Nerve injuries in lower limb

Terms
femoral nerve injury sciatic nerve injury

Definitions
paralysis of quadriceps, inability to extend knee paralysis of hamstring (weak flexion still possible) and all muscles below knee

common fibular nerve injury tibial nerve injury

paralysis of anterior and lateral compartment muscles, inability to dorsiflex or evert foot paralysis of hamstring, muscles of back of leg, and muscles of sole of foot

obturator nerve injury

paralysis of adductor muscles, causes sexual dysfunction

Muscle Innervation
Terms
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius, Minimus Tensor Fascia Lata Iliopsoas Hip Intrinsics Quadriceps Femoris (Ant. Thigh) Sartorius Medial Thigh (Adductor longus, brevis) Adductor Magnus

Definitions
Inferior Gluteal Superior Gluteal Superior Gluteal Femoral L5-S2, Obturator Femoral Femoral Obturator 1/2 Obturator, 1/2 Tibial

Pectineus

1/2 Obturator, 1/2 Femoral

Gracilis Semimembranosus

Obturator Tibial

Semitendinosus Biceps femoris (long) Biceps femoris (short) Lateral Leg (Peroneus longus, brevis) Anterior Leg (Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum and hallucis longus, fibularis tertius) Posterior Leg- Superficial (Gastroc, Soleus, Plantaris, Popliteus) Posterior Leg-Deep (Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus) Extensor Digitorum and Hallucis Brevis Abductor Digiti minimi Abductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Quadratus Plantae

Tibial Tibial Peroneal Superficial Peroneal Deep Peroneal

Tibial Tibial

Deep Peroneal Lateral Plantar Medial Plantar Medial Plantar Lateral Plantar

Lower Limb Muscle Actions

Terms
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Obturator internus Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris Iliopsoas

Definitions
Extends and rotates thigh laterally ABducts and rotates thigh medially; stabilizes pelvis ABducts and rotates thigh medially Rotates thigh laterally ABducts and rotates thigh laterally Rotates thigh laterally Rotates thigh laterally Rotates thigh laterally flexes thigh; flex and laterally bend lumbar spine

Pectineus Sartorius

flex, ADduct, laterally rotate thigh at hip Flexes and rotates thigh laterally; flexes and rotates LEG medially

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Gracilis Obturator externus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris long head Biceps femoris short head Tensor fasciae latae Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Soleus Gastrocnemius

flex hip, extend the knee Extends leg Extends leg Extends leg ADducts and flexes thigh; flexes and rotates LEG medially Rotates thigh laterally ADducts and flexes thigh ADducts and flexes thigh Adducts, flexes, and extends the thigh Extends thigh; flexes and rotates LEG medially Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially Extends thigh; flexes and laterally rotate leg Flex, laterally rotate leg Flexes, ABducts, and rotates thigh medially dorsiflex ankle, invert foot dorsiflex ankle, extend 1st digit dorsiflex ankle, extends 2-5 digit dorsiflex ankle; evert foot evert foot, weak plantar flexion of ankle evert foot, weak plantar flexion of ankle plantar flex ankle; raise heel to walk flex leg; plantarflex foot

Plantaris Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus

flex leg; plantar flex foot plantarflex ankle, invert foot flexes digits 2-5, plantarflex ankle, supports long arch flex 1st digit, plantarflex ankle; support medial long arch of foot

Popliteus

Weakly flexes knee; rotate femur on fixed tibia and unlocks leg; medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi Flexor hallucis brevis Lumbricals

flexes digits 2-5 Abducts big toe; dorsum of foot ABducts 5th digit flex big toe Flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints

Quadratus plantae Adductor hallucis (transverse head) Adductor hallucis (oblique head) Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei

Aids in flexing toes Adducts big toe

Adducts big toe

flexes little toe (5th digit) ADducts toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanges ABduct toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanges