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Solar Home Lighting Systems

SHLS consist of a solar PV panel, battery, charge controller and lighting system (lamps and fan).Depending on the PV panel size this system can power a lighting system ranging from a single lamp to several lamps and a fan or TV. This requires low ongoing maintenance except for a battery change every three to five years. Normally an SHLS will have a 12-volt direct-current (DC) stand-alone system which uses PV to electrify homes. Each SHLS comes along with a PV module (also called Panel), a battery, a charge controller, wiring, fluorescent or LED lights and outlets for other appliances. A typical design of an SHS with all its components is shown below:

It is important that those involved in choosing this system understand the different components. An elaboration of each of them is given below:

Module
Solar modules for an SHS would range between 20-75 Wp. They are mounted on a rooftop or atop a pole. The technology of this could be either crystalline or thin-film technology (also called amorphous). The crystalline silicon cells are produced by slowly extracting large crystals from a liquid silicon bath. These crystals are sliced into 1/100th-of-an-inch thick slices, or Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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'wafers', which are then processed into solar cells that are then connected and laminated into solar 'modules'. While this production process yields highly efficient (1015%) cells, it is expensive. This ultimately translates to a costly system for the buyer. The other technology which has become more acceptable among the major producers is the thin-film technology. This alternate 'thin-film' technology has only a thin layer of semi conducting material deposited onto cheaper substrates like glass or steel. The thinfilm silicon cells are produced by depositing vaporized silicon directly onto a glass or stainless steel substrate. While the efficiencies achieved are lower than with crystalline silicon, the production process is less expensive. These 'Amorphous Silicon' solar panels have slightly reduced efficiency, and are therefore slightly larger in size compared to crystalline silicon panels. However, with reduced cost, the system makes economic sense to the buyer. These thin-film solar solutions can work even under cloudy weather conditions. The Modules having crystalline cells have a lifetime of over 20 years, whereas the thin-film ones have a lifetime of around 10 years.

Battery
An electro-chemical storage battery is used to store the electricity converted by the solar module. During the day, electricity from the module charges the storage battery. During the evening, the battery is discharged to power the lights and other applications. Batteries are typically the 12-volt lead-acid batteries, ranging in capacity from 20-100 Amp-Hours (Ah). Batteries are typically sized to provide several days of electricity or 'autonomy', in the event of overcast weather preventing recharging. Among the models available, the deep-cycle batteries are the best. SHSs designed using these batteries operate over larger ranges of charge levels. These deep cycle batteries can be discharged to 70-80 per cent without incurring damage (car batteries on the other hand get discharged to only 15 per cent of their capacity). In case of SHSs, both deep-cycle and automotive batteries are used. Car batteries have a 3-5 year lifetime, whereas deep-cycle batteries (sealed and unsealed) last for 7-10 years. The price also varies accordingly.

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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Charge controller A charge controller is utilized to control the flow of electricity between the module ,the battery and the loads. It prevents battery damage by ensuring that the battery is operating within its normal charge levels. If the charge level in the battery falls below a certain level, a 'low voltage disconnect' (LVD) will cut the current to the loads, to prevent further discharge. Likewise, it will also cut the current from the module in case of overcharging. Of course, some systems do not have this facility. With increasing realization in the context of the rural market, the charge controller assumes significance. Those which do not have the automatic charge controller would use indicator lights on the controller to display the relative state of charge of the battery. This is seen in most of the models available in the market. This device is important as once over used, it takes a long time for the battery to get charged. In rural areas, where literacy levels are relatively lower, the presence of this device built into the system help prevent overuse of the battery, thereby increasing the life of the system. Wiring & Mounting devices An SHS will also have additional materials for mounting and connections. Metal frames are included to attach the PV Modules to a pole or roof. The SHS components are connected by wires and contain switches for the lights. In some cases, wiring is housed inside conduits attached to interior walls. These are important considerations as damages to wires by rats in rural areas can considerably reduce the life of the system. Similarly, the high velocity of the desert wind can destabilize the PV modules if not clamped well on the roofs. These two considerations are likely to be understood by those involved in installing the system. The technology as regards the solar panel, the battery and the bulbs is constantly being developed. The focus of the development is three-fold: a. Efficiency of the system, b. Cost reduction and c. Rough and tough to suit to the conditions of the rural areas. Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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In addition to this, a part of the focus of the technology is on adding user-required features to the system, keeping in mind the constantly changing and evolving needs of the rural population. In most cases, these features do not cost much, except for the fact that while the manufacturing is done, provisions for charging other gadgets could be included. The cost, however, will increase if the system is seeking to charge or run gadgets which require higher power (watt). This would require larger sized panels and different batteries and would, therefore, cost more than the one that has been described above. For practitioners taking such solar lighting systems to the people, an understanding of the requirement of the people will help in seeking adequate interface with the technology provider to tailor systems based on the parameters above. This could very well be understood if the agency does a thorough need assessment in the community.

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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Features:
Dual charging thru optional solar photovoltaic panel and utility. Zero utility bill on Solar charge mode Automatic change over from utility or solar to inverter mode Wide input range operation i.e. 150Vac 280Vac High & Low voltage protection for load connected True Sine Wave output Intelligent Battery management Battery over drain protection Inverter overload protection & auto recovery Short circuit protection Microcontroller topology

Alarms
Display Mains present Solar ON Inverter ON Battery charging ON Battery low Inverter Overload

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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Audible Alarm
Battery Low Inverter Overload

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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800 VA Solar Inverter Specification

Description Input voltage Output voltage on main mode Output voltage on inverter mode Output frequency on inverter mode Output waveform on main mode Output waveform on inverter mode Battery charging current Efficiency Cooling Dimension L W H (in mm) Weight (Approximate in Kg) Operating conditions (Operating Temp. Ambient) Low Battery AC Mains Overload Inverter Health AC Charging Solar Charging

: : : : :

Specification 150V ~ 280V Same as input 200V ~ 230V 10% 50Hz 0.1Hz

: Same as input : Sine wave or quasi @ full load : PWM controlled constant current C/10 @ battery capacity : < 85% : Forced cooling by DC fan : 290 380 230 : 24Kg : 0 - 50C : : : : : : Audio & Visual Audio & Visual Audio & Visual Visual Visual Visual

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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1400 VA Solar Inverter Specification
Description Input voltage Output voltage on main mode Output voltage on inverter mode Output frequency on inverter mode Output waveform on main mode Output waveform on inverter mode Battery charging current Efficiency Cooling Dimension L W H (in mm) Weight (Approximate in Kg) Operating conditions (Operating Temp. Ambient) Low Battery AC Mains Overload Inverter Health AC Charging Solar Charging : : : : : Specification 150V ~ 280V Same as input 200V ~ 230V 10% 50Hz 0.1Hz

: Same as input : Sine wave or quasi @ full load : PWM controlled constant current C/10 @ battery capacity : < 85% : Forced cooling by DC fan : 330 335 150 : 17Kg : 0 - 50C : : : : : : Audio & Visual Audio & Visual Audio & Visual Visual Visual Visual

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83

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2000 VA Solar Inverter Specification
Description Input voltage Output voltage on main mode Output voltage on inverter mode Output frequency on inverter mode Output waveform on main mode Output waveform on inverter mode Battery charging current Efficiency Cooling Dimension L W H (in mm) Weight (Approximate in Kg) Operating conditions (Operating Temp. Ambient) Low Battery AC Mains Overload Inverter Health AC Charging Solar Charging : : : : : Specification 150V ~ 280V Same as input 200V ~ 230V 10% 50Hz 0.1Hz

: Same as input : Sine wave or quasi @ full load : PWM controlled constant current C/10 @ battery capacity : < 85% : Forced cooling by DC fan : 290 380 230 : 24Kg : 0 - 50C : : : : : : Audio & Visual Audio & Visual Audio & Visual Visual Visual Visual

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Sl. No. Description Price 1 SOLAR HYBRID INVERTER SOLAR HYBRID POWER PACK 800VA SPV Modules 75wp 1No. 32,500.00 Battery 80Ah 1No. Gallant Inverter 800VA 1No. SOLAR HYBRID POWER PACK 1400VA SPV Modules 75wp 2Nos. 58,500.00 Battery 80Ah 2Nos. Gallant Inverter 1400VA 1No. SOLAR HYBRID POWER PACK 2000VA SPV Modules 75wp 4Nos. 95,500.00 Battery 100Ah 2Nos. Gallant Inverter 2000VA 1No. GALLANT DUO INVERTER WITH BATTERY (No Panel) INVERTER 800VA ( Without SPV Module ) 19,900.00 Battery 80Ah 1No. Gallant Inverter 800VA 1No. INVERTER 1400VA ( Without SPV Module ) 32,900.00 Battery 80Ah 2Nos. Gallant Inverter 1400VA 1No. INVERTER 2000VA ( Without SPV Module ) 44,900.00 Battery 100Ah 2Nos. Gallant Inverter 2000VA 1No. GALLANT DUO HYBRID INVERTER ONLY INVERTER 800VA 7,600.00 INVERTER 1400VA 9,400.00 INVERTER 2000VA 13,300.00

7 8 9

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Sl. No. Description SOLAR HOME LIGHTING SERIES SOLAR DC HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM Model No - SHL2 SPV Modules 37wp 1No. Battery 40Ah 1No. CFL Luminary 7w 1No. SOLAR DC HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM Model No - SHL3 SPV Modules 37wp 1No. Battery 40Ah 1No. CFL Luminary 7w 1No. Solar DC Fan 14w 1No. SOLAR DC HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM Model No - SHL4 SPV Modules 75wp 1No. Battery 80Ah 1No. CFL Luminary 7w 2Nos. Solar DC Fan 14w 1No. SOLAR DC HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM Model No - SHL4A SPV Modules 37wp 1No. Battery 40Ah 1No. CFL Luminary 7w 4Nos. DC HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM SPV Modules 10wp 1No. JUGNU Charging Module 1No. LED Luminary 3w 3Nos. Mobile Charging Pin 1No. AC Charging Adaptor 1No. Price

16,500.00

18,500.00

30,000.00

19,000.00

9,200.00

Office : Plot No : 7-77/46,Ayyappa Colony ,Phase-I, Nagaram (post) ECIL ,Hyd-83