Age of Extremes Unit I Ch.

1-15 Vocabulary Intrepid Pragmatic: practical minded people Realist: take in what is possible and what can really happen Unscrupulous: having or showing no moral principles Capital: money Philanthropist: seeks the welfare of others by giving away money Idealist: want to make the world better Altruistic: disinterested or selfless concern for the welfare of others Kerosene: oil used in gas lamps Consumer: human being Inflation: amount of money in circulation increases, value of money decreases and prices go up better to be debtor Deflation: amount of money in circulation decreases, value of money increases and prices go down better to be creditor Surplus: left over amount Monopoly: when one company owns/controls an entire industry Brazen: bold without shame Exiles: being barred from your native country Corruption: dishonest conduct by one in power Wretched: in a very unhappy state Anarchist: doesnt respect the government Tempest: violent windy storm Finite: limited Interest: cost of borrowing money Mortgage: annual bills paying the bank back for money you borrowed on your home Collateral: pledge hat you ill repay for a loan Debtor: someone who owes a sum of money TermsGilded Age: gold plated; extreme rich people lived but not as much as the poor Horizontal integration: every other business in that industry Vertical integration: everything that relates to that industry free enterprise/market economy Socialism: major industries controlled by the government Communist: everyone gets the same pay, no matter what the job is Populist Party: wanted to lower tariffs, income tax, coin silver money, ending of political corruption, secret ballot, and regulation of natural monopolies; felt that government favored rich, Eastern businesses; teamed up with Democrats Gold standard: government could only coin or print as much money as they could exchange in gold Klondike: a gold discovery that helped the economy Social Darwinism: life is a competition, the strong eliminate the weak, workers who have job skills will rise to the top

PeopleMark Twain: first started calling the late 19th century and early 20th century the Gilded Age, famous writer John Rockefeller: born poor, invested in the oil industry, made Standard Oil, richest man in the world, one of the biggest meanest monopolies Andrew Carnegie: born poor, found 500 dollar check and returned it, offered a job at a railroad and made $50,000, Carnegie steel factory, became king of Americas steel industry, extremely rich, donated $100,000,000 to charity John Roebling: invented the steel cable, suspension bridges, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (but his son, Washington Roebling, took over the project) Frank Lloyd Wright: famous architect, made artistic buildings that were meant to make life more enjoyable, his designs often seemed like part of the landscape Joseph Pulitzer: came to the U.S. from Hungary, created the newspaper The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, bought The New York World, attacked the wealthy and the powerful Tom Watson: leader of the Populist party, brought races together Emma Lazarus: Jewish poet, wrote The New Colossus (the poem thats on the Statue of Liberty) Frederic Bartholdi: designed the Statue of Liberty Rutherford B. Hayes: was the president after Johnson, supporter of temperance Grover Cleveland: the President after Arthur, Whatever you do, tell the truth, common sense, courage, and integrity William McKinley: the president after Cleveland, President during war with Spain William Jennings Bryan: Protestant, believed in democracy, 1890 got elected to Congress, great orator, disliked by Republicans but Democrats loved him, tried and tried to become President but failed Helen Keller: deaf and blind woman, born in 1880, went to college, gave speeches all around the world, true sight and hearing are from within, not without, In the wonderland of Mind I should be free as another George Pullman: designed fancy railroads, made trains for presidents and other authorities Montgomery Ward: decided to sell merchandise through mail, started the idea of department stores Sitting Bull: Native American who resists joining a large collection of Native Americans together Geronimo: Apache Indian who was chased by Americans but wasnt found, got captured and sent to Florida but then Buffalo Bill and Wild bill got Geronimo for a Wild West show General Custer: Americans sent him and other army groups to rush out to destroy the Native Americans EventsBrooklyn Bridge: took 14 years to build, finished by Washington Roebling, first bridge lit by electricity, huge and very strong, finished in 1883 Sherman Anti-trust Act: passed when Harrison was president, outlawed the

monopolies that suppressed competition Cross of Gold: Bryan said, You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold and the crowd went wild KKK: Ku Klux Klan, racist group that set about to make the lives of blacks miserable Questions How was the Gilded Age an Age of Extremes? Make a chart comparing Carnegie, Rockefeller and JP Morgan. How do you make steel? What are the benefits and costs of monopolies? Interpret the political cartoons from Ch. 1-8 How is the Statue of Liberty a metaphor? Describe how she came to stand in NY Harbor. Translate the New Colossus into your own words. Explain the different types of taxes including sales tax, property tax, income tax and which government applies each. List the ideas the Populist Party proposed that later became laws. 8. Outline the arguments for the gold standard and for a bimetallic money policy. 9. Explain why the farmers struggled in the late 1800s and why farmers wanted a bimetallic standard. 10. Compare Democrats/Populist to Republicans in early 1900. What two views of William Jennings Bryan did people hold? 11. Why did the KKK become popular in the late 1800s?

Millionaires are the bees that make the most honey, and contribute most to the hive even after they have gorged themselves. Carnegie pg 14 Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. William Jennings Bryan Explain the message of the political cartoon on pg 86