Recent Trends in IT 3GMOBILE COMMUNICATION

DINESH. M INFANT KISHORE. T

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR.

ABSTRACT 3rd Generation Wireless, or 3G, is the generic term used for the next generation of mobile communications systems. 3G systems aim to provide enhanced voice, text and data services to user. The main benefit of the 3G technologies will be substantially enhanced capacity, quality and data rates than are currently available. 3G Mobile will enable the provision of advanced services transparently to the end user and will bridge the gap between the wireless world and the computing/Internet world, making inter-operation apparently seamless. The third generation networks should be in a position to support real-time video, high-speed multimedia and mobile Internet access. All this should be possible by means of highly evolved air interfaces, packet core networks, and increased availability of spectrum. The ability to provide high-speed data is one of the key features of third generation networks, the real strength of these networks will be providing enhanced capacity for high quality voice services. The need for landline quality voice capacity is increasing more rapidly than the current 2nd generation networks will be able to support. High data capacities will open new revenue sources for the operators and bring the Internet more closer to the mobile customer. The use of all-ATM or all-IP based communications between the network elements will also bring down the operational costs of handling both voice and data, in addition to adding flexibility. The drive for 3G is the need for higher capacities and higher data rates. Whereas higher capacities can basically be obtained by having a greater chunk of spectrum or by using new evolved air interfaces, the data requirements can be served to a certain extent by overlaying 2.5G technologies on the existing networks. In many cases it is possible to provide higher speed packet data by adding few network elements and a software

The 3rd Generation Mobile System will most likely grow out of the convergence of enhanced 2nd generation mobile systems with greater data transfer speed and capacity and 1st generation satellite mobile systems. Evolution to the current generation mobile networks to 3G doesn't necessarily mean seamless up gradation to the existing infrastructure to the 3G.

CONTENTS Page No. :

1. INTRODUCTION 2. A GLOBAL VISION TO 3G MOBILE 3. 3G ARCHITECTUE 4. CHARECTRISTICS OF 3G 5. EVOLUTION TOWARDS 3G 6. SECURITY ASPECTS 7. 3G SECURITY FEATURES
8. CONCLUSION

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9. REFERENCE

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1. Introduction 3rd Generation Wireless, or 3G, is the generic term used for the next generation of mobile communications systems. 3G systems aim to provide enhanced voice, text and data services to user. The main benefit of the 3G technologies will be substantially enhanced capacity, quality and data rates than are currently available. 3G Mobile will enable the provision of advanced services transparently to the end user and will bridge the gap between the wireless world and the computing/Internet world, making inter-operation apparently seamless. The third generation networks should be in a position to support real-time video, high-speed multimedia and mobile Internet access. All this should be possible by means of highly evolved air interfaces, packet core networks, and increased availability of spectrum. The ability to provide high-speed data is one of the key features of third generation networks, the real strength of these networks will be providing enhanced capacity for high quality voice services. The need for landline quality voice capacity is increasing more rapidly than the current 2nd generation networks will be able to support. High data capacities will open new revenue sources for the operators and bring the Internet more closer to the mobile customer. The use of all-ATM or all-IP based communications between the network elements will also bring down the operational costs of handling both voice and data, in addition to adding flexibility. The drive for 3G is the need for higher capacities and higher data rates. Whereas higher capacities can basically be obtained by having a greater chunk of spectrum or by using new evolved air interfaces, the data requirements can be served to a certain extent by overlaying 2.5G technologies on the existing networks. In many cases it is possible to provide higher speed packet data by adding few network elements and a software The 3rd Generation Mobile System will most likely grow out of the convergence of enhanced 2nd generation mobile systems with greater data transfer speed and capacity and 1st generation satellite mobile systems. Evolution to the current generation mobile networks to 3G doesn't necessarily mean seamless up gradation to the existing infrastructure to the 3G.

2. A Global Vision to 3G Mobile

The IMT-2000 third generation mobile standard enables mobile users to harness the full power of the Internet through efficient high-speed radio transmission, optimized for multimedia communications 3. 3G Architecture The 3G network will have a layered architecture, which will enable the efficient delivery of voice and data services. A layered network architecture, coupled with standardized open interfaces, will make it possible for the network operators to introduce and roll out new services quickly

Circuit Network
Circuit Switch
IN Services

Circuit/ Signaling Gateway

Feature Server(s)

Mobility Manager

RNC Voice Radio Access Control

Data + Packet Voice

Call Agent

IP Core Network
IP RAN

Packet Gateway

Packet Network (Internet)

2G

2G/2.5G

3G

. These networks will have a connectivity layer at the bottom providing support for high quality voice and data delivery. Using IP or ATM or a combination of both, this layer will handle all data and voice info. The layer consists of the core network equipment like routers, ATM switches and transmission equipment. Other equipment provides support for the core bit stream of voice or data, providing QOS etc. In 3G networks, voice and data will not be treated separately which could lead to a reduction in operational costs of handling data separately from voice. The application layer on top will provide open application service interfaces enabling flexible service creation. This user application layer will contain services for which the end user will be willing to pay. These services will include eCommerce, GPS and other differentiating services. In between the application layer and the connectivity layer, will run the control layer with MSC servers, support servers, HLR etc. These servers are needed to provide any service to a subscriber. 4. Characteristics of 3G The main characteristics of 3G systems, known collectively as IMT2000, are a single family of compatible standards that have the following characteristics: Used worldwide Used for all mobile applications Support both packet-switched (PS) and circuit-switched (CS) data transmission Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) Offer high spectrum efficiency

Figure 1. Multiple Standards for Different Applications and Countries

IMT2000 is a set of requirements defined by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). As previously mentioned, IMT stands for International Mobile Telecommunications, and 2000 represents both the scheduled year for initial trial systems and the frequency range of 2000 MHz. All 3G standards have been developed by regional Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs). In total, proposals for 17 different IMT2000 standards were submitted by regional SDOs to ITU in 199811 proposals for terrestrial systems and 6 for Mobile Satellite Systems (MSSs). Evaluation of the proposals was completed at the end of 1998, and negotiations to build a consensus among differing views were completed in mid 1999. All 17 proposals have been accepted by ITU as IMT2000 standards. The specification for the Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) was released at the end of 1999. The most important IMT2000 proposals are the UMTS (W-CDMA) as the successor to GSM, CDMA2000 as the interim standard 95 (IS95) successor, and time divisionsynchronous CDMA (TD SCDMA) (universal wireless communication136 [UWC136]/EDGE) as TDMAbased enhancements to D AMPS/GSMall of which are leading previous standards toward the ultimate goal of IMT2000. UMTS allows many more applications to be introduced to a worldwide base of users and provides a vital link between todays multiple GSM systems and IMT2000. The new network also addresses the growing demand of mobile and Internet applications for new capacity in the overcrowded mobile communications sky. UMTS increases transmission speed to 2 Mbps per mobile user and establishes a global roaming standard. UMTS is being developed by Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a joint venture of several SDOsETSI (Europe), Association of Radio Industries and Business/Telecommunication Technology Committee (ARIB/TTC) (Japan), American National Standards Institute (ANSI) T-1 (USA), telecommunications technology association (TTA) (South Korea), and Chinese Wireless Telecommunication Standard (CWTS) (China). To reach global acceptance, 3GPP is introducing UMTS in phases and annual releases. The first release (UMTS Rel. 99), introduced in December of 1999, defines enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks. For the second phase (UMTS Rel. 00), similar transitions are being proposed as enhancements for IS95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with TDCDMA and EDGE).

The most significant change is the new UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), a WCDMA radio interface for land-based communications. UTRA supports time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD). The TDD mode is optimized for public micro and Pico cells and unlicensed cordless applications. The FDD mode is optimized for wide-area coverage, i.e., public macro and micro cells. Both modes offer flexible and dynamic data rates up to 2 Mbps. Another newly defined UTRA mode, multicarrier (MC), is expected to establish compatibility between UMTS and CDMA2000. 5. Evolution towards 3G Phase 1 of the standardization of GSM900 was completed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in 1990 and included all necessary definitions for the GSM network operations. Several tele services and bearer services have been defined (including data transmission up to 9.6 kbps), but only some very basic supplementary services were offered. As a result, GSM standards were enhanced in Phase 2 (1995) to incorporate a large variety of supplementary services that were comparable to digital fixed network integrated services digital network (ISDN) standards. In 1996, ETSI decided to further enhance GSM in annual Phase 2+ releases that incorporate 3G capabilities. GSM Phase 2+ releases have introduced important 3G features such as intelligent network (IN) services with customized application for mobile enhanced logic (CAMEL), enhanced speech compression/decompression (CODEC), enhanced full rate (EFR), and adaptive multirate (AMR), highdata rate services and new transmission principles with high-speed circuit-switched data (HSCSD), general packet radio service (GPRS), and enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). UMTS is a 3G GSM successor standard that is downwardcompatible with GSM, using the GSM Phase 2+ enhanced core. The swift migration from 2G to 3G and their bandwidth used are as in the Figure.

6. Security Aspects Network Authentication The user can identify the network

Explicit Integrity Data integrity is assured explicitly by use of integrity algorithms Also stronger confidentiality algorithms with longer keys

Network Security Mechanisms to support security within and between networks

Switch Based Security Security is based within the switch rather than the base station

IMEI Integrity Integrity mechanisms for IMEI provided from the start

Secure Services Protect against misuse of services provided by SN and HE

Secure Applications Provide security for applications resident on USIM

Fraud Detection Mechanisms to combating fraud in roaming situations

Flexibility Security features can be extended and enhanced as required by new threats and services

Visibility and Configurability Users are notified whether security is on and what level of security is Users can configure security features for individual services available.

7. 3G Security Features Mutual Authentication

During Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) the user and network authenticate each other, and also they agree on cipher and integrity key (CK, IK). CK and IK are used until their time expires. Assumption: trusted HE and SN, and trusted links between them.

After AKA, security mode must be negotiated to agree on encryption algorithm.

and

integrity

USIM AKA process:

VLR AV request, send IMSI

HLR

RAND(i) || AUTN(i) Generate RES(i)

8. Conclusion

Generate authentication data V(1..n) Compare RES(i) and XRES(i)

Standardization of 3G mobile systems is based on ITU (International Telecom Union) recommendations for IMT 2000. IMT 2000 specifies a set of requirements that must be achieved 100% for a network to be called 3G. By providing multimedia capacities and higher data rates, these systems will enhance the range and quality of services provided by 2G systems. The main contenders for 3G systems are wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and CDMA2000. The ETSI/ GSM players including infrastructure vendors such as Nokia and Ericsson backed W-CDMA. cdma2000 was backed by the North American CDMA community, led by the CDMA Development Group (CDG) including infrastructure vendors such as Qualcomm and Lucent Technologies. Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) is the widely used European name for 3G. The proposed IMT-2000 standard for third generation mobile networks globally is a CDMA-based standard that encompasses THREE OPTIONAL modes of operation, each of which should be able to work over both GSM MAP and IS-41 network architectures. UMTS is the European designation for 3G systems. The UMTS frequency bands selected by the ITU are 1,885 MHz - 2,025 MHz (Tx) and 2,110 MHz - 2,2,20 MHz (Rx). Higher frequency bands could be added in future if need be, for stationary data. There is still some confusion about all the frequency options as FCC has not given clear indications so far. The following table should briefly give an idea about the 3G system specifications.

9. References 3G TS 33.120 Security Principles and Objectives http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG3_Security/_Specs/33120-300.pdf

3G TS 33.120 Security Threats and Requirements http://www.arib.or.jp/IMT-2000/ARIB-spec/ARIB/21133-310.PDF Michael Walker On the Security of 3GPP Networks http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/cosic/eurocrypt2000/mike_walker.pdf Redl, Weber, Oliphant An Introduction to GSM Artech House, 1995 Joachim Tisal GSM Cellular Radio Telephony John Wiley & Sons, 1997

Lauri Pesonen GSM Interception http://www.dia.unisa.it/ads.dir/corso-security/www/CORSO3G TR 33.900 A Guide to 3rd Generation Security ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/TSG_SA/WG3_Security/_Specs/33900-120.pdf 3G TS 33.102 Security Architecture ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/2000-12/R1999/33_series/33102-370.zip 3G TR 21.905 Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications http://www.quintillion.co.jp/3GPP/Specs/21905-010.pdf 9900/a5/Netsec/netsec.html

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