250kVA Unified Power Quality Controller

250kVA Unified Power Quality Controller

P. Ganesan, R. Sudeep Kumar Power Electronics Group Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), Trivandrum, India
ganesh@cdactvm.in , sudeep@cdactvm.in
Overview of the Presentation

Introduction to Power Quality Problems and Solutions Overview of Unified Power Quality Controller Specification of 250kVA Unified Power Quality Controller Power circuit configuration of 250kVA UPQC Converter topology of Shunt Compensator Converter topology of Series Compensator Power circuit Test results and field trial of the UPQC Conclusion
1/26
Power Quality Affected by Polluting Load

PCC
A
Pure Sinusoidal Distorted voltage
L O A D
Polluting Load
2/26
Two Main Power Quality Problems
Harmonics and Reactive current drawn by the loads. Voltage Sag,Swell,Unbalance etc.
3/26
Modern Power Quality Solutions

Shunt Active Filter (STATCOM) Series Active Filter (Dynamic Voltage Restorer)
4/26
STATCOM
Vpcc Isat Ls Vdc Vsat Compensates Reactive Current Harmonic Current
5/26
Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR)

Vgrid Vdvr Vload
Vdc Corrects Voltage sag and Swell Voltage unbalance Voltage flicker
6/26
Single Line diagram of Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC)

VGRID GRID I FILTER Vdvr Idvr Vdc IGRID LOAD
Series Active Filter
Shunt Active Filter
7/26
Power Flow Control of UPQC Under Nominal Voltage Condition

VOLTAGE CURRENT POWER 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 Phase grid Supply
CONTACTOR
TRANSFORMER
LOAD
0%
0%
SERIES AF
SHUNT AF
8/26
Power Flow Control of UPQC Under Low Voltage Condition

3 Phase grid Supply
CONTACTOR
TRANSFORMER
LOAD
10%
10% SERIES AF SHUNT AF
10%
9/26
Power Flow Control of UPQC Under High Voltage Condition

3 Phase grid Supply
CONTACTOR
TRANSFORMER
LOAD
10% 10% SERIES AF SHUNT AF
10%
10/26
UPQC System Specification

Input Voltage Output Voltage Rating Power Factor Configuration Cooling Enclosure Digital Controller :415V, 3 Phase, +10%, -15%, 50 Hz :415V, 3 Phase, +/- 1%, 50 Hz (phase voltages will be balanced) :250kVA(output load) :Will be maintained at near Unity at the grid side :IGBT Inverter :Forced Air 1x3 bridge for shunt 3x1 bridge for series
Ambient temperature :45o C :Suitable for indoor application :DSP based controller 11/26
Converter Topology
Shunt Compensator
+ve Bus
Series Compensator
+ve Bus
+
Capacitor Bank
+
Capacitor Bank
-ve Bus
R Y B
-ve Bus
P N
No of Switches : 6
No of Switches : 12 ( 4 *3 )
12/26

Vgr Vgy Vgb
PT Igr
415V AC Contactor CR1
Power Circuit
TRX 1
R Igy Y
TRX 2
C11 C12
L O
Igb B
TRX 3
C13 C14
A D
C15 C16
PT4 PT5 PT6
DB2 MAIN SMPS & GATE DRIVER SMPS C10 DB1 SSR 3 R7
C9 R5 R6
TRX 4
F1 F2 F3
415 V Ishr Ishy
Vdb
Vdy
Vdr
415V AC Contactor
CR2
L1 Id1 L2 Id2 L3 Id3 Vdc DC F/B Ckt
L4
R8
C1
C3
C5 R1 R3
C7
S4-S9
R2 R4 C2 C4 C6 C8
13/26
SERIES ACTVE FILTER
SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER
Shunt compensator control Block Diagram

* Vdc
Vdc
Load Current Unit Vector
a, b, c ,
I lq
d, q
LPF
I iq
+
L
++
Viq
STATCOM Current
a, b, c ,
, d, q
I id
+ + ++
Vid
L
Grid Voltage magnitude
14/26
Control Scheme for Series Active Filter

Grid Iinv SA Vdc SA SB VLoad 1: N Load SB Lf IP IL Cf
Vc
Iinv(ref) = Ip +
f Vload(ref) Vload N Tvc L f (Iinv(ref) Iinv ) Vinv(ref) = Vc + N TiL

15/26
Control Hardware
18 Analog Input channels ADC interface (on-chip + external)
6 PWM For Shunt Compensator 12 PWM For 3x1 Series Compensator Fault Signal from IPM
PWM Interface
6 PWM
I/O Interfaces
3PWM
DSP TMS 320F240

DAC Interface
Monitoring
FPGA
3 PWM
Fault Interface
RS 232 Driver
32K word of RAM CY7C1020
16/26
Digital Controller
FPGA
TMS 320F240 DSP
17/26
Performance Evaluation of 250kVA UPQC

Readings at different load
Grid Voltage (V) Vgrn 239 237 240 Vgyn 238 236 240 Vgbn 240 238 240 Grid Current (A) Igr 56 53 43 Igy 77 73 66 Igb 63 59 53 Load Voltage (V) Vlrn 221 220 221 Vlyn 219 219 220 Vlbn 220 220 219 Load Current (A) Ilr 70 63 55 Ily 88 82 76 Ilb 75 64 58
Grid and Load Power Factor

Grid Power Factor Load Power Factor
R 0.97 0.97 0.98
0.98 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.98
0.78 0.82 0.85 0.78 0.81 0.85 0.80 0.82 0.85
18/26
Performance Evaluation of Shunt Active Filter

3 Phase AC Supply
120kVA UPS with front end 6 pulse Thyristor rectifier 3x1 Series Active Filter 1x3 Shunt Active Filter Harmonics THD 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Before Harmonic After Harmonic Compensation (%) Compensation (%) 9.4 4.5 0.7 2.1 8.2 0.3 1.9 2.6 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.9 0.2 1.7 2.3 0.3 0.3
Grid current before Compensation
Grid current after Compensation
19/26
Performance Evaluation of Shunt Active Filter

Grid Current before compensation
Grid Current after compensation
Harmonic Spectrum before compensation
Harmonic Spectrum after compensation
20/26
Performance Evaluation of Series Active Filter

Buck Mode Boost Mode
Vset = 210V
Channel1-R phase Grid Voltage Channel2-R phase Load Voltage
Vset = 270V
Channel1- Y phase Grid Voltage Channel2- Y phase Load Voltage
21/26
Transient Response of Series Active Filter

Vset = 210V (r.m.s) to 270V (r.m.s) Channel1 R-phase Grid Voltage Channel2 R phase Load voltage
Step input
22/26
250kVA UPQC at C-DAC Lab in India
23/26

Cooling Fan Shunt AF Power stack
Series AF Power stack Shunt AF Coupling Inductor Sensors
Series AF Coupling Transformers
Series AF LC Filter
24/26
Shunt AF Power stack
Series AF Power stack
25/26
Conclusions on UPQC
UPQC can mitigate Voltage sag,swell and Unbalance UPQC can supply VAR to load It isolates the load current harmonics from flowing to the utility It maintains unity input power factor at all conditions Dynamic response is fast
26/26
Thank you

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250kVA Unified Power Quality Controller