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Glossary of Morphological Terms Applied To Paleozoic Corals
Glossary of Morphological Terms Applied To Paleozoic Corals
Glossary of Morphological Terms Applied To Paleozoic Corals
marphalagy af the Tabulata. jection (R). toward axis of corallite by united edges of (R, T).
axial septum. Longitudinal plate composed of septa (R). DISSEPIMENT ARIUM. Peripheral zone of corallite
abaxial declination of dissepimentarial or tabularial cardinal and counter septa conjoined at axis (R). COLUMELLA. Solid or nonsolid axial structure interior occupied by dissepiments (R).
floors. Floors slope down away from axis (H, R). axial structure. Collective term for various longi- formed by various modifications of inner edges distal. Direction away from point of origin of a
acanthine septum. Type composed of a single series tudinal structures in axial region of corallite, of septa; commonly projects into calice in form corallite (see proximal) (H, R, T).
of trabeculae with free distal ends forming spinose whether solid or nonsolid, a rodlike columella or of a calicular boss (R). EPITHECA. Thin external sheath covering inner
projections (R, T). an axial coil (R, T). COMPLETE TABULA. Type' consisting of a single fibrous part of outer wall of corallite (R, T).
adaxial declination of dissepimentarial or tabula rial axis of divergence. Generally vertical or oblique platform, not composed of several small plates exsert. Type of septum with axis of trabecular di-
floors. Floors slope down toward axis (R). line in septum from which trabeculae diverge in- joined together (H, R, T). vergence such that distal ends of abaxially in-
adaxial (axial) increase. Offsets arise from parent ward and outward (R). COMPOUND CORALLUM. Type consisting of clined trabeculae rise free above upper edge of
corallite by growth of new dividing walls from biform tabularium. Type commonly found in coral- protocorallite and offsets (R, T). epitheca (R).
wall toward axis (R, T). lites with contratingent minor septa; the slope of concave side. The side of lesser curvature in a fascicle. Microstructural unit, a conical aggregate
ALAR FOSSULA. Relatively prominent interseptal the ou ter part of the tabularial floor is reversed of fibers of CaC03, expanding distally (H, R, T).
curved solitary corallite (R).
space at locus of insertion of new septa on counter or reduced in loculi between the minor septa and
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F34 Coelenterata-A nthozoa
Rugosa-M orphology F35
fiber. Fine structural unit, composed of tufts" of lumen. In terior of coralli te bounded by au ter wall
needles of CaCOa grouped into fascicles (H, R, T). (H, R, T). plocoid• Massive corallum in which corallites are dissepiment or tabula (R).
fine structure. The fine skeletal structure as it ap- MAJOR SEPTUM. One of the protosepta or meta- not defined by walls (R). septal face. Side of laminar septum (R, T).
pears in study by hand lens (H, R, T). septa (H, R). protocorallite. The first-formed corallite of a com- septal furrow (groove). Longitudinal furrow on
first order trabecula. Type that extends from wall MARGINARIAL INCREASE. Type in which off- pound corallum (R, T). outer side of corallite wall, corresponding in posi-
to distal or axial edge of septum; commonly sets arise wholly within marginarium (R, T). PROTOSEPTUM. One of six first-formed septa of tion with a septum on inner side of wall (R).
large (H, R, T). MARGINARIUM. Peripheral part of interior of a corallite (H, R). septal lamella. Radially disposed longitudinal plate
flange. Keel on face of septum and directed parallel corallite distinguishable from tabularium by dif- proximal. Direction toward point of origin of a in axis of corallite, aligned with a septum but
to distal edge of septum or horizontal (R). ference in constituent structures, generally abun- corallite (H, R, T). discontinuous with it (R).
foliose. Type of corallum with laminar branches dant dissepiments, or dense deposit of skeletal pyramidal. Solitary corallite with flattened sides septal (axial) lobe. Fingerlike or scolecoid process
(R, T). tissue producing a stereozone (R, T). that meet at angles, as in Goniophyllum (R). extending adaxially from axial edge of septum
FOSSULA. Interseptal space distinguished by un- quadrant. Space in interior of. a corallite bounded (R).
MASSIVE. Corallum composed of corallites closely
usual shape and size; when used alone refers to in contact with one another (R, T). by cardinal septum and an alar septum or by SEPTUM. Radially disposed longitudinal partition
cardinal fossula (R). MET ASEPTUM. One of the main septa of a counter septum and an alar septum (R). of corallite (H, R, T).
groove. See septal furrow. corallite other than protosepta, generally distin- radiciform process. Rootlike epithecate outgrowth 'SOLITARY. Corallite of polyp not forming part of
growth ridges (rings). Fine accretion rings of epi- guished by their extension adaxially much beyond of a corallite wall, serving for fixation (see also a colony (H, R).
theca (R, T). minor septa (R). rootlet, talon) (R, T). spongy columella. Type consisting of axial lobes
herringbone dissepimentarium. Type in which dis- microstructure. Skeletal structure as it appears in ramose. Branching form of cerioid or plocoid and septal lamellae associated with tabulae or
sepiments between major septa inosculate, minor study by optical microscope (H, R, T). corallum (R, T). tabellae (R).
septa being longitudinally discontinuous (R). micro tuft. Smallest conical aggregate of crystallites rejuvenescence. Type of growth in which diameter STEREOZONE. Area of dense skeletal deposits in
holacanth. Seeming trabecula consisting of clear resolvable under electron microscope (R, T). is periodically suddenly reduced before again in- a corallite, generally peripheral or intradissepi-
calcite, an effect of diagenesis on axial part com- miniseptum. Short septum found in some corals in creasing; the reduction may be accompanied by mentarial in position (R, T).
monly of rhabdacanth or monacanth (R, T). revision of internal structure to that of earlier stunted septum. Type that projects brie8y or not at
interseptal loculi between adjacent major and
holotheca. Epithecal sheath common to peripheral minor septa (R). stage of development (R, T). all into lumen, though represented on outside of
corallites of a compound corallum (R, T). MINOR SEPTUM. One of the relatively short septa retiform septum. Type of perforate septum com- wall by septal furrow (R).
horseshoe dissepiment. Type with horizontal base that are inserted between adjacent major septa posed of an irregular network of skeletal tissue synapticula. Small rod or bar connecting opposed
and strongly arched top part, arranged in a pipe (H, R). (R, T). faces of adjacent septa (R).
in single vertical series (R). nlonacanth. Simple trabecula in which fibers are rhabdacanth. Compound trabecula with second TABELLA. Small subglobose plate in axial part of
hysterocorallite. New corallite formed in compound related to a single center of calcification (R, T). order trabeculae grouped around its primary axis corallite forming part of an incomplete tabula
corallum (see offset) (R, T).
naotic septum. Type characterized by development
of growth (R, T). (R, T).
incomplete tabula. Type consisting of several small rhipidacanth. Compound trabecula with second TABULA. Transverse partition of corallite, nearly
peripherally in a series of closely spaced dissepi-
plates (tabellae) joined together (R, T). mentlike plates, as in Naos (R). order trabeculae proj ecting perpendicular to me- plane, or upwardly convex or concave, extending
INCREASE. Addition of corallites to compound neotissue. New skeletal tissue formed during in- dian septal plane (R). to outer wall or to inner marginarial wall (H,
corallum (see offset, hysterocorallite) (R, T). crease and belonging to the offset alone (R, T). rhopaloid septum. Type characterized by distinctly R, T).
inner septal stereozone. Wall within dissepimen- thickened axial edge appearing club-shaped in tabularial floor. Calical surface or vacated calical
OFFSET. New corallite formed during increase in
tarium and formed by localized thickening of a compound corallum (R, T). cross section (R). surface in tabularium (H, R, T).
septa (R). rootlet. See radiciform process (R, T). TABULARIAL INCREASE. Type in which neo-
open fossula. Prominent interseptal space not en-
interseptal ridge. Longitudinal elevation on outer scale. Small platelike structure attached to septal walls of offsets arise first in part in axial (tabu-
closed toward axis of corallite by united edges of
side of corallite wall, corresponding in position septa (R). grooves or ridges or to smooth epitheca (R, T). larial) region, and the tabularium of the parent
• SCLERENCHYME. Calcareous tissue of corallite
to space between a pair of adjacent septa inside operculum. Lidlike covering of calice in some then ceases to grow (R, T).
of wall (R). (H,R,T). T ABULARIUM. Axial part of the interior of a
corallites, formed of one or more independent
keyhole fossula. Prominent interseptal space at posi- plates (R). sclerocone (septal cone). Zone of skeletal. thicken- coranite in which tabulae or tabellae are de-
tion of cardinal septum, expanding more or less parricidal. Term applied to increase in which tabu- ing on selected old calicular floors, more or less veloped (H, R, T).
suddenly toward its closed adaxial end (R). larium of parent corallite ceases to grow distally widely spaced in the corallite, and affecting septal talon. Buttress produced by outgrowth of corallite
laminar septum. Longitudinal radial partitioning (R, T). trabeculae, dissepiments, and tabulae; of inverted wall, serving as aid in fixation (see radiciform
wall in corallite formed of trabeculae that are conical form (R). process) (R).
patellate. Low solitary corallite with sides expanding
contiguous throughout their length (H, R, T). scolecoid. Solitary subcylindrical corallite bent ir- thamnasterioid. Massive corallum characterized by
from apex at angle of about 1200 (R).
lateral dissepiment. Type having blisterlike form pattern. Arrangement of offsets in compound ·coral- regularly in wormlike manner (R). absence of corallite walls and by confluent septa
developed in isolated manner on sides of septa lum (R, T). second order trabeculae. Small trabeculae commonly that join neighboring corallites together, with
(R). originating either at axis of first order trabecula pattern of septa resembling lines of force in a
pectinate septum. Type in which distal ends of
lateral increase. Formation of new corallite in fas- or in median plane of septum (R, T). magnetic field (R).
first order trabeculae are separate and project like
ciculate corallum by sideward growth (R, T). teeth of comb (R, T). second2ry lamellar structure. Fine structure ·of TRABECULA. Pillar of radiating calcareous fibers
longitudinal skeletal element. Elemen t of coral parallel lamellae commonly oblique to growth compnslng skeletal element in structure of
peneckielloid dissepiment. Type formed in a periph-
skeleton oriented in direction of growth of coral- lamellae, or zigzag, produced during diagenesis septum and related components (H, R, T).
eral vertical series, such that in longitudinal sec-
lite (H, R, T). (H, R, T). trabecular fan. Fan of septal trabeculae radiating
tion the upper part is flat or declined slightly
lonsdaleoid dissepiment. Transeptal dissepiment de- outward, and the inner part is globose adaxially, septal comb. Septum that is laminar near outer wall in plane of septum from an axis of divergence
veloped across longitudinal discontinuities in as in Peneckiella (R). of corallite but spinose on distal and axial edges (R).
septa, as in Lonsdaleia (R). (see pectinate septum) (R, T). transeptal dissepiment. Type developed across longi-
phaceloid. Fasciculate corallum having subparallel
lonsdaleoid septum. Type characterized by longi- corallites (R, T). septal cone. Alternative term for sclerocone, which tudinal discontinuity in septum (R).
tudinal discontinuity toward peripheral edge, as see. TRANSVERSE SKELETAL ELEMENTS. Plates
pipe. Single vertical series of dissepiments, of either
in Lonsdaleia (R). septal crest. Short laminar part of longitudinally developed transverse to the direction of growth
horseshoe or flat longitudinal section (R).
discontinuous septum based on upper surface of of corallite (H, R, T).
,
F36 Coelenterata-A nthozoa
Rugosa-Assumptions on the,~ Soft Parts F37
trochoid. Solitary corallite with sides regularly ex- vepreculae. Fine den ticules ornamenting face of
panding from apex at angles of about 40° (R). septum (R).
tuft. Fine or ultrafine structural unit, a cone of verticillate. Arranged in whorls; see umbelliferous
crystallites as seen with aid of high power optical
(R, T).
or electron microscope (H, R, T). WALL. Outer wall of a corallite, normally consist-
ing of an outer sheath (epitheca) and an inner
turbinate. Solitary corallite with sides expanding
deposit of fibrous sclerenchyme (narrow periph- stomodaeum
from apex at angle of about 70° (R).
eral stereozone) (R, T).
ultrastructure. Skeletal structure as seen by -electron yardarm carinae. Oppositely placed carinae that mesentery
microscope (H, R, T). give appearance of yardarms along a mast to cross
umbelliferous. Corallum having corallites arranged sections of septum (see zigzag carinae) (R).
-column wall
like ribs of an umbrella, growing outward in zigzag carinae. Not quite oppositely placed carinae
whorls (R, T). on the two sides of a septum (see yardarm
uniseriate septum. Type in which trabeculae are carinae) (R).
mesenterial filament
arranged in single series with their axes in median zigzag structure. Diagenetically induced zigzag
plane of septum (R, T) . lamellation in sclerenchyme (R, T). ...
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