4

, 2010

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.2
(........ ))

(.. ))

-
(, ,
).
.

,
:
() (
)
() ( )

() (.. )
( , )
() (.. , )
()

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.3
(........ ))

(.. ))

.

.
:
-
-

,
,
.

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.4
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
,
.
: = c + tan
c

= ( u) tan

u
( , )
(-u)
=0.

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.5
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

,



.

Ms=7.5
Niigata, Japan (1967)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.6
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

(.. ).

, 14-08-2003 (Sextos et al, 2005)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.7
(........ ))

(.. ))

:


,

(: 2005)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.8
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

( .. 1994, 2005,
. & . 2009):
() ( )
,
. (
) .
,
(
).
() ( )
- ()
.

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.9
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
:
(a)
(b)
(c)

(d)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.10
(........ ))

(: 2005,
.. 1994)

(.. ))

:
:

( )

.
.


,
.

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.11
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
:
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)
(a) ,
,

(b)
(c)

(d)

(e)-(f)

(: http://www.frankipile.co.id)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.12
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
:

(: www.kubota.co.jp)

( -)
(: www.roadtraffic-technology.com)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.13
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
:

(: www.powerquip.co.kr)

(: www.powerquip.co.kr)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.14
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
:

(: dorisperessin's Gallery )
(: www.chinatowercrane.com)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.15
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
- : (
)
- :

-

-


,
,

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.16
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

( )
( ).
: Qu = Qb + Qs

Qs

Qs

Qb

Qb

(Q

(: 2005)

()






.

<< Qs )

(Q

>> Qs )

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.17
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
: Qu = Qb + Qs
Qb

Qs

D2
Qb =
qb
4

Qs = D (Hi fs,i )
1

D:

D:

qb:
( m )

fs,i:
i ( m
)
i: i

.

qb fs,i

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.18
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
: Q =

Qb Qs
+
3
2

,
.
, .

(~0.1D)

(~0.01D).


.

(: . & . 2009)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.19
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
qb fs,i ,

.
. & . (2009).

qb fs,i
(SPT) (
qc CPT).
,

, :
()
()
DIN4014

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.20
(........ ))

(.. ))

( ):

Qb =

D2
qb
4

:
Nq = t Nq

10 MPa
qb = v,b Nq
4 MPa
v,b

(b: )

= b 3

b + 40
2

Nq

(: Berezantsev et al. 1961

. & . 2009)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.21
(........ ))

(.. ))

( ):
n

Qs = D (Hi fs,i )
1

: fs,i = K v,i tan 100 kPa

v,i

K = 0.7
=

1.0
K=
2.0

tan = 0.75 tan ~ tan

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.22
(........ ))

(.. ))

( ):
fs qb
:
- qc ( CPT)
- ( SPT)

(DIN4014)

(DIN4014)

qc (MPa)

10

15

qc (MPa)

10

15

20

25

fs (kPa)

40

80

120

qb (MPa)

2.0

3.0

3.5

4.0

SPT-CPT (DIN4014)

qc
( MPa) =
N

0.3~0.4

0.5~0.6

0.5~1.0

0.8~1.0

(SPT)
qc (CPT)

fs qb

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.23
(........ ))

(.. ))

( ):
Qb =

:
cu,b

D2
qb
4

qb = 9 cu,b

(b: )
n

Qs = D (Hi fs,i )
1

: fs = cu
cu

= 0.21 +

26
1 (cu kPa)
cu

- . & . (2009)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.24
(........ ))

(.. ))

( ):
fs qb


(DIN4014)

(DIN4014)

cu (kPa)

25

100

200

cu (kPa)

100

200

fs (kPa)

25

40

60

qb (MPa)

0.8

1.5

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.25
(........ ))

(.. ))

.

() ()
.
:
-



-



(: . & . 2009)

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.26
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

D=0.5m, 20m c=0, =35 =18kN/m
() ()
:
: Qb =

D2
qb
4

:
10 MPa
qb = v,b Nq
4 MPa

20m : v,b = z = 18

Nq = 140
t = 0.66

kN
20m = 360 kPa
m3

b + 40 35 + 40
=
= 37.5
2
2

L
20
=
= 40
D 0.5

Nq = Nq t = 140 0.66 = 92.4 qb = 360 92.4 = 33264 kPa 10 MPa

Qb =

3.14 0.52 m2
kN
10000
= 1962.50 kN
2

4
m

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.27
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

Nq = 50

= b 3 = 35 3 = 32

Nq = Nq t = 50 0.54 = 27

L
20
=
= 40
D 0.5

qb = 360 27 = 9720 kPa 4 MPa

t = 0.54

Qb =

3.14 0.52 m2
kN
4000
= 785.00 kN
4
m2

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.28
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
()
10m 0.3m =35
=16.8kN/m , =19kN/m, -2m:
() () ( w=10kN/m)
:

D=0.3m

0.0m

Qs = D (Hi fs,i )

-2m

:
fs,i = K v,i tan 100 kPa
3
: v,0 = z = 16.8 kN / m 0m = 0 kPa
3
2.0m : v,2m = 16.8 kN / m 2m = 33.6 kPa

10.0m : v,10m = 16.8 2 + 19 8 = 185.6 kPa

u10m = 10 8 = 80.0 kPa

v,10m = 185.6 80 = 105.6 kPa

=16.8kN/m
=19kN/m
qc=4.0MPa
-10m

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.29
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
1.0
2.0

K =

tan = 0.75 tan ~ tan

=1.5
tan = 0.85 tan = 0.595

z=0m :

fs,0m = K v,i tan = 1.5 0 0.595 = 0 100 kPa

z=2m :

fs,2m = K v,i tan = 1.5 33.6kPa 0.595 = 29.99 kPa 100 kPa

z=10m : fs,10m = K v,i tan = 1.5 105.6kPa 0.595 = 94.25 kPa 100 kPa
0 + 29.99
= 15.00 kPa
2
29.99 + 94.25
=
= 62.12 kPa
2

0-2m (Hi=2m) :

fs,0 2 =

2-10m (Hi=8m) :

fs,2 10

:
n
kN
kN

Qs = D (Hi fs,i ) = 3.14 0.3m 2m 15.00 2 + 8m 62.12 2

m
m
1

Qs = 496.40 kN

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.30
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
=0.7 ==35 tan=0.70

z=0m :

fs,0m = K v,i tan = 0.7 0 0.700 = 0 100 kPa

z=2m :

fs,2m = K v,i tan = 0.7 33.6kPa 0.700 = 16.46 kPa 100 kPa

z=10m : fs,10m = K v,i tan = 0.7 105.6kPa 0.700 = 51.74 kPa 100 kPa
0 + 16.46
= 8.23 kPa
2
16.46 + 51.74
=
= 34.10 kPa
2

0-2m (Hi=2m) :

fs,0 2 =

2-10m (Hi=8m) :

fs,2 10

:
n
kN
kN

Qs = D (Hi fs,i ) = 3.14 0.3m 2m 8.23 2 + 8m 34.10 2

m
m
1

Qs = 272.48 kN

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.31
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
0.50m
18m cu=130 kPa
() () DIN4014
:
()
D2
qb
4
qb = 9 cu,b

: Qb =
:
:

Qb =

D2
3.14 0.52 m2
qb =
4
4

kN

9 130
= 229.61 kN
m2

: Qs = D (Hi fs,i )
1

: fs = cu

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.32
(........ ))

= 0.21 +

26
1 (cu kPa)
cu

(.. ))

:
: = 0.21 +

26
26
= 0.21 +
= 0.41 1 (cu kPa)
cu
130

fs = cu = 0.41 130 kPa = 53.3 kPa

n
kN

Qs = D (Hi fs,i ) = 3.14 0.5m 18m 53.3 2 = 1506.26 kN

m
1

:
Q =

Qb Qs
229.61 kN 1506.26 kN
+
=
+
= 829.67 kN
3
2
3
2

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.33
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
() DIN4014
cu=130kPa
:

(DIN4014)

(DIN4014)

cu (kPa)

25

100

200

cu (kPa)

100

200

fs (kPa)

25

40

60

qb (MPa)

0.8

1.5

qb = 0.8 + (1.5 0.8 )

fs = 40 + ( 60 40 )

Qb =

130 100
= 1.01 MPa = 1010 kPa
200 100

130 100
= 46 kPa
200 100

D2
3.14 0.52 m2
kN
qb =
1010
= 198.21 kN
4
4
m2

Q =

n
kN

Qs = D (Hi fs,i ) = 3.14 0.5m 18m 46 2 = 1299.96 kN

m
1

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.34
(........ ))

Qb Qs
+

3
2

Q = 716.05 kN

(.. ))

:
.
.
:

D=0.6m

() ( )

DIN4014

(DIN4014)
qc (MPa)

10

15

fs (kPa)

40

80

120

: fs = 0 + ( 40 0 ) 4 0 = 32 kPa

1=16kN/m
qc=4.0MPa

0.0m

-5m

2=17kN/m
cu=15.0kPa

50

Qs1 = D (Hi fs,i )

1

kN

Qs1 = 3.14 0.6m 5.0m 32 2 = 301.44 kN

m

3=18kN/m
=38

-25m

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.35
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
() ( )
: fs = cu
:

= 0.21 +

26
26
= 0.21 +
= 1.94 1
cu
15

(cu kPa)

fs = cu = 1.0 15 kPa = 15.0 kPa

n
kN

Qs2 = D (Hi fs,i ) = 3.14 0.6m 20m 15 2 = 565.20 kN

m
1

() ( )

v,b =25 = 16

qb = v,b Nq 4 MPa

kN
kN
5m + 17 3 20m = 420 kPa
m3
m

= b 3 = 38 3 = 35

L
25
=
= 41.67
D 0.6

Nq = 80

Nq = Nq t = 80 0.61 = 48.8

t = 0.61

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.36
(........ ))

:
() ( )
:

qb = 420 48.8 = 20496 kPa 4 MPa = 4000 kPa

Qb =

3.14 0.62 m2
kN
4000
= 1130.40 kN
4
m2

()
:
Q =

Qb Qs 1130.40 kN (301.44 + 565.20 ) kN

+
=
+
= 810.12 kN
3
2
3
2

(.. ))

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.37
(........ ))

(.. ))

.
(Poulos and Davis, 1980)
(2005) .. (1994).
=

P
Io R k R h R v
Es D

P
Io R k R b R v
Es D

P
D

Es

Io

Ri

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.38
(........ ))

(.. ))

D
Db

K=

Ep
Es

v, Es
D
Ep

Es,b D
b

Db/D

Rv

(: 2005)

L/D

=1

Poisson v

L h

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.39
(........ ))

(.. ))

v, Es

L h

Ep
Es,b D
b

Rh

Rk

L/D

L/D

h/L
(: 2005)

L/h

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.40
(........ ))

(.. ))

v, Es

Rb

Ep

Rb
K

Es,b D
b

K
L/D=50

L/D=75

Es,b Es

Es,b Es

Rb

Rb

L/D=10

L/D=25
Es,b Es

(: 2005)

Es,b Es

L h

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.41
(........ ))

(.. ))

:

D=0.5m, 20m s=15000kPa, v=0.3
=18kN/m s=50000kPa.
400kN
p =2.9107 kPa -30m.
:
=

P
Io R k R b R v
Es D

:
K=

Ep
Es

2.9 107 kPa

1 = 1933
15000 kPa

400kN
0.0m

v, , Es

:
L
20m
=
= 40
D 0.5m
Db
=1
D

Io = 0.052

-20m
-30m

:
Rv:

Rv

R v = 0.925

Poisson v

Rk:
L
20m
=
= 40
D 0.5m

Rk

L/D

R k = 1.10

K = 1933

Rb:
L
20m
=
= 40
D 0.5m

K = 1933

E s,b
Es

50000
= 3.33
15000

Es,b

K = 1933

Ep

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.42
(........ ))

v = 0.3

= 25 R b = 0.80

= 50 R b = 0.92

= 40 R b = 0.872

(.. ))

:: (6
(6 ))
. 4.43
(........ ))

(.. ))

:
:
=

P
Io R k R b R v =
Es D

400 kN
0.052 1.1 0.872 0.925
kN
15000 2 0.5m
m

= 0.00246 m

: ,
Rb=0.872 Rh=0.78.
0.0022m,
0.00246m .