MATTER AND CHANGE

CHAPTER 2

In Yellowstone National Park, there are more than 300 geysers. If you are able to witness a geyser erupting, you will see water and steam shooting out of the ground. In Glacier National Park, the bottoms of glaciers go through melting and freezing cycles. These cycles produce valleys that are scored into a U-shape and are flanked by steep sides of earth. In Acadia National Park, the leaves on the deciduous trees change color each fall. The leaves go from green to red, orange, or yellow. All three of these sights are amazing to see. They all result from changes. Are they physical or chemical changes? One of them is not like the others. But which one is different, and why?
As we learn about matter, think about how matter is altered by physical and chemical changes.

CHEMYSTERY Which One is Not Like the Other??

Matter
Matter is anything that: has mass and takes up space
Mass = a measure of the amount of material the object contains Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object

Describing Matter
Properties used to describe matter can be classified as: 1. Extensive depends on the amount of matter in the sample
Example: mass, volume, calories

2.

Intensive depends on the type of matter, not the amount present

Example: hardness, density, boiling point

Extensive vs. Intensive

Examples:
boiling point volume

intensive
extensive extensive intensive intensive

mass
density

conductivity

Properties: Physical Property

Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Examples: color, hardness, melting point, and boiling point, and density

Properties: Chemical Property

Describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
Examples: ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react with, etc.

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

Examples:
melting point flammable density magnetic

physical
chemical

physical
physical chemical

tarnishes in air

Four States of Matter

Solids
particles vibrate but cant move around fixed shape fixed volume incompressible

Four States of Matter

Liquids
particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume Virtually incompressible

Four States of Matter

Gases
particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape and volume Easily compressed

Vapor: gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

Four States of Matter

Plasma
particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles gas-like, variable shape & volume Ex: stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes