0Z0U

0Z0U-CALENDAR

sP-eUwP AZAU

AZAU Cx PAqg C A Cx A DU

UU wAi AiP Uvz. Aiizzg QAiqz

J Uv JAzg PZgP Avz AiiU
DZjP JAz z wAi.AZAUU vA
GAiP.

Natural and world calendar: Calendar is useful know

about the happenings in past or future. It is useful to

know the dates of past things like festival days, or
when it should be performed.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

zz DAii zP CUtV AZAU

gZAiiv.b ag gU z DZgu IvUU

AAzslUEv. GAiz zU ZAz ZAi
zZgu UvUwv.

Formerly calendar was calculated limited to some

areas, or country. Where there is much cold it followed

the seasons. In hot areas it followed the Moons
movement.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Ff GQ jAi AiAz Zgu

DgAsUwv. gA idz Q. 46gl z

AZAU gAsU AAiiv.

In Egypt year starts when Nail river over flows. In

Rome 46 BC almanac was formulated.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Julius Caesar, RUdz sosigenes AiAv

PAqg gAsv.
gAsUwv.

z 19P M

Julius caesar, on Astronomist Sosigeness advise

formulated the calandar. Year then starts once in 19

years.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

f445 U GzVz 365U 6WAmU

VAiAv PAqg z. iaAzgAsV

sjAi VAiwv. 12wAUz 11wAUU 3031UV AUrz,12wAU28Uv.

Sosigenes formulated the calendar by reducing the

days in a year from 445 days to 365 days and 6 hours.

Year starts from March and ends at February. There are
12 months in a year 1 months are of 30 or 31 days and
last month has only 28 days.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

4UU MAz eAiiV j

wAU29Uv.F PAqg julian calendar,JAz

SwAiiv.1600 dAi PAqg Cvzv.

For every four years excess one day was added to

February. This calendar was called as Julian Calendar.

This calendar was in force for 1600 years.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

15 viz Easter dAi PAqg

giQAv MAzg AzEv. Sixtus d

Cg Dz,Regiomontanus U PAqg jiq
wz.Dzg DPPV gtAz.

In 15th century Easter came one week before, than solar

calendar. Pope Sixtus asked the German astronomer

Regiomontanus to rectify the mistake. But he died a
unexpectedly.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

1545 Pope paul III PAqg g vU jr

MAz Pnir PAqg jU Mrz.

Father Christopher clavius zuUU U Pl.

In 1545 Pope Paul III appointed a committee to rectify

the mistakes. Father Christopher clavius gave

suggestions for modifications.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

F J zuUU, PAqg DeEv Pope

Gregory XII.Thursday oct 4 1582PAqg

Pgtv.Fg Equinox U(Ai sdP
gSAizg U v gw Vgvz) 11 z v Av.

Pope Gregory XII.Thursday oct 4 1582 ordered to effect
the changes and new calendar was formed. Easter differed
from equinox day by 11 days. ( when Sun is on equator day
and night will be of same duration)

0Z0U-CALENDAR

1582 CPg 4 CPg 15 JAz

jUtzg.FPAqg FU PAig UUjAi

PAqg

1582 October 4th was considered as October 15th. This is

the calendar known as Gregorian calendar which is

still in use.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Leap year formula z nP jAi

DVz Aioysius Giglio . P MLeap year

gvz.4jAz sUUP. Ezzg Pz PAqg
DVz.

Leap year formula was formulated by a librarian at

Vatican Aioysius Giglio. Leap year comes once in

four years. Year number should be a multiple of 4. This
is most correct calendar.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

UUjAi PAqg 400U Dv Ag

PAqg.400P 1,46,097(MAz P vg gz
vAv)U Az.Ez7jAz sVzg V
sUUvz,UVMAzgP K U.

Gregorian calendar cantains 400 years cycle. 400 years

contains 1,46,097 days. It gets divided completely by 7.

So there are 7days for a week.

0Z0U-CALENDAR
Vaara
Shani
Guru
Kuja
Ravi
Shukra
Budha
Chandr
a


 date
5
6
7
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11

Date
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19
20
21
22
23
24
01

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Average length of year is 365.2425 days.It is very near to

tropical tear. At 2500 there can be a difference of one

day .

M0z P gj 365.2425 U. 2500 zwU MAz
z v gvz.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

FzuU J zzg vPt

MP.catholicZag vPt zuAi Mzg. Dzg

protestant g M.julian calendar
Azjzg.1700gwU protestant vz zgUz
d,zgAq FzuAi MPAq.

All countries not accepted the change. Cathlics agreed
immediately. But protestants not agreed and continued to
follow Julian calendar. By 1700 Protestants mainly in
Germany and Netherland agreed.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

.l v C gUev 1752g MPArv.g gz

PAwAigU PAiPv-1918.1987gUzg
AZzzAv 40 jwAi AZAU wzg.

Britain along with subordinate countries agreed on

1752. Russia after the revolution in 1918 agreed to it. By

1987 if we see there are more than 40 varieties of
almanacs are in use.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Januaryjanuss Month.Janus is Roamn god. This is god of Doors

with two sided face. January is festive day of this god. Jz

g zv. V zv.Jgq R Jgq QU qAvz.F
zv z wAU JANUARY.

February,Month of Februa.Februa is the Roman festival of
purification.The festival is on February -15BC .z 27
Uv.dAi PAqg 28

March-Mars.

Mars is the Roman God war. Greek Aiz zv.Ez Aiz gAsz

wAU.Ariesev UwPv.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

April-Aphrodites Month.

Aphrodite-Greek Goddess of love and beauty.F zvRoman

zv.
Venus ev Uw Pz.

MAY-Maias month.Maia The great one JAz Cx. Italic
Goddess of spring

June-Junos month.Jono principle Goddess of Roman.Goddess
of marriage.

July Julius caesars month. 46BcAiPAqg reform
irzU v g v UAv irz.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

August-Augustus month.Julian calendarvAiijU CU Pq

evAiEz.v g jz. While calculating the calender

Agustus is also present. He included his name.
September-Seventh month.
October-The eighth month.
November-Nineth month.
December-Tenth month.
Dec-17U P gw e. Short day and lengthy night
Jun-21-gw Pr U Z Short night and lengthy day
Mar-20]
Sep-23] EQUINOX

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Indian calendar


Indian national calendar


sgwAi gAi AZAU

sgwAig UU PJAz PgAivg. sgwAig

wAUU PvP AAzs nzVz.ZAz tAi Aii

Pvz Egv D jAz D wAU PgAivg.

Indians call year as Shaka. Indian months are related to

stars. Month is named by Stars. That is Position of the
Moon on Poornima day decides the name of the
month.

0Z0U-CALENDAR


Name of the Star in which  

month
Moon


Chaitra
Chitta

!
!#
Vaishakha
Vishakha

Zv-av; R-R; e-e; Dqs--qs/G$%(
$%(
Jyestha
qs; t-Jyestha
t; zz--z
/G-z;Dd-C;
*
Ashada
PwP-PwP; Purvashada
iUg-Ug;*
-; iW-S;
!
st--sShravana
t/G-st. !
Shraavana
-
Badrapada
Uttarabhadra -
/0
/0
Ashvija
Ashvini
12
12
Kartika
Kruttika
32/2
32/2
Maargashira
Mrugashira
4%
4%
Pushya
Pushyami
3
3
Maagha
Makha
68
Phalguna
Uttaraphalgun 68

0Z0U-CALENDAR

Indian meteorological department fixes festivals and

publish Astronomical ephemeris E g Avz

U U rvg. :;< >? PlUvz.

Q.79 jAz sdPz vg g gAz JtP
gAsUvz.1957g calendar reforms commite
gAsv.w365U,leap year 366U.

In 79 Ad Year starts from the day when Sun comes on
Equator. In 1957 Calendar reforms committee started. It
decided 365 days in a year and 366 days in leap year.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

sgvzlongitud82-30-latitude 23-11P

jAiiV,PZgQ,wAUUsVzg.-gzAiAz
EAz gzAizgU. wAU CiAz EAz
Ci gU.CPi g 13 wAUU,Cz Jgq Cx
g UU gvz.

In India The Longitude of 82-30 and Latitude of 23-11 was

taken as Indian Mid point. On this baisis we divied

months, that is Amavasya to next Amavasya. Day that is
Sun rise to next Sun rise. Adhikamasa which comes every 23 years when there will be 13 months.

0Z0U-CALENDAR

1.Zv30 UiZ22jAz gAs.

2.R-31UK 21jAz gAs.
3.e--31U 22jAz gAs.
4.Dqs31Ud 22jAz gAs.
5.t31Ud23jAz gAs.
6. zz31 UDU 23jAz gAs.
7.D---30U-----Ag 23jAz gAs.
1. Chaitra -30 Days Stars from March 21st.
2. Vaishakha-31 days Starts from April 21st.
3. Jyestha- 31 days Starts from May 22nd.
4. Ashada- 31 days- Starts from June 22nd.
5. Shravana -31 Days starts from July 23rd.
6. Bhadrapada -31 days Starts from August 23rd.
7. Aashvina - 30 days Starts from September 23rd



0Z0U-CALENDAR

8.PwP30U---CPg 23 jAz gAs.

9.CUAit-30 U--Ag 22 jAz gAs.
10.----30 U---rAg 22jAz gAs.
11.iW30 U---dj 21jAz gAs.
12.st30 U--j 20jAz gAs.
P vgP 78 j 4jAz sVzg, gz Egz leap year
CPiz Uvz.
8. Karthika-30 days Starts from October 23rd.
9. Agrahayana -30 days Starts from November 22nd.
10. Pausha 30 days starts from December 22nd.
11. Magha -30 days Starts from January 21st.
12. Phalguna-30 days Starts from February 20th.
To shaka samvatsara add 78 and divide by 4 .If reminder is zero. That is
leap year.