Notes on the prophetic book of Daniel

by Greg Kawere under the Zunde Project www.zunde.biz "When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place (whoso readeth, let him understand), then let them which be in Judea flee into the mountains." Jesus in Matt.24:15-16 Table of Contents 1. A Captive in Babylon's Royal Court 2. The King Dreams of World Empire 3. Integrity Tested by Fire 4. The Most High Rules 5. The Handwriting on the Wall 6. Daniel in the Lion's Den 7. The Struggle for World Dominion 8. The World Arraigned Before the Court of Heaven 9. A Prophetic Yardstick Spans the Centuries 10. God Intervenes in World Affairs 11. Unrolling the Scroll of the Future Zunde project A project to disseminate Bible resources in Africa tutorials, softwares, quizzes, sermons, videos, training workshops, seminars and evangelical campaigns. For more information on the Zunde project visit our website at www.zunde.biz , You are free to use all bible resources in their original form. Introduction That the book of Daniel was written by the prophet Daniel who was one of the royal captives of Judah at the beginning of the 70 year captivity of the Jews in 606 BC. Daniel was a Prime Minister under the Babylonians (Chaldeans), Medes and the Persians. Recognition of Daniel in the Bible 1. Ezekiel 14:19. 20 & Ezekiel 23:3 -proverbial wisdom of Daniel 2. Mathew 24:15, 16 -recognized as a prophet by Jesus

Structure of the book Prophetic part : Chapters 2, 7-11 Historical narrative : Chapters 1, 3-6

Daniel 1:A Captive in Babylon's Royal Court

And Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the Kings meat and the drink which he drank. Daniel 1:8 1. The overthrow of Jerusalem (capital of Judah) was foretold in Jeremiah 25:8-11 and achieved by Nebuchadnezzar (King of Babylon) who conquered Judah three times first under Jehoiakim then under Jehoiachin (son of Jehoiakim) and lastly under Zedekiah 2. The first war broke out at the end of the 2nd year of Jehoiakim but Babylon won the war in the 9th month of the 4th year of Jehoiakim (BC 606) who became a tributary of Babylon 3. The 2nd war happened in BC 599 under Jehoiachin, this is when the vessels of the temple and royalty of Judah where taken to Babylon 4. The 3rd war happened in B 586 under Zedekiah resulting in the Babylonians utterly defeating Judah via a siege of Jerusalem and the Kings son being killed before him, his eyes being removed and dying in Babylon fulfilling the prophesy in Ezekiel 12:13 5. The treasury of Jerusalem and its people where taken captive to Babylon fulfilling the prophecy made to King Hezekiah in 2 Kings 20:14-18. 6. Some of the young Judian royalty men (18-23 years) where made eunuchs and placed in a 3 year university to be educated in the Babylonian sciences so as to help the King in ruling. 7. Among these was Daniel(God is my judge) changed to Belteshazzar (keeper of the hid treasures of Bel), Hananiah (gift of the Lord) to Shadrach (inspiration of the sun), Mishael (he that is a strong God) to Meshach(of the goddess Shaca) and Azariah (help of the Lord) to Abednego (servant of the shining fire). 8. The King wanted to give the trainees food from his table, but Daniel and his companions decided to eat a vegetarian diet Notes on Daniel 1 Shinar, the country of Babylon (Gen.10:10) Ashpenaz -master of the eunuchs Melzar set to look at the affairs of Daniel and his friends

Daniel 2: The King Dreams of World Empire . . . and there is none other that can show it before the king, except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh. Daniel 2:11 1. Nebuchadnezzar reigned two years co-jointly with his father Nabopolassar who died in BC 604 from then which he reigned alone. The Jews referred to the time Nebuchadnezzar reigned cojointly with his father as the beginning of his reign, whilst the Chaldean's referred to the time after his fathers death as the beginning of Nebuchadnezzars reign. 2. The events in this chapter occurred in Nebuchadnezzar's 4th year according to the Jews and his 2nd year according to the Jews. That means this was a year after Daniel and his friends had just finished their 3 year training. Syriac was a dialect of the Chaldeans (Chaldaic language) that was used by the educated and cultured classes Nebuchadnezzar has a dream which could not remember but wanted his wise men (Daniel & his friends where now now part of the wise men) to reveal to him the dream and its interpretation, failure on which he would kill them all. Arioch the captain of the Kings guard comes to get Daniel and friends inorder execute them since the other wise men had failed to give the King his dream and interpretation. Daniel asks for some time from the King so that he can tell him the dream, Daniel the goes to pray with his 3 friends for Gods and God reveals the dream to Daniel in a night vision. Nebuchadnezzar saw a great image as outline below Babylon was founded by Nimrod (Genesis 10: 8-10.)
Nebuchadnezzar reigned 43 years (604 BC -562 BC) Amel-Marduk also called Evil-Merodach (Nebuchadnezzar's son) reigned 2 years (562-560 BC) Neriglissar (Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-law) reigned 4 years; Laborosoarchod, Neriglissar's son 9 months, which, being less than on year, is not counted in the canon of Ptolemy Nabondius reigned cojointly with his son Belshazzar, grandson of Nebuchadnezzar from his 15th year.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Head of Gold : Babylon

Breast and arms of Silver: Medes and Persians

2 years after the death of Nebuchadnezzar war broke out between the Babtlonians & the Medes continued until the 18th year of Nabonidus (3rd year of his son Belshazzar) Babylon was taken by the Persians, and Darius the Median became King in 583 BC, when Darius

died two years later, Cyrus became King. Cyaxares (Darius) king of the Medes called Cyrus his Persian nephew to help him with the war against Babylon Cyrus laid a siege but the Babylonians had suppliers that could last them years, Cyrus then made an attack on Babylon when they where having a annual festival. He created an artificial lake to divert water away from the river Euphrates which passed through Babylon. Cyrus army. When the water was low enough, the soldiers entered Babylon under the city through gates under the river Euphrates that had been left open and opened the gates of the city conquering Babylon, fulfilling Isaiah prophecy in Isaiah 45:1 Cyrus removed the seat of the Empire from Babylon to Susa but the inhabitants of Babylon now a tributary of the Medes & Persians rebelled in the 5th year of Darius Hystaspes (517 BC). Cyrus then went to war against the city of Babylon, removing the gates and beating down the walls from 150 cubits to 50 cubits, subsequent Kings plundered the city of Babylon until it was desolate as prophesied in Isaiah 13: 19-22. Medo/Persia conquered an area larger than the one conquered by Babylon but it was inferior to Babylon in wealth, luxury and magnificence. The principal event under the Babylonian Empire was the captivity of the children of Israel; under the Medo-Persian kingdom it was the restoration of Israel to their own land In 538 BC 2 years after conquering Babylon, Darius died, leaving Cyrus sole monarch of the empire. Cyrus (7 years ) Cambyses (Cyrus son) 7 years and 5 months (522 BC) 8 Kings ruled after Cambyses to 336 BC when Darius Codomannus the last King of the Persian kings started ruling. 20 Grecians headed by Alexander the Great conquered Persians in the battle of Arbela in 331 BC making Alexander the King of a very great empire. Jun 13, 323 BC, Alexander died from drinking aged 32.

Belly and thighs of brass

Legs of iron : Rome

With Rome fell the last of the world's universal empires. The territory proper of the Roman kingdom, which was finally known as the Western Empire. Rome conquered the world, but the kingdom of Rome proper lay west of Greece. The image of Daniel 2 is exactly parallel with the four beasts in the vision of Daniel 7. The ten horns of the beast correspond to the ten toes of the image which are the 10 horns that shall rise after Rome. In verse 44 he says that "in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom." This shows that at the time the kingdom of God is set up, there will exist a plurality of kings. The of Rome into 10 division happened between AD 351 and 476 (125 years) Huns Ostrogoths

Feet of iron and clay : Diovided Rome

Visigoths () Franks Vandals Suevi Burgundians Heruli Anglo-Saxons (England) Lombards

A stone cut without hands struck the great image on the feet and the great image broke into pieces and became a big mountain
The last act in the drama of world events will be the establishment of Christ's kingdom in the earth.

Notes on Daniel 2 Matt.18:19,20.

The Chaldeans were a sect of philosophers who studied natural science and divinations

Daniel 3-Integrity Tested by Fire If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up." Daniel 3:17-18 1. Nebuchadnezzar built a golden image to suppose that his kingdom would last forever, he then made a dcree to have everyone bow down to the great golden image failure of which would result in death in a fury furnace.
2. The furnace was heated 7 times and Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego where thrown into the furnace for refusing to bow down to the golden image. The 3 survived the fire and where made governors of the provinces.

Daniel 4: The Most High Rules th chapter of Daniel is in the form of a decree made by Nebuchadnezzar detailing the 1. The 4 workings of God in his life. He sent forth through all his realm a royal proclamation containing an
acknowledgment of his pride, and a manifesto of praise and adoration to the King of heaven. 2. The prophecy and interpretation is in plain language, Evil-Merodach (Nebuchadnezzar's son) ruled in his stead during the 7 years of his insanity.

Daniel 5- The Handwriting on the Wall

1. This chapter describes the closing scenes of the Babylonian Empire, the transition from the gold to the silver of the great image of Daniel 2, and from the lion to the bear of Daniel's vision in chapter 7. 2. The queen here is supposed to have been the queen mother, the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar.

3. MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN MENE : God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it. TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

Daniel 6-In the lions den So Daniel was taken up out of the den, and no manner of hurt was found upon him, because he believed in his God. -Daniel 6:23
1.

Historical account of how Daniel survived being thrown into a den of lions

Daniel 7: The Struggle for World Dominion But the saints of the Most High shall take the kingdom, and possess the kingdom forever, and even forever and ever. Daniel 7:18
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

Wind represents strife, political commotion, and war (Jeremiah 25: 32, 33.) As the result of the blowing of the winds, kingdoms arise and fall through political strife. Seas, or waters represent peoples, and nations, and tongues (Revelation 17: 15) 4 beasts representing 4 kings/kingdoms arise consecutively, since they are enumerated from the first to the fourth. In chapter 2, only the political aspects of world dominion are portrayed, in chapter 7 earthly governments are introduced in their relationship to God's truth and God's people Lion with 2 eagle's wings (Babylon the head of gold in Daniel 2) the wings represent swiftness at war. The heart of a man represent when Nebuchadnezzar became insane for 7 years Bear raised on one side and three ribs in its mouth (Breast & arms of silver : Medo/Persia)
3 ribs represent the 3 provinces of Babylon, Lydia, and Egypt, which were especially oppressed by Medo-Persia. Like a bear, the Medes/Persians where cruel and and rapacious, robbers and spoilers of the people This Medo-Persian kingdom continued from the overthrow of Babylon by Cyrus to the battle of Arbela in 331 BC, a period of 207 years.

8.

Leopard with 4 wings and 4 heads (Greece)

The conquests of Greece under Alexander had no parallel in ancient times for suddenness and rapidity After the death of Alexander the Great his kingdom was divided among his 4 top generals Cassander had Macedonia and Greece in the west; Lysimachus had Thrace and the parts of Asia on the Hellespont and the Bosphorus in the north; Ptolemy received Egypt, Lydia, Arabia, Palestine, and Coele-Syria in the south; Seleucus had Syria and all the rest of Alexander's dominions in the east

9.

Dreadful beast with iron teeth and 10 horns (Pagan Rome) The little (Papal Rome) horn grew from the 10 horns and removed 3 horns The three horns removed are the Heruli, the Ostrogoths, and the Vandals.reomved for their opposition to the teachings and claims of the papal hierarchy The horn had eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things representing the shrewdness, penetration, and arrogant claims of an apostate religious organization The rest of the beasts had their dominion taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time, except the 4th beast which was destroyed utterly. The territory and subjects of the Babylonian kingdom still existed, though made subject to the Persians. So with the Persian kingdom in respect to Greece, and Greece in respect to Rome

10.

The Little Horn The little horn was a small kingdom that was to rise but it was a different type of kingdom differenet from the 10 political kingdoms For the first few centuries of the Christian Era, Rome was the largest, richest, and most powerful city in the world. It was the seat of empire, the capital of the nations. Consequently because of the riches of Rome, the bishops of Rome where held in higher esteem than bishops from other cities.

The 3 horns plucked out by the little horn where Heruli in AD 493, the Vandals, in 534, and the Ostrogoths finally in though effective opposition by the latter to the decree of Justinian ceased when they were driven from Rome by Belisarius in 583, 11. Speak Great Words Against the Most High. The Catholic church places the Pope to be the vicar of God, the same as God with the ability to forgive sins, declare saint-hood, infabillity of the pope and the most holy. 12. The little horn wearing out the saints The persecutions of Christians by the Catholic church during the dark ages, the inquisition, persecution of the Waldenses, Albigenses, protestants and heretics. 13. Little Horn to "Think to Change Times and Laws."

Rome has added the 2nd commandment of the Decalogue to the first, making them one, dividing the 10th into two, making the ninth forbid the coveting of a neighbor's wife, and the tenth that of a neighbor's property thus making up the full number ten. Changed the sabbath day from Saturday to Sunday
14.

A Time and Times and the Dividing of Time

A time is one year, times -2 years & half a time is half a year (Daniel 4: 23) 3 and half times = 3 and half years (1 solar year = 360 days) Symbolic prophecy 1 day = 1 year. (Ezekiel 4: 6; Numbers 14: 34.) = 1260 days =1260 years

15. The beginning of the 1260 years

The edict of the emperor Justinian, dated AD 533, made the bishop of Rome the head of all the churches. But this edict could not go into effect until the Arian Ostrogoths, the last of the three horns that were plucked up to make room for the papacy, were driven from Rome; and this was accomplished in AD 538.
538 + 1260 = 1798 16. The mortal wound in 1798, Berthier a French army general entered Rome, proclaimed it a republic and took the pope prisoner inflicting a deadly wound upon the papacy. 17. The Judgment Shall Sit/The judgment was set. Verse 10 The opening of the investiventive judgment scene is located by the prophecy at the close of the great prophetic period of 2300 years, which terminated in 1844. (See comments on Daniel 9: 2527.) 18. Healing of the deadly wound The overthrow of the papacy in 1798 marked the conclusion of the prophetic period of 1260 years, and constituted the "deadly wound," prophesied in Revelation 13: 3 to come upon this power; but this deadly wound was to be "healed."

Daniel 8 : VISION OF THE RAM, HE GOAT AND LITTLE HORN 1. The first year of Belshazzar was B.C.540, his 3rd year was 538, Daniel was about 20 years of age in B.C.606 in the 3rd year of Belshazzar he was around 88 years old. This vision was given to Daniel at Shushan was the capital of the province of Elam. 2. Ram with two horns (one horn higher than the other) -Kings of Media and Persia

 Persia being at first an ally of the Medes, but later came to be the leading division of the empire 3. He-goat with a notable horn between the eyes -Greece the Grecian/Macedonian people where also known as the AEgeada or goats people, with the city of Aegeae, or Aegae, being the usual burying-place of the Macedonian kings. Greece was west of Persia and the notable horn was Greece's first King, Alexander the Great Alexander first vanquished the generals of Darius at the River Granicus in Phrygia; he next attacked and totally routed Darius at the passes of Issus in Cilicia, and afterward on the plains of Arbela in Syria. This last battle occurred in B.C.331, and marked the conclusion of the Persian empire, for by this event Alexander became complete master of the whole country. 4. 4 horns came out of the he-goat Alexander fell in the prime of life and after his death his brother Philip Aridaeus became King in the place of Alexander's infant sons (Alexander AEgus and Hercules) The new king and his nephews where soon murdered and later a civil war ensured between his chief commanders of the army, resulting in 4 commanders dividing the Grecian empire among themselves 1. Cassander, who had Greece (western) -Macedonia including Asia Minor 2. Lysimachus, who had Asia Minor (north) -Thrace 3. Seleucus, who had Syria and Babylon (east) -Syria 4. Ptolemy, son of Lagus, who had Egypt including Hellespont and Bosphorus (south) -Egypt 5. A little horn (Rome) came out of the 4 horns-the little horn was a distinct and independent power from thee 4 horns spread to the south, east and pleasant lands little horn waxed exceeding great : the little horn must surpass Babylon, Medo-Persia and Greece The little horn was to stand up against the Prince of princes (Jesus Christ -Dan.9:25; Acts.3:15; Rev.1:5.)- so it was a power that was present during Jesus's time. The power that succeeded Greece in Nebuchdnezzar's dream of Daniel 2 andDanielss vision of Daniel 7 was Rome, meaning the little horn is Rome The little horn comes forth from one of the horns of the goat Rome became connected with the Jews, the people of God at that time, by the famous Jewish League, B.C.161 . But seven years before this, in B.C.168, Rome had conquered Macedonia, and made that country a part of its empire. Rome is therefore introduced into prophecy just as, from the conquered Macedonian horn of the goat, it is going forth to new conquests in other directions. It therefore appeared to the prophet, or may be properly spoken of in this prophecy, as coming forth from one of the horns of the goat. The little horn waxed great toward the south. This was true of Rome. Egypt was made a province of the Roman empire B.C.30, and continued such for some centuries. The little horn waxed great toward the east. This also was true of Rome. Rome conquered Syria B.C.65, and made it a province. The little horn waxed great toward the pleasant land. So did Rome. Judea is called the pleasant

land in many scriptures. The Romans made it a province of their empire, B.C.63, and eventually destroyed the city and the temple, and scattered the Jews over the face of the whole earth. The little horn waxed great even to the host of heaven, the great red dragon (Rev.12:4) is said to have cast down a third part of the stars of heaven to the ground. The dragon is there interpreted to symbolize pagan Rome, and the stars it cast to the ground were Jewish rulers. The little horn magnified himself even to the Prince of the host. Rome alone did this. In the interpretation (verse 25) this is called standing up against the Prince of princes. How clear an allusion to the crucifixion of our Lord under the jurisdiction of the Romans. By the little horn the daily sacrifice was taken away. This little horn must be understood to symbolize Rome in its entire history including its two phases, pagan and papal. These two phases are elsewhere spoken of as the "daily" (sacrifice is a supplied word) and the "transgression of desolation;" the daily (desolation) signifying the pagan form, and the transgression of desolation, the papal. In the actions ascribed to this power, sometimes one form is spoken of, sometimes the other. "By him" (the papal form) "the daily" (the pagan form) "was taken away." Pagan Rome was remodeled into papal Rome. And the place of his sanctuary, or worship, the city of Rome, was cast down. The seat of government was removed by Constantine in A.D.330 to Constantinople. This same transaction is brought to view in Rev.13:2, where it is said that the dragon, pagan Rome, gave to the beast, papal Rome, his seat, the city of Rome. A host was given him (the little horn) against the daily. The barbarians that subverted the Roman empire in the changes, attritions, and transformations of those times, became converts to the Catholic faith, and the instruments of the dethronement of their former religion. Though conquering Rome politically, they were themselves vanquished religiously by the theology of Rome, and became the perpetrators of the same empire in another phase. And this was brought about by reason of "transgression;" that is, by the working of the mystery of iniquity. 6. Verses 13-14 "How long the vision [concerning] the continuance and the transgression of desolation?" "The continuance of desolation and the transgression of desolation." "the transgression of desolation" is meant the papacy Rome in its first phase was pagan; these all were embraced in the "daily." Then comes the papal form, - the "transgression of desolation" 7. I will overturn, overturn, overturn it: and it shall be no more, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him." Eze.21:25- 27,31. Subjugation of Israek under Babylon, Medo-Persia, Grecians and lastly under the Romans, corresponding to the three times the word is repeated by the prophet. 8. Verse 23-25 King of fierce countenance (Deut.28:49,50 ) When the transgressors are come to the full.. At no time were the Jews more corrupt morally, as a nation, than at the time they came under the jurisdiction of the Romans. Mighty, but not by his own power : The success of the Romans was owing largely to the aid of their allies, and divisions among their enemies, of which they were ever ready to take advantage. "He shall destroy wonderfully." The slaughter of eleven hundred thousand Jews at the

destruction of Jerusalem by the Roman army, was a terrible confirmation of the prophet's words. And through his policy also he shall cause craft to prosper in his hand." Rome has been distinguished above all other powers for a policy of craft, by means of which it brought the nations under its control. Stand up against the Prince of princes, by giving sentence of death against Jesus Christ. "But he shall be broken without hand," an expression which identifies the destruction of this power with the smiting of the image of chapter 2. 9. Verse 26 "The vision of the evening and the morning" is that of the 2300 days. Daniel 9 : SEVENTY WEEKS "If any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me." Rev.3:20. 1. The events of this chapter occurred in B.C.538, the 70 years of captivity foretold in Jer.25:12;29:10 started B.C.606. Intepretation of the vision in Chapter 8 2. Daniel, "For thou art greatly beloved." , Abraham the "friend of God;" and Enoch "walked with God." 3. 70 weeks = 490 days of the 2300, were cut off upon, or allotted to, Jerusalem and the Jews; and the events which were to be consummated within that period are briefly stated. Year day principle (Eze.4:6; Num.14:34) The transgression was to be finished; that is, the Jewish people were to fill up the cup of their iniquity, which they did in the rejection and crucifixion of Christ. An end of sins, or of sin- offerings, was to be made. This took place when the great offering was made on Calvary. Reconciliation for iniquity was to be provided. This was made by the sacrificial death of the Son of God. Everlasting righteousness was to be brought in; the righteousness which our Lord manifested in his sinless life. 4. Thus this first division of the 2300 days bring us to the commencement of the service in the first apartment of the heavenly sanctuary, as the whole period brings us to the commencement of the service in the second apartment, or most holy place, of that sanctuary. 5. 70 weeks start from the going forth of the commandment to restore and build Jerusalem The decree of Ezra in the seventh of Artaxerxes, B.C.457, is the point from which to date the seventy weeks. The two previous decrees were preparatory and preliminary to this; and indeed they are regarded by Ezra as parts of it, the three being taken as one great whole. For in Ezra 6:14, we read: "And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes, king of Persia." In 457 B.C., a decree was granted to Ezra by the Persian emperor Artaxerxes Longimanus to go up to Jerusalem and restore the Jewish state, civil and ecclesiastical, according to

the law of God and the ancient customs of that people. 6. 69 weeks (483 years) to the Messiah that is B.C.457, they end in A.D.27 Luke3:21,22 and Mark1:14,15.-Jesus begins his public ministry- -Christs baptism aged 30 years. Christ was born between three and four years before the beginning of the Christian era, marked as A.D.1. 7. The crucifixion of Jesus Jesus attended 4 passover from the time of his public ministry (John 2:13; 5:1; 6:4; 13:1) the last passover he attended was when he was crucified. Autumn of A.D.27 (start of Jesus public ministry) 1st passover spring A.D.28; 2nd passover A.D.29; 3rd passover A.D.30 4th passover A.D.31. That is 3 years of his public ministry corresponding with the time he would be cut off in the midst, or middle, of the seventieth week. As that week of years commenced in the autumn of A.D.27, the middle of the week would occur three and one half years later, in the spring of 31, where the crucifixion took place. 8. End of the 70 weeks 3 years forward, we are brought to the autumn of A.D.34, as the end of the 70 weeks This date is marked by the martyrdom of Stephen, the formal rejection of the gospel of Christ by the Jewish Sanhedrin in the persecution of his disciples, and the turning of the apostles to the Gentiles. These are just the events which one would expect to take place when that specified period which was cut off for the Jews, and allotted to them as a peculiar people, should fully expire. 9. The seventy weeks are but the first 490 years of the 2300. Take 490 from 2300, and there remain 1810. The 490, as we have seen, ended in the autumn of A.D.34. If to this date we now add the remaining 1810 years, we shall have the termination of the whole period. Thus, to A.D.34, autumn, add 1810, and we have the autumn of A.D.1844. 10. The 2300 years started in 457 B.C. and ended in A.D.1844, whilst the first 49 years were allotted to the building of the street and wall, we learn that the period is to be dated, not from the starting of Ezra from Babylon, but from the actual commencement of the work at Jerusalem; which it is not probable could be earlier than the seventh month (autumn) of 457, as he did not arrive at Jerusalem till the fifth month of that year. Ezra 7:9. The whole period would therefore extend to the seventh month, autumn, Jewish time, of 1844.

Daniel 10 : DANIEL'S LAST VISION 1. 3rd year of Cyrus was B.C.534, 6 years since Daniel's vision of the four beasts in the first year of Belshazzar, B.C.540, 4 years since the vision of the ram, he-goat, little horn, and 2300 days of chapter 8, in the 3rd year of Belshazzar, B.C.538; 4 years since the instruction given to Daniel respecting the seventy weeks, in the first year of Darius, B.C.538, as recorded in chapter 9. 2. Daniel was trying to understand the vision of chapter 9 and as the result of his prayer, he now receives more minute information respecting the events included in the great outlines of his former visions. 3. The prophet had this vision at the place where the River Hiddekel, Euphrates and the Tigris meet 4. The 3rd year of Cyrus was Daniel's 73rd year in captivity, since he was a youth when taken into captivity being at least 19-20 years, he was now more than 90 years of age. 5. Michael is "He who is like God;" and the Christ is the one who bears this name. Jude (verse 9) declares that Michael is the archangel. Archangel. 6. In 1 Thess.4:16, when the Lord appears the second time to raise the dead, the voice of the archangel is heard. Whose voice is heard when the dead are raised? - The voice of the Son of God. John 5:28. Putting these scriptures together, they prove, the dead are called from their graves by the voice of the Son of God the voice which is then heard is the voice of the archangel, proving that the archangel is called Michael from which it follows that Michael is the Son of God. In the last verse of Daniel 10, he is called "your prince," and in the first chapter 12, "the great prince which standeth for the

children of thy people," expressions which can appropriately be applied to Christ, but to no other being.

Daniel 11 : A LITERAL PROPHECY

1.

Successors to Cyrus Cambyses (son of Cyrus) Smerdis (an imposter) Darius Hystaspes Xerxes (4th King after Cyrus) -famous for his riches, he had a very large army of over 5

2.

million men. He invaded Greece but was defeated. After Xerxex there where 9 more Persian Kings, the last being who was defeated by Alexander the Great the Grecian. He died abruptly from a fiver induced by a drinking spree, the Grecian empire was divided among his 4 generals. Looking from the native land of the prophet Daniel (Palestine) the 4 divisions of the Grecian empire where. Greece under Cassander in the west Thrace including Asion Minor, Hellenspont & Bosphorus under Lysimachus in the east Syria & Babylon under Seleucus in the east Egypt under Ptolemy in the south The King of the South and the King of the North The first divisions of the Grecian empire determines the identity of the Kings of the

3.

respective areas, so whatever power at any time should occupy the territory which at first constituted the kingdom of the north, that power, so long as it occupied that territory, would be the king of the north; and whatever power should occupy that which at first constituted the kingdom of the south, that power would so long be the king of the south. Cassander was conquered by Lysimachus, and his kingdom, Greece and Macedon, annexed to Thrace. And Lysimachus was in turn conquered by Seleucus, and Macedon and Thrace annexed to Syria. King of the South (Egypt) King of the North (Syria) Verse 5 The King of the south (Egypt) shall be strong Ptolemy annexed Cyprus, Phonecia, Caria, Cyrene and many islands to Egypt making the King of the South strong. One of his princes. Shall be strong over him One of the princes of Alexander shall be strong above him, refers to Seleucus who annexed Macedon and Thrace to Syria, thus became possessor of three parts out of four of Alexander's dominion, and established a more powerful kingdom than that of Egypt. 5. Verse 6 Ptolemy Philadelphus, the 2nd king of Egypt & Antiochus Theos, 3rd king of Syria agreed to make peace upon condition that Antiochus Theos should put away his former wife, Laodice, and her two sons, and marry Berenice, the daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus.
4.

But she shall not retain the power of the arm In a fit of love, Antiochus brought back his former wife, Laodice, and her children, to court again Neither shall he [Antiochus] stand, nor his arm,or seed. Laodice then caused her husband Antiochus to be poisoned shortly being restored fearing that she would be humiliated by being replaced by Berenice again.. Neither did his seed by Berenice succeed him in the kingdom; for Laodice so managed affairs as to secure the throne for her eldest son, Seleucus Callinicus. But she {Berenice] shall be given up Laodice, not content with poisoning her husband, Antiochus, caused Berenice to be murdered together with her Egyptian attendants and her son Verses 7-9 The branch out of the same root with Berenice was her brother Ptolemy Euergetes who succeeded his father as King of the South (Egypt) At this time the King of the North (Syria) was Seleucus Callinicus who, reigned with his mother, Laodice in Syria Ptolemy Euergetes (King of the South -Egypt) raised a large army and invaded Seleucus Callinicus (King of the North -Syria) to avenge the death of his sister Berenice Ptolemy Euergetes (King of the South -Egypt) prevailed against Seleucus Callinicus (King of the North -Syria) taking a large portion of their kingdom including Cilicia, the upper parts beyond the Euphrates, and almost all Asia.

6.

7.

But hearing that a revolt was raised in Egypt (Kingdom of the South) he returned to Egypt after plundering the Syria (Kingdom of the North), taking forty thousand talents of silver and precious vessels, and two thousand five hundred images of the gods. Among the treasuries he took were the images which Cambyses had formerly taken from Egypt and carried into Persia. If Ptolemy had not been recalled into Egypt by a domestic sedition, he would have possessed the whole kingdom of Seleucus. Ptolemy Euergetes (King of the South -Egypt) survived Seleucus Callinicus (King of the North -Syria) by 4/5 years; for Seleucus Callinicus died in exile, of a fall from his horse. Verse 10

The sons of Seleucus Callinicus (King of the North -Syria) where Seleucus Ceraunus and Antiochus Magnus. The elder of these Seleucus Ceranus (King of the North-Syria) first took the throne and assembled a great army to recover his father's territories lost Ptolemy Euergetes (King of the South -Egypt) but lost, he was poisoned by two of his generals after an inglorious reign of two or three years. His more capable brother, Antiochus Magnus (King of the North-Syria) became king and retook Seleucia and recovered Syria, making himself master of some places by treaty, and of others by force of arms. A truce followed, wherein after which Antiochus returned and overcame in battle Nicolas, the Egyptian general. 8. Verse 11 Ptolemy Philopater succeeded his father Ptolemy Euergetes (King of the South -Egypt) Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria) raised up a great army against Ptolemy Philopater ( King of the South -Egypt) to revenge for the losses he had sustained against Egypt, he was defeated with the majority of his soldiers being either slain or taken captive. 9. Verse 12 Ptolemy Philopater (King of the South -Egypt) made peace started living a life of feasting, his own subjects rebelled against him. He went to Jerusalem wanted to enter the most holy place of the Jewish temple, he was restrained and left Jerusalem burning with anger against the Jews, and immediately started persecuting Jews in Alexandria he killed over 40 thousand Jews The rebellion of the Egyptians, and the massacre of the Jews, certainly were not calculated to strengthen him in his kingdom, but were sufficient rather almost totally to ruin it. 10. Verse 13 The peace between Ptolemy Philopater (King of the South -Egypt) and Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria) lasted 14 years. Meanwhile Ptolemy died from intemperance and debauchery, and was succeeded by his son, Ptolemy Epiphanes , a child then four or five years old. Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria) raised a large army against Ptolemy Epiphanes (King of the South -Egypt) using the forces and riches he had collected in his eastern expedition 11. Verse 14

Agathocles was the prime minister of the young Ptolemy Philopater (King of the South

-Egypt), and some of the provinces subject to Egypt rebelled under him, Egypt itself was disturbed

by seditions; and the Alexandrians where rising up against Agathocles resulting in Ptolemy Philopater (King of the South -Egypt), his sister, his mother, and their associates, to be put to death. At the same time, Philip, king of Macedon, entered into a league with Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria) to divide the dominions of Ptolemy Philopater (King of the South -Egypt) between them. "the robbers of thy people;" or "the breakers of thy people." was is Rome The Romans interfered in behalf of the young king of Egypt, determined that he should be protected from the ruin devised by Antiochus and Philip in B.C.200, and was one of the first important interferences of the Romans in the affairs of Syria and Egypt. "To establish the vision." refers to the first interference of the Romans in the affairs of Syria and Egypt as demonstration, of the truth of the vision which predicted the existence of such a power.

12.

"But they shall fall." Verse 15

"VERSE 15. So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount, and take the most fenced cities: and the arms of the south shall not withstand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there by any strength to withstand." Ptolemy Philopater (King of the South -Egypt) was placed under the tutelage of M. Emilius Lepidus by the Roman Senate who appointed Aristomenes, an old and experienced minister of that court as his guardian. Aristomenes (guardian of the King of the South -Egypt) dispatched Scopas a famous general of Aetolia who marched into Palestine and Coele and placed all Judea into subjection to the authority of Egypt. Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria) was at this time engaged in a war with Attalus in Lesser Asia but had to stop from his war with Attalus so that he could recover Palestine and Coele-Syria from the hands of the Egyptians. The armies of Scopas (mercenary for the King of the South -Egypt) and Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria) met near the sources of the Jordan, resulting in Scopas being defeated and besieged in Sidon and there closely besieged. Although Sidon was both in its situation and its defenses, one of the strongest cities of those times, Scopas and his 10 thousand men were forced to surrender. Here was the failure of the arms of the south to withstand, and the failure also of the people which the king of the south had chosen; namely, Scopas and his AEtolian forces. 13. Verse 16 Although Egypt could not stand before Antiochus Magnus (King of the North -Syria), Antiochus could not stand before the Romans, who now came against him resulting in Syria being conquered and added to the Roman empire in B.C.65 by when Pompey Rome became connected with the people of God (the Jews) by alliance in B.C.162 In in B.C.63, Hyrcanus and Aristobulus who were struggling for the crown of Judea brought their matter before Pompey, whilst he delayed deliberating on the matter, Aristobulus armed his subjects to keep the crown.

14.

15.

Pompey then marched on Judea, resulting in the slaughter of 12 000 Jews, the demolition of the walls of Jerusalem, transfer of several cities from the jurisdiction of Judea to that of Syria, and imposition of a tax on the Jews. Thus for the first time was Jerusalem placed by conquest in the hands of that power which was to hold the "glorious land" in its iron grasp till it had utterly consumed it. Verse 17 Rome had conquered Syria, Judea and had previously conquered Macedon and Thrace. Egypt was now all that remained of the "whole kingdom" of Alexander, not brought into subjection to the Roman power, which power now set its face to enter by force into that country. Ptolemy Auletes ( King of the South -Egypt) died B.C.51 and in his will he placed his eldest son and daughter, Ptolemy and Cleopatra to reign together under the guardianship of the Roman Senate. The two were placed under the guardianship Pompey by the Romans Senate. A quarrel broken out between Pompey and Caesar, the famous battle of Pharsalia was fought between the two generals. Pompey was defeated, he fled to Egypt where he was murdered by Ptolemy, whose guardian he had been appointed. Caesar then took over the guardianship of the two siblings and landed in Alexandria with his small force, 800 horse and 3200 foot. Ptolemy and Cleopatra began to fight against each other resulting in Pompey ordering the two siblings to disband their armies, appear before him for a settlement of their differences, and abide by his decision angering Egypt which was an independent kingdom Cleopatra seduced Caesar who gave her the throne after Pothinus (the chief minister of state) started a rebellion against Caesar resulting in Caesar sending in his soldiers. The Egyptians under Pothinus tried to destroy Caesars fleet, but Caesar destroyed the Egyptian fleet, the resultant fire caught on to several buildings of the city took fire including the famous Alexandrian library, containing nearly 400,000 volumes Caesar brought in soldiers from Asia Minor and Antipater the Idumean joined him with 3,000 Jews resulting in a decisive battle being fought near the Nile, resulting in a complete victory for Caesar. Ptolemy, attempting to escape, was drowned in the river. Alexandria and all Egypt then submitted to the victor. Rome had now entered into and absorbed the whole of the original kingdom of Alexander. By the "upright ones" of the text are doubtless meant the Jews, who gave him the assistance already mentioned. With out this, he must have failed; with it, he completely subdued Egypt to his power, B.C.47. The reason why Caesar went into a dangerous war with Egypt was because of the daughter of women, corrupting her, that is his love for Cleopatra "But," said the prophet, "she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him." Cleopatra afterward joined herself to Antony, the enemy of Augustus Caesar, and exerted her whole power against Rome. Verse 18

War with Pharnaces (King of Cimmerian Bosphorus) drew Caesar away from Egypt, when he came back to Egypt he defeated the Antony 16. Verse 19 After this conquest, Caesar defeated the last remaining fragments of Pompey's party, Cato and Scipio in Africa and Labienus and Varus in Spain.

Returning to Rome, the "fort of his own land," he was made absolute sovereign of the whole Roman empire.

 Julius Caesar was murdered whilst seated on his throne in the senate chamber by Cassius, Brutus, and other conspirators who pierced him with twenty-three wounds. Thus he suddenly stumbled and fell, and was not found, B.C.44. 17. Verse 20 Augustus Octavianus Caesar succeeded his uncle Julius Caesar and formed an alliance with Mark Antony and Lepidus to avenge the death of Caesar forming a triumvirate form of government. Subsequently Mark Antony and Lepidus died and Augustus Caesar became the sole ruler of the Roman empire. Augustus Caesar was a raiser of taxes. Luke, in speaking of the events that transpired at the time when Christ was born, says: "And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be enrolled [for taxation]." Luke2:1. That taxing which embraced all the world was an event worthy of notice; and the person who enforced it has certainly a claim to the title of "a raiser of taxes" above every other competitor. August Caesar was ruler of the Roman empire during its pinnacle of greatness and power. The "Augustan Age" is an expression everywhere used to denote the golden age of Roman history. Rome never saw a brighter hour. During the reign of August Caesar Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, 18 years after the taxing brought in Luke 2:1 Augustus died peacefully in his bed, at Nola, whither he had gone to seek repose and health in A.D. 14 aged 76. 18. Verse 21 Tiberius Caesar aged 28 years succeeded Augustus Caesar on the Roman throne, he was his stepson with his wife Livia who campaigned vigorously to have her son nominated Augustus Caesars reign, who preferred Agrippa but he died before his father who subsequently chose Tiberius Tiberius Caesar was vile resulting in the Romans not giving him much honor, but whilst his father was still alive he ingratiated himself using flattery to the people. Tiberius was a tyrant and during his reign many of his enemies where poisoned or died in mysterious circumstances including Germanicus and Drusus. Tiberius retired in A.D.26 to the isle of Capreae, in the bay of Naples, never to return to Rome. 19. Verse 22 "And the arms of the overflower shall be overflown from before him, and shall be broken." Tiberius (the overflower) was suffocated with pillows by Macro in Micenum on the 16th of March, 37 aged 78 in the 23rd year of his reign The prince of the covenant" unquestionably refers to Jesus Christ, "the Messiah the Prince," who was to "confirm the covenant" one week with his people. Dan.9:25-27. Jesus died during the reign of Tiberius Caesar cutting off of the Prince of the covenant. Luke informs us (3:1-3) in the 15th year if Tiberius Caesar, John the Baptist commenced his ministry. The reign of Tiberius started when he reigned jointly with Augustus, his step-father, in August, A.D.12. His fifteenth year would therefore be from August, A.D.26, to August, A.D.27. Christ was six months younger than John, and started his ministry 6 months later, both, according to the law of the priesthood, entering upon their work when they were thirty years of age.

 John the baptist started his ministry in the spring, at the end of Tiberius's 15th year, it would bring the commencement of Christ's ministry in the autumn of A.D.27, this is also when he was baptized, 483 years from B.C.457, the point at which Jesus started proclaiming that the time was fulfilled. 3 years from AD 27, Jesus was crucified, since Jesus attended 4 passover, and was crucified at the last one. 3 years from the autumn of A.D.27 bring us to the spring of A.D.31. The death of Tiberius is placed but six years later, in A.D.37. 20. Verse 23 g The "him" is the Roman power mentioned from the 14th verse specifically the rulers Julius, Augustus, and Tiberius Caesar. Julius Caesar was a raiser of taxes; and he reigned in the glory of the kingdom, and died neither in anger nor in battle, but peacefully in his own bed. Tiberius Caesar was a dissembler, and one of the vilest of characters. He entered upon the kingdom peaceably, but both his reign and life were ended by violence. And in his reign the Prince of the covenant, Jesus of Nazareth, was put to death upon the cross. Christ can never be broken or put to death again; hence in no other government, and at no other time, can we find a fulfilment of these events. The Jews being grievously oppressed by the Syrian kings joined themselves in with the Romans through a Roman decree written by Eupolemus the son of John, and by Jason, the son of Eleazer, when Judas was high priest of the nation, and Simon, his brother, was general of the army. And this was the first league that the Romans made with the Jews. At this time the Romans were a small people, and began to work with cunning rising steadily to the height of power which they afterward attained. 21. Verse 24 The usual manner in which nations conquered other nations was through war and conquest, Rome conquered through peaceful means. Kings left a legacy of their kingdoms to the Romans resulting in Rome coming into possession of large provinces in this manner. Those who came under the dominion of Rome derived no small advantage therefrom, they were treated with kindness and leniency. It was like having the prey and spoil distributed among them. They were protected from their enemies, and rested in peace and safety under the aegis of the Roman power. The Romans forecasted devices from strongholds, instead of against them, this the Romans did from the strong fortress of their seven-hilled city. "Even for a time;" doubtless a prophetic time, 360 years. From what point are these years to be dated? Probably from the event brought to view in the following verse. 22. Verse 25 Verses 23 & 24 shows the history from the league between the Jews and the Romans in B.C 161 to the time when Rome had acquired universal dominion. Mark Antony, Augustus Caesar, and Lepidus constituted the triumvirate which had sworn to avenge the death of Julius Caesar. Antony became the brother-in-law of Augustus by marrying his sister, Octavia.

 Antony was sent into Egypt on government business, but was seduced by Cleopatra, Egypt's dissolute queen causing him to reject his wife Octavia and give provinces to Egypt which where under Rome This resulted in a war between Egypt and Rome with Antony on the side of Egypt Lepidus was deposed from the triumvirate, leaving Antony and Augustus to fight for control of the Roman empire. Antony assembled 500 ships of war at Samos with 200 000 foot soldiers and 12 000 horses with the help of the kings of Libya, Cilicia, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Comagena, Thrace, Pontus, Judea, Lycaonia, Galatia, and Media Caesar Augustus assembled his fleet at Brundusium with half as many ships as Antony, and only eighty thousand foot, but all his troops were chosen men, and on board his fleet were none but experienced seamen The battle was fought Sept.2, B.C.31, at the mouth of the gulf of Ambracia, near the city of Actium. Cleopatra seeing the din of battle, fled with the whole of the Egyptian fleet, Antony, followed with blind passion for Cleopatra and yielded a victory to Caesar. This battle between Egypt and Rome denoted the start of the "time" mentioned in verse 24, during this "time" Rome would no longer be considered the seat of government. 360 years from B.C.31 brings us to A.D.330 when the seat of empire was removed from Rome to Constantinople by Constantine the Great. 23. Verse 26. Antony lost the battle because he was deserted by his allies and friends (those that fed of the portion of his meat) First, Cleopatra withdrew from the battle, taking sixty ships of the line with her. Secondly, the land army, disgusted with the infatuation of Antony, went over to Caesar. Thirdly, when Antony arrived at Libya, he found that the forces which he had there left under Scarpus to guard the frontier, had declared for Caesar. Fourthly, being followed by Caesar into Egypt, he was betrayed by Cleopatra, and his forces surrendered to Caesar. Hereupon, in rage and despair, he took his own life. 24. Verse 27 Antony and Caesar were formerly in alliance, yet under the garb of friendship they were both aspiring for universal dominion. Octavia, the wife of Antony and sister of Caesar, declared to the people of Rome at the time Antony divorced her, that she had consented to marry him solely with the hope that it would prove a pledge of union between Caesar and Antony. But that counsel did not prosper. The rupture came; and in the conflict that ensued, Caesar came off entirely victorious. 25. Verse 28 Two returnings from foreign conquest are here brought to view; the first The first was fulfilled in the return of Caesar after his expedition against Egypt and Antony. He

returned to Rome with abundant honor and riches. Cleopatra was bitten by the fatal asp The next great enterprise of the Romans after the overthrow of Egypt, was the expedition against Judea, and the capture and destruction of Jerusalem. The holy covenant is the covenant which God has maintained with his people, the Jews rejected Christ and according to the prophecy all who would not hear that prophet should be cut off The Jews were destroyed out of their own land, and scattered to every nation under heaven Under Vespasian the Romans invaded Judea, and took the cities of Galilee, Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, where Christ had been rejected, they destroyed the inhabitants, and left nothing but ruin and desolation. Titus besieged Jerusalem in AD 70 for 5 months resulting in a terrible famine that resulted in the death of 11 000 Jews and 97 000 being taken prisoners. The duration of the whole war was seven years, and one million four hundred and sixty-two thousand (1,462,000) persons are said to have fallen victims to its awful horrors. Thus this power performed great exploits, and again returned to his own land. 26. Verse 29 The time appointed is the prophetic time of verse 24 which closed in A.D.330, the seat of the empire was removed from Rome to Constantinople signalling the downfall of the Roman empire. When Constantine died the Roman empire was divided into three parts, between his three sons Constantius Constantine II Constans. Constantine II and Constans quarreled, and Constans, being victor, gained the supremacy of the whole West. He was soon slain by one of his commanders, who, in turn, was shortly after defeated by the surviving emperor, and in despair ended his own days in A.D.353. The barbarians of the North now began their incursions, and extended their conquests till the imperial power of the West expired in A.D.476. 27. Verse 30 The land of Chittim is Carthage where a naval war was waged by the Vandals against the Roman empire under Genseric between A.D.428-468 "He shall be grieved and return" refers to the desperate efforts which were made to dispossess Genseric of the sovereignty of the seas, the first by Majorian and then by Leo which saw Rome submit to the humiliation of seeing its provinces ravaged, and its "eternal city" pillaged by the enemy. Indignation against the covenant;" refers to the Heruli, Goths, and Vandals, who conquered Rome, and embraced the Arian faith, and became enemies of the Catholic Church. It was to exterminate this heresy that Justinian decreed the pope to be the head of the church and the corrector of heretics resulting in Bible being regarded as a dangerous book that should not be read by the common people, but all questions in dispute were to be submitted to the pope.

 Thus was indignity heaped upon God's word. And the emperors of Rome, the eastern division of which still continued, had intelligence, or connived with the Church of Rome, which had forsaken the covenant, and constituted the great apostasy, for the purpose of putting down "heresy." The man of sin was raised to his presumptuous throne by the defeat of the Arian Goths, who then held possession of Rome in A.D.538. Verse 31 "And they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength," or Rome referring to The barbarians ( Goths and Vandals) that plundered Rome and the removal of the seat of empire from Rome to Constantinople The daily, or paganism, taken away in AD 508 when Constantine became a Christian, as preparatory to the setting up of the papacy. In AD 533 Justinian declared the pope in Rome as the head of the universal church, the decree was only put into place after the Arian Ostrogoths where rooted out of Italy and Rome under Belisariu in 536. Next in line where the Goths which were rooted out in 537 and this must therefore be taken as the year when this abomination was placed, or set up, and as the point from which to date the predicted 1260 years of its supremacy. VERSE 32 Those that respect the decrees of the pope more than the word of God shall be corrupted, but there will be a group of people who will remain tru to their God, these are the Christians of the dark ages, prominent among them the Waldenses, Albigenses and the Huguenots. Verse 33 The persecution of the Christains by the catholic church as outlined in Dan.7:25; 12:7; Rev.12:6,14; 13:5. The time period of persecution is referred to as "a time, times, and the dividing of time;" "a time, times and a half;" "a thousand two hundred and three-score days;" and "forty and two months." It is the 1260 years of papal supremacy. Verse 35 When the time of the end should come, the power of the Church of Rome possessed to persecute heretics would be taken away The the time of the end commenced in 1798 this is when the papacy was overthrown by the French, and has never since been able to wield the power it before possessed. Verse 36 And the king shall do according to his will should read "A certain king shall do according to his will" This introduces a new power with the following characteristics It must assume the character here delineated near the commencement of the time of the end, to which we were brought down in the preceding verse It must be a wilful power It must be an atheistical power This refers to the French and the French Revolution of 1793 France denied the existence of God and the Bible choosing to pay homage to Liberty, Equality, Virtue and Morality.

28.

29.

30.

31. 32.

33.

The closed churches and prohibited religios wosrhip Verse 37

During the French revolution, France trivialized the marriage institution and changed the 7 day week to a 10 day week . 34. Verse 38 The attempt to make France a godless nation caused so much anarchy that the rulers as a political necessity introduced the worship of the Goddess of Reason in 1794. 35. VERSE 39 A form of worship soon followed in which the object of adoration was the "Supreme Being. Before the Revolution the land in France consisted of large estates owned by a few landlords, the estates were required by the law to remain undivided, so that no heirs or creditors could partition them. During the revolution the titles of the nobility were abolished, and their lands disposed of into small parcels and auctioned by the government. To raise funds. As the French saw the futility of the revolution under Napoleon Bonaparte the heathen ritual was abolished resulting in the re-opening of churches and release of Christian ministers from prison. 36. VERSE 40 The king of the south at this time was Egypt, whilst the territory which at first constituted the king of the north was now under the sultan of Turkey. In 1798 the year that marked the beginning of the time of the end there was a war between France, Turkey and Egypt In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt on the pretext of striking at the the English Eastern trade routes. The downfall of the papacy at the end of the 1260 years, and according to verse 35 showed the commencement of the time of the end, occurred on the 10th of February, 1798, when Rome fell into the hands of Berthier, the general of the French. On the 5th of March 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte received the decree for the expedition against Egypt. He left Paris May 3, and set sail from Toulon the 29th and took Alexandra by July 5,

On the 23d the decisive battle of the pyramids was fought where the French defeated the Mamelukes, the next day Bonaparte entered Cairo followed Murad Bey to Upper Egypt taking the whole of Egypt. The English under Nelson at Aboutkir destroyed the French fleet cutting out Napoleon's channel of communication with France Egypt was by now a tributary of Turkey, on hearing of the victory of France over Egypt (King of the South) the sultan of Turkey (King of the North) declared war against France on September 2 1798.. Thus the king of the north (Turkey) came against him (France) in the same year that the king of the south (Egypt) "pushed," and both "at the time of the end:" Napoleon thought he could repel the Turkish (King of the North) army as he had done in conquering Egypt (King of the South) so he set off to Syria starting Feb.27 1799 but the Turkish vast army reinforced by 2 English and Russian ships defeated him and after 60 days, Napoleon retreated on the 21st of May 1799 to Egypt. "shall overflow and pass over," refer to Turkey after it emerged in triumphant against France VERSE 41

37.

 France raised the siege against the Turks at St. Jean d'Acre in Syria and retreated to Cairo abandoning the conquests they had made in Judea and Palestine (the glorious land) resulting in Palestine falling back under the rule of the Turkish sultan. Edom, Moab, and Ammon where out of the line of march of the Turks as they marched from Syria to Egypt so escaped the ravages of that campaign. 38. VERSE 42 Whilst the French were retreating to Egypt a Turkish fleet landed at Aboukir, Napoleon attacked the place routing the Turks and re-establishing his authority in Egypt. Napoleon was then called back to France to help with the France wars in Europe, he left General Kleber in charge of Egypt but he was murdered by a Turk in Cairo and the command was left with Abdallah Manou. After more reinforcement of the Turk troops by English troops the French surrendered Egypt to the Turks. The Egyptians preferred to be under French rule than the Turks, even though they did desire to escape from the hands of the Turks, they could not. 39. VERSE 43 When the French were driven out of Egypt, and the Turks took possession, the sultan permitted the Egyptians to reorganize their government as it was before the French invasion but only required a trinutary of gold and silverto be paid annually by the Egyptians. The Lybians and the Ethiopians also paid tribute to the Turkish sultan. 40. VERSE 44 During the Crimean War of 1853-1856 the Turkish sultan (King of the North) declared war on Russia (north of Turkey) and the Persians (east of Turkey) in 1853 they where later helped by England and France. 41. VERSE 45 And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him. The prophecy in this verse refers to some action to be performed by Turkey to be fulfilled in the future. Palestine is the country that contains the "glorious holy mountain The mountain on which Jerusalem stands, "between the seas," the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean, is a Turkish province The Turks will occupy temporary headquarters in this area The most notable point within the limit of Turkey in Asia, is Jerusalem. "He shall come to his end, and none shall help him." This expression plainly implies that Turkey previously received help. And what are the facts? In the war against France in 1798-1801, England and Russia assisted the sultan. In the war between Turkey and Egypt in 1838-1840, England, Russia, Austria and Prussia intervened in behalf of Turkey. In the Crimean War in 1853-1856, England, France, and Sardinia supported the Turks. In the last Russo-Turkish War, the great powers of Europe interfered to arrest the progress of Russia. And without the help received in all these instances, Turkey would probably have failed to maintain her position. Since the fall of the Ottoman supremacy in 1840, the empire has existed only through the

sufferance of the great powers of Europe. The fulfillment of this prophecy will result in the Turks being forced out of Europe into Jerusalem or some part of the Holy Land. .

Daniel 12 : Unrolling the Scroll of the Future

1.

VERSE 1

A definite time is introduced (not an exact date) that is made definite by the occurrence of a certain event The event is the one referred to by the last verse of Daniel 11, the time when the king of the north (Turkey) shall plant the tabernacles of his palace in the glorious holy mountain (Jerusalem)

In other words, when the Turk, driven from Europe, shall hastily make Jerusalem his temporary When this event takes place, the world comes to an end signified by the 2nd coming of Jesus. Who is Michael Michael is called the archangel in Jude 9 The voice of the archangel is heard from heaven when the dead are raised according to 1 Thessalonians 4:16. In John 5:28 this voice is identified as the voice of Jesus, so Michael is the Son of God. What is the standing up of Michael? As hinted in Daniel 11:2,3 to stand up is to take the kingdom or to reign, so Jesus shall take up the kingdom to reign, ending his intercession on behalf of humanity in the most Holy place, sealing the destiny of all Jesus began his work (investigative judgment) in the most Holy place at the end of the 2300 days. In Matt.24:21 we read of a period of tribulation such as never was before it, nor should be after it. This tribulation, fulfilled in the oppression and slaughter of the church by the papal power, is already past; while the time of trouble of Dan.12:1, is,To avoid difficulty here, let this distinction be carefully noticed: The tribulation spoken of in Matthew is tribulation upon the church (the early Apostolic Christian church), they are the ones involved, and for their sake the days of tribulation were to be shortened. The time of tribulation/trouble Daniel 12:1 is a time of national calamity on the whole world at the close of world history. Culminating in the 2nd coming of Jesus
2.

VERSE 2 "Some [or those] shall awake to shame and everlasting contempt."

The general resurrection of the whole race is comprised in two grand divisions, first, of the righteous exclusively, at the coming of Christ; secondly, of the wicked exclusively, a thousand years thereafter (Revelation.20:5) This resurrection comprises of some of both righteous and wicked, and cannot be the general resurrection at the last day. The resurrection here predicted takes place when God's people are delivered from the great time of trouble with which the history of this world terminates; and it seems from Rev.22:11 that this deliverance is given before the Lord appears. Rev.1:7, Ephesians 4:8 and Matt.27:52,53 outlines a special resurrection of both righteous and unrighteous people who where connected with his crucifixion and resurrection. 3. VERSE 3 And they that be teachers shall shine as the brightness of the firmament;

 Those who teach the truth, and lead others to a knowledge of it, just previous to the time when the events recorded in the foregoing verses are to be fulfilled. 4. VERSE 4 The prophecy just given were to be sealed, that is not easily understood or studied until the time of the end which began in 1798. The plain inference after 1798 the prophecy of Daniel would be better understood and specially studied Knowledge shall increase after 1798 The 19thm 20th and 21st centuries are the age of the increase of knowledge, resulting in many discoveries and invention. Read, in connection with descriptions of the automobile and the railway train, the prophecy of Nahum 2:3,4. The great discoveries are credited to the Christian reformations that brought about the spirit of equality and individual liberty inculcated in the gospel of Christ. There has also been an increase and better understanding about the Bible The time of the end is also depicted in Revelation10:1-2 where a mighty angel is seen to come down from heaven with a little book in his hand open. 5. VERSE 5 "How long shall it be to the end of these wonders? undoubtedly has reference to all that has previously been mentioned including the standing up of Michael, the time of trouble, the deliverance of God's people, and the special and antecedent resurrection of verse 2.

When the question was asked, "How long the vision . . . to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot?" the answer mentioned a definite period of 2300 days, and then an indefinite period of the cleansing of the sanctuary. So in the text before us, there is given the period of a time, times, and a half, or 1260 years, and then an indefinite period for the continuance of the scattering of the power of the holy people,before the consummation. The 1260 years mark the period of papal supremacy. Why is this period here introduced? Probably because this power is the one which does more than any other in the world's history toward scattering the power of the holy people, or oppressing the church of God. "Shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people" The little horn, or man of sin, having been introduced by the 1260 years shows that the little horn is the power referred to by the pronoun he. After his 1 260 years of supremacy his power is still felt to a certain extent, and he continues his work of oppression just as far as he is able till the 2nd coming of Jesus.
6.

VERSE 8

At the time of the end, the Holy Spirit would break the seal from this book The being made white and purified, describes a process through which those, who, during this time, are being made ready for the coming and kingdom of the Lord until characters are

7.

developed which will stand the test of the great day, and a spiritual condition is reached which needs no further trial. VERSE 11

"And from the time that the daily sacrifice shall be taken away to set up [or in order to set up] the abomination that maketh desolate, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days." The daily has already been shown to be paganism (Pagan Rome) which was taken away for the papacy (Papal Rome) to come. Counting back 1290 years from 1798, we have the year 508, where it has been shown that paganism was taken away, thirty years before the setting up of the papacy. This period is doubtless given to show the date of the taking away of the daily, and it is the only one which does this. The two periods, therefore, the 1290 and the 1260 days, terminate together in 1798, the one beginning in 538, and the other in 508, thirty years previous. 8. VERSE 12 The 1335 years are spoken of in immediate connection with the 1290 years, which commenced, in 508 extending to 1843; for 1335 added to 508 The only thing promised at the end of the 1335 days is a blessing unto those who wait and come to that time; that is, those who are then living. In 1843 there was a great proclamation of the 2nd coming of Christ, 45 years before this in 1988 the time of the end started, the book was unsealed and light began to increase About the year 1843, there was a grand culmination of all the light that had been shed on prophetic subjects up to that time. The proclamation went forth in power. The new and stirring doctrine of the setting up of the kingdom of God, shook the world. New life was imparted to the true disciples of Christ. The unbelieving were condemned, the churches were tested, and a spirit of revival was awakened which has had no parallel since. Was this the blessing? Listen to the Saviour's words: "Blessed are your eyes," said he to his disciples, "for they see; and your ears, for they hear." Matt.13:16. And again he told his followers that prophets and kings had desired to see the things which they saw, and had not seen them. But "blessed," said he to them, "are the eyes which see the things that ye see." Luke10:23,24. If a new and glorious truth was a blessing in the days of Christ to those who received it, why was it not equally so in A.D.1843? It may be objected that those who engaged in this movement were disappointed in their expectations; so were the disciples of Christ at his first advent, in an equal degree. They shouted before him as he rode into Jerusalem, expecting that he would then take the kingdom; but the only throne to which he then went was the cross; and instead of being hailed as king in a royal palace, he was laid a lifeless form in Joseph's new sepulcher. Nevertheless, they were "blessed" in receiving the truths they had heard. What days are referred to in verse 13? What is meant by Daniel's standing in his lot? There are four prophetic periods: namely, the 2300, 1260, 1290, and 1335 days. The first is the principal and longest period; the others are but intermediate parts and subdivisions of this.

 When the angel tells Daniel, at the conclusion of his instructions, that he shall stand in his lot at the end of the days, without specifying which period was meant, would not Daniel's mind naturally turn to the principal and longest period, the 2300 days, rather than to any of its subdivisions? The 2300 days, as has been already shown, terminated in 1844, and brought us to the cleansing of the sanctuary.

How did Daniel at that time stand in his lot? Answer: In the person of his Advocate, our Great High Priest, as he presents the cases of the righteous for acceptance to his Father. At the end of the days, Daniel's case was going to be looked at during the investigative judgement that started in 1844 When Israel was about to enter into the promised land, the lot was cast, and the possession of each tribe was assigned. The tribes thus stood in their respective "lots" long before they entered upon the actual possession of the land. The time of the cleansing of the sanctuary corresponds to this period of Israel's history. We now stand upon the borders of the heavenly Canaan, and decisions are being made, assigning to some a place in the eternal kingdom, and barring others forever therefrom.