Gas absorption/desorption is a process in which a gaseous mixture is brought into contact with a liquid and during this contact

a component is transferred between the gas stream and the liquid stream. The gas may be bubbled through the liquid, or it may pass over streams of the liquid, arranged to provide a large surface through which the mass transfer can occur. The liquid film in this latter case can flow down the sides of columns or over packing, or it can cascade from one tray to another with the liquid falling and the gas rising in the counter flow. The gas, or components of it, either dissolves in the liquid (absorption) or extracts a volatile component from the liquid (desorption). http://www.nzifst.org.nz/unitoperations/conteqseparation8.htm#equip Plug flow, or tubular, reactors consist of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Uses of tubular reactors are in gasoline production, oil cracking, synthesis of ammonia from its elements, and the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide. http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Reactors/PFR/PFR.html
heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning,power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger
Liquidliquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. used to refer to the underlying chemical and physical processes involved in liquidliquid extractionbut may be fully synonymous.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-liquid_extraction
Viscometer is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. Viscometers are used to determine the viscous properties of a fluid at ambient or defined temperatures. Usually they come in the form of a calibrated capillary tube, which allow the liquid to pass in a specified time period at a controlled temperature.

http://www.laboratoryequipmentworld.com/viscometer.html

The oxygen bomb calorimeter is used to assess the gross calorific value, or the gross heat of combustion of a material. The instrument determines the potential maximum total heat released by a product when undergoing complete combustion, regardless of its end use.
http://www.gbhinternational.com/specsbomb.htm

An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye. 2. An instrument, such as an electron microscope, that uses electronic or other processes to magnify objects.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/microscope

convection oven
An oven having a fan that shortens cooking time by circulating hot air uniformly around the food.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/convection+oven
incubator An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/incubator

A definition of fuzzy logic systems set mathematical determination to the emulation of certain perceptual and lingual attributes related with human cognition, where the science of neural networks provides a new computing tool with learning and adaptation capabilities. The theory of fuzzy logic gives an inference method under cognitive uncertainty, computational neural networks, fuzzy logic offer exciting benefits such as learning, adaptation, fault tolerance, parallelism, and generalization.
http://www.learnartificialneuralnetworks.com/fuzzy-logic.html
ion exchange - A reversible chemical reaction between an insoluble solid and a solution during which ions may be interchanged, used in water softening and in the separation of radioactive isotopes.

http://www.answers.com/topic/ion-exchange

Kjeldahl Digestion Apparatus

Kjeldahl extraction heating mantles are ideal for repetitive extracting, refluxing, and distilling procedures in labs of the food, textile fiber, water, petroleum, and many other industries.

http://www.capitolscientific.com/estylez_ps.aspx?searchmode=category&searchcatcontext=~LABORAT ORY~LAB-C%2FD~LAB-DISTIL~KJEL-DIG1
A fume hood or fume cupboard is a type of local ventilation device that is designed to limit exposure to hazardous or noxious fumes, vapors or dusts. A fume hood is typically a large piece of equipment enclosing five sides of a work area, the bottom of which is most commonly located at a standing work height.
[1]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fume_hood Electric furnace is used for heating purpose in various industrial production processes. Electric furnaces are used where more accurate temperature control is required. There are three types of electrical furnaces namely: (1) Induction Heating Furnace (2) Resistance Heating Furnace and (3)

Arc furnace depending upon the method of heat generation. http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/publications/pmryprof/electrical/ch11.pdf

A viscometer (also called viscosimeter) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. Viscometers only measure under one flow condition

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscometer
A pH meter is an electronic instrument used for measuring the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid (though special probes are sometimes used to measure the pH of semi-solid substances). A typical pH meter consists of a special measuring probe (a glass electrode) connected to an electronic meter that measures and displays the pH reading.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_meter
A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction(refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from Snell's law and can be calculated from the composition of the material using the GladstoneDale relation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometer Capillary Melting Points Capillary melting points, either in an oil bath or a melting-point apparatus, are most often used for the determination of the melting point of a solid. A few crystals of the compound are placed in a thinwalled capillary tube 10-15 cm long, about 1 mm in inside diameter, and closed at one end. The capillary, which contains the sample, and a thermometer are then suspended so they can be heated slowly and evenly. The temperature range over which the sample is observed to melt is taken as the melting point. http://www.chem.wisc.edu/courses/342/Fall2004/Melting_Point.pdf
A polarimeter is an optical instrument used to measure the angle that plane-polarized light passes through a given sample. The angle at which light passes through a pure substance is specific. Polarimeters calculate the purities of substances and are used in industries such as pharmaceuticals or food science, where the exact concentration of a substance must be known.

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5932467_description-polarimeter.html