Communication are purposive interchange of ideas, options, information, instructions like,presented personally or impersonally by symbol or signal so as to attain the

goals of the organization.

Verbal communication Written communication Non-verbal communication

Verbal communication is that which is communicated in a oral way.

Talking Group discussion Seminars Telephone system Signals Meeting

Written communication is that which is communicated in a written way.

Booklets Posters Reports Business letters

Non-verbal is that way in which we communicate emotions. Facial expression Feel Time Body movement

Downward communication Upward communication Cross communication

Horizontal

communication Diagonal communication

Downward communication: flow from people at higher level to those at lower level in the organisational hierarchy. Upward communication: Travels from subordinates to superiors and continues up to the organisation hierarchy. Cross communication: Horizontal flow: horizontal flow of information is among people on the same or similar organisational level. Diagonal flow: diagonal flow of information is among persons at different levels among who have no direct reporting relationship with one another.

PERSONAL BARRIER:the phycological make up of human beings differs such differences among individual can account for barriers in communication. ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIER:the important barriers to effect communication which are caused by organization policy, authoritarian attitude of management, poorly defined responsibility.

Clarify the purpose of message. Use intelligible encoding. Consult others view. Consider receivers needs Use appropriate tone and language and ensure credibility. Get feedback