MATHEMATICAL and COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

A general fourth-order family of methods for solving nonlinear equations

Jafar Biazar Guilan University Department of Mathematics P.O. Box 1914, P.C. 41938, Rasht Iran biazar@guilan.ac.ir Behzad Ghanbari Guilan University Department of Mathematics P.O. Box 1914, P.C. 41938, Rasht Iran ghanbari@guilan.ac.ir

Abstract: In this paper a new family of methods free from second derivative is presented. This new family of methods is constructed such that convergence is of order four. This new iterative family may be views as a extension of Kings family-which is one of the most well-known methods for solving nonlinear equations-furthermore this proposed family contains several existing methods as its particular cases. To illustrate the efciency and performance of methods of this family, several numerical examples are presented. numerical results illustrate the efciency and performance of the presented methods in comparison of other compared fourth-order methods. KeyWords: Iterative methods, Nonlinear equations, Newtons method

1 Introduction
Consider nonlinear equation

to nd a simple root , i.e., but .The design of iterative formulae for solving such equations is very important and interesting tasks in applied mathematics and other disciplines. In recent years, several authors have considered iterative methods to solve nonlinear equations; For example, [1] by using Adomian decomposition method, [2] by using quadrature formulas, [3] by using homotopy perturbation method, [4] by using Modied homotopy perturbation method and other techniques[5-9]. Its wellknown that the Newtons method is the most widely used (second-order) method for solving such equations, giving by

are presented by [5] (the notation of will be used throughout). [6] has presented some variants of kings family. The aim of this paper is to introduce a more general form of this family. This paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we analyze a general iterative formula for a nonlinear equation, and the last section is devoted to the numeric results obtained by applying some iterative methods in order to estimate a root of several nonlinear equations.

2 Description and convergence of the methods

Motivated and inspired by(2), we suggest and analyze the following iterative scheme:

(1)

(4)

So far, to improve the quadratic order of Newtons method several methods, such as Kings fourth-order family[5]:

where

(2)

and are parameters to be Where determined such that iterative method dened by (4) to be of order convergence four. It can be as easily seen that the choice of , reduces iteration formula (4) to the well-known king family of method(1); This guarantees the existence of such parameters. Theorem 1 Let be a simple zero of a suf for an open ciently differentiable function
79 ISBN: 978-960-474-133-5

ISSN: 1790-2769

(3)

MATHEMATICAL and COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

interval, which contains as initial approximation and , satisfying: of . If and , then the family of methods dened by (4) is of order four. Proof. Dening expansion, we have

In our knowledge, Formula (9) includes these following known methods, as particular cases:

and , we obtain a Case1: For well-known fourth-order King family of methods(1). and Case2: For fourth-order family of methods:

and using Taylors

, we obtain a

(5)

where

(10)

(6)

which was obtained by [7].

and , we obtain Case3: For following fourth-order family of methods:

Substitution of (5) and (6) into (3), leads to

(7)

Again, by Taylors expansion, we have

also for

respectively, we have

and

(8)

Form Eqs. (5)-(8) and (4), we obtain

Where

and ,

which were obtained by [6].

Case4: For we obtain a fourth-order method:

For reaching the fourth order of convergence, must be satisfying; hence we achieve

and

which was obtained by [8].

Case5: For fourth-order method:

This completes the proof. By some manipulations in (4) for the parameters that satisfy conditions of the theorem, and by introducing , and , following three-parameter family of fourth order methods has been obtained

and

, we obtain a

(11)

which was obtained by [8].

Case6: For fourth-order method:

(9) . It can Also, be veried that equawhere tion (9) has the following error equation:

and

, we obtain a

(12)

which was obtained by [8].

ISSN: 1790-2769

80

ISBN: 978-960-474-133-5

MATHEMATICAL and COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

Case7: For a fourth-order method:

and

, we obtain

and

which was obtained by [9]. Also, The proposed family (9) introduce the following new methods as other its particular cases. and , we obtain Case1: For the following new fourth-order method:

All computations were performed using Maple10 and 64 digit oating point arithmetic (Digits: = 64).

Conclusion

Case2: For , we obtain the following new fourth-order method:

and

(13)

(14)

Per iteration of this method requires two functions and one rst-derivative evaluations. If we consider the denition of efciency index in [10] as , where is the order of the method and is the number of functional evaluations, the iteration formula de ned by (9) has the efciency index equal to , which a better efciently index than Newis tons method ( ).

In this paper, we have constructed a new general iterative family of methods for solving nonlinear equations. This proposed iterative family contains Kings family and several well-known methods as special case, and can be effectively used for solving nonlinear equations. it is noteworthy that the presented methods show better performance than the compared Kings method and some recent its variants. Furthermore it can be seen that the new proposed methods of this family need less or equal iterations and computations per iteration, in comparison with other methods, which are valuable advantages of this presented family.

Numerical examples

Table 1. Number of needed iterations of various methods

In this section, some examples are presented to illustrate the efciency of proposed iterative family. In order to compare the Newton method (NM), King (KM), Ostrowskis method method with (11) (OM), Chun method (11)(CM1) and another Chun method(12)(CM2)with the new presented methods by Eq. (14)(BGM 1) and Eq. (15)(BGM 2), we take the same examples were presented in [7-9]

NM

KM

CHM1

CHM2

BGM1

BGM2

55 6 5 5 6 9 6 8 7 8 9 11 7 6

49 4 3 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 6 4 4

25 4 3 3 5 6 5 5 4 5 6 7 5 4

25 4 3 3 3 6 5 5 4 5 6 7 5 4

8 3 2 3 4 5 4 5 3 4 5 6 6 3

7 3 2 3 3 5 4 5 3 4 5 6 4 3

Tables 1 and 2, respectively, show the number of needed iterations and the corresponding number of functional(function itself plus its derivation) evaluations, by using following stopping criteria
ISSN: 1790-2769 81

Table 2. Number of needed functional calculations of various methods

ISBN: 978-960-474-133-5

MATHEMATICAL and COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

NM

KM

CHM1

CHM2

BGM1

BGM2

110 12 10 10 12 18 12 16 14 16 18 22 14 12

147 12 9 9 15 15 12 15 12 15 15 18 12 12

75 12 9 9 15 18 15 15 12 15 18 21 15 12

75 12 9 9 9 18 15 15 12 15 18 21 15 12

24 9 6 9 12 15 12 15 12 12 15 18 18 9

21 9 6 9 9 15 12 15 12 12 15 18 12 9

[10] M.Grau, J.L.Diaz, An improvement of the EulerChebyshev iterative method, J. Math. Anal. Appl.315(2006),1-7.

References: [1] E.Babolian, J.Biazar, Solution of nonlinear equations by modied Adomian decompositionmethod, Applied Mathematics and Computation,132(2002),167-172. M.Frontini,E.Sormani, Some variants of Newtons method with third-order convergence, Journal of Computational Applied Mathematics,140(2003),419-426. J.H.He, Newton-like iteration methods for solving algebraic equations, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul.3(2)(1998),106-109. S.Abbasbandy, Modied homotopy perturbation method for nonlinear equations and comparison with Adomian decomposition method, Applied Mathematics and Computation,172(2006), 431438. R.King, Family of fourth-order methods for nonlinear equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal.10(5)(1973),876-879. C.Chun, Some variants of Kings fourthorder family of methods for nonlinear equations, Aplied Mathematics and Computation 190(2007),57-62. A.M.Ostrowski, Solution of equations in Euclidean and Banach space,Academic Press, New York (1973). C.Chun, Fourth-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations, Aplied Mathematics and Computation195(2008),454-459. J.Kou, Y.Li, X.Wang, A composite fourthorder iterative method for solving nonlinear equations, Aplied Mathematics and Computation184(2007),471-475.
82 ISBN: 978-960-474-133-5

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

ISSN: 1790-2769