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Malay Words of Sanskrit Origin
Malay Words of Sanskrit Origin
The Malay language is almost completely derived from Sanskrit, and the early litriture is predominantly based on the Ramayana and the Mahabaratha. Even today, a major portion of Malay vocabulary is made up of Sanskrit words. Today, when a Malay speaks a sentence of ten words, probably five to seven of them will be Sanskrit words and the remaining either of Arabic, Tamil, Hindi, English, Chinese, Persian or of some other origin. Words such as putera, son; puteri, daughter; asmara, love; samudra, ocean; belantra, jungle; kenchana, gold; sukma, soul; and literally thousands of other words are all Sanskrit words, either in original or in modified form.
A
acara "event; item in a programme" Sanskrit: acara, "by activities, behavior". adakala "sometimes" Sanskrit: kata kla, "for some time". agama "religion" Sanskrit: agama, "of the Vedas, inspired religious text". aneka "multifarious; varied; all sorts of" Sanskrit: aneka, "many, various". anekaragam "variety show" Sanskrit: aneka-rgam, "various color". anekawarna "multi-coloured" Sanskrit: aneka-varna, "variety of color". anggota "limb, member" Sanskrit: aga-jh, "born from the body; limbs; member".
angkara "insolence, cruel" Sanskrit: aham-kara, "ego; pride - maker". angkasa "space (beyond earth's atmosphere)" Sanskrit: ka, "the sky". angkasawan "astronaut" Sanskrit: ka-vn, "the sky + having; possessing". angsa "goose" Sanskrit: hamsa, "swan". aniaya "maltreatment; abuse; injustice; tyranny" Sanskrit: anyay, "sinful activities, mischief". antara "among, (in) between" Sanskrit: antar, "between, in the meantime". anugerah "award; honour; grace" Sanskrit: anugraha, "to bestow blessings; compassion". asmara "love" Sanskrit: smara, "of lust". asrama "hostel" Sanskrit: rama, "a religious hermitage". atau "or" Sanskrit: athav, "alternatively; or; either". alpa "negligent" Sanskrit: alpa, "for a slight reason " angka "numerical figure" Sanskrit: anka, "numerical constant" angsana "Pterocarpus Indica (tree)" Sanskrit: asana, "Terminalia Tomen Indica (tree)" antarabangsa "international" Sanskrit: antar-vama, "between + descendants"
B
baca "read" Sanskrit: vc, "words; with a voice". bagai "as if; like" Sanskrit: bhag, "whose good fortune". bagi "for; give" Sanskrit: bhga, "(to) divide". bahagi "allot; distribute; divide" Sanskrit: bhga, "divisions; portion". bahagia "blissful; lucky; blessed" Sanskrit: bhgya, "of the good fortune;". bahasa "language" Sanskrit: bhs, "language". bahawa "that (conj.)" Sanskrit: bhava, "become; state of being". bahaya "danger" Sanskrit: bhaya, "fear, danger". bahu "arm, shoulder" Sanskrit: bhu, "arms". baja "seed" Sanskrit: bja, "seed". bakti "homage, devotion, service" Sanskrit: bhakti, "devotion". bala "disaster; calamity" Sanskrit: bala, "by the strength;".
bangsa "race; nation" Sanskrit: vama, "of the dynasty; descendants; the spine;". bangsawan "noble " Sanskrit: vama-vn, "of the dynasty; + having; possessing". basmi "eliminate; destroy" Sanskrit: bhasm, "reduce to ashes". bayu "wind" Sanskrit: vyu, "wind". belantara "jungle" Sanskrit: vanntara, "(interior of a) forest". belia "youth" Sanskrit: ba-lya, "childhood age". berita "news (same as warta)" Sanskrit: va-rta-, "event, news, topic, conversation". bicara "speak" Sanskrit: vicra, "discussion". baginda "Majesty" Sanskrit: bhgya, "part, good fortune + Austronesian suffix" bahtera "ship" Sanskrit: vahitra, "a boat, ship" bahwasanya "that (conj.)" Sanskrit: bhava, "being, state + ? " baiduri "opal (gem)" Sanskrit: vaidrya, "cat's eye (gem)" balai "hall of audience" Sanskrit: id., "id. " balatentera "army" Sanskrit: balam-tantra , "the army + of the doctrine; the purport; "
bela "defend" Sanskrit: vel , "time, death 9 " belaka "merely" Sanskrit: blaka , "young [G. 274] " belanja "expense" Sanskrit: valaja , "that which is spent [Sinh?] 10 " bencana "calamity" Sanskrit: vcana , "deception " benda "object" Sanskrit: bha , "goods " bendahara "treasurer (male)" Sanskrit: bhgra , "treasure " bendahari "treasurer (female)" Sanskrit: id, "id. " berahi "passionate love" Sanskrit: virahin , "separated from one's beloved [G. 262] " berhala "image of a god" Sanskrit: bhara , "lord [via Prk] 13 " bestari "clever" Sanskrit: vistrin , "extending 14 " biara "monastery" Sanskrit: vihra , "id. " biasa "habitual; usual; ordinary" Sanskrit: abhya-sa , "of the accumulated practice; " biasiswa "scholarship" Sanskrit: vyaya-iya , "id. " biayai "expense, coats" Sanskrit: vyaya , "loss, expense "
bidadari "nymph" Sanskrit: vidydhar , "id. " bidan "midwife" Sanskrit: vidvn , "nom. masc. of Skr vidvant, wise 15 " bijak "clever" Sanskrit: vicakana , "clever 17 " bijaksana "clever" Sanskrit: vicakana , "id. " biji "seed" Sanskrit: bja , "id. " bila "when" Sanskrit: vela- , "period " binasa "destroyed" Sanskrit: vinsa , "destruction " bisa "venom; malice" Sanskrit: vis?a , "poisonous " budaya "culture" Sanskrit: buddhi , "id. " budi "kindness; good deed" Sanskrit: buddhi , "of intelligence; " budiman "wise" Sanskrit: buddhiman , "id. (nom. of buddhimant) " bujangga "scholar" Sanskrit: bhujanga, "snake 22 " bukti "proof." Sanskrit: bhukti , "enjoyment 23 " bumi "earth" Sanskrit: bhu-mi , "earth, of lands "
bumiputera "son of the soil, native" Sanskrit: bhu-mi-putra , "earth + son "
C
cabai "chilli pepper" Sanskrit: cavi , "Piper Chaba 24 " cahaya "Light, radiance" Sanskrit: cha-ya- , "shade " cakra "disk, sphere" Sanskrit: cakra , "disc, wheel, " cakrawala "horizon" Sanskrit: cakravla (Puranas) "
"mythical
mountain
bordering
the
earth
candi "ancient Hindu or Buddhist monument" Sanskrit: cai , "name of Durga " cara "way, manner" Sanskrit: cra , "conduct 27 " cari "look for" Sanskrit: cri, "moving around " catur "chess" Sanskrit: caturaga , "id. " cedera "quarrel, dispute" Sanskrit: chidra , "cleft " celaka "mishap" Sanskrit: chalaka , "delusive MW2 " cempaka "Michelia Champaka (tree)" Sanskrit: campaka , "id. " cendala "low, outcaste" Sanskrit: cala , "id. "
cendana "sandal-wood" Sanskrit: candana , "id. cendekia " cendera "sweetheart" Sanskrit: candra , "moon " cenderawasih "bird of paradise" Sanskrit: candra , "id. " ceria "pure, spell" Sanskrit: cary , "due observance 30 " cerita "story" Sanskrit: carita , "id. " cernah "digested" Sanskrit: jra , "old, digested " cinta "love" Sanskrit: cint , "thought, care " cipta "create" Sanskrit: citta , "thought " cita-cita], "ideal" Sanskrit: [http://vedabase.net/ citta "thought " citarasa "taste; flavour" Sanskrit: [http://vedabase.net/ citta "id. " citra "picture" Sanskrit: citra, "multi-coloured " cuci "wash" Sanskrit: cuci, "clean [cf. suci] " cuka "vinegar" Sanskrit: cukra , "id. " curiga "suspect" Sanskrit: churik , "knife [via Prk] "
D
dadih "curd" Sanskrit: dadhi, "curd" dahaga "thirst" Sanskrit: dha, "thirst" dana "gift; fund; donation" Sanskrit: dna, "gift; charity; giving" daru "Urandra Corniculata (tree)" Sanskrit: dru, "wood" daya "power; capacity; ability" Sanskrit: [http://vedabase.net/d/daya], "mercy" delima "pomegrenate" Sanskrit: dlima, "pomegranate" denda "fine" Sanskrit: danda, "punishment" dendam "resentment" Sanskrit: danda, "punishment" derhaka "traitor" Sanskrit: drohaka, "traitor" derita "suffer" Sanskrit: dhrita, "held, tolerated " derma "donation" Sanskrit: dharma , "duty, good deeds " dermaga "platform" Sanskrit: mrga , "road [] " desa "village" Sanskrit: desa, "place, "
dewa "deity" Sanskrit: deva, "god " dewasa "time, adult" Sanskrit: divasa , "day " dewi "deity" Sanskrit: devi, "goddess " dina(-hina) "miserable" Sanskrit: dna , "id. "
Sanskrit: jagarti, "be awake, but via Prakrit, cf. Beng. jaga "
Sanskrit: yava, "barley, grain (via Prakrit java, id.) [MW] "
"
ge"
spectacles"
"now"
"if"
i "time(s)"
kanta "lens"
kapas "cotton"
karma "karma" Sanskrit: karma, "work, action " karya "achievement, work "krya " Sanskrit: karya, "duty, work; cf. kerja " kasturi "musk flower (k.o. hibiscus)" Sanskrit: kastr, "musk "
kata "word" Sanskrit: kath, "story " kati "a hundred thousand" Sanskrit: koi, "ten million " kelahi "quarrel" Sanskrit: kalaha, "id. " Keling "Indian" Sanskrit: klinga, "inhabitant of Kalinga, south Orissa, India " keluarga "family" Sanskrit: kula-varga, "id. " kemboja "tree (Plumeria Acuminata)" Sanskrit: kamboja, "id. " kendi "water-pitcher" Sanskrit: kua, "id. " kepala "head" Sanskrit: kapla, "cup, skull " kerana "because" Sanskrit: kraa, "cause " keranda "coffin" Sanskrit: karaa, "basket, box " kerja "work, oeuvre" Sanskrit: karya, "the work, the manifest products " kesatria "warrior, knight"
ketika "moment, when" Sanskrit: ghaik, "hour (24 minutes) " kian "as much (many) as"
kosakata "vocabulary"
Sanskrit: kosa, "id. " kota "town" Sanskrit: koa, "stronghold " kuasa "power" Sanskrit: vasa, "id. [] 47 " kumba "pot" Sanskrit: kumbha, "id. " kunci "key" Sanskrit: kucik, "id. 48 " kungkuma "saffron"
kurnia "mercy" Sanskrit: kruya, "compassion " kusta "leprosy " Sanskrit: kuha, "id. "
L
labu "gour d" Sanskrit: alab, "id. [G. 322] " lak sa "te n th ou sa
nd " Sanskrit: laka, "id. " l a k s a m a n a " a d m i r a l " Sanskrit: lakmaa, "name of Rama's younger brother [G. 507] " la wa ng "ci nn am on " Sanskrit: lavanga, "clove 49 " lela "smar t, elega nt" Sanskrit: ll, "play 50 "
lencana "badge" Sanskrit: lncana, "id. " lingga "lingga (symbol Siva)"
of
loba "greedy
loka "world"
M
Sanskrit: madhu, "honey"
maha "great
mahaesa "al
mahaguru "p
maharaja "ki
maharajalela
maharani "q
mahasiswa "
mahasiswi "(
mahkota "cro
mala "stain;
malapetaka " Sanskrit: mah-ptaka, "the resultant actions of greatly sinful activities;"
masa "period
masakini "co
maya "illusio
melaka "Phy
melati "jasm
menteri "min
merdeka "fre
merdu "soft,
merpati "pig
mesra "mixe
mestika "bez
muka "face,
Sanskrit: mula
mula "Beginn
mulai "(coun
mulia "noble
N
Sanskrit: nda, "sound" nada "tone"
nadi "pulse"
naga "mythic
nama "name
negara "stat
negeri "city"
neraca "bala
neraka "hell"
niaga "trade
nila "indigo"
nilam "sapph
nira "water"
nobat "a fam Sanskrit: naubat, where nau and nava "nine", bah "combine" "combination of nine type of instruments"
nyana "supp Sanskrit: jnna, "knowledge " nyata "real, Sanskrit: niyata, "certain "
O P
Sanskrit: pda, "foot 63 "
paksa "force Sanskrit: paka, "wing etc. [G. 556] " panca "five" Sanskrit: paca, "id. " pancaragam Sanskrit: paca, "five [Skr/Tam] "
Sanskrit: pati,
rosperous"
nce, very"
"torment"
ggara "organize"
esma "flu"
Sanskrit: verse, " " semadi "meditation" Sanskrit: samdhi, "id. " semasa "during" Sanskrit: msa, "month, time " sementara "temporary" Sanskrit: samanantara, "just following [G. 140] " semesta "all" Sanskrit: samasta, "id. " sempurna "perfect" Sanskrit: sampra, "id. " semua "all" Sanskrit: samha, "multitude " semuka "(someone with) the same face" Sanskrit: mukha, "face" semula "original" Sanskrit: mla, "root " senantiasa "always" Sanskrit: nityasas, "id. " sendi "joint, sinew" Sanskrit: sandhi, "id. " sengketa "conflict" Sanskrit: saketa, "id. " sengsara "suffering" Sanskrit: samsara, "material bondage " senja "sunset" Sanskrit: sdhya, "id. " senjata "weapon" Sanskrit: sayatta, "come into conflict [G. 523] "
sentosa "tranquil" Sanskrit: satoa, "satisfaction " seragam "uniform" Sanskrit: rga, "colour [via Tam] 99 " serangga "insect" Sanskrit: sraga, "variegated 100 " serasi "harmonious"
serba "omni-"
serbaneka "various"
seri "splendour"
serta "with, and" Sanskrit: srtha, "company [G. 109] 101 " seteru "enemy"
setia "loyal ,
faithf ul" Sanskrit: satya, "true, loyal " se wa "re nt" Sanskrit: sev, "service " s i l a " m o r a l p r i n c i p l e " Sanskrit: la, "virtue " sin ga "li on "
suci "sacred"
sudah "alrea
sudi "well-di
suka "like; e
sukacita "gla
sukarela "vo
sukaria "hap
sunyi "deser
supaya "in o
surga "heave
surga "heave
suria "sun"
susila "virtuo
sutera "silk"
swasta "priv
T
Sanskrit: ksntavya, "pardon [G. 640] "
tabik "good-
tadi "a mome Sanskrit: tada, "at that time; then "
tata "system
tetapi "but; y Sanskrit: tatha--api, tatha-pi "as well as; + also = Nonetheless; but still " topi "hat"
U
ucap "say" Sanskrit: uvaca, "said " udara "air" Sanskrit: udra, "high "
upaya "mean
usaha "effor Sanskrit: utsa-ha, "enthusiasm " usia "age" Sanskrit: yuya, "longevity "
V W
Sanskrit: vacana, "statement "
wacana "disc
warganegara Sanskrit: varga-nagara, "member + town " waris "heir" Sanskrit: waris, "heir "
wartawan "j
wasangka "s
wibawa "aut
wicara "hurt
wijaya "victo
wira "hero"
wisma "host
X Y
Sanskrit: yaas "glory [G. 537 "
yayasan "fou
yoga "id."
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