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Education & ICTs in Rural India - An Overview
Education & ICTs in Rural India - An Overview
Introduction
. The field-research was conducted in collaboration with IBM Research India and SRF Foundation. The six-weeks field-research was funded by STITPRO Foundation. . The field-work focused on building a holistic understanding of education in villages of Nuh block of Mewat district of Haryana. . During the field-research two design concepts and application prototypes were developed: - Spoken-English Cricket Game - Spoken-Web based Data Flow System . Research Methodology: Ethnography and Participatory Research . Design Approach: Participatory Design and Rapid Prototyping . Research Methods: Group Interviews, In-depth Interviews, Participant Observation, Village Transect Walks, Resource Map Drawing exercise, and Field-notes
. Mewat is 50 kms away from Gurgaon and 70 kms from New Delhi. . Mewat is one of the least developed district of Haryana.
. A remote village, lesser developed [3 kms removed from Gurgaon-Alwar SH-13 Highway] . Total population: 5457 [2839 Male/2618 Female] . Total Families: 713 [700 Muslim/13 Hindus] . Religious places of worship: 10 [Mosques]
. A highway village, more urbanized [By the side of Gurgaon-Alwar SH-13 Highway] . Total population: 1646 [848 Male/ 798 Female] . Total Families: 235
. Total Students: 1559 [818 Male/ 741 Female] . Total Teachers: 28 [26 Male/ 2 Female]
. A model school in Mewat . Total Students: 274 [123 Male/ 151 Female] . Total Teachers: 9 [4 Male / 5 Female] . Student-Teacher Ratio: 30:1
. Meo cultural and religious identities have strong impact on media and ICT consumption
. Strict restrictions and developing social tolerance on use of photography, videography, and editing . Newspapers are resisted because of presence of photographs . Very few households have Television-sets but Radio is ubiqitous . High penetration of Mobile Phones (and increasing popularity of Mobile Internet) . Gender disparity in media and ICT consumption
. The religious leaders have serious objection to any image, sketch or photograph of any living object but there are no religious objection to visual representation of non-living objects (nonliving includes trees & flowers)
. Case of Nokias Snake game, objectionable due to digital representation of snake. A rope instead of Snake would not be objectionable.
. Religious objection to the values and ideas presented by the contents of the visuals and not to the medium as such (E.g. advertisements are problematic and not the television set) . No objection to the use of human voice with a visual representation of a non-living object.
. Teachers identity and gender has a role in student enrollments . Lack of provision of water affects student attendance in variety of ways . Education of girls is a challenge . Student and Teacher Absenteeism are on-going problems
. Students and teachers voice the need to focus on development of Spoken English language skills. . Spoken English is considered to have a potential to change the employment landscape of the region. . Spoken English is considered important for improvement of the self-esteem of the many students. . Need for coherence of content of any mobile game/application with content of school curriculum.
. Cricket is immensely popular amongst students, both boys and girls, of Mewat .Very few households have television sets and people are accustomed to listening to cricket commentary on radio. . Other popular sports in Mewat: Wrestling, Kho-Kho, Kabbadi, Volley-ball and Athletics
A representative image from wikipedia.org: Cricket in stanley park.jpg (http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cricket_in_Stanley_Park.jpg)
. MicroSD cards are very popular for sharing videos, movies and songs
. An after-school mobile phone based audio game for students in rural India. . Primary aim is to improve the Spoken-English language skills. The game also incorporates English spelling learning and word-meaning learning. . The content of the game is based on the curriculum of the schools. . The game can be used by calling a toll-free number. The user does not have to pay for using the game.
Working Mechanism
. An English word/phrase/sentence is spoken (Bowling) to the user and the user is encouraged to respond back (Batting) with the right pronunciation. . The system analyses the user input, determines whether the pronunciation is correct or not and awards scores based on the user performance. The system also informs the user of the English spelling and Hindi meaning of the word. Three possible results: - Match, i.e., Correct Pronunciation results in score (Runs) - No-Match, i.e., Incorrect Pronunciation does not result in score (No-Run) - No-Input results does not result in score (No-run) . The interaction in the game is through cricket commentary. Cricket commentary dialogs (in male voice) are used for: Introduction, Encouragement, Score-Reporting, Transition, Bowling . The game starts with easy words and then moves to difficult words, phrases and sentences. Bowling (in female voice) consists of: - English words, phrases and sentences - Hindi meaning of English words - Translation of phrases and sentences in Hindi
Technological Implementation
. The game is based on the Spoken Web platform developed by IBM Research India. . The game is completely a server-side technology and hence independent of type of telephone device. A users phone does not require any extra features or software to be installed. . The technology behind the pronunciation detection is based on speech recognition. . The scalability and support are extremely streamlined and efficient. The current infrastructure is capable of supporting more than 10,000 students community. . Spoken-English Cricket Game (Pilot Video) [1 min 58sec]:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZSyTVtbcWY&feature=youtu.be
. Records are maintained in paper registers (Background Image: record book from 1955 till 1982) . Problems: Protecting records from water, rats and any other damage, retrieving data from numerous paper registers is time-consuming and labor-intensive work
Chandigarh
Post
URBAN RURAL
4. CLUSTER CENTRE
Village
Primary: Phone Secondary: Post, Face2Face
5. SCHOOL HEAD-MASTER
Village
Primary: Face2Face, Phone
6. TEACHER
Village
. An application that explores a voice-based approach for information and data access using mobile phones from rural schools. . Particular scenario of use: Data flow between DEEO/BEO and teachers in rural schools in Mewat . The application can be used by calling a toll-free number. The user does not have to pay for using the application. . Spoken-Web based Data Flow System (Prototype Video) [2 min 12 sec]:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HJ3jAg6BXY&feature=relmfu
Working Mechanism
+
+
User Phone
Step-1 a. A user calls the system and records a question Step-2 a. The system simultaneously calls saved contact phone numbers b. The system plays the recorded question c. The responding-user key-inputs answer and records spoken description of the answer Step-3 a. After sometime, the user calls the system b. The system communicates the aggregate of key-inputs c. The system sequentially plays the recorded messages
Further Work
. Exploring and Developing the Spoken-English Cricket Game by: - Introducing collaborative and competitive aspects - Engaging Spoken-English Language experts - Engaging existing oral traditions components in the interaction design of the game - Longitudinal study to evaluate the impact of the game . Spoken-Web Data Flow System: - Exploring the issues of anonymity and identity - Exploring the issues with documentation, management and sharing of voice-recordings - Extending the design concept for parent-teacher interaction and student attendance - Extending the concept for Asynchronous Voice Messaging - Co-design activities with Government officials (BEO and DEEO) and local teachers . Mobile based multi-modal applications for educational content - Utilizing the microSD cards usage practices for distribution of educational content . Exploring Mobile Internet for various education related possibilities in rural schools
Thank You
Contact: abhigyan.singh@gmail.com