Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Polymer Solubility
Polymer Solubility
Solvents Isopropylamine, aniline Morpholine, water Aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, THF, esters, ketones Alcohols, water, dilute aqueous alkali Phenylenediamines, ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid Benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons, methyl ethyl ketone DMF, DMSO, tetramethylurea DMF Hydrocarbons, THF, higher ketones m-Cresol, chlorophenol, formic acid Trifluoroacetic acid, aqueous solutions of cupriethylenediamine Aqueous alkali Methylene chloride, THF, ethylene carbonate Benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyridine Above 80C: halogenated hydrocarbons, higher aliphatic esters and ketones Sulfuric acid Trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate, phenol, chlorophenol Chloroform, alcohols, esters At elevated temperature: phenol, aniline, ethylene carbonate Trichloroethanol, phenols, sulfuric acid Chlorinated hydrocarbons, THF, aliphatic ethers Hydrocarbons, THF, higher ketones Chloroform, dioxane Dioxane, ethers, ketones Benzene, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone Alcohols, water, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide Biphenyl, phenyl ether Methylene chloride, DMSO Xylene (hot), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (hot) Above 80C: halogenated hydrocarbons, higher aliphatic esters and ketones Benzene, chloroform, ethanol m-Cresol, conc. sulfuric acid Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters Benzene, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate Perfluorokerosene (350C) Biphenyl, dichlorobiphenyl Phenol, m-cresol, formic acid Phenol, m-cresol, formic acid Benzene, chloroform, THF Toluene, chloroform, methanol Glycols (hot), water, piperazine Methylene chloride, alcohols, ketones THF, methyl ethyl ketone Chloroform, chlorobenzene, dioxane THF(hot), trichloroethane Cyclohexanone, ethylene carbonate Chloroform, ethanol, pyridine
46
A more extensive selection is found in Polymer Handbook, Eds. Brandrup, J.; Immergut, E.H.; Grulke, E.A., 4th Edition, John Wiley, New York, 1999, VII /497-535. Aldrich Catalog Number Z41,247-3.
Table II: Solubility Parameters for Plasticizers and Solvents (Alphabetical sequence)
Solvent (cal/cm3)F H-Bonding Strength 3 Solvent (cal/cm 3)F F H-Bonding Strength 3
Acetone Acetonitrile Amyl acetate Aniline Benzene Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol Butyl butyrate Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Cresol Cyclohexanol Diamyl ether Diamyl phthalate Dibenzyl ether Dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl sebacate 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Diethyl carbonate Di(ethylene glycol) Di(ethylene glycol) monobutyl ether (Butyl Carbitol) Di(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether (Carbitol) Diethyl ether Diethyl ketone Diethyl phthalate Di-n-hexyl phthalate Diisodecyl phthalate N,N-Dimethylacetamide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethylformamide Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsiloxanes Dimethyl sulfoxide Dioctyl adipate Dioctyl phthalate
2
9.9 11.9 8.5 10.3 9.2 8.3 11.4 8.1 10.0 8.6 9.5 9.3 10.2 11.4 7.3 9.1 9.4 9.3 9.2 10.0 8.8 12.1 9.5 10.2 7.4 8.8 10.0 8.9 7.2 10.8 8.8 12.1 10.7 4.9-5.9 12.0 8.7 7.9
m p m s p m s m p p p p s s m m m m m p m s m m m m m m m m m m m p m m m
Dioctyl sebacate 1,4-Dioxane Di(propylene glycol) Di(propylene glycol) monomethyl ether Dipropyl phthalate Ethyl acetate Ethyl amyl ketone Ethyl n-butyrate Ethylene carbonate Ethylene dichloride Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol diacetate Ethylene glycol diethyl ether Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (Butyl Cellosolve) Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Cellosolve) Furfuryl alcohol Glycerol Hexane Isopropyl alcohol Methanol Methyl amyl ketone Methylene chloride Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Propyl acetate 1,2-Propylenecarbonate Propylene glycol Propylene glycol methyl ether Pyridine 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) Tetrahydrofuran Toluene Water
8.6 10.0 10.0 9.3 9.7 9.1 8.2 8.5 14.7 9.8 14.6 10.0 8.3 8.6 9.5 10.5 12.5 16.5 7.3 8.8 14.5 8.5 9.7 9.3 8.4 8.8 13.3 12.6 10.1 10.7 9.7 9.3 9.1 8.9 23.4
m m s m m m m m m p s m m m m m s s p m s m p m m m m s m s p p m p s
Polymer Handbook, Eds. Brandrup, J.; Immergut, E.H.; Grulke, E.A., 4th Edition, John Wiley, New York, 1999, VII /675-711. Aldrich Catalog Number Z41,247-3. 3 H-Bonding: p= poor; m = moderate; s = strong
47
Dimethylsiloxanes Diisodecyl phthalate Hexane Diamyl ether Diethyl ether Dioctyl phthalate Butyl butyrate Ethyl amyl ketone Ethylene glycol diethyl ether Butyl acetate Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl amyl ketone Amyl acetate Ethyl n-butyrate Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Carbon tetrachloride Dioctyl sebacate Dioctyl adipate Isopropyl alcohol Diethyl carbonate Propyl acetate Diethyl ketone Dimethyl ether Toluene Di-n-hexyl phthalate Ethyl acetate Diamyl phthalate Tetrahydrofuran Dibutyl sebacate Benzene Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) Di(propylene glycol) monomethyl ether Chloroform Dibutyl phthalate Methyl ethyl ketone Dibenzyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (Butyl Cellosolve)
4
4.9-5.9 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5
p m p m m m m m m m m m m m m p m m m m m m m p m m m m m p p m p m m m m
Di(ethylene glycol) monobutyl ether (Butyl Carbitol) Chlorobenzene Methylene chloride Dipropyl phthalate 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Ethylene dichloride Acetone 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Diethyl phthalate Ethylene glycol diacetate Di(propylene glycol) Carbon disulfide 1,4-Dioxane Propylene glycol methyl ether Di(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether (Carbitol) Cresol Aniline Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Cellosolve) Pyridine Dimethyl phthalate N,N-Dimethylacetamide Cyclohexanol Butyl alcohol Acetonitrile Dimethyl sulfoxide Di(ethylene glycol) N,N-Dimethylformamide Furfuryl alcohol Propylene glycol 1,2-Propylenecarbonate Methanol Ethylene glycol Ethylene carbonate Glycerol Water
9.5 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.5 10.7 10.7 10.8 11.4 11.4 11.9 12.0 12.1 12.1 12.5 12.6 13.3 14.5 14.6 14.7 16.5 23.4
m p p m p p m p m m s p m m m s s m s m m s s p m s m s s m s s m s s
48
Repeating Unit
Acrylonitrile Butyl acrylate Butyl methacrylate Cellulose Cellulose acetate (56% Ac groups) Cellulose nitrate (11.8% N) Chloroprene Dimethylsiloxane Ethyl acrylate Ethylene Ethylene terephthalate Ethyl methacrylate Formaldehyde (Oxymethylene) Hexamethylene adipamide (Nylon 6/6) n-Hexyl methacrylate Isobornyl acrylate 1,4-cis-Isoprene Isoprene, natural rubber Isobutylene Isobornyl methacrylate Isobutyl methacrylate Lauryl methacrylate Methacrylonitrile Methyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Octyl methacrylate Propyl acrylate Propylene Propylene oxide Propyl methacrylate Stearyl methacrylate Styrene Tetrafluoroethylene Tetrahydrofuran Vinyl acetate Vinyl alcohol Vinyl chloride Vinylidene chloride
5
12.5 9.0 8.8 15.6 27.8 14.8 9.4 7.5 9.5 8.0 10.7 9.0 9.9 13.6 8.6 8.2 8.0 8.2 7.8 8.1 7.2 8.2 10.7 10.0 9.5 8.4 9.0 9.3 7.5 8.8 7.8 8.7 6.2 9.4 10.0 12.6 9.5 12.2
Tetrafluoroethylene Isobutyl methacrylate Dimethylsiloxane Propylene oxide Isobutylene Stearyl methacrylate Ethylene 1,4-cis-Isoprene Isobornyl methacrylate Isoprene, natural rubber Lauryl methacrylate Isobornyl acrylate Octyl methacrylate n-Hexyl methacrylate Styrene Propyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Ethyl methacrylate Butyl acrylate Propyl acrylate Propylene Chloroprene Tetrahydrofuran Methyl methacrylate Ethyl acrylate Vinyl chloride Formaldehyde (Oxymethylene) Methyl acrylate Vinyl acetate Methacrylonitrile Ethylene terephthalate Vinylidene chloride Acrylonitrile Vinyl alcohol Hexamethylene adipamide(Nylon 6/6) Cellulose nitrate (11.8% N) Cellulose Cellulose acetate (56% Ac groups)
6.2 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.7 10.7 12.2 12.5 12.6 13.6 14.8 15.6 27.8
Values reported are for homopolymers of the Repeating Unit. Reported d values vary with the method of determination and test conditions. Averaged values are given in this table.
49