1 GSM Principles and Call Flow 1.

1 GSM Frequency Band AllocationGSM cellular system can be divided into GSM900M and DCS1800M according tofrequency band, with carrier frequency interval of 200 KHz and up and downfrequencies as follows:Table 1-1 GSM frequency allocationFrequency band(MHz), Bandwidth(MHz), Frequency number, Carrier frequencynumber (pair)GSM900 Up 890915 Down 935960, 25, 1124, 124DCS1800 Up 17101785 Down 18051880, 75, 512 885, 374Up and down are classified according to base station. Base stationtransmitting - mobile station receiving is down; mobile station transmitting -base station receiving is up.With the expanding services, GSM protocol adds EGSM(expanded GSM frequencyband) and RGSM (expanded GSM frequency band including railway service) tothe original GSM900 frequency band. The frequency band allocation is as follows:Table 1-1 GSM frequency allocationFrequency band(MHz), Bandwidth(MHz), Frequency number, Carrier frequencynumber (pair)GSM900 Up 890915 Down 935960, 25, 1124, 124DCS1800 Up 17101785 Down 1805 1880, 75, 512885, 374Up and down are classified according to base station. Base stationtransmitting - mobile station receiving is down; mobile station transmitting -base station receiving is up.With the expanding services, GSM protocol adds EGSM(expanded GSM frequencyband) and RGSM (expanded GSM frequency band including railway service) tothe original GSM900 frequency band. The frequency band allocation is asfollows:Table 1-2 EGSM/RGSM frequency allocationFrequency band(MHz), Bandwidth (MHz), Frequency number, Carrier frequencynumber (pair) EGSM Up 880915 Down 925960, 35, 0124 , 9751023, 174RGSM Up 876915 Down 921960, 40, 0124, 9551023, 199 1.2 Multiple Access Technology and Logical Channel 1.2.1 GSM Multiple Access TechnologyIn cellular mobile communications system, since many mobiles stationscommunicate with other mobiles stations through one base station, it isnecessary to distinguish the signals from different mobile stations and basestations for them to identify their own signals. The way to this problem iscalled multiple access technology. There are now five kinds of Multiple accesstechnology, namely: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time DivisionMultiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Space DivisionMultiple Access (SDMA), and polar division multiple access (PDMA).GSM multiple access technology focuses on TDMA, and takes FDMA ascomplement. The following only introduces FDMA and TDMA technologies.I. FDMAFDMA divides the whole frequency band into many single radio channels(transmitting and receiving carrier frequency pairs). Each channel transmitsone path of speech or control information. Any subscriber has access to one of these channels under the control of the system