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HANDBOOK
SAA HB91994

Occupational personal protection

SAA HB91994

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HANDBOOK
Occupational personal protection

First published as SAA HB9 1986. Second edition 1994.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 8205 7

PREFACE
This edition of the Handbook which has been restructured and expanded to incorporate new material was prepared in collaboration with a consultant occupational hygienist, Olga Pitt BSc (Hons) Sydney University, CIH (Certified Industrial HygienistUSA), MAIOH. It makes reference to many Australian and overseas safety Standards concerned with occupational personal protection. Major changes include new sections dealing with general principles on personal protection in the workplace and guidance for identifying and dealing with hazards encountered in the workplace. Existing material dealing with the prevention of injury to the whole body or various parts of the body such as head, eyes and limbs, and the respiratory system have been expanded to take account of the changes in technology and knowledge about workplace hazards. Readers attention is drawn to the point that the Standards from which extracts are taken are subject to amendment and periodic review; therefore at some future time a particular extract may become out of date. The currency of the particular extract may be checked by comparing the date of publication of this Handbook with the date of publication of the Standard or the month and year of publication of any amendment thereto as shown in the current catalogue of Australian Standards. The views of users of this Handbook will be welcomed by Standards Australia, particularly on the scope of and range of subjects it covers. These comments will be taken into account when the Handbook is next reviewed.

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Copyri ght

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Users of this Handbook are reminded that copyri ght subsists in all Standards Australi a publi cati ons and soft ware. Except where the Copyright Act all ows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australi a may be reproduced, stored in a retri eval system in any form or tr ansmit ted by any means without pri or permission in writ ing fr om Standards Australi a. Permission may be conditi onal on an appropriate royalt y payment. Requests for permission and informati on on commercial software royalt ies should be directed to the head offi ce of Standards Austr alia. Standards Australi a wil l permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Handbook to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Handbook wit hout payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia. Standards Austr alia will also permit the inclusion of its copyri ght material in computer soft ware programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edit ion of the Handbook and that it is updated whenever the referenced Standards are amended or revised. The number and date of the Handbook should therefore be clearly identif ied. The use of materi al in pri nt form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or wit hout payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.

CONTENTS
Page

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3

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PERSONAL PROTECTION IN THE WORKPLACE . . . . .

HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 PREVENTION OF HEAD INJURIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 PREVENTION OF EYE INJURIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 PREVENTION OF LIMB AND BODY INJURY . . . . . . . 131

CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7

APPENDICES GLOSSARY INDEX

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

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Chapter 1

PERSONAL PROTECTION IN THE WORKPLACE

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Chapter 1 Contents
page INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 GENERAL PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Recognition of hazards ... .. .. .. .. ... ............. .. 9 Hazard evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Exposure Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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Control of hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 STEPS IN A PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 SELECTION OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT . . . . 17 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 User acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

TRAINING AND EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 RESPONSIBILITY AND LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Underlying principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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INTRODUCTION
This Handbook is structured for easy use with two general chapters dealing with control principles and various hazards followed by separate chapters covering protection of affected organs and parts of the body. The Handbook is based on a range of information contained in Australian Standards and other documents which, in general, reflect the state of the art in personal protection in Australian public and private industries. General and specific information on the rationale for using various items of personal protective equipment and protective clothing, together with significant aspects of their selection, use, fit and comfort, care and maintenance, and appropriate instruction and training strategies. Appendices at the end of this book provide details of references, further reading and a listing of useful government agencies in Australia. A Glossary of Terms as well as an Index is also included.

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES
The principal objectives for healthy and safe working are to prevent personal and property damage, and to promote the health, safety and well-being of persons in the workplace (see AS 1470). Personal protective equipment should be provided and worn where hazards from harmful substances or harmful processes cannot otherwise be prevented or suitably controlled, e.g. by engineering or administration controls, total enclosure, substitution, removal; complete protection is essential because of the nature of the hazard (or set of hazards) and uncertainty about the level of danger involved; or legislation requires it.

Recognition of hazards
Hazards in the workplace must first be recognized or anticipated in order to be controlled (Peterson, 1973). Such recognition generally requires detailed knowledge of the following: Work processes. Materials present, their physical form and properties. Intermediates or products formed. Control measures currently in place, e.g. to minimize the release of airborne substances into the workplace atmosphere, or reduce emission of non-ionizing radiation. Degree of exposure, or anticipated exposure.

COPYRIGHT

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HB 9-1994, Occupational personal protection

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