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Atoms, Electron Structure and Periodicity HW
Atoms, Electron Structure and Periodicity HW
Atoms, Electron Structure and Periodicity HW
1.1.1 ATOMS
1.2.1 ELECTRON STRUCTURE
1.3.1 PERIODICITY
ASSESSED HOMEWORK
Name
..
Mark
../61
Paddington Academy
....%
Grade
1.
The Group 7 element bromine was discovered by Balard in 1826. Bromine gets its
name from the Greek bromos meaning stench.
Bromine consists of a mixture of two isotopes,
(i)
79
Br and
81
Br.
(ii)
Complete the table below to show the atomic structures of the bromine isotopes.
protons
neutrons
electrons
79
Br
81
Br
[2]
(iii)
1s .................................................................
[1]
[Total 4 marks]
2.
isotope 1
isotope 2
63.0
65.0
% abundance
77.2
22.8
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Use your answer to (iii) and the Data Sheet to suggest the identify of metal A.
.........................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total 6 marks]
3.
The element titanium, Ti, atomic number 22, is a metal that is used in the aerospace
industry for both airframes and engines.
A sample of titanium for aircraft construction was analysed using a mass spectrometer
46
47
48
and was found to contain three isotopes, Ti, Ti and Ti. The results of the analysis
are shown in the table below.
46
isotope
47
Ti
Ti
48
Ti
46.00
47.00
48.00
percentage composition
8.9
9.8
81.3
(a)
(i)
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii)
Complete the table below for atoms of two of the titanium isotopes.
isotope
protons
neutrons
electrons
46
Ti
47
Ti
[2]
(b)
Using the information in the first table, calculate the relative atomic mass of this
sample of titanium.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
[2]
[Total 5 marks]
Paddington Academy
4.
12
13
C and 5% of
C.
13
(ii)
Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of carbon to three significant
figures.
Ar = ............................................
[2]
[Total 4 marks]
5.
24
Mg,
25
Mg and
26
Mg.
Mg
26
Mg
neutrons
25
Mg and
26
Mg
electrons
[2]
(ii)
24
Mg.
1s ....................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii) Results from the mass spectrum of a sample of magnesium are shown below.
isotope
24
25
26
24.00
25.00
26.00
% abundance
78.60
10.11
11.29
Mg
Mg
Mg
6.
The diagram below shows the variation in the first ionisation energies of elements
across Period 2 of the Periodic Table.
2
fir s t io n is a tio n
1
e n e rg y
/ k J m o l 1
1
5
L
0 0
0
e
B
5
a
(i)
N
B
t o
i c
n u
6
m
(ii)
Explain why the first ionisation energies show a general increase across
Period 2.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
Paddington Academy
(iii)
Explain why the first ionisation energy of B is less than that of Be.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total 7 marks]
7.
Antimony, Sb, is a metal used in alloys to make lead harder. Bullets contain about 1%
of antimony for this reason.
Antimony has two main isotopes.
(i)
(ii)
Complete the table below to show the properties of particles that make up
isotopes.
proton
neutron
electron
relative mass
relative charge
[2]
[Total 3 marks]
8.
In their reactions, calcium and strontium each lose electrons to form ions with a 2+
charge. The first and second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium are shown
below.
(i)
calcium
590
1145
strontium
550
1064
Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the second ionisation energy
of calcium.
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii)
Why are the second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium greater than
their first ionisation energies?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii)
Explain why the first and second ionisation energies of strontium are less than
those of calcium.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total 6 marks]
Paddington Academy
9.
s orbital
p orbital
[2]
(b)
Complete the table below to show how many electrons completely fill each of
the following.
number of electrons
a d orbital
a p sub-shell
the third shell (n = 3)
[3]
(c)
The energy diagram below is for the eight electrons in an oxygen atom. The
diagram is incomplete as it only shows the two electrons in the 1s level.
r g
(ii)
10.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
ionisation
1
energy / kJ mol
1 314
3 388
5 301
7 469
10 989
13 327
71
337
84 080
(i)
(ii)
Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the third ionisation energy of
oxygen.
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii)
Explain how the information in the table above provides evidence for two electron
shells in oxygen.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total 7 marks]
11.
Relative atomic mass, Ar, can be used to compare the masses of atoms of different
elements.
(i)
Paddington Academy
(ii)
12.
Carbon is in the p-block of the Periodic Table. Naturally occurring carbon contains a
12
13
mixture of two isotopes, C and C.
Complete the table below for the atomic structure of the isotopes
isotope
12
13
protons
neutrons
12
C and
13
C.
electrons
[Total 2 marks]