n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip

chng VII thit k chiu sng cho mng in phn xng sa cha c kh
1. Mc ch v tm quan trng ca chiu sng: - Trong bt k x nghip, nh my no th ngoi chiu sng t nhin cn phi s dng n chiu sng nhn to v n in chiu sng thng c s dng lm chiu sng nhn to v cc thit b n gin, d s dng gi thnh r v to ra c nh sng gn ging vi t nhin. Trong cng nghip dt ni chung nu ri tng 1,5 ln th nng sut lao ng s tng t 4 n 5% v gim c cc thao tc ch yu xung t 8 n 25 % nu nh khng nh sng th s nh hng n sc kho gy ra mt nng sut lao ng, thm tr c th gy tai nn lao ng... V vy vn chiu sng c nghin cu trn nhiu lnh vc trong c chiu sng cng nghip vi nhng yu cu v cht lng m khi thit k chiu sng bt buc phi tun theo nh : + m bo v n nh chiu sng Quang thng phn b u trn mt bng cn c chiu sng + Khng c c nh sng chi chang vng nhn ca mt 2. H thng chiu sng 2.1. H thng chiu sng : Cc h thng chiu sng c dng trong cc nh my nh : a/ Chiu sng chung: L hnh thc chiu sng to nn ri ng u trn ton din tch sn xut ca phn xng , vi hnh thc chiu sng ny th n c treo cao trn tm theo qui nh no c li nht. Chiu sng chung c dng trong cc phn xng c yu cu v ri mi ch gn nh nhau v cn c s dng cc ni m khng i hi mt phi lm vic cng thng. b/ Chiu sng cc b : l hnh thc chiu sng nhng ni cn quan st chnh xc t m v phn bit r cc chi tit, vi hnh thc ny th n chiu sng phi c t gn Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr99

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip vo ni cn quan st. Chiu sng cc b dng chiu sng cc chi tit gia cng trn my cng c, cc b phn kim tra, lp my. c/ Chiu sng hn hp : L hnh thc chiu sng bao gm chiu sng chung v chiu sng cc b . Chiu sng chung hn hp c dng nhng ni c cc cng vic thuc cp I, II,II v cng c dng khi cn phn bit mu sc , li lm, hng xp xp cc chi tit ... 2.2. Chn h thng chiu sng : Qua phn tch cc hnh thc chiu sng mc trn ta thy phn xng sa cha c kh c nhng c im thch hp vi hnh thc chiu sng hn hp v vy ta chn h thng chiu sng cho phn xng sa cha c kh l h thng chiu sng hn hp. 3. Chn loi n chiu sng: Hin nay ta thng dng ph bin cc loi bng n nh: n dy tc v n hunh quang a/ n dy tc: n dy tc lm vic da trn c s bc x nhit. Khi dng in i qua si dy tc lm dy tc pht nng v pht quang. - u im ca n dy tc l ch to n gin, r tin lp t v vn hnh - Nhc im ca n dy tc l quang thng ca n rt nhy cm vi in p. Nu in p b dao ng thng xuyn th tui th ca bng n cng gim i b/ n hunh quang: l loi n ng dng hin tng phng in trong cht kh p sut thp. - u im ca n hunh quang l : Hiu sut quang ln, khi in p ch thay i trong phm vi cho php th quang thng gim rt t (1%), tui th cao - Nhc im ca n hunh quang l : Ch to phc tp, gi thnh cao, cos thp lm tng tn hao cng sut tc dng v lm gim hiu sut pht quang ca n, quang thng ca Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr100

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip n ph thuc nhiu vo nhit , phm vi pht quang cng ph thuc nhit , khi ng in th n khng th sng ngay c. do quang thng thay i nn hay lm cho mt mi mt v kh chu. c/ Chn n chiu sng cho phn xng sa cha c kh : - Qua phn tch cc u v nhc im ca hai loi bng n trn ta thy i vi phn xng sa cha c kh th ta dng loi n si t l thch hp. - Phn xng SCCK gm: Chiu di : 67,5 m Chiu rng : 18m Tng din tch l : 1215 m2 Ngun in p s dng: U = 220 V ly t ti chiu sng ca TBA B3 4. Chn ri cho cc b phn : - ri l mt quang thng m mt phng c chiu nhn c t ngun sng k hiu l E - Tu theo tnh cht ca cng vic , yu cu m bo sc kho cho ngi lm vic, kh nng cp in m nh nc c cc tiu chun v ri cho cc cng vic khc nhau, do vy ta phi cn c vo tnh cht cng vic ca tng b phn c trong phn xng sa cha c kh chn c ri thch hp. - Phn ln tnh cht cng vic ca phn xng sa cha c kh l cn chnh xc va nh cc my cng c gia cng chi tit, lp rp v cc phng lm vic, th nghim, v phng kim tra c yu cu v ri tng i cao. - Qua phn tch tnh cht cng vic ca phn xng ta tra bng c ri cho phn xng sa cha c kh nh sau: E = 30LX. 5/ Tnh ton chiu sng : - Ta c h s d tr : k = 1,3 Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr101

hc = 0,7m n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip H=3m - Khong cch t n n mt cng tc: - H = h hc hlv = 4,5 0,7 0,8 = 3 m hlv =0,8m - Trong : + h chiu cao ca phn xng (tnh t nn n trn ca phn xng) h = 4,5m + hc-Khong cch t trn n n, hc=0,7 + hlv-Chiu cao t nn phn xng n mt cng tc, hlv=0,8 H s phn x ca tng: Ptg= 50 % H s phn x ca trn: Ptr= 30 % - S tnh ton chiu sng

tnh ton chiu sng Phn xng SCCK y ta s p dng phng php h s s dng: Cng thc tnh ton:

F=
Trong :

E .S .Z .k n . k sd

F- quang thng ca mi n (lumen) E- ri yu cu (Lx) Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr102

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip S- in tch cn chiu sng (m2) k- h s d tr k = 1,2 n- s bng n c trong h thng chiu sng chung ksd- h s s dng. Z- h s ph thuc vo loi n v t s L/H Ta thng ly Z = 0.8 : 1,8 L = 1,8 . H = 1,8 . 3 = 5,4 m , chn L = 5m Cn c vo mt bng phn xng ta s b tr n nh sau: Dy nh phn xng b tr 4 dy n, mi dy gm 15 bng, khong cch cc bng n l 4,5 mt, khong cch t phn xng n bng n gn nht theo chiu di phn xng l 2,25m, theo chiu rng phn xng l 2,5m. tng s bng n cn dng l n = 60 bng. Ch s ca phng 1,4. Tra bng ta tm c L/H =

a .b 67 ,5.18 = = 4 ,73 H .( a + b ) 3.( 67 ,5 + 18 )

Trong : a, b l chiu di, chiu rng ca phn xng Tra bng ta tm c Ksd= 0,48
E .S .Z .K 30.1215.1,3.1,2 = = 1974 ,3lm n.K sd 60.0 ,48

F=

Chn n si t c cng sut p = 200W, c quang thng F = 2600 lm

Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN

Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr103

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip Tng cng sut s dng chiu sng ca phn xng SCCK l Pcs = n.p = 60 . 200 = 12kW 6. Thit k mng in ca h thng chiu sng chung: * cung cp in cho h thng chiu sng chung ca phn xng SCCK ta t 1 t chiu sng trong phn xng gm 1 ptmt tng loi 3 pha 4 cc v 15 ptmt nhnh 1 pha 2 cc, cp cho 15 dy n mi dy c 4 bng. - Chn p tng: Chn A theo iu kin: in p nh mc : UmA Umm= 0,38kV Dng in nh mc:

I dmA =

Pcs 3 .U dm . cos

12 3 .0 ,38.1

= 18 ,23 A

Chn A loi C60H do hng Merlin Gerlin ch to c cc thng s sau: Im = 25A ; Ict N = 20kA Um = 415V ; 4 cc - Chn cp t t PP phn xng n t chiu sng: chn cp theo iu kin pht nng cho php. Khc.Icp Itt = 18,23A Trong : Itt dng in tnh ton ca h thng chiu sng chung. Icp Dng in cho php tng ng vi tng loi dy, tng Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr104

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip tit din. Khc H s hiu chnh, ay ly Khc = 1 Kim tra iu kin phi hp vi thit b bo v bng A

I cp

1,25.I dmA 1,25.25 = = 20 ,83 A 1,5 1,5

Chn cp loi 4G 2,5 cch in PVC ca LEND c Icp = 41A - Chn ptmt nhnh: in p nh mc: Um Umm = 0,22kV Dng in nh mc:

I dmA I tt =

n. p d 4.0 ,2 = = 3 ,63 A U dm 0 ,22

Chn A loi NC45a do Merlin Gerlin ch to c cc thng s nh sau: ImA= 6A Ict N= 4,5kA Um= 400V loi 2 cc - Chn dy dn t t chiu sng n cc bng n. Chn dy dn theo iu kin pht nng cho php: Khc.Icp Itt Kim tra theo iu kin kt hp vi thit b bo v bng ptmt.

I cp

I kddt 1,25.I dmA 1,25.3 ,63 = = = 3A 1,5 1,5 1,5

Chn cp ng 2 li tit din 2x1,5mm2 c Icp = 26A cch in PVC do hng LEND ch to. Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr105

NC45a

n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh C60H my ch to c kh nng nghip Hnh 7-1 s nguyn l mng chiu sng ?L1 ?L2 ?L3 ?L4 phn x`ng SCCK
T PP

4G 2,5

Pvc(2x1,5)

Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN

Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr106

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip

Chng VIII Thit k ni t cho trm bin p phn xng

1. Khi nim v ni t: Trm bin p l mt phn t quan trng trong h thng cung cp in, thng xuyn c ngi lm vic vi cc thit b in. Khi cch in ca thit b in b hng hoc ngi vn hnh khng tun theo qui tc an ton v chm vo s b nguy him nh bng , git v c th cht ngi. V vy trong h thng cung cp in ni chung v trong trm bin p ni ring nht thit phi c bin php an ton chng in git v m bo ch lm vic ca mng in, mt trong nhng bin php an ton , hiu qu v kh n gin l thc hin vic ni t cho trm bin p. Chc nng ch yu ca h thng ni t trm bin p phn xng trong nh my l m bo ch lm vic ca thit b in v an ton. Khi c ni t tt , in tr ni t nh m bo c th dng in chy qua ngi nh khng gy ra nguy him n tnh mng. Khi c trang b ni t dng in ngn mch xut hin do cch in ca thit b in vi v b h hng s chy qua thit b theo dy dn ni t xung cc in cc v chy tn vo trong t. Trang b ni t bao gm cc in cc v dy dn ni t. Cc in cc ni t c th l cc hoc thanh hay hn hp c cc v thanh c chn trc tip trong t. Cc dy ni t dng ni lin cc b phn c ni t vi cc in cc ni t. in tr ni t l in tr ca khi t nm gia in cc v b mt c th bng khng. 2. Tnh ton thit b ni t: - Tnh ton thit b ni t ch yu l tnh ton in cc Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr107

(8-2) n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip ni t cn dy dn ni t c chn sao cho m bo v bn c hc v n mn. - H thng ni t c 2 loi l ni t t nhin v ni t nhn to: - Ni t t nhin l s dng cc ng dn nc hay cc ng bng kim loi khc (tr ng dn nhin liu lng v kh d chy) t trong t, cc kt cu bng kim loi ca nh ca, cc cng trnh c ni t, cc v bc bng kim loi ca cp t trong t lm trang b ni t. Ni t nhn to thng c lm bng cc cc thp, ng thp, thanh thp dt hnh ch nht hoc thp gc chn su di t sao cho gim c s thay i ca in tr ni t theo thi tit. 2.1. in tr ni cho php ca b ni t (Rn): Cc thit b in lm vic cp in p khc nhau v ch lm vic khc nhau th yu cu v in tr ca trang b ni t cng khc nhau. i vi trm bin p phn xng c 2 cp in p 10KV v 0,4 KV trong pha h p 0,4KV c im trung tnh trc tip ni t, cng sut ca my bin p ln hn 100KVA. V vy theo iu I.7.37a Quy phm trang b in trang 126 Phn I th in tr ni t cho php ca trm bin p phn xng ca nh my l: Rn 4; (8-1) 2.2. Xc nh in tr cn thit ca b ni t nhn to (Rnt): - Khi xt n ni t t nhin song song vi b ni t th in tr ca b ni t nhn to c tnh theo cng thc sau: Cng thc tnh :
R * Rnd 1 1 1 = Rnd = tn Rnt Rnd Rtn Rtn Rnd

Trong : + Rnt : in tr ni t nhn to; . Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr108

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip + Rn : in tr ni t cho php ; . + Rtn : in tr ni t t nhin; . - Nhng v khng c cc thng tin c th v cc cng trnh khc trong nh my v vy ta coi nh khng c ni t t nhin v vy ta c: Rn Rncp = 4. 2.3. Xc nh in tr sut tnh ton ca t( tt) - in tr ca t ph thuc vo in tr sut ca t, hnh dng kch thc ca in cc v chn su trong t. in tr sut ca t li ph thuc vo thnh phn mt , m v nhit ca t v ch c th xc nh c chnh xc bng o lng ti mt thi im no trong nm. Nh vy in tr sut ca t khng c nh m thay i theo kh hu cho nn trong tnh ton ni t ta phi dng in tr sut tnh ton l tr s ln nht trong nm theo cng thc sau: tt = kmax * ; (8-3) Trong : kmax l h s tng cao ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu ni tin hnh xy dng h thng trang b ni t bnh ; m. l in tr sut ca t theo gi tr trung

- Gi thit rng trm bin p phn xng c xy dng trn mt loi t l t vn. H thng trang b ni t c dng l hn hp c thanh v cc chn su cch mt t l 0,8 m. + Vi loi t vn ta tra bng (2-65) trang 162 Gio trnh cung cp in II ta c : = 0,4 * 104 m =40m + Tra bng (2-66) trang 162 Gio trnh cung cp in II ta c h s hiu chnh kmax i vi cc loi in cc thanh ngang v cc thng ng chn su 0,8m t kh l : kmaxt = 1,6 ; kmaxc = 1,4. a/ in tr sut tnh ton ca t khi dng thanh Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr109

(8-5) n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip ngang l : ttt = kmaxt * = 1,6 * 40 = 64 m b/ in tr sut tnh ton ca t khi dng cc thng ng l : ttc = kmaxc * = 1,4 * 40 = 56 m 2.4. Xc nh in tr tn ca mt in cc chn thng ng: a/ Vt liu lm in cc : - ta dng loi in cc bng thp gc c kch thc : 70x70x7 di l : l = 2,5 m b/ Cng thc dng tnh ton:
Rdc =

ttc 2l 1 4t + l ln + ln 2 * l d 2 4t l

Trong : +ttc l in tr sut ca t tnh ton theo cc; m + t : chn su ca cc, m ; t=0,8+ (1/2)l= 0,8 + 2,5/2 = 2,05m + l : chiu di ca cc ,m + d : ng knh ca cc trn ,m. V cc ta dng loi thp gc c chiu rng ca cnh l b= 0,07m nn d=0,95b = 0,95*0.07 = 0.0665m c/ Tnh in tr tn: p dng cng thc (8-4) vi cc s liu ta c:
Rdc = 56 2 * 2,5 1 4 * 2,05 + 2,5 + ln ln = 16,53 2 * 3,14 * 2,5 0,0665 2 4 * 2,05 2,5

2.5. S b xc nh s in cc: a/ Cng thc tnh ton :

n= Rdc K sdc * Rnt

Trong :+ n l s in cc + Rc l in tr tn ca 1 in cc ; + Rnt l in tr cn thit ca trang b ni t; . (Rnt =4) + Ksd. : h s s dng in cc Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr110

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip b/ hnh thc b tr cc: - y ta b tr cc in cc chy theo hnh vng song song vi chu vi ca trm bin p phn xng in cc n cch in cc kia 1 khong l a= 2,5m. => t s a/l = 2,5/2,5 =1 tra bng 2-68 trang 163 Gio trnh cung cp in II ta ly s b h s s dng in cc l ksdc = 0,55 c/ Tnh s b s in cc : - Thay cc s liu vo cng thc (8-5) v tnh ton ta c:
n= 16,53 = 7,5 0,55 * 4 cc . V vy ta chn s b s cc l 8

2.6. Xc nh in tr tn ca in cc nm ngang ni gia cc in cc thng ng a/ Vt liu lm in cc thanh: Ta dng loi thp dt hnh ch nht c kch thc l 40x4mm b/ Cng thc tnh ton:
ttt 2 * L2 Rdt = ln 2 * L b *t

(8-6)

Trong : +ttt l in tr sut ca t khi dng in cc thanh; m + L l chiu di ca thanh theo chu vi ; m L =n*a =8*2,5=20m . + b chiu rng ca thanh dt;m b= 40mm =0,04m . + t: chn su ca thanh; m t= 0,8 +(1/2)b=0,8 + (1/2)0,04 = 0,82m. c/ Tnh in tr tn: - Thay cc s liu vo cng thc (8-6) v tnh ton ta c
Rdt = 64 2 * 20 2 ln = 5,15 2 * 3,14 * 20 0,04 * 0,82

- Xt theo h s s dng ca thanh khi dng ni cc in cc thng ng vi nhau th: Rt = Rt / kst ; (8-7) Trong : ksdt l h s s dng ca thanh ngang theo s in cc thng ng tra bng 2-68 trang 163 Gio trnh cung cp in II ta c ksdt = 0,36 Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr111

 n Tt nghip Thit k cp in cho nh my ch to c kh nng nghip - Thay ksdt = 0,36 vo cng thc (8-7) ta c Rt = 5,15/0,36 = 14,3 2-7. Tnh ton chnh xc in tr tn cn thit ca cc in cc thng ng v c xt n in dn ca in cc thanh ngang - Cng thc tnh ton :
Rd = Rdt * Rnt Rdt Rnt

; (8-8)

Trong : Rt l in tr tn ca thanh ngang c xt n h s s dng ; Rnt l in tr cn thit ca ni t nhn to ; - thay s liu vo cng thc (8-8) v tnh ta c:
Rd = 14,3 * 4 = 5,5 14,3 4

2.8. Tnh chnh xc s in cc thng ng c xt n h s s dng : - p dng cng thc tnh ton :
n= Rdc 16,53 = = 5,5 K sdc * Rd 0,55 * 5,5

in cc

Vy ta ly s in cc thng ng cn dng l n=6 2.9. Tnh chnh xc in tr nhn to ca trm bin p phn xng - Theo tnh ton cc mc trn ta c : + S cc l n=6 + in tr tn ca 1 in cc l 16,53 - Chiu di thanh ngang khi s cc l 6 s l L = n* a = 6*2,5 = 15 m - p dng cng thc (8-6) ta tnh in tr ca thanh ngang l :
Rdt = 64 2 * 15 2 ln = 6,47 2 * 3,14 *15 0,04 * 0,82

- Tra bng 2-68 trang 163 Gio trnh cung cp in theo Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr112

a=2,5m

h=0,8

tc tt

s cc n=6 v t s a/l = 1 ta c h s s dng ca cc v thanh l: ksdc = 0,62; ksdt = 0,4 - Tnh in tr nhn to ca h thng ni t trm bin p phn xng theo cng thc sau: RntHT = (Rc*Rt)/(Rc*ksdt + n*Rt*ksdc) + thay s liu v tnh ton ta c: 3,5 RntHT = (16,53*6,47)/(16,53*0,4 + 6*6,47*0,62)=

- Theo iu kin (8-1) ta thy Rnt= 3,5 <4 Nh vy h thng ni t ca trm bin p t yu cu. 3/ S b tr h thng ni t: a/ Mt ct dc:

b/ Mt bng:

Ghi ch: Tu theo din tch trm bin p ta c th tng khong cch a gia cc in cc thng ng cho ph hp a 2,5 m.

Trn Vn Minh ngHBKHN

Lp H Thng in CH8 - Tr113

l=2,5m

Th?p d?t 40x40mm a=2,5 b/2 = 20 mm 70x70x7mm n Tt nghip Th?p g?c Thit k cp in cho nh my a=2,5m ch to c kh nng nghipa=2,5m

l/2

l/2