]]uJ rdykwf bk&m;*kPfrsm;rsm;
yGm;NyD; arwmud BudK;BudK;pm;pm; ydkYMunfhyg}} vdkY vdk&if;
vrf;Tefvdkufw,f/
a':ykwu
f tdrjf yef? bk&m;rsm;rsm;&dcS ;kd ? bk&m;*kPf
xHkatmifyGm;NyD; OD;wkwfudk owdeJYyHkazmf aumif;uGuf
udk&Sm? NyHK;uGufudkzefwD;? tBudrfrsm;pGm r&yfrem;
arwmydv
Yk w
T w
f ,f? arwmusnq
f efukd tqufrjywf

50

t&Sifod&dEmbd0Ho (a,m)

ypfcwfvdkufawmh OD;wkwfudk arwmusnfqefxd

oGm;w,f? OD;wkwf udk,fa&m EIwfa&m pdwfygrusef
tukef OD;TwfNyD; odrfarGUoGm;w,f/ 2-a,muf
bk&m;? ausmif;oGm;zuf ukodkvfjyKzufjzpfNyD; aysmf&Tif
csrf;ajrUzG,f aumif;oGm;w,f/ 'g[mvJ twk,l
av;pm;xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} tpGrf;
ygyJ/

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