NCERT Sanskrit Ruchira Class VI

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r`rh;% ikB%
prqFkZ% ikB%
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"k"B% ikB%
lIre% ikB%
v"Ve% ikB%
uoe% ikB%
n'ke% ikB%
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=k;ksn'k% ikB%
prqnZ'k% ikB%
ipn'k% ikB%
iqjksoko~Q
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vdkjkUr&iqfYy%
vkdkjkUr&L=khfYk%
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfYk%
loZuke&iz;ksx%
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`V~ydkj% p
vga uekfe (i|ikB%)
leqnzrV% (r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%)
vLekoaQ fo|ky;% (ipeh&"k"Bh&foHkfDr%)
m|kufogkj% (lIreh&foHkfDr%] la[;kokfpinkfu p)
uhfr'yksdk% (foHkfDriqujko`fk%)
cdL; izrhdkj% (vO;;iz;ksx%)
lkse'keZfirq% dFkk
lqHkkf"krkfu
;equk fo"kjfgrk tkrk
ekrqypUnz!! (ckyxhre~)
ifjf'k"Ve~
dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%] 'kCn:ikf.k] /krq:ikf.k p
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1
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64
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izFke% ikB%
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(nks) i<+rs gaS@i<+rh gSa
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/kor%
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(vusd) eksj
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2- (d) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk&
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u~ $ v $ j~ $ v%
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ckydk%
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Nk=k%
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v'ok%
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vdkjkUr&iqfYy%
([k) o.kZl;
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;Fkk& n~ $ $ 'k~ $ ;~ $ v $ e~
o~ $ vk $ u~ $ v $ j~ $ v%
i~ $ v $ B~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ b
d~ $ m $ j~ $ o~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ b
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3- mnkgj.ka n`"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& fid%
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fidk%
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dkdkS
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dPNi%
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foMkyk%
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e`xkS
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4- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok laLrinkfu fy[kr&
----------------8
-----------------
----------------#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
5- fp=ka n`"V~ok mkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& ckyd% d djksfs r\
ckyd% iBfrA
v'okS d oqQ#r%\
----------------------------
Nk=kk% d oqQoZfUr\
----------------------------
vdkjkUr&iqfYy%
okujk% d oqQoZfUr\
----------------------------
e;wjkS d oqQ#r%\
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xt% d djksfr\
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6- inkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&
10
o`{k%
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7- etw"kkr% ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

u`R;fUr
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/kofr
(d) e;wjk% --------------A
([k) xtkS --------------A
(x) o`{kk% --------------A
pyr%
iQyfUr
[kknfr
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() okuj% --------------A
(p) v'o% --------------A
8- l%] rkS] rs bR;srHs ;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& v'o% /kofrA
&
l% /kofrA
(d) xtk% pyfUrA
&
-------------- pyfUrA
([k) Nk=kkS fy[kr%A
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(x) okujk% hMfUrA
&
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(?k) xk;d% xk;frA
&
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() o`{kkS iQyr%A
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;krO;e~&
(d) laLrs =khf.k fykfu HkofUr& iqfYya] L=khfya] uiqaldfypA
([k) laLrs =k;% iq#"kk% HkofUr& izFkeiq#"k%] e;eiq#"k%] mkeiq#"k'pA
(x) laLrs =khf.k opukfu HkofUr& ,dopua] f}opua] cgqopupA
vdkjkUr&iqfYy%
11
f}rh;% ikB%
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vkdkjkUr&L=khfYk%
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l% d djksfr\
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1- mPPkkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) ckyd%
f'k{kd%
uk;d%
xk;d%
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fiihfydk%
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2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk& f'kf{kdk
'k~ $ b $ o~Q $ "k~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk
okfVdk
f'k
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o`{kk%
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Hkzejk%
------------------------------------------------------
izKk
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fo|k
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([k) o.kZla;kstua Rok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

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3- fp=ka n`"V~ok laLr'kCna fy[kr&
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok okD;a iwj;r&

;Fkk& ckfydk iBfrA (ckfydk@ckfydk%)
(d) ----------------- xqtfrA (Hkzej%@Hkzejk%)
([k) ----------------- pyr%A (fiihfydk%@fiihfyosQ)
(x) ----------------- vfLrA (rwfydk@rwfyosQ)
(?k) ----------------- lfUrA (f}pfosQ@f}pfdk%)
() ----------------- pjfUrA (vtk%@vts)
18
5- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk&
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f}opue~
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yrk%
xhrk
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6- l%] lk] rs] rk%] rkS bR;ssrsH;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu
iwj;r&
;Fkk& yrk vfLrA
&
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(d) efgyk% glfUrA
&
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([k) lq/k onfrA
&
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(x) v'o% kkofrA
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(?k) ckydkS i';r%A
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() Hkzejk% xqtfUrA
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vkdkjkUr&L=khfYk%
19
7- etw"kkr% drZìna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

HkDrk%
vts
ckyd%
flagk%
f}pfdk
(d) --------------- pjr%A

([k) --------------- xtZfUrA
(x) --------------- uefUrA
(?k) --------------- glfrA
() --------------- pyfrA
8- etw"kkr% drZìnkuqlkja f;kina fpRok 'kwU;LFkkua iwj;r&
xk;r%
u`R;fr
fy[kfUr
i';fUr
fogjr%
(d) jek --------------------A

([k) pVosQ -----------------A
(x) ckfyosQ --------------A
(?k) Nk=kk% -----------------A
() tuk% ------------------A
20
r`rh;% ikB%
'kCnifjp;%
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vdkjkUr&uiql
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22
,rr~ fde~ vfLr\

,rr~ iQye~ vfLrA
,rs osQ Lr%\

,rs iQys Lr%A
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fde~ ,rs iq"is\

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fde~ ,rkfu iqLrdkfu\

u] ,rkfu eqoQq VkfuA
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfy%
23
,rkfu dkfu lfUr\

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v=k ckyk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\

v=k ckyk% hMfUrA
d ;kukfu pyfUr\
u] osQoya pkf.k pyfUrA
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fde~ v=k oh.kk% lfUr\

u] v=k ,dk ,o oh.kk vfLrA
24
,rs osQ Lr%\

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u] v=k dkj;kus Lr%A
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u] ,rr~ tyik=ke~A
,rs osQ\
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dkfu ,rkfu\
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fde~ ,rr~ foekue~\

u] ,"k% [kx%A
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vdkjkUr&uiqaldfy%
25
'kCnkFkkZ%
,rr~ (uiq-a )
iQye~ (uiq-a )
,rs (uiq-a )
,rkfu (uiq-a )
dkfu (uiq-a )
iq"is (uiq-a )
i.ksZ (uia-q )
eqoQq Vkfu (uia-q )
foekukfu (uia-q )
;kukfu (uia-q )
osQ (uia-q )
Lr% (uia-q )
N=ks (uia-q )
jsy;kukfu (uia-q )
dkj;kus (uia-q )
ok|e~ (uia-q )
tyik=ke~ (uia-q )
O;tus (uia-q )
,rkfu (uia-q )
[kx% (ia-q )
mRirfr
26
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(vusd) rkt@eqoQq V
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(nks) dkSu
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1- ekSf[kde~ mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
fp=ke~
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2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk&
O;tue~
&
o~ $ ;~ $ v $ t~ $ v $ u~ $ v $ e~
iqLrde~
&
-----------------------------------------------------------------
fo}ku~
&
-----------------------------------------------------------------
fpe~
&
-----------------------------------------------------------------
vkkn%
&
-----------------------------------------------------------------
vkkue~
&
-----------------------------------------------------------------
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfy%
27
([k) o.kZl;
a kstua Rok dks"BosQ ina fy[kr&
;Fkk& i~ $ j~ $ v $ g~ $ y~ $ vk $ n $ v%
(d) v $ i~ $ v $ j~ $ vk $ g~ $ .k~ $ v%
([k) n~ $ o~ $ vk $ n~ $ v $ 'k~ $ v%
(x) n~ $ o~ $ vk $ j~ $ v $ e~
(?k) o~ $ b $ 'k~ $ o~ $ vk $ l~ $ v%
izkn%
() i~ $ j~ $ v $ r~ $ ;~ $ v $ d~ $ "k~ $ v $ e~
3- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok rs"kka laLrinkfu fy[kr&
--------------------
-------------------28
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
4- fp=ka n`"V~ok mkja fy[kr&

;Fkk&
dkdk% d oqQoZfUr\
dkdk% mRirfUrA
v'ok% d oqQoZfUr\
-----------------------------
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfy%
29
ckyk% d oqQoZfUr\
-----------------------------
e;wjkS d oqQ#r%A
-----------------------------
dkfu irfUr\
-----------------------------
ckys d oqQ#r%\
----------------------------30
5- funs'Z kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

;Fkk& ,rr~ irfrA
(cgqopus)
&
,rkfu irfUrA
(d) ,rr~ iQye~A
(cgqopus)
&
------------------------------
([k) ,rs O;tusA
(,dopus)
&
------------------------------
(x) ,rkfu ;kukfuA
(f}opus)s
&
------------------------------
(?k) Hkzej% xqtfrA
(cgqopus)
&
------------------------------
() e;wj% u`R;frA
(f}opus)
&
------------------------------
6- mfprinkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

dksfdys
fodlfr
iou%
u`R;fUr
iq"ie~
mRirfr
[kx%
ogfr
e;wjk%
xtZfUr
lgk%
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vdkjkUr&uiqaldfy%
31
prqFkZ% ikB%
loZuke&iz;ksx%
,"k% fo|ky;%A
v=k Nk=kk%] f'k{kdk%]
f'kf{kdk% p lfUrA
,"kk l. kd;U=k&iz;ksx'kkyk vfLrA

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,rr~ vLekoaQ fo|ky;L;

m|kue~ vfLrA
m|kus iq"ikf.k lfUrA
o;e~ v=k hMke% iBke% pA
pk &
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Nk=kk% &
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ee uke pkA Roa oqQ=k iBfl\
vge~ v=k ,o iBkfeA
vge~ vfi v=k ,o iBkfeA
bnkuhe~ vkoka fe=ks Lo%A
Nk=kk%! ;w;a d oqQq #Fk\

vkpk;s!Z o;a xPNke%A
;w;a oqQ=k xPNFk\
o;a lHkkxkja xPNke%A
;q"ekoaQ iqLrdkfu oqQ=k lfUr\
vLekoaQ iqLrdkfu v=k lfUrA
f'k{kd%
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Nk=kkS! ;qoka d oqQ#Fk%\

vkpk;Z! vkoka 'yksoQa xk;ko%A
'kksHkue~] d ;qoka 'yksoQa u fy[kFk%\
vkoka fy[kko%] iBko%] xk;ko%]
fp=kkf.k vfi jp;ko%A
f'k{kd% & cgq'kksHkue~A
loZuke&iz;ksx%
&
&
&
&
33
'kCnkFkkZ%
l. kd;U=kkf.k
vLekde~
o;e~ (loZuke)
ro
ee
Roe~ (loZuke)
vge~ (loZuke)
,o (vO;;)
vfi (vO;;)
bnkuhe~ (vO;;)
vkoke~ (loZuke)
fe=ks (uiq-a )
Lo%
;w;e~ (loZuke)
vkpk;s!Z
;q"ekde~
oqQ=k
lHkkxkje~
;qoke~ (loZuke)
vkpk;Z!
'kksHkue~
xk;ko%
jp;ko%
34
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
(vusd) dEI;wVj
gekjk@ge yksxksa dk
ge lc
rsjk
esjk
rqe
eSa
gh
Hkh
vc@bl le;
ge nksuksa
(nks) fe=k
(ge nksuks)a gSa
rqe lc
f'kf{kdk (lEcks/u)
rqEgkjk@rqe yksxksa dk
dgk
lHkkxkj dks
rqe nksuksa
xq#@f'k{kd (lEcks/u)
vPNk
(ge nks) xkrs gS@a xkrh gSa
(ge nks) cukrs gS@a cukrh gSa
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
vge~
vkoke~
o;e~
eke~
vkoke~
vLeku~
ee
vko;ks%
vLekde~
Roe~
;qoke~
;w;e~
Roke~
;qoke~
;q"eku~
ro
;qo;ks%
;q"ekde~
2- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga iBkfeA
&
(cgqopus)
&
o;a iBke%A
(d) vga u`R;kfeA
&
(cgqopus)
&
--------------------------------
([k) Roa iBflA
&
(cgqopus)
&
--------------------------------
(x) ;qoka hMFk%A
&
(,dopus)
&
--------------------------------
(?k) vkoka xPNko%A
&
(cgqopus)
&
--------------------------------
() vLekda iqLrdkfuA &
(,dopus)
&
--------------------------------
(p) ro x`ge~A
(f}opus)
&
--------------------------------
loZuke&iz;ksx%
&
35
3- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) -------------------- iBkfeA (o;e~@vge~)
([k) -------------------- xPNFk%A (;qoke~@;w;e~)
(x) ,rr~ -------------------- iqLrde~A (eke~@ee)
(?k) -------------------- hMudkfuA (;q"eku~@;q"ekde~)
() -------------------- Nk=ks Lo%A (o;e~@vkoke~)
(p) ,"kk -------------------- ys[kuhA (ro@Roke~)
4- f;kinS% okD;kfu iwj;r&
iBfl
/koke%
xPNko%
hMFk%
fy[kkfe
i';Fk
;Fkk& vga iBkfeA

(d) Roa --------------------([k) vkoka ----------------(x) ;w;a -------------------(?k) vgaa ------------------() ;qoka ------------------(p) o;a -------------------36
5- mfprinS% okD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

ee
ro
vko;ks%
;qo;ks%
vLekde~
;q"ekde~
;Fkk& ,"kk ee iqfLrdkA

(d) ,rr~ ------------------------ x`ge~A
([k) ------------------------ eS=kh n`<kA
(x) ,"k% ------------------------ fo|ky;%A
(?k) ,"kk ------------------------ v;kfidkA
() Hkkjre~ ------------------------ ns'k%A
(p) ,rkfu ------------------------ iqLrdkfuA
6- ,dopuinL; cgqopuina] cgqopuinL; ,dopuina p fy[kr&
;Fkk& ,"k%
,rs
(d) l%
------------
([k) rk%
------------
(x) ,rk%
------------
(?k) Roe~
------------
() vLekde~
------------
(p) ro
------------
(N) ,rkfu
------------
loZuke&iz;ksx%
37
7- okrkZykis fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! Roa d djksf"k\
'koqQUryk & fiz;oa ns! ------------------ u`R;kfe] ------------------ d djksf"k\
fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! ------------------ xk;kfeA d ------------------ u xk;fl\
'koqQUryk & fiz;oa ns! ------------------ u xk;kfeA ------------------ rq u`R;kfeA
fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! d ------------------ ekrk u`R;frA
'koqQUryk & vke~] ------------------ ekrk vfi u`R;frA
fiz;o
a nk & lk/q] ------------------ pyko%A
8- mi;qDrsu vFksuZ lg ;kst;r&
38
'kCn%
vFkZ%
lk
rqe nksuksa dk
rkfu
rqe lc
vLekde~
esjk
;w;e~
og (L=khfy)
vkoke~
rqEgkjk
ee
os (uiql
a dfy)
;qo;ks%
ge nksuksa
ro
gekjk
ipe% ikB%
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`Vy
~ dkj% p
vfHkuo%
ef.kdk
vfHkuo%
izHkkr%
ef.kdk
vfHkuo%
&
&
&
&
&
&
ef.kosQ! izHkkr! ;qoka oqQ=k xPNFk%\

vfHkuo! vkoka tUrq'kkyka xPNko%A
r=k ;qoka d d nz{;Fk%\
r=k vkoke~ vusdku~ i'kwu~ nz{;ko%A
d r=k lgk%] HkYywdk%] gfj.kk% lfUr\
vke~] r=k okujk%] xtk%] x.Mdk%] edjk%] O;k?kzk% vfi lfUrA
r=k ;qoka 'k'kdku~] 'kYydha] ukukfokku~ [kxku~ vfi nz{;Fk%A
izHkkr% & vfHkuo! d tUrq'kkyk;ka likZ% vfi Hkfo";fUr\

vfHkuo% & izHkkr! r=k ukxk%] vtxjk%] ".klikZ%] vU;s p fofo/k% likZ%
Hkfo";fUrA
ef.kdk & izHkkr! bnkuhe~ vkoka tUrq'kkyka xfe";ko%A
(mHkkS tUrq'kkyka izfo'kr%] fofo/ku~ tUrwu]~ [kxku~ p i';r%A)
ef.kdk & izHkkr! vkoke~ bnkuha JkUrkS] v/quk foJkea dfj";ko%A
izHkkr% & ef.kosQ! v=k vYikgkjx`ge~ vfi Hkfo";frA r=k xPNko%A
(mHkkS vYikgkjx`ga xPNr%)
ef.kdk & izHkkr! v=k fe"Vkkfu] 'khryis;kfu p lfUrA
izHkkr%
& 'kksHkue~] v/quk vkoka fe"Vkkfu [kkfn";ko%] 'khryis;kfu p

ikL;ko%A rr% x`ga pfy";ko%A
'kCnkFkkZ%
nz{;Fk%
lg%
HkYywd%
gfj.k%
40
&
&
&
&
(rqe nksuks)a ns[kksx@s ns[kksxh

'ksj
Hkkyw
fgj.k
xtk%
x.Mdk%
edjk%
O;k?kzk%
'k'kdku~
'kYydhe~
ukukfo/ku~ [kxku~
likZ%
ukxk%
vtxjk%
".klikZ%
izfo'kr%
JkUrkS
r=k (vO;;)
vkquk
fe"Vkkfu
'khryis;kfu
rr% (vO;;)
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
(vusd) gkFkh
(vusd) xs.Mk
(vusd) exjePN
(vusd) ck?k
[kjxks'kksa dks
lkgh dks
vusd izdkj osQ if{k;ksa dks
(vusd) lki
(vusd) ukx
(vusd) vtxj
(vusd) dkys lki
(os nksuks)a izo's k djrs gS@a djrh gSa
(nks) FkosQ gq,
ogk
vc
feBkb;k
'khryis;
mlosQ ckn
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) ckyde~
jkee~
Nk=kk
ekyk
iq"ie~
O;tue~
ckydkS
jkekS
Nk=ks
ekys
iq"is
O;tus
ckydku~
jkeku~
Nk=kk%
ekyk%
iq"ikf.k
O;tukfu
41
([k)
[kkfn";fr
ysf[k";fl
dfj";kfe
uaL;fr
ikL;fl
xfe";kfe
[kkfn";r%
ysf[k";Fk%
dfj";ko%
uaL;r%
ikL;Fk%
xfe";ko%
[kkfn";fUr
ysf[k";Fk
dfj";ke%
uaL;fUr
ikL;Fk
xfe";ke%
2- dks"BosQ"kq iznk'kCns"kq mi;qDrfoHkfDar ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& vga jksfVdka [kkfn";kfeA (jksfVdk)
(d) Roa ----------------- ficflA (nqX/)
([k) Nk=k% ----------------- nz{;frA (nwjn'kZu)
(x) rk% ----------------- ysf[k";fUrA (dFkk)
(?k) o;a ----------------- xk;ke%A (dfork)
() "kdk% ----------------- oifUrA (cht)
(p) lk ----------------- xfe";frA (iqLrdky;)
3- fp=kkf.k vk/`R; okD;kfu iwj;r&
tuk% ----------------- uefUrA
42
ckfyosQ ----------------- /kj;r%A
,"kk ----------------- vfLrA
e`xk% ----------------- pjfUrA
ckydk% ----------------- [kknfUrA
4- v/ksfyf[krku~ 'kCnku~ vk/`R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&

vtk%
f'kf{kdka
uaL;r%
o;a
ys[ka
jp;ke%
ckydkS
r`.ka
ifB";ko%
vkoka
dFkka
pfj";fUr
ROka
iqLroaQ
dFkf;";fl
jke%
fp=ka
ysf[k";fr
43
;Fkk& vtk%
(d) --------------------
r`.ka
--------------------
pfj";fUrA
--------------------
([k) -------------------(x) --------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
(?k) -------------------() --------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
5- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,dopue~
;Fkk& dforke~
-----------------------
f}opue~
cgqopue~
dfors
dfork%
------------
iqLrosQ
------------
e;wjku~
------------
------------
"kde~
------------
------------
ine~
------------
r`.kkfu
------------
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

iq#"k%
;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
44
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
ifB";fr
ifB";r%
----------------
ifB";fURk
----------------
----------------
[kkfn";ke%
[kkfn";fl
----------------
izFkeiq#"k%
-----------------------
e;eiq#"k%
-----------------------
ysf[k";r%
-----------------------
mkeiq#"k%
xfe";kfe
-----------------------
----------------------uaL;Fk
-----------------------
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk& Nk=k% dFkka ifB";frA Nk=kkS dFks ifB";r%A Nk=kk% dFkk% ifB";fUrA
(d) Roa ys[ka ysf[k";flA ------------------------------A ------------------------------A
([k) ------------------------------A ckys oL=ks /kjf;";r%A ------------------------------A
(x) ------------------------------A ------------------------------A ekykdkjk% ekyk% jpf;";fUrA
(?k) vga iqLroaQ ifB";kfeA ------------------------------A ------------------------------A
() ------------------------------A ------------------------------A ckydk% iQykfu [kkfn";fUrA
8- laokns fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& jek & yrs! d Roa fo|ky;a xfe";fl\
yrk & jes! vga ------------------------- u ------------------------A vga rq nsoky;a
----------------------A
jek & yrs! d Roa izfrfnua nsoky;a ----------------------\
yrk & vke~! vga --------------------- nsoky;a -------------------A r=k vga izlkna
----------------------A Roa dnk nsoky;a ----------------------\
jek & vga izfrfnua lk;a nsoky;a ----------------------A izkr% rq fo|ky;a
----------------------A r=k iqLrdkfu ----------------------A
45
"k"B% ikB%
vga uekfe
vga uekfe ekrje~
xq#a uekfe lknje~ AA1AA
Lo;a iBkfe loZnk
fiz;a onkfe loZnk AA2AA
fgra djksfe loZnk
'kqHka djksfe loZnk AA3AA
gfja uekfe lknje~
xq#a uekfe lknje~ AA4AA
pykfe uhfr&lRiFks
gjkfe ekr`Hkw&O;Fkke~ AA5AA
n/kfe lk/qrkozre~
l`tkfe dhfrZlRdFkke~ AA6AA
izHkqa tikfe lknje~
vga uekfe ekrje~ AA7AA
bPNkjke f}osnh îz.ko%*
'kCnkFkkZ%
lknje~
uhfrlRiFks
ekr`Hkw&O;Fkke~
lk/qrkozre~
gjkfe
n/kfe
l`tkfe
dhfrZlRdFkke~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
vknj osQ lkFk

uhfr osQ lPps jkLrs ij
ekr`Hkwfe dh O;Fkk dks
lTturk osQ ozr dks
gj.k djrk gw@ djrh gw] nwj djrk gw@ djrh gw
/kj.k djrk gw@ djrh gw
jpuk djrk gw@ djrh gw
;'k dh lPph dgkuh dks
vH;kl%
1- ,rka dforka lLoja xk;rA
2- dfork;k% fuEufyf[krklq if"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ---------------------- iBkfe loZnkA
([k) fgra ---------------------- loZnkA
(x) pykfe uhfr ----------------------A
(?k) n/kfe ---------------------- ozre~A
() izHkqa ---------------------- lknje~A
vga uekfe
47
3- ,d'kCnsu mkja fy[kr&

(d) vga oaQ uekfe\
([k) vga izHkqa dFka tikfe\
(x) vga d gjkfe\
(?k) vga d ozra n/kfe\
() vga d l`tkfe\
4- ,rS% f;kinS% okD;kfu jp;r&
uekfe
pykfe
iBkfe
tikfe
l`tkfe
djksfe
5- LodYiuka ROkk okD;kfu jp;r&

;Fkk& vga
fp=ka
l`tkfeA
(d) o;a
-------------------
------------------- A
([k) -------------------
-------------------
onkfeA
(x) vga
-------------------
------------------- A
(?k) -------------------
-------------------
pyke%A
() Roa
-------------------
------------------- A
48
6- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) Roa fuR;a dka uefl\
([k) Roa Lo;a d d djksf"k\
(x) Roa dL;k% O;Fkka gfj";fl\
(?k) Roa d ozra /kj;fl\
() Roa d l`tfl\
7- etw"kkr% leqfprina x`ghRok okD;a iwj;r&
;w;e~
ckydkS
Roe~
o;e~
ckfydk%
(d) -------------------------- ikia gjflA

([k) -------------------------- x`gkdk; oqQ#r%A
(x) -------------------------- fp=kkf.k l`tFkA
(?k) -------------------------- jk"Vxhra xk;ke%A
() -------------------------- nsoha uefUrA
;krO;e~&
f'k{kosQu lLojxkuk; iz;kl% dj.kh;%A
vga uekfe
49
lIre% ikB%
leqnrz V%
r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%
,"k% leqnrz V% vfLrA iz.ko% v=k fe=kS% lg hMfrA l% ckyqdkfHk% x`ga

jp;frA ckydk% dUnqoQs u hMfUrA rs iknsu dUnqda f{kifUrA osQpu rj%S lg
hMfUrA vijs rj%S lkoaQ leqPNyfUrA v=k vusdk% ukSdk% vfi lfUrA
khojS% lg i;ZVdk% ukSdkfHk% leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUrA
osQpu tuk% izkr% leqnaz xPNfUrA r=k lkko%
equ;% p LukfUrA HkDrk% nsoky;a xPNfUrA r=k rs
nsoHs ;% nsohH;% p iq"ikf.k viZ;fUr izkFkZ;fUr p&
ueks nsoHs ;% losHZ ;%
ikyosQH;ks ueks ue%A
vf[kykH;% ifo=kkH;%
nsohH;'p ueks ue%AA
rr% ija iwtd% losHZ ;% izlkna ;PNfr] mifn'kfr p&

Jks=ka JqrsuSo u oqQ.Mysu
nkusu ikf.kuZ rq d. ksuA
foHkkfr dk;% d#.kkijk.kka
ijksidkjSuZ rq pUnusuAA
rr% tuk% f}pfd;k] ;kusu] iknkH;ka ok Lo Lo x`ga izfr xPNfUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
ckyqdkfHk%
jp;fr
iknsu
f{kifUr
osQpu (vO;;)
rj%S
vijs
lkde~ (vO;;)
leqPNyfUr
vusdk%
khojS%
i;ZVdk%
leqnzrV%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
jsrksa ls
cukrk gS@cukrh gS
(,d) iSj ls
isQa drs gS@a isQa drh gSa
oqQN
ygjksa ls
nwljs
lkFk
mNyrs gS@a mNyrh gSa
cgqr lh
eYykgksa osQ lkFk
(vusd) i;ZVd@lSykuh
51
LukfUr
viZ;fUr
vf[kykH;% ifo=kkH;%
nsohH;%
rr% ija
iwtd%
;PNfr
mifn'kfr
Jks=ke~
Jqrus o
S (Jqrus $,o)
ikf.k%
d.ksu
foHkkfr
dk;%
d#.kkijk.kke~
ijksidkjS% (ij$midkjS%)
f}pfd;k
iknkH;ke~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
ugkrs gS@a ugkrh gSa

p<+krs gS@a p<krh gSa
leLr ifo=k
nsfo;ksa dks
mlosQ ckn
iwtkjh
nsrk gS@nsrh gS
mins'k nsrk gS@nsrh gS
dku
lquus ls gh@'kkL=kksa dks lquus ls
gkFk
oaQxu ls
'kksHkk ikrk gS@ikrh gS
'kjhj
n;k ls Hkjs gq, dk@Hkjh gqbZ dh
nwljksa osQ midkjksa ls
lkbfdy ls
nksuksa iSjksa ls
vH;kl%
1- ekSf[kde~ mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) nsok;
bZ'ojk;
ckyk;
iQyk;
52
nsokH;ke~~
bZ'ojkH;ke~
ckykH;ke~
iQykH;ke~
nsoHs ;%
bZ'ojsH;%
ckysH;%
iQysH;%
([k) ukSd;k
f}pfd;k
pVd;k
ckyqd;k
(x) iknsu
deysu
nsous
iq"is.k
ukSdkH;ke~
f}pfdkH;ke~
pVdkH;ke~
ckyqdkH;ke~
iknkH;ke~
deykH;ke~
nsokH;ke~
iq"ikH;ke~
ukSdkfHk%
f}pfdkfHk%
pVdkfHk%
ckyqdkfHk%
iknS%
deyS%
nso%S
iq"iS%
(?k) f'kf{kdk;S
yrk;S
ekyk;S
ukSdk;S
f'kf{kdkH;ke~
yrkH;ke~
ekykH;ke~~
ukSdkH;ke~
f'kf{kdkH;%
yrkH;%
ekykH;%
ukSdkH;%
2- ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
nhid%
iks"k.kk;
hMude~
nkuk;
/ue~
izdk'kk;
ijksidkj%
[ksyuk;
nqX/e~
iq.;k;
3- prqFkhZ&foHkfDriz;ksx.s k okD;kfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& ijksidkj% iq.;k; HkofrA (iq.;)
(d) -------------------- ue%A (f'k{kd)
([k) lqj's k% -------------------- iqLrda ;PNfrA (fe=k)
leqnzrV%
53
(x) lTtuk% -------------------- thofUrA (ijksidkj)

(?k) ekrk -------------------- va nnkfrA (fHk{kqd)
() ijihMue~ -------------------- HkofrA (iki)
4- r`rh;k&foHkfDriz;ksx.s k okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ih;w"k% fe=ks.k lg xPNfrA (fe=k)
(d) ckfydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckyd)
([k) rMkx% -------------------- foHkkfrA (dey)
(x) vgefi -------------------- [ksykfeA (dUnqd)
(?k) v'ok% -------------------- lg kkofUrA (v'o)
() e`xk% -------------------- lg pjfUrA (e`x)
5- mkjs"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ckydk% osQu dUnqda f{kifUr\
mkje~ & ckydk% -------------------- dUnqoQa f{kifUrA
([k) vijs oSQ% lkoaQ leqPNyfUr\
mkje~ & vijs -------------------- lkoaQ leqPNyfUrA
(x) i;ZVdk% dkfHk% leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUr\
mkje~ & i;ZVdk% -------------------- leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUrA
54
(?k) dLeS ue%\

mkje~ & -------------------- ue%A
() HkDrk% osQH;% iq"ikf.k viZ;fUr\
mkje~ & HkDrk% -------------------- iq"ikf.k viZ;fUrA
(p) dkH;% ueks ue%\
mkje~ & -------------------- ueks ue%A
6- dks"Bdkr~ mfpriniz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) lhrk ------------------ lg oua xPNfrA (jke%@jkes.k)
([k) /fud% ------------------ /ua nnkfrA (fu/Zue~@fu/Zuk;)
(x) cky% ------------------ lg fo|ky;a xPNfr (tuosQu@tudk;)
(?k) vga ------------------ hMk{ks=ka xPNkfeA (f}pfdk;k%@f}pfd;k)
() iz/kukpk;Z% ------------------ ikfjrksf"koaQ nnkfrA (Nk=kk.kke~@Nk=ksH;%)
7- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk&
leqnzrV%
nsoHs ;%
&
(L=khfys)
Nk=kk;S
&
(iqf Yys)
nsohH;%
--------------------
rjs.k
&
(cgqopus)s
--------------------
bZ'ojsH;%
&
(,dopus)s
--------------------
dUnqoQs u
&
(f}opus)s
--------------------
uk;osQH;%
&
(L=khfys)
-------------------55
;krO;e~&
'kjhjkk uka ifjp;%

yykVe~
us=ke~
d.kZ%
ukfldk
v/j%
LdU/%
osQ'k%
Hkzw%
duhfudk
diksy%
d.B%
o{k%LFkye~
mnje~
gLr%
ukfHk%
u[k%
#%
v
qy
~x
tkuq%
xqYiQ%
pj.k%
56
v"Ve% ikB%
ipeh&"k"Bh&foHkfDr%
vLekoaQ fo|ky;%
vLekoaQ fo|ky;% xzkeL; lehis vfLrA izkr% Nk=kk% ee xzkekr~ fo|ky;e~

vkxPNfUrA vU;sH;% xzkesH;% vfi Nk=kk% v=k iBuk; lekxPNfUrA fo|ky;L;
izkFkZuk&lHkk vrho euksjek vfLrA izkFkZuklHkk;k% vuUrja ckydk% ckfydk% p
fo|ky;%
Lo&Lo&d{kka xPNfUrA rs f'k{kosQH;% fofo/fo"k;ku~ iBfUrA fo|ky;L;

iqLrdky;kr~ Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA r=k rs lekpkji=kkf.k vfi iBfUrA
iqLrdkuke~ v;;usu KkuL; fodkl% HkofrA
fo|ky;L; iqjr% ,de~ m|kue~ vfLrA m|kuL; 'kksHkk vrho je.kh;kA
v=k iq"ik.kka cgo% izdkjk% lfUrA rs"kke~ mifj Hkzejk% xqtfUrA rs iq"ik.kka jla
ficfUrA r=k [kxkuka dyowQtue~ vfrlq[kna HkofrA
fo|ky;L; hMk{ks=ke~ vfrfo'kkye~ vfLrA v=k Nk=kk% u osQoya hMkdkyka'ks

vfi rq vodk'kkr~ ije~ vfi hMfUrA hMkf'k{kdkr~ rs hMkfuiq.krke~
vfkxPNfUrA vLekoaQ fo|ky;s v;;usu hMusu p Nk=kk.kka 'kkjhfjd%
ekufld% p fodkl% HkofrA
fo|;k fou;su p lEik% LoLFkk% Nk=kk% ,o lektL; ns'kL; p lsoka
oqQq oZfUrA mDrp&
fo|k nnkfr fou;a fou;k|kfr ik=krke~ A
ik=kRokn~ /uekIuksfr /ukn~ /e rr% lq[ke~ AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vU;sH;% xzkesH;%
lekxPNfUr
vrho
euksjek (L=kh-)
Lo&Lo&d{kke~
58
&
&
&
&
&
nwljs xkoksa ls
vkrs gS@a vkrh gSa
vR;Ur
lqUnj
viuh viuh d{kkvksa dks (es)a
fofo/fo"k;ku~
vku;fUr
iqjr% (vO;;)
je.kh;k (L=kh-)
mifj (vO;;)
Hkzejk%
xqtfUr
[kxkuke~
dyowQtue~
lq[kne~
vf/xPNfUr
lEiUuk%
nnkfr
ik=kRokr~
vkIuksfr
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
rjg rjg osQ fo"k;ksa dks

ykrs gS@a ykrh gSa
lkeus
lqUnj
mQij
HkkSja s
xwt
rs gS@a xt
w rh gSa
fpfM+;ks@a dk@osQ@dh
pgpgkuk@e/qjofu
lq[k nsus okyk
izkIr djrs gS@a izkIr djrh gSa
;qDr
nsrk gS@nsrh gS
;ksX;rk ls
izkIr djrk gS@izkIr djrh gS
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQq #r&
eksndkr~
ekyk;k%
fp=kkr~
'kqdL;
yrk;k%
fp=kL;
vLekda fo|ky;%
eksndkH;ke~
ekykH;ke~
fp=kkH;ke~
'kqd;ks%
yr;ks%
fp=k;ks%
eksnosQH;%
ekykH;%
fp=ksH;%
'kqdkuke~
yrkuke~
fp=kk.kke~
59
2- js[kkfrkfu inkfu cgqopus ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk& Nk=kk% xzkekr~ vkxPNfUrA
Nk=kk% xzkesH;% vkxPNfUrA
(d) tuk% vki.kkr~ hMudkfu h.kfUrA
tuk% --------------------------- hMudkfu h.kfUrA
([k) ckydk% iqLrdky;kr~ iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA
ckydk% --------------------------- iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA
(x) if=kdk;k% fp=kkf.k i';rA
--------------------------- fp=kkf.k i';rA
(?k) 'kk[kk;k% i=kkf.k vku;A
--------------------------- i=kkf.k vku;A
() yrk;k% iq"ikf.k fpuqrA
--------------------------- iq"ikf.k fpuqrA
(p) o`{kkr~ i=kkf.k irfUrA
--------------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA
60
3- js[kkfrkfu inkfu ,dopus ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk&
oukuka n`';e~
ouL; n`';e~
(d) m|kukuka 'kksHkkA
(?k) dksfdykuka Loj%A
-------------- 'kksHkkA
-------------- Loj%A
([k) fp=kk.kka o.kZ%A
() flagkuka funzkA
-------------- o.kZ%A
-------------- funzkA
(x) ckfydkuke~ vkHkw"k.ke~A
(p) es?kkuka xtZue~A
-------------- vkHkw"k.ke~A
-------------- xtZue~A
4- v/ksfyf[kra fp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k dks"BdxrS% 'kCnS% okD;kfu

jp;r&
8
izHkq%
7
fe=ke~
6
uì%
1
tud%
lqxzho foHkh"k.k
yo
v;ks;k
jke%
n'kjFk
jko.k
5
'k=kq%
Hkjr
4
vxzt%
vLekda fo|ky;%
lhrk
2
iq=k%
3
ifr%
61
;Fkk& (1) jke% (yo) yoL; tud%A

(2) jke% (n'kjFk) ------------------------ iq=k%A
(3) jke% -----------------------------------------------(4) -------------------------------------------------------(5) -------------------------------------------------------(6) -------------------------------------------------------(7) -------------------------------------------------------(8) -------------------------------------------------------5- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok dks"Bdxr'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&
eRL;k% -------------------- cfg%

vkxPNfUrA (rMkx)
uì% -------------------- irfrA (v'o)
liZ% -------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fcy)
-------------------- tya irfrA (es?k)
62
-------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)
6- mi;qDr'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ckydk% -------------------- x`ge~ vkxPNfUrA (fo|ky;kr~@fo|ky;su)
([k) ';ke% -------------------- nqXke~ vku;frA (x`g.s k@x`gkr~)A
(x) unh -------------------- izHkofrA (ioZrkr~@ioZrus )A
(?k) ekrk -------------------- tye~ vku;frA (owQisu@owQikr~)A
() ujs'k% -------------------- oLrwfu h.kkfr (vki.ksu@vki.kkr~)A
7- xksiky% d d oLrq oqQr% vku;fr bfr fy[kr&
iqLrdky;kr~
xzkekr~
ekykdkjkr~
dks"kkr~
vki.kkr~
(d) -------------------- iQykfu vku;frA

([k) -------------------- iqLrdkfu vku;frA
(x) -------------------- /ue~ vku;frA
(?k) -------------------- nqX/e~ vku;frA
() -------------------- iq"ikf.k vku;frA
vLekda fo|ky;%
63
uoe% ikB%
m|kufogkj%
lIreh&foHkfDr%] la[;kokfpinkfu p
,rr~ fde~\
,rr~ euksjee~ m|kue~ vfLrA
vfLeu~ m|kus osQ osQ fopjfUr\
vfLeu~ m|kus e`x%] okuj%] e;wj%]
dkd% bR;kn;% fopjfUrA
v=k ,o ckydk%] o`k%] efgyk% p HkzefUrA
,d% f'k'kq% okuja i';frA
}kS ckydkS e`xa i';r%A
=k;% o`k% o`{ks dksfdyL;
uhMe~ voyksd;fUrA
pRokj% e;wjk% osQdka oqQoZfUrA pr% efgyk% fidL; owQtue~ vkd.kZ;fUrA
o`{ks"kq cgwfu iQykfu lfUrA rs"kq ,dfLeu~
o`{ks pRokfj iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA dkd%
,oaQ iDoa iQya [kknfrA ,dk ckfydk m|kukr~
iq"ikf.k u;frA r=kSo }s ckfyosQ }s iQys
[kknr%A
m|kus ,d% tyiw.kZ% tyk'k;% vfi vfLrA
v=k =khf.k deykfu] fr% oqQeqfnU;% p fodflrkfu lfUrA r=k pRokj% e`xk%
tya ficfUr] ip ehuk% tyL; mifj rjfUr] "kV~ dPNik% tys brLrr%
HkzefUrA ljksojL; rVs lIr f'k'ko% [ksyfUr] v"VkS tuk% /kofUr] uo okujk%
r=k ,o owQnZfUrA
tyk'k;L; lehis ,d% f'koky;% vfLrA
f'koky;s }kn'k LrEHkk% lfUrA v=k fHkfkdk;ka
"kksM'k nsoizfrek% p fufeZrk% lfUrA vL; ifjljs
v"Vkn'k v'kksdo`{kk% lfUrA ,dkn'k oVo%
osnikBa oqQoZfUrA foa'kfr% HkDrk% f'koe~ vpZ;fUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
euksjee~
bR;kn;% (bfr $ vkn;%)
o`k%
efgyk%
m|kufogkj%
&
&
&
&
lqUnj
bR;kfn
cw<s+
efgyk,
65
uhMe~
voyksd;fUr
osQdke~
fidL;
owQtue~
vkd.kZ;fUr
iDokfu
tyiw.kZ%
oqQeqfnU;%
ehuk%
mifj (vO;;)
brLrr% (vO;;)
f'koky;%
LrEHkk%
fHkfkdk;ke~
nsoizfrek%
oVo%
vpZ;fUr
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
?kkal
s ys dks
ns[krs gS@a ns[krh gSa
eksj dh vkokt
dks;y dk@osQ@dh
owQd
lqurs gS@a lqurh gSa
iosQ gq,
ikuh ls Hkjk gqvk
oqQeqnfu;k
eNfy;k
mQij
b/j&m/j
f'koefUnj
[kEHks
nhokj ij
nsorkvksa dh ewfkZ;k
(vusd) czpkjh
iwtk djrs gS@a djrh gSa
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d)
,d%
}kS
=k;%
pRokj%
,dk
}s
fr%
pr%
,de~
}s
=khf.k
pRokfj
66
([k)
ip
v"VkS (v"V)
,dkn'k
prqn'Z k
lIrn'k
o'kfr%
"kV~
uo
}kn'k
ipn'k
v"Vkn'k
lIr
n'k
=k;ksn'k
"kksM'k
,dksuo'kfr% (uon'k)
f'k";s
tus
i=ks
iq"is
izHkk;ke~
fo|k;ke~
f'k";;ks%
tu;ks%
i=k;ks%
iq"i;ks%
izHk;ks%
fo|;ks%
f'k";s"kq
tus"kq
i=ks"kq
iq"is"kq
izHkklq
fo|klq
2- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk&
Nk=ks
ujs
---------------------------
m|kufogkj%
Nk=k;ks%
--------------
Nk=ks"kq
--------------
--------------
deys"kq
--------------
o`{k;ks%
--------------
i=ks
--------------
--------------
--------------
oh.k;ks%
-------------ukSdklq
-------------67
3- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok la[;ka fy[kr&
--------------- dUnqdkfuA
--------------- pVdk%A
j?kqoa'ke
--------------- e;wjkSA
--------------- iqLrde~A
--------------- Nk=ksA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka la[;k'kCnkuka laLrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& ukS
vkB
uo
-----------------
X;kjg
-----------------
mUuhl
-----------------
ikp
-----------------
vBkjg
-----------------
rsjg
-----------------
68
5- v/ksfyf[krk% la[;k% vkjksges.k fy[kr&

"kksM'k
lIrn'k
v"V
}kn'k
,dkn'k
v"Vkn'k
foa'kfr%
uo
6- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

iq"is"kq
xk;ke~
fo|ky;s o`{k;ks%
(d) o;a ------------------------- iBke%A
([k) tuk% ------------------------- HkzefUrA
(x) ------------------------- ukSdk% lfUrA
m|kus"kq
ckfyd;ks%
(?k) ------------------------- Hkzejk% xqtfUrA

() ------------------------- u`R;a je.kh;e~ vfLrA
(p) --------------------- iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA
7- dks"BosQ"kq nks"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ljksojs ehuk% lfUrA (ljksoj)
(d) ------------------------- dPNik% HkzefUrA (rMkx)
([k) ------------------------- lSfudk% lfUrA (f'kfoj)
(x) ;kukfu ------------------------- /kofUrA (jktekxZ)
(?k) ------------------------- jRukfu lfUrA (/jk)
() Nk=kk% ------------------------- iz;ksxa oqQoZfUrA (iz;ksx'kkyk)
m|kufogkj%
69
n'ke% ikB%
uhfr'yksdk%
foHkfDriqujko`fk%
m|esu fg fl;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A

ufg lqIrL; flagL; izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk% AA1AA
fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrk AA2AA
uefUr iQfyuks o`{kk% uefUr xqf.kuks tuk%A
'kq"do`{kk'p ew[kkZ'p u uefUr dnkpu AA3AA
vfHkoknu'khyL; fuR;a o`ksilsfou%A
pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~ AA4AA
dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus dkyks xPNfr /herke~A
O;lusu p ew[kkZ.kka funz;k dygsu ok AA5AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
m|esu
fl;fUr
euksjFkS%
&
&
&
ifjJe ls
iwjs gksrs gS@a gksrh gSa
bPNkvksa ls
lqIrL;
izfo'kfUr
e`xk%
fiz;okD;iznkusu
rq";fUr
oDrO;e~
iQfyu%
xqf.ku%
'kq"do`{kk'p
dnkpu
vfHkoknu'khyL;
o`ksilsfou%
o/ZUrs
;'k%
dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus
/herke~
dygsu
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
lks;s gq, dk@osQ@dh

izo's k djrs gS@a djrh gSa
vusd i'kq
e/qj okD; cksyus ls
lar"q V gksrs gS@a gksrh gSa
cksyuk pkfg,
iQyokys
xq.kokyss
vkSj lw[ks isM+
dHkh Hkh
iz.kke djus osQ LoHkko okys dk@osQ@dh
cM+kas dh lsok djus okyksa dk@osQ@dh
c<+rs gS@a c<+rh gSa
dhfkZ
dkO;'kkL=k osQ }kjk euksjtu ls
cqfekuksa dk@osQ@dh
>xM+s ls
vH;kl%
1- izFkea prqFk ipea 'yksdp lLoja xk;rA
2- 'yksoQs "kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) uefUr --------------------- o`{kk%] uefUr --------------------- tuk%A
---------------------------- ew[kkZ'p u uefUr ----------------------------AA
uhfr'yksdk%
71
([k) dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus --------------------- xPNfr ---------------------A

---------------------------- ew[kkZ.kka funz;k ---------------------------- ok AA
3- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d
[k
m|esu fg fl;fUr
losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
fiz;okD;iznkusu
opus dk nfjnzrkA
pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs
izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk%A
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a
dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A
ufg lqIrL; lgL;
vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~A
4- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& m|esu dk;kZf.k fl;fUrA
iQfyuks o`{kk% u uefUrA
vke~
u
(d) fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ u rq";fUrA

([k) /herka dky% dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus xPNfrA
(x) vfHkoknu'khyL; vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cya u o/ZUrsA
(?k) xqf.kuks tuk% uefUrA
() euksjFkS% dk;kZf.k u fl;fUrA
72
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foHkfDar opup fy[kr&

;Fkk& m|esu
r`rh;k
,dopue~
flagL;
---------------------
---------------------
e`xk%
---------------------
---------------------
fo|k
---------------------
---------------------
ew[kkZ.kke~
---------------------
---------------------
funz;k
---------------------
---------------------

(d) dk;kZf.k osQu fl;fUr\
([k) losZ tUro% osQu rq";fUr\
(x) dL; eq[ks e`xk% ufg izfo'kfUr\
(?k) osQ osQ uefUr\
() pRokfj dL; o/ZUrs\
(p) kherka dky% dFka xPNfr\
uhfr'yksdk%
73
,dkn'k% ikB%
cdL; izrhdkj%
vO;;iz;ksx%
,dfLeu~ ous 'k`xky% cd%

p fuolr% LeA r;ks%
fe=krk vklhr~A ,dnk izkr%
'k`xky% cde~ vonr~&
fe=k! 'o% Roa e;k lg
Hkkstua oqQ#A 'k`xkyL;
fueU=k.ksu cd% izlUu%
vHkor~A
vfxzes fnus l% Hkkstuk; 'k`xkyL; fuokla xPNfrA oqQfVyLoHkko% 'k`xky%
LFkkY;ka cdk; {khjksnua ;PNfrA
coaQ onfr p&fe=k! vfLeu~ ik=ks
vkoke~ v/quk lgSo [kknko%A
Hkkstudkys cdL; ppq% LFkkyhr%
Hkkstuxzg.ks leFkkZ u HkofrA vr%
cd% osQoya {khjksnua i';frA
'k`xky% rq lo {khjksnue~ vHk{k;r~A
'k`xkysu ofpr% cd% vfpUr;r~&;Fkk vusu e;k lg O;ogkj% r%
rFkk vge~ vfi rsu lg O;ogfj";kfeA ,oa fpUrf;Rok l% 'k`xkye~ vonr~&fe=k!
Roe~ vfi 'o% lk;a e;k lg Hkkstua dfj";flA cdL; fueU=k.ksu 'k`x` ky%
izlUu% vHkor~A ;nk 'k`x` ky% lk;a

cdL; fuokla Hkkstuk; xPNfr] rnk
cd% lh.kZeq[ks dy'ks {khjksnua
;PNfr] 'k`xkya p onfr&fe=k!
vkoke~ vfLeu~ ik=ks lgSo Hkkstua
oqQoZ%A cd% dy'kkr~ pPok
{khjksnua [kknfrA ijUrq 'k`xkyL; eq[ka
dy'ks u izfo'kfrA vr% cd% lo {khjksnua [kknfrA 'k`xky% p osQoye~ bZ";Z;k
i';frA
'k`x` ky% coaQ izfr ;kn`'ka O;ogkje~ vdjksr~ cd% vfi 'k`xkya izfr rkn`'ka
O;ogkja Rok izrhdkje~ vdjksrA~
mDrefi&
vkRenqO;ZogkjL; iQya Hkofr nq%[knEk~A
rLekr~ ln~O;ogrZO;a ekuosu lq[kSf"k.kkAA
'kCnkFkkZ%
'k`x` ky%
cd%
vklhr~
,dnk (vO;;)
vonr~
'o%
oqQ#
LFkkY;ke~
cdL; izrhdkj%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
fl;kj
cxqyk
Fkk@Fkh
,d ckj
cksyk
(vkus okyk) dy
djks
Fkkyh esa
75
{khjksnue~
;PNfr
lh.kZe[q ks
lgSo (lg$,o)
ppq%
LFkkyhr%
i';fr
vHk{k;r~
fpUrf;Rok
izrhdkje~
ln~O;ogrZO;e~
lq[kSf"k.kk
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
[khj
nsrk gS@nsrh gS
laoQq fpr eq[k okys@rax eq[k okys esa
lkFk gh
pksp
a
Fkkyh ls
ns[krk gS@ns[krh gS
[kk;k@[kk;h
lkspdj
cnyk
vPNk O;ogkj djuk pkfg,
pkgus okys osQ }kjk
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
;=k
r=k
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76
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77
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l% ,oaQ ?kVe~ vi';r~A ?kVs --------------------------- tye~ vklhr~A
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83
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86
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;Fkk& jfo%
&
jos!s
(d) eqfu%
&
------------------------
([k) dfo%
&
------------------------
96
;Fkk& lk/q%
&
lk/ks!
(d) Hkkuq%
&
------------------------
([k) i'kq%
&
------------------------
;Fkk& unh
&
ufn!
(d) nsoh
&
------------------------
([k) ekfuuh
&
------------------------
6- etw"kkr% mi;qDrkuke~ vO;;inkuka iz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

oqQr%
dnk
oqQ=k
dFka
fde~
(d) txUukFkiqjh ---------------- vfLr\

([k) Roa ---------------- iqjha xfe";fl\
(x) xkunh ---------------- izogfr\
(?k) ro LokLF;a ---------------- vfLr\
() o"kkZdkys e;wjk% ---------------- oqQoZfUr\
7- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
ekek] eksj] rkjk] dks;y] dcwrj A
ekrqypUnz!!
97
ifjf'k"Ve~
dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%
okD;s f;k;k% lk{kkr~ vUo;% ;su insu@'kCnsu lg Hkofr rr~ ina dkjoaQ HkofrA
dkjdk.kke~ vFkZ izdVf;rqa ;s"kka izR;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs (izR;;k%)
dkjd&foHkDr;% HkofUrA
a xRok
;Fkk& gs Nk=kk%!(11) n'kjFkL;(10) lqr%(1) jke%(2) n.Mdkj.;kr~(8) yk(3)
(9)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(12)
;qs jko.ka ok.ksu gRok foHkh"k.kk; yk jkT;e~ v;PNr~ A
ela[;k
'kCnk%@inkfu
dkjde~
foHkfDr%
1] 2
lqr%] jke%
drkZ
izFkek
3] 4] 5
yk ]a jko.ka]
ykjkT;e~
deZ
f}rh;k
ok.ksu
dj.ke~
r`rh;k
foHkh"k.kk;
lEiznkue~
prqFkhZ
n.Mdkj.;kr~
viknkue~
ipeh
;qs
vf/dj.ke~
lIreh
fo'ks"k%& "k"Bh&foHkDrs% vFkZ% lEcU/% vfLrA lEcU/% lEcks/ua p dkjda u

HkofrA mnkgj.ke~&^n'kjFkL;*(10) ^gs Nk=kk%* (11) bfr in;ks% lk{kkr~ vUo;% f;;k
^v;PNr~*(12) bR;usu insu lg ukfLrA vr% laLrs ,rs ins dkjosQ u Hkor%A
'kCn:ikf.k
vdkjkUr&iqf Yy& 'kCn%
ckyd
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
ckyd%
ckyde~
ckyosQu
ckydk;
ckydkr~
ckydL;
ckyosQ
gs ckyd!
f}opue~
ckydkS
ckydkS
ckydkH;ke~
ckydkH;ke~
ckydkH;ke~
ckyd;ks%
ckyd;ks%
gs ckydkS!
cgqopue~
ckydk%
ckydku~
ckyoSQ%
ckyosQH;%
ckyosQH;%
ckydkuke~
ckyosQ"kq
gs ckydk%!
,oeso uì&nso&jke&firkeg&if.Mr&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&iqf Yy&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA
vkdkjkUr&L=khfYk& 'kCn%
ckfydk
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
ifjf'k"Ve~
,dopue~
ckfydk
ckfydke~
ckfyd;k
ckfydk;S
ckfydk;k%
f}opue~
ckfyosQ
ckfyosQ
ckfydkH;ke~
ckfydkH;ke~
ckfydkH;ke~
cgqopue~
ckfydk%
ckfydk%
ckfydkfHk%
ckfydkH;%
ckfydkH;%
99
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
ckfydk;k%
ckfydk;ke~
gs ckfyosQ!
ckfyd;ks%
ckfyd;ks%
gs ckfyosQ!
ckfydkuke~
ckfydklq
gs ckfydk%!
,oeso yrk&jek&ekyk&dfydk&bR;knhuke~ vkdkjkUr&L=khfy&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA
vdkjkUr&uiql
a dfy& 'kCn%
iq"i
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
iq"ie~
iq"ie~
iq"is.k
iq"ik;
iq"ikr~
iq"iL;
iq"is
gs iq"i!
f}opue~
iq"is
iq"is
iq"ikH;ke~
iq"ikH;ke~
iq"ikH;ke~
iq"i;ks%
iq"i;ks%
gs iq"is!
cgqopue~
iq"ikf.k
iq"ikf.k
iq"iS%
iq"isH;%
iq"isH;%
iq"ik.kke~
iq"is"kq
gs iq"ikf.kA
,oeso iQy&iqLrd&uxj&fe=k&m|ku&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&uiql

a dfy& 'kCnkuka
:ikf.k HkofUrA
bdkjkUr&iqf y& 'kCn

eqfu
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
100
,dopue~
eqfu%
eqfue~
f}opue~
equh
equh
cgqopue~
equ;%
equhu~
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
eqfuuk
equ;s
equ%s
equ%s
equkS
gs equ!s
eqfuH;ke~
eqfuH;ke~
eqfuH;ke~
eqU;ks%
eqU;ks%
gs equh!
eqfufHk%
eqfuH;%
eqfuH;%
equhuke~
eqfu"kq
gs equ;%!
,oeso dfo&gfj&jfo&dfi&bR;knhuke~ bdjkUr&iqf Yy& 'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
mdkjkUr&iqf Yy& 'kCn%

Hkkuq
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
Hkkuq%
Hkkuqe~
Hkkuquk
Hkkuos
Hkkuks%
Hkkuks%
HkkukS
gs Hkkuks!
f}opue~
Hkkuw
Hkkuw
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkUoks%
HkkUoks%
gs Hkkuw!
cgqopue~
Hkkuo%
Hkkuwu~
HkkuqfHk%
HkkuqH;%
HkkuqH;%
Hkkuwuke~
Hkkuq"kq
gs Hkkuo%!
,oeso f'k'kq&lk/q&xq#&fo".kq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&iqf Yy&'kCnkuka :ikf.k

HkofUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~
101
/krq&:ikf.k
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iB~ (i<+uk)
iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k%
iBfr
iBr%
iBfUr
e;eiq#"k%
iBfl
iBFk%
iBFk
mkeiq#"k%
iBkfe
iBko%
iBke%
xe~&xPN~ (tkuk)
izFkeiq#"k%
xPNfr
xPNr%
xPNfUr
e;eiq#"k%
xPNfl
xPNFk%
xPNFk
mkeiq#"k%
xPNkfe
xPNko%
xPNke%
LFkk&fr"B (Bgjuk)
izFkeiq#"k%
fr"Bfr
fr"Br%
fr"BfUr
e;eiq#"k%
fr"Bfl
fr"BFk%
fr"BFk
mkeiq#"k%
fr"Bkfe
fr"Bko%
fr"Bke%
uh&u;~ (ysuk)
izFkeiq#"k%
u;fr
u;r%
u;fUr
e;eiq#"k%
u;fl
u;Fk%
u;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
u;kfe
u;ko%
u;ke%
102
fpUr~ (lkspuk)
izFkeiq#"k%
fpUr;fr
fpUr;r%
fpUr;fUr
e;eiq#"k%
fpUr;fl
fpUr;Fk%
fpUr;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
fpUr;kfe
fpUr;ko%
fpUr;ke%
mi;qDZ rkuqlkjs.k ,o gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] (fic)] n`'k~ (i';)] /ko~]
ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~ (bPN)] fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
y`Vy
~ dkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iB~
iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k%
ifB";fr
ifB";r%
ifB";fUr
e;eiq#"k%
ifB";fl
ifB";Fk%
ifB";Fk
mkeiq#"k%
ifB";kfe
ifB";ko%
ifB";ke%
xe~
izFkeiq#"k%
xfe";fr
xfe";r%
xfe";fUr
e;eiq#"k%
xfe";fl
xfe";Fk%
xfe";Fk
mkeiq#"k%
xfe";kfe
xfe";ko%
xfe";ke%
LFkk
izFkeiq#"k%
LFkkL;fr
LFkkL;r%
LFkkL;fUr
e;eiq#"k%
LFkkL;fl
LFkkL;Fk%
LFkkL;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
LFkkL;kfe
LFkkL;ko%
LFkkL;ke%
ifjf'k"Ve~
103
uh
izFkeiq#"k%
us";fr
us";r%
us";fUr
e;eiq#"k%
us";fl
us";Fk%
us";Fk
mkeiq#"k%
us";kfe
us";ko%
us";ke%
fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k%
fpUrf;";fr
fpUrf;";r%
fpUrf;";fUr
e;eiq#"k%
fpUrf;";fl
fpUrf;";Fk%
fpUrf;";Fk
mkeiq#"k%
fpUrf;";kfe
fpUrf;";ko%
fpUrf;";ke%
,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~ (ysf[k";fr)] ik (ikL;fr)]
n`'k~ (nz{;fr)] b"k~ (,f"k";fr)] fey~&izHk`rhuka kkrwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iB~
iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k%
viBr~
viBrke~
viBu~
e;eiq#"k%
viB%
viBre~
viBr
mkeiq#"k%
viBe~
viBko
viBke
xe~
izFkeiq#"k%
vxPNr~
vxPNrke~
vxPNu~
e;eiq#"k%
vxPN%
vxPNre~
vxPNr
mkeiq#"k%
vxPNe~
vxPNko
vxPNke
104
LFkk
izFkeiq#"k%
vfr"Br~
vfr"Brke~
vfr"Bu~
e;eiq#"k%
vfr"B%
vfr"Bre~
vfr"Br
mkeiq#"k%
vfr"Be~
vfr"Bko
vfr"Bke
uh
izFkeiq#"k%
vu;r~
vu;rke~
vu;u~
e;eiq#"k%
vu;%
vu;re~
vu;r
mkeiq#"k%
vu;e~
vu;ko
vu;ke
fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k%
vfpUr;r~
vfpUr;rke~
vfpUr;u~
e;eiq#"k%
vfpUr;%
vfpUr;re~
vfpUr;r
mkeiq#"k%
vfpUr;e~
vfpUr;ko
vfpUr;ke
,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~ (,sPNr~)]
fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
yksV&~ ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iB~
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
ifjf'k"Ve~
,dopue~
iBrq
iB
iBkfu
f}opue~
iBrke~
iBre~
iBko
cgqopue~
iBUrq
iBr
iBke
105
xe~
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
xPNrq
xPN
xPNkfu
xPNrke~
xPNre~
xPNko
xPNUrq
xPNr
xPNke
LFkk
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
fr"Brq
fr"B
fr"Bkfu
fr"Brke~
fr"Bre~
fr"Bko
fr"BUrq
fr"Br
fr"Bke
u;rke~
u;re~
u;ko
u;Urq
u;r
u;ke
uh
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
u;rq
u;
u;kfu
fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
fpUr;rq
fpUr;
fpUr;kfu
fpUr;rke~
fpUr;re~
fpUr;ko
fpUr;Urq
fpUr;r
fpUr;ke
mi;qDZ rkuqlkjeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~]
fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
106

NCERT Sanskrit Ruchira Class VI

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NCERT Sanskrit Ruchira Class VI

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ikBkuqef.

dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%] 'kCn:ikf.k] /krq:ikf.k p

(nks) nkSM+rs gSa@nkSM+rh gSa

2- (d) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

3- mnkgj.ka n`"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

4- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok laLrinkfu fy[kr&

----------------#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

5- fp=ka n`"V~ok mkja fy[kr&

6- inkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

7- etw"kkr% ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

8- l%] rkS] rs bR;srHs ;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) xtk% pyfUrA

([k) Nk=kkS fy[kr%A

(x) okujk% hMfUrA

(?k) xk;d% xk;frA

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

'k~ $ b $ o~Q $ "k~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk

([k) o.kZla;kstua Rok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

3- fp=ka n`"V~ok laLr'kCna fy[kr&

4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok okD;a iwj;r&

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

5- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) efgyk% glfUrA

([k) lq/k onfrA

(x) v'o% kkofrA

(?k) ckydkS i';r%A

7- etw"kkr% drZ`ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) --------------- pjr%A

(d) jek --------------------A

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

,rr~ fde~ vfLr\

,rs osQ Lr%\

,rkfu dkfu lfUr\

fde~ ,rs iq"is\

fde~ ,rkfu iqLrdkfu\

,rkfu dkfu lfUr\

v=k ckyk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\

fde~ v=k oh.kk% lfUr\

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

,rs osQ Lr%\

fde~ v=k jsy;kukfu lfUr\

fde~ ,rr~ ok|e~\

fde~ ,rr~ foekue~\

2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

4- fp=ka n`"V~ok mkja fy[kr&

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

5- funs'Z kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

(d) ,rr~ iQye~A

([k) ,rs O;tusA

(x) ,rkfu ;kukfuA

(?k) Hkzej% xqtfrA

6- mfprinkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

,"kk l. kd;U=k&iz;ksx'kkyk vfLrA

,rr~ vLekoaQ fo|ky;L;

Nk=kk%! ;w;a d oqQq #Fk\

Nk=kkS! ;qoka d oqQ#Fk%\

2- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZua oqQ#r&

(d) vga u`R;kfeA

([k) Roa iBflA

(x) ;qoka hMFk%A

(?k) vkoka xPNko%A