PHT201 (Electrical Engineering Materials and IC Fabrication), Semester III Branches: EC, EN, ED

Lecture Notes-1
Problems / Exercises
Department of Physics
Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, India 440013 Third Week July 2012

Exercises
1. What is an electric dipole? Define dipole moment of an electrically neutral system. Show that it is independent of the location of origin of coordinates [see Prob 2.8, Dekker]. 2. Does the electric dipole moment of an electrically neutral system depend on orientation of coordinate axes? Do its components? 3. What is meant by electric polarization of a material? Is the polarization always parallel to the applied electric field? Can you think of a situation where it may not be? 4. What is dielectric constant of a material? Why should the relative permittivity of vacuum be 1? 5. Two identical parallel plate capacitors carry the same charge on their positive plates. One of them filled with a dielectric (insulator) material. Show that in both cases the electric flux density D is the same. What is its value in terms of the magnitude of the surface charge density on the plates?

Problems
1. [Prob 1.14, Dekker] Assume that energy of two particles in the field of each other is given by the following function of the distance r between the centers of the particles: W r r r8 ,

where and are constants. (a) Show that the two particles form a stable compound at r ro 8 1 7 . (b) Show that in the stable configuration the energy of attraction is 8 times the energy of repulsion (in contrast with the fact that the attractive force is equal to the repulsive force!). (c) Show that the total potential energy of the two particle in the stable configuration is equal to 7 8 ro . Hint: The stable configuration is the one in which the energy is a minimum. Impose this condition and solve for ro . 2. [Prob 1.15, Dekker] Atom A has an ionization energy of 5 eV, and atom B has an electron affinity of 4 eV (i.e, 4 eV is gained by attaching a free electron to atom B). Suppose atoms A and B are 5 apart. What is the energy required to transfer an electron from A to B? Hint: After the electron is transferred the two atoms have a negative potential energy as the resulting ion attract each other. This energy equals e2 4 o r, where r is the distance between the ions. 3. [Prob 2.9, Dekker] With reference to a two-dimensional coordinate system (x,y), four point charges are located as follows: a charge Q coulombs in the point (0,0); -Q in (1,0); 2Q in (1,1); and -2Q in (0,1); the numbers refer to metres. Find the magnitude and direction of the dipole moment of the system. 4. Consider three identical parallel plate capacitors. The first of these s filled with air r 1 and has capacitance C. The second has a dielectric material filling it completely. Its capacitance is 5C. The third has is only half filled with the same dielectric in the form of a rectangular block adjacent to one of the plates. What is the dielectric constant of the material? What is the capacitance of the third capacitor?

L0P.nb

(a)

(b)

(c)

Vacuum

5C

5. Suppose that a hydrogen electron gives the charge density r e r1 3 e 2 r r1 C m3 , centered on the proton in the free atom. r is the distance from the proton and r1 is a constant. Verify that the total charge due to this density is -e. When this atom is placed in an electric field E, the proton shifts by a small distance z r1 along the field direction. Find the polarizability of hydrogen atom. (see Prob 2.13, Dekker) Hint: Find the charge inside a sphere of radius z centered at a point a distance z from the proton (and passing through the proton!) along the direction of E.

Vacuum