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ORG

Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) A Cooperative Research Effort Between Industry and Government
30th Anniversary MADD National Conference Washington DC September 25, 2010 Susan Ferguson, Ph.D. ACTS

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS)

The Automotive Coalition for Traffic Safety and NHTSA entered into a cooperative agreement in February 2008 to explore the feasibility, the potential benefits of, and the public policy challenges associated with a more widespread use of unobtrusive technology to prevent drunk driving Goal is to develop non-invasive, seamless technologies to measure driver BAC and reduce the incidence of drunk driving Systems need to measure alcohol accurately, precisely, reliably, and in a very short time so the sober driver is not inconvenienced Five-year program to develop and test prototypes that may be considered for vehicle integration thereafter Devices intended to prevent alcohol impaired drivers (BAC 0.08) from driving their vehicles

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Participating Manufacturers

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Alcohol Absorption and Elimination

Stomach Lungs Breath Alcohol Concentration

Intestines Portal Vein Hepatic Artery Inferior Vena Cava

Venous BAC

Arterial Blood

Liver

Heart
Venous Blood

Arterial BAC

Waste

Urine Alcohol Concentration

Capillary Bed

Transdermal Alcohol Concentration

Tissue Alcohol Concentration Sweat/Vapor Tissue and Organs

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

PROGRAM PROCESS

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DADSS Program Process

2008 2009
Q2

2010
Q3
Phase II Subsystem Development
Implement DADSS Subsystem(s) in Vehicle Interior Mockup

2013

Assess Current State of Technology

Patents and Literature Review

Phase I Prototype Development

Develop DADSS Subsystem Prototype(s)

Perform Interior Mockup Testing Interior Mockup Tests Develop DADSS Demonstration Vehicle Human Subjects Tests

Performance Specifications

Phase I Funding

Perform Technology Verification

Phase II Funding

Request for Information

Perform Prototype(s) Lab Testing

Request for Proposals

Bench Tests

Human Subjects Tests

Perform DADSS Demonstration Vehicle Testing Demo Vehicle Tests Human Subjects Tests

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

OVERVIEW OF PHASE I TECHNOLOGIES BEING FUNDED FOR DEVELOPMENT

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Breath-Based Prototypes

Alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide in exhaled drivers breath measured by infrared spectroscopy sensors Unobtrusive sniffer to detect alcohol in the vehicle Carbon dioxide detection allows measurement of breath dilution Multiple sensors in-vehicle (steering wheel, A-Pillar, etc..)

Schematic of possible vehicle application

ACS/Daylight Solutions Prototype Autoliv Prototype

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Autoliv In-Vehicle Sensing

In-vehicle expired breath aerodynamics studied to estimate alcohol levels at various positions with ventilation on and off

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Autoliv In-Vehicle Sensing

In-Vehicle Signal Pattern

Door closing

<5 sec after door closure for sensors on steering wheel

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Alcohol Countermeasure Systems (ACS)

ACS prototype uses Mid Infrared detection methodology Daylight Solutions External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser (ECqcL) Scans a broad range of wavelengths Ability to capture entire ethanol fingerprint Allows detection of other potential interfering substances

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ACS Development Status

Ethanol
Measurement Conditions 100 sweeps 10 sec. acquisition time

Methanol

Isopropyl Alcohol

Acetone

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Touch-Based Prototype
Tissue Spectrometry Touch-based system Uses Near Infrared to identify alcohol concentration in the dermis Extensive human subjects testing
stratum corneum

epidermis

dermis

subcutaneous

TruTouch Prototype

Schematic of possible vehicle application

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 LABORATORY

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DADSS BSL-1 Laboratory

All DADSS prototype testing, including human subject studies, will be performed at the BSL-1 Laboratory The laboratory provides Controlled environmental test conditions Commercial and custom test instrumentation Controlled storage Data acquisition systems Multiple work stations for materials preparation Human subject testing will be performed with experts from the McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School

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DADSS BSL-1 Laboratory

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

STANDARD CALIBRATION DEVICES

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DADSS Phase I Requirements

Phase I POP Prototypes will be evaluated against the following performance specifications: Measure from 0.01% to 0.12% BAC Measurement time = 325 milliseconds Accuracy and Precision High accuracy but 0.07%-0.09% BAC 0.0003% BAC low precision Requires Standard Calibration Devices (SCD) Breath-based systems Tissue-based systems
High precision but low accuracy

DADSS Performance Specifications DRAFT07 available at: http://dev.dadss.org/performance-specification/download

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Standard Calibration Devices (SCD)

Objective Assess the accuracy and precision of the Phase I prototypes Approach Provide sample sources of breath or tissue SCD to sensor Challenge Develop process to assure the SCD performance Delivers targeted samples to POP sensor Has to exceed accuracy and precision requirements

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DADSS Program Review

HUMAN SUBJECT TESTS

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Human Subjects Tests

Subjects dosed to reach a BAC of 0.12 Test procedures Blood is drawn at a rate of 1 ml/min through catheter Samples taken every 2.5 minutes Every 5 minutes subject provides: evidential breath sample, short puff of breath into DADSS breath-based system, and presses finger on touch pad of touch-based system

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND POLICY ISSUES

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Acceptance among the public and key leaders is critical

Technology will be effective only if the driving public welcomes and accepts it:
58 percent of the U.S. public say they support smart technology to prevent driver impairment including alcohol-impaired driving (MADD U.S survey, 2006) 64 percent of the U.S. public say they support advanced technology in all vehicles, if it is reliable, to prevent anyone with an illegal BAC from driving their car (IIHS, 2009)

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Public Acceptance Needs

Assess what technology solutions might prove the most acceptable and how they might best be implemented Assess current levels of consumer understanding of DADSS, and levels of acceptance Monitor public acceptance levels over time and willingness to adopt the technology on their vehicles Discuss policy issues with relevant stakeholder groups Educate the public about potential technological solutions as it relates to the alcohol-impaired driving problem

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Planned Public Acceptance Research

Focus groups due to commence February 2011 Periodic national surveys Stakeholder group discussions Review and revise DADSS Performance Specifications, as may be indicated by the findings of the public acceptance research

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Communicating with the Public

A website has been launched to provide public information: Content A go to site to provide project details, Answer key questions about technology development and drinking and driving

www.dadss.org

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Summary

DADSS technologies have been identified, contracts awarded, and prototypes are undergoing bench and human subjects testing Preliminary phase I results indicate there are technologies showing sufficient promise to meet DADSS Performance Specifications with respect to measurement time, accuracy, and precision Technology developers have identified the work needed to meet the DADSS requirements Public acceptance research plan has been developed the public must be knowledgeable about the system and see its benefit in their vehicles Dialogue continues with policy makers and other key stakeholders to ensure their support

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Next Steps
Phase I Prototype Test Plan Phase I Prototypes Bench Tests Phase II RFP Awardee Selection

2010 Q1
Standard Calibration Devices

2010 Q2
Early Assessment Human Subjects Tests

2010 Q3

2010 Q4

Technology RFP Review Gate Evaluation Begin Research Vehicle Development

Phase II KickOff Meeting

2011 Q1
Phase I Contract Award

2011 Q2

2011 Q3

2011 Q4

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

QUESTIONS? http://www.dadss.org Contact Information

Susan Ferguson sferguson@dadss.org

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