PHNG TRNH LNG GIC A V CNG GC , CNG LG

1) Gii phng trnh lng gic sau : 3cos os2 cos3 2sin sin 2 1 x c x x x x +
(Cao ng s phm Qung Nam 2005)
Bi gii :
2 3 2
2 3 2
2 3 3
2
3cos os2 cos3 2sin sin 2 1
3cos 2 os 1 4 os 3cos 4sin . os 1
3cos 2 os 1 4 os 3cos 4(1 os ). os 1
3cos 2 os 1 4 os 3cos 4cos 4 os 1
2 os 2cos 0
2cos (cos 1) 0
cos
x c x x x x
x c x c x x x c x
x c x c x x c x c x
x c x c x x x c x
c x x
x x
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
,
0
2
cos 1
2
k l Z
x x k
x
x l

2) Gii phng trnh sau : sin3 os2 1 2sin .cos 2 x c x x x + + .

(i hc kinh t - K thut cn th khi A nm 2005)
Bi gii :
3 2 2
3 2 3
2
sin3 os2 1 2sin .cos 2
3sin 4sin 1 2sin 1 2sin (1 2sin )
3sin 4sin 1 2sin 1 2sin 4sin .
2sin sin 0
sin (2sin 1) 0
sin 0
2
1
6 sin
2
,
5
2
6
x c x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
x k
x
x l
x
x
k l Z
l

+ +
+ +
+ +

3) Gii phng trnh sau :

2
sin3 sin sin 2 .cos cos x x x x x + .
(Cao ng bn tre 2005)
Bi gii :
2
3 2 2
3 3 2
3 2
sin3 sin sin 2 .cos cos .
3sin 4sin sin 2sin . os os
3sin 4sin sin 2sin 2sin 1 sin
2sin sin 2sin 1 0
2
2
3
sin 1
2
2
sin 1
2
1
sin 6
2
7
2
6
x x x x x
x x x x c x c x
x x x x x x
x x x
x k
x
x l
x
x t
x
x t

+
+
+ +
+

, , k l t Z

4) Gii phng trnh lng gic sau :

2
cos3 cos 2 2cos sin x x x x +
Bi gii :
( )
2
3 2 2
3 2
2
cos3 cos 2 2cos sin
4 os 3cos 2 os 1 2cos 1 os
4 os os 5cos 0
cos 4 os os 5 0
cos 0
cos 1
2
2
5
cos
4
,
x x x x
c x x c x x c x
c x c x x
x c x c x
x
x k
x
x
k
x
l
l
Z

+
+ +
+
+

5) Gii phng trnh sau :

4
os2 os 2 0 c x c x +
(Cao ng ti chnh k ton IV 2005)
Bi gii :
4
2 4
4 2
2
2
os2 os 2 0
2cos 1 os 2 0
os 2 os 3 0
os 1
cos 1
os 3
c x c x
x c x
c x c x
c x
x x k
c
k Z
x

+
+
+

t

6) Gii phng trnh :

4 4
sin os 1 1
cot 2
5sin 2 2 8sin 2
x c x
g x
x x
+

( tham kho 2002 )
Bi gii :
k :
2
x k

4 4
2
2
2
2
sin os 1 1
cot 2
5sin 2 2 8sin 2
2 sin 2 cos 2 1
10sin 2 2sin 2 8sin 2
8 4sin 2 20 os2 5
8 4(1 cos 2 ) 20cos 2 5
4cos 2 20cos 2 9 0
1
os2
2
2 2
9 3 6
cos 2
2
x c x
g x
x x
x x
x x x
x c x
x x
x x
c x
x k x k
x


+

t + t +

7) Gii phng trnh sau :

2
os2 cos (2 1) 2 c x x tg x +
( tham kho 2003)
Bi gii :
k :
cos 0
2
x x k

+
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
3 2 2
3 2
os2 cos (2 1) 2
sin
2cos 1 cos 2 1 2
cos
2sin cos
2cos 1 2
cos
2cos cos 2sin cos 2cos
2cos 3 os 3cos 2 0
cos 1
2
cos 2
2
1 3
cos
2
c x x tg x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x x x x
x c x x
x
x k
x
x l
x

+
_
+

,
_
+

,
+
+

t +

, k l Z
8) Gii phng trnh lng gic sau :
2
cot 4sin 2
sin 2
gx tgx x
x
+
(H C Khi B Nm 2003)
Bi gii :
K :
2
k
x

2
2
2
cot 4sin 2
sin 2
2cos 2 2
4sin 2
sin 2 sin 2
4sin 2 2cos 2 2 0
4cos 2 2cos 2 2 0
cos 2 1
2 1
2 cos 2
3 2
2
2
3
,
gx
k l Z
tgx x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x k x
x l x
x l

+
+
+





t

+

t +
9) Tm x thuc an [0;14] nghim ng phng trnh
cos3 4 os2 3cos 4 0 x c x x +
(i hc , cao ng khi D nm 2002)
Bi gii :
3 2
3 2
2
cos3 4 os2 3cos 4 0
4cos 3cos 8 os 4 3cos 4 0
4cos 8 os 0
4cos (cos 2) 0
cos 0
2
x c x x
x x c x x
x c x
x x
x
x k

+
+ +



+
V x thuc an [0;14] nn k = {0;1;2;3}
Vy nghim ca pt l :
3 5 7
; ; ;
2 2 2 2
x

' ;

10)Gii phng trnh sau :
2 2
cos 3 .cos 2 cos 0 x x x
(H C Khi A 2005)
Bi gii :
2 2
4 2
4 2
2
2
cos 3 .cos 2 cos 0
1 cos 6 1 cos 2
cos 2 0
2 2
cos 2 4 os 2 3cos 2 1 cos 2 0
4cos 2 3 os 2 1 0
cos 2 1
cos 2 1
1
2
os 2
4
x x x
x x
x
x c x x x
x c x
x
k
x x
c x


+ +

+

11) Tm m pt sau c nghim :

4 4 6 6 2
4(sin cos ) 4(sin cos ) sin 4 x x x x x m + +
.
Gii :
4 4 6 6 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 4
4 2
4(sin cos ) 4(sin cos ) sin 4
sin 2 3sin 2
4 1 4 1 4sin 2 (1 sin 2 )
2 4
4 2sin 2 4 3sin 2 4sin 2 4sin 2
4sin 2 3sin 2 (*)
x x x x x m
x x
x x m
x x x x m
x x m
+ +
_ _


, ,
+ +

t
2
sin 2 0 t 1 t x th phng trnh (*) tr thnh :
2
4 3 (1) t t m
Vy phng (*) c nghim th phng (1) c nghim vi 0 t 1
Ta c :
S nghim ca pt (*) l s giao im hai th :
2
( ) 4 3
( )
f t t t
f t m

'

trn 0 t 1
Xt hm s :
2
( ) 4 3 f t t t trn 0 t 1
- TX : R.
- o hm :
3
'( ) 8 3 ; '( ) 0
8
f t t f t t
t - 0 3/8 1 +
f(t) - 0 +
f(t)
0

1

39
16

Vy :
39
1
16
m
12) Cho phng trnh :
6 6
2 2
cos sin
2 2
cos sin
x x
mtg x
x x
+

(*)
a) Gii phng trnh khi m =
1
8
.
b) Tm m phng trnh c nghim .
Gii :
2
2
2
2
sin 2
1 3
4
2 2 cos 2 0
cos 2 4 2
4 3sin 2
2 2
4cos 2
4 3sin 2 sin 2
2
4cos 2 cos 2
4 3sin 2 8 sin 2
x
mtg x x x k
x
x
mtg x
x
x x
m
x x
x m x

_
+

,

t t = sin2x (-1 < t < 1) h pt c dng : 4 3t
2
= 8mt (*)
a) Khi m = 1/8 th pt (*) c dng : 3t
2
+ t 4 = 0
1
1 sin 2 1
4
4
3
t
t x x k
t

b) S nghim ca phng trnh (*) l s giao im hai th :

2
3 4
( )
8
( )
t
f t
t
f t m
+

'

trn (-1;1)
Xt hm s :
2
3 4
( )
8
t
f t
t
+

TX : D = R\{0}

2
2
24 32
'( ) 0
64
t
f t
t

< .
t - -1 0 1 +
f(t) - -
f(t)
-1
/
8

+
-
1
/
8
Vy :
1
8
1
8
m
m

<

>

13) Cho phng trnh : 2cos .cos 2 .cos3 7cos 2 x x x x m (1)

nh m phng trnh c nghim duy nht x
0,
2
1

1
]
Gii :
Phng trnh tng ng vi :
2 2
3 2
2cos .cos 2 .cos3 7cos 2
cos2 (2cos 2 1) cos 2 7cos 2
2cos 2 cos 2 8cos 2 (*)
x x x x m
x x x x m
x x x m

+
+
t t = cos2x ; Vi x
0,
2
1

1
]
th 1 1 t
Lc phng trnh tr thnh : 2t
3
+ t
2
8t = - m (2)
S nghim ca pt (2)l s giao im hai th :
3 2
( ) 2 8
( )
f t t t t
f t m
+
'

Vi 1 1 t
Xt hm s f(t) = 2t
3
+ t
2
8t
f(t) = 6t
2
+ 2t 8
f(t) = 0
1
4
3
t
t

Bng bin thin :

t -
-4
/
3
-1 1 +
f(t) + 0 - - 0 +
f(t) 8
-5.
* L lun nghim :

x
1
-1 1
- ng vi 1 nghim t thuc [-1;1] th phng t = cos2x c ng 1 nghim thuc
0;
2
1
1
]
Do phng trnh (1) c nghim duy nht x thuc
0;
2
1
1
]
khi v ch khi phng
trnh (2) c nghim duy nht t thuc [-1;1] .
T bng bin thin ta suy ra : phng trnh (2) c tha mn khi v ch khi :
5 8 8 5 m m .
t
1
14) Cho phng trnh : 4cos
3
x + (m-3) cosx 1 = cos2x .
a) Gii phng trnh khi m = 1.
b) Tm m phng trnh c 4 nghim phn bit thuc khang
;
2

,
(Cao ng s phm H Ni nm 2005)
Gii :
3 2
3 2
2
2
2
4 os ( 3) cos 1 2cos 1
4 os 2 os ( 3) cos 0
cos 4cos 2cos ( 3) 0
cos 0
4cos 2cos ( 3) 0

2
4cos 2
;
2
cos 3 (*)
c x m x x
c x c x m x
x x x m
x
x m
x
x x m
x
x

+
+
1 +
]

t t = cosx ( 1 1 t < ) (*) tr thnh : 4t

2
2t 3 = - m (1)
Theo v gii th ta phi cho phng trnh (1) c ng 3 nghim thuc
;
2

,
Ch ny khng ly v y l nghim m ta chn ri
-1 0 1

t
1

t
2
Qua hnh v ta thy c 3 nghim x th phi c hai nghim t
1
, t
2
sao cho :
-1<t
1
<0<t
2
<1
T (1) ta thy :
S nghim ca phng trnh (1) l s giao im hai th :
2
( ) 4 2 3
( )
f t t t
f t m

'

Xt th : f(t) = 4t
2
2t 3
TX : D = R .
f(t) = 8t 2 ; f(t) = 0 th x = 1/4
t - -1 0 1 +
f(t) - 0 +
f(t)
3

-1
-m
-3
Qua s ta thy : -3<-m<-1 hay 1<m<3