T (1) m

, 1 2
0 .
i) E k, 2k 1 2
,
ii) .
,
t=0 .
iii) E

v0,
.

: i)
1, 2 x1
x2
!
(. 1)
! mg

!
! N
F1,0 , F2,0
, :
F1,0 = F2,0 !

kx1 = 2kx2 ! x1 = 2x2

(1)

1
E L1, L2 1 2
:

AB = L1 + L2 + x1 + x2 "
# !
AB = L1 + L2 + ! 0 + ! 0 $

x1 + x2 = 2! 0

(2)

A (1) (2) :
x2 = 2! 0 / 3 < ! 0 x1 = 4! 0 / 3 > ! 0

X0
:
X0 = x1 - ! 0 = 4! 0 / 3 - ! 0 = ! 0 / 3

(3)

ii) E t
!
x (. 2) ,
,
! !
. F1, F2

2
1, 2 ,
:

!F(x) = F1 - F2 = F1,0 - kx - (F2,0 + 2kx)

!F(x) = F1,0 - F2,0 - 3kx = -3kx

(4)

H (4) ...
3k.
t=0 0
, :
# 3k
"&
x = X0! %
t+ (
2'
$ m

(3)

x=

% 3k (
!0
"#$'
t*
3
& m )

(5)

iii) K t (t0)
,
(

 ) t
, :
mvmax + 0 = (m + M)v'max !

(6)

v'max = mvmax/m + M

vmax v'max
. E
-
t, :
!K =

K=

mv2max Mv20 (M + m)v'2max

+
2
2
2

(6)

mv2max Mv20 (M + m)m2v2max

+
2
2
2(M + m)2

!K =

mv2max Mv20
m2v2max
+
!
2
2
2(M + m)

!K =

(m2 + Mm)v2max Mv20

m2v2max
+
!
2(M + m)
2
2(M + m)

!K =

Mmv2max Mv20
+
2(M + m)
2

(7)

vmax :
vmax = X0

3k ! 0
=
m
3

3k
m

(7) :
2

Mm # " 0 & 3k Mv20

!K =
+
% (
2(M + m) $ 3 ' m
2

&
Mk" 20
Mv20 M # k" 20
!K =
+
=
+ v20 (
%
6(M + m)
2
2 $ 3(M + m)
'

:
T ... 3k,
0/3.
P.M. fysikos

T (3) m
,
k,
. E
,

.
i) N
.
ii) N
!
. g .

: i)
,
!
!
!
wx w , F!"
, :
wx = F!"

2mg!" = kx# ! x! = 2mg"# / k

(1)

x
.
,

3
!

w/2,

g.
... k 2x,
:

g!" = # 2x* !

g!" = (k/2m)x* !
(1)

x* = 2mg!" / k !

(2)

x* = x!
!

... x*

!
. v*
:
(2)

v* = ! (2x" )2 - x2*
k 2mg!"
2m
k

v* =

(1)

v* = ! (2x" )2 - x"2 = ! x" 3 !

6m
k

3 = g!"

(3)

ii)
...
k
mg/k. (2)
,
!
x'*
:
(4)

x'* = 2mg!" / k - mg!" / k = mg!" / k

!

v* :
v* = !' x' - x'*
2
0

(3),(4)

6m
g!"
=
k

# mg!" &
k
x'02 - %
(
m
k '
$

2
# 6m&
k ) 2 # mg!" & ,
+ x'0 - %
g ! " %
( =
( . !
k ' .
$ k ' m+
$
*
2

6m2g2! 2"
2 # mg!" &
=
x'
-%
(
0
k '
$
k2
x'02 =

7m2g2! 2"
k2

x'0 =

mg!"
k

(5)

x0
.
P.M. fysikos

M , m L,
,
! O. m/2,
v x ,
.
i) x

;
ii)
x ;
I=ML2!/3 ,
g .
YH: i) K t
, -
,
(
,
), :

(m/2)vx + 0 = (mx2/2 + I)! ! mvx/2 = (mx2/2 + mL2/3)! !

3vx = (3x2 + 2L2 )! ! ! =

3vx
3v
=
2
3x + 2L
3x + 2L2 / x
2

(1)

4
!
! ,
,
! . A2 (1)
! 3x+2L /x
. (3x)(2L2/x)
6L2/3, 3x+2L2/x :

3x = 2L2 / x ! 3x2 = 2L2

! x = L 2/3

(2)

!
! :
!max =

3v
6L 2/3

2v
L

3
2

(3)

ii) A -
!
!max .
,
, , :
0

(4)

5
E -

,

K!"# + U!"# = K"$ + U"$ !

! m 2 mL2 $ ' 2max
L m
L m
# 2 x + 3 & 2 - mg 2 - 2 gx = K() + mg 2 + 2 gx !
"
%
! m 2 mL2 $ ' 2max
# 2 x + 3 & 2 = K() + mgL + mgx
"
%

(2),(3)

! m 2L2 mL2 $ 4v2 3

2
!
=
K
+
mgL
+
mgL
'(
# 2 3 + 3 &
3
"
% 2L2 2

2mL2 3v2
2
!
= K!" + mgL + mgL
2
3
3
L

2mv = K!" + mgL 1 + 2/3

! K!" = 2mv - mgL 1 + 2/3

2mv2 - mgL 1 + 2/3 ! 0 ! v2 !

gL "
2%
1
+
2 $#
3 '&

(4)

(5)

(5) .
P.M. fysikos

A
!
(6) F


!
. F

,
,
n.
i) N

,
!
F .
ii)
n;
m ,

!
, g
,
R .

: i) A
!
, F

C
!
F
.

!
mg !
T

!
N.
,
:

!
" !
Fy + N = mg #

&
&
F!"#$ = T
T = F!"#$
' !
'
F%$ + N = mg (
N = mg - F%$ (

Fx = T

(1)

6
=nN, (1) :
F!"#$ = n(mg - F%$ ) !

F(!"#$ + n%$) = nmg

(2)

n=, (2) :
F(!"#$ + %&' ($) = nmg !

F(!"#$ + %& %$ / !"#&) = nmg !

F(!"#$!"#% + &% &$ ) = nmg!"#% !

F=

F!"#($ - %) = nmg!"#% !

nmg!"#$
!"#(% - $)

(3)

(4), ! ,
F
(-)=1, -=0 =,
:
! = "#$ %& (n)

(4)

T (3) :
nmg

Fmin = nmg!"#$ =

1 + %& 2$

Fmin =

nmg
1 + n2

(5)

ii)
:
(1)

Fmin r - TR= I!' !

Fmin r - FminR!"#$ = I% ' !

(5)
!R
R $
!
Fmin # =
I''
&
"2
1 + n2 %

!'=

nmgR " 1
1 %
$
'
I 1 + n2 # 2
1 + n2 &

nmgR ! 1
1 $
#
& = I'' !
1 + n2 " 2
1 + n2 %
! !'=

nmgR
2I(1 + n2 )

1 + n2 - 2

(6)

! ' . (6)
:
1 + n2 - 2 > 0 ! 1 + n2 > 4 ! n > 3

P.M. fysikos

M,
(7). m,

k, ,

! . m,
v .
i) N
- .
ii) N ;
YH: i) K
, -

, :
mv + 0 = (m + m)V ! V = v/2

(1)

!
V T


! ,
!
F'!" , F!"

!
. H F'!"
.
,
!
V! ,

--,
:

mv + 0 + 0 = (M + 2m)V! ! V! = mv/(M + 2m)

(2)

E -
,
, :

M + 2m V!2 kx2
2mV2
=
+
2
2
2

(1),(3)

! v$
2m # &
" 2%

( M + 2m) m v
=
( M + 2m)

mv2 ! 1
m $
mv 2
m 2v2
= Kx2 ! x2 =
# &
k " 2 M + 2m%
2
M + 2m
mv2 !
M $
mM
x =
#
& ! x=v
2k " M + 2m%
2k(M + 2m)
2

+ kx2 !

(3)

x
ii) T
x
!
!
F'!" , a
N :
F =Ma ! kx=Ma ! a =

a=

kv
M

kx (3)
!
M

mM
v
kmM
=
2K(M + 2m) M 2(M + 2m)

P.M. fysikos

M,
.
m,

</2, v0. E
, .

YH:

!
v0.

! ,
v ,
!
v0.

x ,
:
!
"
!
!
(1)
mv0x + 0 = MV + mvx ! mv0x = MV - mvx
!
!
V , vx
!
!
v v0x
!
v0. :

vx = v0 vx = v
(1) :
mv0 = MV - mv ! MV = mv0 + mv

(2)

8

, :
(2)

mv02 /2 + 0 = MV2/2 + mv2/2 !

mv02 = M[mv0!" + mv!" )/ M]2 + mv2 !
mMv02 = m2v022 + m2v22 + 2m2v0v2 + Mmv2 !
mv22 + Mv2 + 2mv0v2 + mv022 - Mv02 = 0 !

(m! 2" + M)v2 + (2mv0! 2" )v + v02 (m! 2" - M) = 0

(3)

H (3) v,
= 4m2v024 - 4(m2 + M)v02 (m2 - M) !
= 4m2v024 - 4m2v024 + 4v02M2 = 4v02M2 > 0
(3) . (3)
:
2mv0! 2"
A=< 0
m! 2" + M
:

! =

v02 (m" 2# - M)
m" 2# + M

E <0, M>m2, (3) ,

. A M<m2, (3)
,
.
P.M. fysikos