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Agenda: Ecture Otivation
Agenda: Ecture Otivation
Questions? Motivation
Needs Theories Process Theories Responses to the Reward System
LECTURE 4: MOTIVATION
Zorana Svedic
Reinforcement
Objectives
3 5
Motivation is
By the end of todays lecture, you should be able to: Understand various theories of motivation Explain the role of equity, goal setting, and expectations in employee motivation Understand when to use extrinsic versus intrinsic rewards, and why Intensity Direction Persistence
BUS 272
BUS 272
Motivators
Extrinsic Motivation that comes from outside the person Intrinsic Motivation that comes from a persons internal desire to do something E.g., Due to interest, challenge, or personal satisfaction
Theory X Assumptions Employees dislike work Employees attempt to avoid work Employees must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment if they are to perform
Theory Y Assumptions Employees like to work Employees are creative, and seek responsibility Employees can exercise self-direction and self-control
E.g., Pay, bonuses, rewards, punishment, operant conditioning, other tangible rewards
BUS 272
BUS 272
BUS 272
Motivation Theories
8 9
Needs Theories
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory McClellands Theory of Needs
Process Theories
Expectancy Theory Goal-Setting Theory Self-Efficacy Theory
Hygiene Factors
Extrinsic (context of work) Dissatisfaction No Dissatisfaction
Motivators
Intrinsic (content of work) No Satisfaction Satisfaction Achievement Power Affiliation
BUS 272
BUS 272
Expectancy Theory
12 13
Goal-Setting Theory
Valence
Rewards Personal Goals
Expectancy
Effort Performance
Skills Training Information Support Reasonable tasks Self-esteem
Instrumentality
Performance Rewards
S M A R
Specific
Individuals know exactly what to be achieved
Measurable
Goals can be tracked and reviewed
Attainable
Goals are reasonable & achievable
Results-oriented
Goals should support the vision of organization
T
BUS 272
Time-bound
Goals are to be achieved within the stated time
BUS 272
BUS 272
Self-Efficacy Theory
15 16
Equity Theory
Person 1 Person 2
Input
Input
BUS 272
BUS 272
Correcting Inequity
17 18
Equity Comparisons I am really good at my job I am required to work long hours Most people in my role are paid $100,000 My coworkers in different roles are paid $85,000 I am paid $70,000 What should I do?
Responses to Inequity
BUS 272
Delegate authority Trust in workers Positive feedback Challenge Non-cynical climate Relevant task purposes Collaborative climate Celebrations
BUS 272
Negative Reinforcement
Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant
Punishment
Causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate an undesirable behaviour
Extinction
Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behaviour
BUS 272
BUS 272
Positive Reinforcement
24 25
Negative Reinforcement
BUS 272
BUS 272
Punishment
26 27
Extinction
BUS 272
BUS 272
Summary
28 29
Next Week
Thank you! To Do List
Quiz 5 Chapter 5 Group Contract
Use goals and feedback Allow employees to participate in decisions that affect them Link rewards to performance Check the system for equity
BUS 272
Readings
Chapter 5
Self-Tests
Is an Enriched Job for You? (p.203)
BUS 272
BUS 272