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Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Metric units are used everywhere in the world EXCEPT the USA. It is based on scientific measurements, not the length of a kings foot or the weight of a chicken.
Area
Volume
Weight Force
Moment
Lb-In Lb-Ft Kip-Ft Kip-Ft Kip-In Lb per ft3 (PCF) Lb per in2 (PSI) Lb per in2 (PSI) Lb per in2 (PSI) Kips per in2 (KSI) Kips per in2 (KSI) Lb per ft2 (PSF) Lb per ft2 (PSF) Kips per ft2 (KSF) Kips per ft2 (KSF)
By: 25.4 0.0254 304.8 0.3048 0.9144 645.2 92,909 0.0929 0.836 16,387 28,317,000 0.0283 0.003785 3.785 0.454 4.448 4448 14.594 0.11299 1.3559 1355.9 1.3559 112.99 0.1571 6895 6.895 0.0006895 6895 6.895 47.88 0.04788 47.88 0.04788
To Obtain: millimeters (mm) meters (m) millimeters (mm) meters (m) meters (m) mm2 mm2 m2 m2 mm3 mm3 m3 m3 = 1000 liters liters kilograms (kg) Newtons (N) Newtons (N) Newtons per meter (N/m) N-m N-m N-m kN-m N-m kN/m3 Pascals = Pa = N/m2
kPa = kilopascals = 1000 Pa mPa = megapascals = N/mm2
Lecture 26 Page 1 of 11
Example 1 GIVEN: All road construction projects in New York State have drawings with metric measurements. All metric drawings always use units of mm for everything. (Reminder: 1 m = 1000 mm) REQUIRED: Convert 1500 mm as shown on the drawings into feet/inch/sixteenths. Use the conversion 1 inch = 25.4 mm Number of inches = 1500mm 25.4mm _ per _ inch
0.88 16ths
1500 mm = 4-11
1 " 16
Example 2 GIVEN: The x-sectional area of a W30x211 steel beam = 62.0 in2. REQUIRED: Determine the area of the beam in units of mm2. Use the conversion 1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 inch x 1 inch = 25.4 mm x 25.4 mm 1 in2 = 645.2 mm2 Number of mm2 = 62.0 in2 x 645.2 mm2 per in2 Area = 40,002 mm2
Lecture 26 Page 2 of 11
Example 3 GIVEN: The tank below. REQUIRED: How many liters are in the tank?
7-0
(18' ) 2 (7' )
= 1781 ft3 = 1781 ft3(7.48 gals per ft3) Vol. = 13324 gal. Use the conversion 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3 Volume = 1781 ft3(0.0283 m3 per ft3) = 50.4 m3 Volume = 50.4 m3(1000 liters per m3) Volume = 50,400 liters
Lecture 26 Page 3 of 11
Example 4 GIVEN: An ASTM A325 steel bolt is capable of resisting an allowable shear stress of 30 kips per square inch (KSI) REQUIRED: What is the allowable shear stress for the bolt in units of KPa? Use the conversions of 1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 1 kPa = 1000 Pa 1 lb = 4.448 N 30 KSI =
30 KSI =
30 KSI =
Lecture 26 Page 4 of 11
Metric Loads
All metric loads, forces and derivatives of those are in units of Newtons. Below is a sampling of typical minimum design live loads for buildings:
2.87 4.79 2.87 3.59 4.79 4.79 2.87 1.92 2.87 7.18 2.40 1.92 1.92 4.79 4.79
Material Properties
Material: Steel A36 Steel A992 Aluminum
Concrete (4000 psi)
Wood - SYP
Earth sandy
Water
Unit Weight: Lb/ft3 kN/m3 490 77.2 490 77.2 170 26.7 150 23.6 37 5.8 100 15.7 62.4 9.8
Lecture 26 Page 5 of 11
Metric Dimensions
All metric dimensions are in units of millimeters. Below are a few examples of architectural drawings in metric dimensions:
Lecture 26 Page 6 of 11
Lecture 26 Page 7 of 11
Example 5 LRFD Steel Beam Analysis GIVEN: A simply-supported ASTM A992 steel W18x35 beam is loaded as shown (all loads are factored and includes beam weight). Assume the beam is continuously laterally braced. REQUIRED: 1) Determine the maximum factored moment in units of kN-m. 2) Determine the plastic section modulus, Zx of the beam in units of mm3. 3) Determine the LRFD design moment of the beam Mn in units of kN-m. 4) Determine if the beam is adequate in moment. w = 3 kN/m
11 m
Mmax =
wu L2 8 (3kN / m)(11m) 2 8
Lecture 26 Page 8 of 11
Step 3 - Determine the LRFD design moment of the beam Mn in units of kN-m:
Mn = 0.9FyZx
where: Fy = 345 N/mm2 Zx = 1,089,742 mm3
Lecture 26 Page 9 of 11
Example 6 ACI Concrete Beam Analysis GIVEN: The rectangular concrete beam shown below. All loads are factored and includes beam weight. Use fc = 25 mPa and 3 20 mm diameter bars having fy = 400 mPa. REQUIRED: 1) Determine the ACI 318 factored moment capacity, Mu of the beam in units of kN-m. 2) Determine the ACI 318 factored moment capacity of the beam in units of Kip-Feet. 250
350
act =
As bd
942.5mm 2 (250mm)(350mm)
= 0.0108
Lecture 26 Page 10 of 11
Lecture 26 Page 11 of 11