$−sxtsñ v xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©yª«sV FyLS¸R¶VßáLi ¿Á[¸¶R VV©«sxmsöV²R¶V ª«sLRiVxqsgS

xmshjiLi¿RÁª«sÌÁzqs©«s r¡òú»yÌÁV C ÀÁ©«sõ xmsoxqsòNPR LiÍÜ[ Bª«s*ÊÁ²T¶©yLiVV.

˳ÁÏ gRiª«sLi»R½V¬s −súgRix¤¦¦¦®ªsW ÛÍÁ[µy ÀÁú»R½xmsÈÁ®ªsW DLiÀÁ xmspÌÁ»][ @ÌÁLiNRPLjiLiÀÁ

µk¶xmsª«sVV ®ªsÖÁgjiLiÀÁ FyLS¸R¶VßáLi ¿Á[¸¶R Vª«sÌÁ¸R¶VV©«sV.
 $−sxtsñ v xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©yª«sV r¡òú»R½ª±sV
x¤¦¦¦LjiM JLi
aRPVNýSª«sV÷LRiµ³¶R LRiLi −sxtsñ vLi aRPbPª«sLñiR Li ¿RÁ»R½VLRiV÷éÇÁLi
úxmsxqs©«sõ ª«sµR¶©«sLi µ³yù¹¸¶[V»`½ xqsLRi*−s|mnsWõxms aSLi»R½¹¸¶[V ee
¸R¶Vxqsùµj¶*LRiµR¶ ª«sNSòQûµyùM FyLjixtsQµyùM xmsLRiaRP+»R½Li
−sxmsn VõLi ¬sxmsn VõLi¼½ xqs»R½»R½Li −sxtsQ*ZNP[=©«sLi »R½ª«sWúaRP¹¸¶[V ee
ªyùxqsLi ª«szqsxtsí Q©s« FyòLiR Li aRP# ZNP[Mò F¢ú»R½ª«sVNRPÌÁøxtsQLi
xmsLSaRPLS»R½øÇÁLi ª«sLi®µ¶[ aRPVNRP»y»R½Li »R½F¡¬sµ³¶j ª±sV ee
ªyùry¸R¶V −sxtsñ vLRiWFy¸R¶V ªyùxqsLRiWFy¸R¶V −sxtsñ Q®ªs[
©«s®ªsW \®ªs úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø ¬sµ³¶R ¹¸¶[V ªyzqsuíy¸R¶V ©«s®ªsW©«sª«sVM ee
@−sNSLS¸R¶V aRPVµôðy¸R¶V ¬s»yù¸R¶V xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø®©s[
xqs\®µ¶NRPLRiWxms LRiWFy¸R¶V −sxtsñ Q®ªs[ xqsLRi*ÑÁxtsñ Q®ªs[ ee
¸R¶VxqsùxqsøLRißá ª«sWú¾»½[©s« ÇÁ©«sø xqsLiryLRiÊÁLiµ³¶R ©y»`½
−sª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ ©«sª«sVxqsòQ\|qs#ø −sxtsñ Q®ªs[ úxms˳ÁÏ −sxtsñ Q®ªs[ ee
eeJLi ©«s®ªsW−sxtsñ Q®ªs[ úxms˳ÁÏ −sxtsñ Q®ªs[ee

$\®ªsaRPLiFy¸R¶V©«s Dªy¿RÁ
úaRPV»y*µ³¶R LSø©«sZaP[}tsQßá Fyª«s©y¬s¿RÁxqsLRi*aRPM
¸R¶VVµ³¶j ztsî QLiR M aS©«s©ò s« ª«sLi xmso©«slLi[ªy˳ÁÏ ù˳Øtx sQ»½R ee

¸R¶VVµ³¶j ztsî QLiR Dªy¿RÁ

NTP®ªs[VNRPLi \®µ¶ª«s»R½Li ÍÜ[ZNP[ NTPLiªy}msùNRPLi xmsLS¸R¶VßáLi
xqsVòªs« ©«sMò NRPª±sV NRPª«sVLRiè©«sMò úFyxmsoõ¸R¶VVLSø©«sªyaRPV+˳ÁÏ Li ee
N][µ¶³R LRiøM xqsLRi*µ³¶R LSøßØLi ˳ÁÏ ª«s»R½M xmsLRi®ªsWª«sV»R½M
NTPLiÇÁxms©«sVø¿RÁù¾»½[ ÇÁLi»R½VLêRi©«sø xqsLiryLRi ÊÁLiµ³¶R ©y»`½ ee

$Õ³Ád xtsQø Dªy¿RÁ

ÇÁgRi»R½öQû˳ÁÏ VLi ®µ¶[ªs« ®µ¶[ªs« ª«sV©«sLi»R½Li xmsoLRiVu¡»R½ªò s« VLi
xqsVòªs« ©yõª«sV xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßá xmsoLRiVxtsQM xqs»R½»][¼½ó »R½M ee
»R½®ªs[Vª«s¿yLRiè¸R¶V¬sõ»R½ùLi ˳ÁÏ NSòQùxmsoLRiVxtsQªs« Vª«sù¸R¶Vª±sV
µ³yù¸R¶V©±s xqsVòªs« ©«sõª«sVxqsùLi¿RÁ ¸R¶VÇÁª«sW©«sxqsò ®ªs[Vª«s¿RÁ ee
@©yµj¶¬sµ³¶R ©«sLi −sxtsñ vLi xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NPR ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiLi
ÍÜ[NSµ³¶R ùQOPR QLi xqsVòªs« ¬sõ»R½ùLi xqsLRi*µR¶VMÆصj¶g][ ˳ÁÏ # ®ªs[»½` ee
úÊÁx¤¦¦¦øßáùLi xqsLRi*µ³¶R LRiøÇìÁLi ÍÜ[NS©yLi NUPLjiªò s« LôiðR ©«sLi
ÍÜ[NPR ©y´R¶Li ª«sVx¤¦¦¦µR¶W÷黽R Li xqsLRi*˳ÁÏ W»R½Ë³ÁÏ ª¯[µ¶R ÷éªs« ª±sV ee
GxtsQ ®ªs[V xqsLRi*µ³¶R LSøßØLi µ³¶R L][ø2µ³¶j NRP »R½®ªsWª«sV»R½M
¸R¶VµR¶÷éQ NSòQù xmsoLi²R¶LkiNSORPQLi xqsòQ\®ªsLRilLi[è ©«sõLRiMxqsµy ee
xmsLRiª«sVLi ¹¸¶W ª«sVx¤¦¦¦¾»½[Çò ÁM xmsLRiª«sVLi ¹¸¶W ª«sVx¤¦¦¦»R½òxmsM
xmsLRiª«sVLi ¹¸¶W ª«sVx¤¦¦¦µR¶÷Qûx¤¦¦¦ø xmsLRiª«sVLi ¸R¶VM xmsLS¸R¶Vß᪱sV ee
xms−sú»yßØLi xms−sú»R½Li ¹¸¶W ª«sVLigRiÎØ©yLi ¿RÁ ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLi
\®µ¶ª«s»R½Li ®µ¶[ªs« »y©yLi ¿RÁ ˳ÏÁW»y©yLi ¹¸¶W2ª«sù¸R¶VM zms»yee
¸R¶V»R½M xqsLS*ßÓá ˳ÁÏ W»y¬s ˳ÁÏ ª«s©yòQùµj¶ ¸R¶VVgSgRi®ªs[V
¸R¶VzqsøLiaRPè úxmsÎÏÁ¸R¶VLi ¸R¶WLi¼½ xmso©«slLi[ªs« ¸R¶VVgRiORPQ¹¸¶[Vee
»R½xqsùÍÜ[NPR úxmsµ³y©«sxqsù ÇÁgRi©yõ´R¶xqsù ˳ÁÏ Wxms¾»½[
−suñ¡LSõª«sV xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi ®ªs[V aRPXßáVFyxms ˳ÁÏ ¸R¶Wxmsx¤¦¦¦ª±sVee
¸R¶W¬s ©yª«sW¬s g_ßجs −sÆØù»y¬s ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½ø©«sM
ÊÁVVztsQÕÁ³ M xmsLjigki»y¬s »y¬s ª«sOSQQù−sV ˳ÁÏ W»R½¹¸¶[Vee
ÊÁVVztsQLSõª«sWõLi xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsxqsù ®ªs[µ¶R ªyùr¡ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVV¬sM
¿³ÁR Liµ][2©«sVxtsí v£ms »R½´y ®µ¶[ª¯[ ˳ÁÏ gRiªy©±s ®µ¶[ªs« NUPxqsV»R½Mee
@ª«sVX»yLi aRPWµR¶÷骯[ ÕdÁÇÁLi aRPNTPlò Liô ª[ s« NTP©«sLiµR¶©«sM
ú¼½ryª«sW x¤¦¦¦XµR¶¸R¶VLi »R½xqsù aSLi»R½ùlLió [ −s¬s¸R¶VVÇÁù¾»½[ee
−sxtsñ vLi ÑÁxtsñ vLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦−sxtsñ vLi úxms˳ÁÏ −sxtsñ vLi ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiLi
@®©s[NPR LRiWxms \®µ¶»yùLi»R½Li ©«sª«sW−sV xmsoLRiVu¡»R½ªò s« Vª±sVee

@xqsù $−suñ¡Lôij ª«sùxqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©yª«sVr¡òú»R½ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVLiú»R½xqsù, $®ªs[µ¶R ªyùr¡ ˳ÁÏ gRiªy©±s ÊÁVVztsQM,

@©«sVxtsí v£ms ¿³ÁR LiµR¶M, $ª«sV¥¦¦¦−sxtsñ vM xmsLRiª«sW»yø $ª«sV©yõLS¸R¶VßãÜ[ ®µ¶[ªs« »y, @ª«sVX»yLiaRPWµR¶÷骯[
˳ة«sVLji¼½ ÕdÁÇÁLi, ®µ¶[ªs« NUP ©«sLiµR¶©«siM úxqs}tísQ¼½ aRPNTPMò , DµR¶÷éªs« iM O][QËÁ³Ï ßãÜ[ ®µ¶[ªs« B¼½ xmsLRi®ªsW ª«sVLiú»R½M,
aRPÃåÁ ˳ÁÏ X©«sõLiµR¶NUP ¿RÁúNUP¼½ NUPÌÁNRPLi, aSL`iÃÁùµ³¶R ©y* gRiµyµ³¶R LRi B»R½ùxqsòQûª±sV, LRi´yÃæÁFyßÓá LRiO][QËÁϳ ù B¼½
®©s[ú»R½ª±sV, ú¼½ryª«sW ryª«sVgRiM ry®ªs[V¼½ NRPª«s¿RÁª±sV, A©«s©ôs« ª±sV xmsLRiúÊÁ}¤¦¦¦ø¼½ ¹¸¶W¬sM, ÊÁVV»R½VM
xqsVµR¶LRi+©«sM NSÌÁ B¼½ µj¶gRi÷Liµ³¶R M, $−saRP*LRiWxmsM B¼½ µ³yù©«sª±sV, $ª«sV¥¦¦¦−sxtsñ v ú{ms»R½ùlLói[
xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©yª«sV ÇÁ}ms −s¬s¹¸¶WgRiM
µ³yù©«sª±sV
OUPQL][µ¶R ©«s*»R½öQû®µ¶[ZaP[ aRPVÀÁª«sVßÓá −sÌÁxqs\¾»½Q=NRP¾»½[ ª«s°NTPNò S©yLi
ª«sWÍØNýPR VFyòxqs©«sxqsó M xqsöéÉÁÓ NRPª«sVßÓá¬s\ÛËÁ³ L_øQQNPT Qò \ZNPLRiøßïáÓ »yÃæÁMe
aRPV\ÛËÁ³ QûLRi\ÛËÁ³ Qû LRiµR¶\ÛËÁ³ QûLRiVxmsLji −sLRiÀÁ\¾»½LRiVøQQNPR {ò ms¸R¶VWxtsQªs« lLi<^ M
A©«s¬dsô ©«sM xmso¬ds¸R¶WµR¶Lji©«s×Á©«sgRiµyaRPÃåÁFyßÓáLRiVøNRPV©ôs« Mee
˳ÁÏ WM Fyµ_ ¸R¶Vxqsù ©yÕ³ÁLji*¸R¶VµR¶xqsVLRi¬sÌÁaRPè©ôs« û xqsWL_ù ¿RÁ ®©s[ú¾»½[
NRPLñSªyaSM bPL][µ_ùLRiVøÅÁª«sVzms µR¶x¤¦¦¦©¯[ ¸R¶Vxqsù ªy}qsò¸¶R Vª«sVÕôÁð Me
@Li»R½Mxqsó Li ¸R¶Vxqsù −saRP*Li xqsVLRi©«sLRiÅÁgRig][˳Üg[ ij gRi©ôðs« LRi* \®µ¶\¾»½QùM
ÀÁú»R½Li LRiLi LRiª«sVù¾»½[ »R½Li ú¼½Ë³ÁÏ Vª«s©«sª«sxmsoxtsQLi −sxtsñ v−dsVaRPLi ©«sª«sW−sVee
JLi ˳ÁÏ gRiª«s¾»½[ ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªy¸R¶V

aSLi»yNSLRiLi ˳ÁÏ VÇÁgRiaRP¸R¶V©«sLi xmsµR¶ø©y˳ÁÏ Li xqsVlLi[aPR Li

−saS*NSLRiLi gRigRi©«sxqsµR¶XaRPLi ®ªs[Vxmsn Vª«sLñiR Li aRPV˳ØÃæÁª±sVe
ÌÁOUPQ øNSLi»R½Li NRPª«sVÌÁ©«s¸R¶V©«sLi ¹¸¶Wgjix¤¦¦¦Xµyù©«sgRiª«sVùLi
ª«sLi®µ¶[−sxtsñ vLi ˳ÁÏ ª«s˳ÁÏ ¸R¶Vx¤¦¦¦LRiLi xqsLRi*ÍÜ[\ZNPNRP ©y´R¶Liee
®ªs[Vxmsn VaSùª«sVLi {ms»R½N_ZaP[¸¶R VªyxqsLi $ª«s»y=ÃÁäLi N_xqsVò˳ܵ[ y÷ézqs»yÃæÁLie
xmsoßãÜ[ù}ms»R½Li xmsoßïáLkiNS¸R¶V»yORPQLi −sxtsñ vLi ª«s®©sô [ xqsLRi*ÍÜ[\ZNPNRP©y´R¶ª±sVee
©«sª«sVM xqsª«sVxqsò ˳ÁÏ W»y©yª«sWµj¶Ë³ÁÏ W»y¸R¶V ˳ÁÏ W˳ÁÏ X¾»½[
@®©s[NPR LRiWxmsLRiWFy¸R¶V −sxtsñ Q®ªs[ úxms˳ÁÏ −sxtsñ Q®ªs[ee
xqsaRPÃåÁ ¿RÁúNRPLi xqsNTPLkiÈÁNRPVßïáÌÁLi xqs{ms»R½ª«sxqsòQûLi xqsLRi{qsLRiV}¤¦¦¦ORPQß᪱sV
xqs¥¦¦¦LRi ª«sORPQMxqsó ÌÁa][ÕÁ³ N_xqsVòËÁ³Ï Li ©«sª«sW−sV −sxtsñ vLi bPLRiry ¿RÁ»R½VLRiV÷éÇÁª±sVee
¿³y¸R¶W¸R¶WLi FyLjiÇØ»R½xqsù }¤¦¦¦ª«sVzqsLi¥¦¦¦xqs©¯[xmsLji
A{qs©«sª«sVª«sVV÷µR¶aSùª«sVª«sW¸R¶V»yORPQªs« VÌÁÃÁäQX»R½Liee
¿RÁ©ôyû©«s©«sLi ¿RÁ»R½VLS÷x¤¦¦¦§Li $ª«s»y=ÃÓÁä»R½ª«sORPQxqsª±sV
LRiVNTPøßÔáxqs»R½ù˳ت«sW˳ØùLi xqsz¤¦¦¦»R½Li NRPXxtsñ Qªs« WúaRP¹¸¶[Vee

¤x ¦¦¦Lji JLi
−saRP*Li −sxtsñ vLRi*xtsQÉØäL][ ˳ÁÏ W»R½Ë³ÁÏ ª«sù˳ÁÏ ª«s»R½öQû˳ÏÁVM
˳ÁÏ W»R½NRPXµR¶W÷黽R ˳ÁÏ Xµy÷骯[ ˳ÁÏ W»y»yø ˳ÁÏ W»R½Ë³Øª«s©«sMee
xmsp»y»yø xmsLRiª«sW»yø ¿RÁ ª«sVVNSò©yLi xmsLRiª«sW gRi¼½M
@ª«sù¸R¶VM xmsoLRiVxtsQry=QOPU Q ZOP[Q ú»R½ÇìÜ2[ ORPQLiR Gª«s ¿RÁee
 ¹¸¶Wg][ ¹¸¶WgRi−sµyLi ®©s[»y úxmsµ³y©«s xmsoLRiV}tsQaPR *LRiM
©yLRizqsLix¤¦¦¦ª«sxmsoM $ª«sW©±s ZNP[aPR ª«sM xmsoLRiVu¡»R½ªò s« VMee
xqsLRi*aRP+LRi*bP+ª«sM róyßáVLRiW÷é»yµj¶Ljiõµ³¶j LRiª«sù¸R¶VM
xqsLi˳ÁÏ ª¯[ ˳ت«s©¯[ ˳ÁÏ LSò úxms˳ÁÏ ª«sM úxms˳ÁÏ VLkiaRP*LRiMee
xqs*¸R¶Vª«sVW÷éaPR +ª«sVV÷éLSµj¶»R½ùM xmsoxtsQäLSO][Q ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqs*©«sM
@©yµj¶¬sµ³¶R ©¯[ µ³y»y −sµ³y»y µ³y»R½VLRiV»R½ªò s« VM
@úxms®ªs[V¹¸¶W x¤¦¦¦X{tsQZNP[aPR M xmsµR¶ø©y˳Ü2[ ª«sVLRiúxms˳ÁÏ VM
−saRP*NRPLSø ª«sV©«sVxqsòQ*uíy xqsó −sxtsî QM xqsó −sL][ µ³¶R Xª«sMee
@úgSx¤¦¦¦ùaS+aRP*»R½M NRPXuñ¡ ÍÜ[z¤¦¦¦»yORPM úxms»R½LôiR ©«sM
úxms˳ÁÏ W»R½zqsòQûNRPNRPVËôت«sV xms−sú»R½L ª«sVÃæÁÎÏÁLi xmsLRiª±sVee
CaS©«sM úFyßáµR¶M úFyßãÜ[ ÛÇÁ[ùxtsî QZaP[+Qûxtsî QM úxmsÇØxms¼½M
z¤¦¦¦LRißáùgRiL][÷é ˳ÁÏ WgRiL][÷é ª«sWµ³¶R ª¯[ ª«sVµ³¶R VxqsWµR¶©«sMee
CaRP*L][ −súNRP−dsV µ³¶R ¬ds* ®ªs[Vµ³y−ds −súNRPª«sVM úNRPª«sVM
@©«sV»R½®ò ªsW µR¶VLSµ³¶R L<iR M NRPX»R½ÇìÁM NRPX¼½LS»R½øªy©±see
xqsVlLi[aPR aRP+LRißáLi aRPLRiø −saRP*lLi[»y úxmsÇØ˳ÁÏ ª«sM
@x¤¦¦¦xqs=Liª«s»R½=L][ ªyùÎÏÁM úxms»R½ù¸R¶VM xqsLRi*µR¶LRi+©«sMee
@ÇÁxqs=lLi[*aRP*LRizqs=µô¶ðR M zqsµô¶ðj xqsLS*µj¶LRi¿RÁVù»R½M
ª«sXuyNRPzmsLRi®ªs[V¸R¶W»yø xqsLRi*¹¸¶WgRi−s¬sxqs=QX»R½Mee
ª«sxqsVLRi*xqsVª«sV©yxqs=»R½ùxqs=ª«sW»yø xqs−sVø»R½xqs=ª«sVM
@®ªsWxmsn VM xmsoßïáLkiNSO][Q ª«sXxtsQNPR LSø ª«sXuyNRPX¼½Mee
LRiVúµ][ ÊÁx¤¦¦¦§bPLS ÊÁú˳ÁÏ VLji*aRP*¹¸¶W¬saRPV+ÀÁúaRPªyM
@ª«sVX»R½aS+aRP*»R½MrîyßáVLRi*LSL][x¤¦Ü[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½FyMee
xqsLRi*gRiM xqsLRi*−sµy÷é©s« VLji*xtsQ*ZNP[=©¯[ ÇÁ©yLôiR ©«sM
®ªs[µ][®ªs[µ¶R −sµR¶ª«sùÃæÜ[ ®ªs[µyÃæÜ[ ®ªs[µ¶R −s»R½ä−sMee
ÍÜ[NSµ³¶R ùQOPR QxqsV=LSµ³¶R ùQO][Q µ³¶R LSøµ³¶R ùQOPR QM NRPX»yNRPX»R½M
¿RÁ»R½VLS»yø ¿RÁ»R½VLRiW*Qùx¤¦¦¦aRPè»R½VLôiR LiQxtsí QûaRPè»R½VLRiV÷éÇÁMee
ú˳ØÑÁxtsñ vL][÷Çé Á©«sLi ˳ÜN[ Sò xqsz¤¦¦¦xtsñ vLêiR gRiµyµj¶ÇÁM
@©«s|mnsW −sÇÁ¹¸¶W ÛÇÁ[»y −saRP*¹¸¶W¬sM xmso©«sLRi*xqsVMee
D}ms©ô¯û[ ªyª«sV©«sM úFyLiaRPVLRi®ªsWxmsn VaRPV+ÀÁLRiWLêij »R½M
@¼d½©ôs« ûxqs=ÃæÁûx¤¦¦¦xqs=Læ][ µ³¶R X»y»yø ¬s¸R¶V®ªsW ¸R¶Vª«sVMee
®ªs[µ][ù \®ªsµR¶ùxqs=µy¹¸¶Wgki −dsLRi¥¦¦¦ ª«sWµ³¶R ª¯[ ª«sVµ³¶R VM
@¼d½¬ôsû¹¸¶W ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sW¹¸¶W ª«sVx¤¦Ü[»y=x¤¦Ü[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÊÁÌÁMee
ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÊÁVµô¶ðj LRiø¥¦¦¦−dsL][ù ª«sV¥¦¦¦aRPNTPLò iR ø¥¦¦¦µR¶Vù¼½M
@¬slLiô a[ PR ùª«sxmsoM $ª«sW©«s®ªs[V¸R¶W»yø ª«sV¥¦¦¦úµj¶µ³¶R X»`½ee
ª«sV}¤¦¦¦uy*r¡ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦Ë³ÁÏ LSò $¬sªyxqsxqs=»yLi gRi¼½M
@¬sLRiVµô¶ðR M xqsVLS©«s©ô¯[ g][−s©ô¯[ g][−sµyLi xms¼½M
ª«sVLkiÀÁLôiR ª«sV©¯[ x¤¦¦¦LixqsM xqsVxmsLñ][ ˳ÁÏ VÇÁg][»½R ªò s« VM
z¤¦¦¦LRißáù©y˳ÁÏ xqsV=»R½FyM xmsµR¶ø©y˳ÁÏ M úxmsÇØxms¼½Mee
@ª«sVX»R½Vùxqs=LRi*µR¶XNTP=Lix¤¦¦¦M xqs©ôðy»y xqs¬ôs𠪫sW©±s zqsî LRiM
@ÇÜ[µ¶R VLRiøL<iR ßáaS+ryò −súaRPV»y»yø xqsVLSLji¥¦¦¦ee
gRiVLRiVLæiR VLRiV»R½®ªsW µ³yª«sV xqs»R½ùxqs=»R½ùxmsLSúNRPª«sVM
¬s−sVu¡2¬s−sVxtsQxqsûQ=gki* ªy¿RÁxqsö¼½LRiVµyLRiµ³¶k Mee
@úgRißÔáLæSQûª«sVßÔá $ª«sW©yõQQù¹¸¶W®©s[»y xqs−dsVLRißáM
xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsª«sVWLôðS −saS*»yø xqsx¤¦¦¦úryORPQM xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsFy»`½ee
Aª«sLRi©ò ¯[ ¬sª«sX»yò»yø xqsLiª«sX»R½xqs=Liúxmsª«sVLôiR ©«sM
@x¤¦¦¦xqs=Liª«sLRiNò ][ ª«sz¤¦¦¦õLRi¬sÍÜ[ µ³¶R LRißÔáµ³¶R LRiMee
xqsVúxmsryµR¶M úxmsxqs©yõ»yø −saRP*xqsXgji*aRP*˳ÁÏ Vgji*˳ÏÁVM
xqs»R½äQQLSò xqs»R½VäQû»R½ry=µ³R¶VLêiR x¤¦¦¦§õLSõLS¸R¶VßãÜ[ ©«sLRiMee
@xqsLiÛÆÁ[ù¹¸¶W2úxms®ªs[V¸R¶W»yø −sbPxtsí QbP+xtsí QNPR X¿RÁVèéÀÁM
zqsµôðyLóiR zqs=µô¶ðR xqsÃÁäÌÁöM zqsµô¶ðj µR¶zqs=µô¶ðj ryµ³¶R ©«sMee
ª«sXuy{¤¦¦¦ ª«sXxtsQ˳Ü[ −sxtsñ vM ª«sXxtsQxmsLS* ª«sXu¡µR¶LRiM
ª«sLôiðR ©¯[ ª«sLôiðR ª«sW©«saRPè −s−sNRPMò úaRPV¼½rygRiLRiMee
xqsV˳ÁÏ VÇÜ[ µR¶VLôiðR L][ ªygkiø ª«sV}¤¦¦¦©ô¯û[ ª«sqx sVµ][ ª«sxqsVM
\®©sNRPLRiWF¡ ÊÁXx¤¦¦¦úµR¶WxmsM bPzms−sxtsí QM úxmsNSaRP©«sMee
JÇÁ}qsòÇÜ[ µR¶Vù¼½µ³¶R LRiM úxmsNSaS»yø úxms»yxms©«sM
ÊÁVVµô¶ðR xqs=QöuíyORPQL][ ª«sV©«sQò ûaRPè©ôyûLiaRPVLS÷éxqsäLRiµR¶Vù¼½Mee
@ª«sVX»yLiaRPWµR¶÷骯[ ˳ة«sVM aRPbPÕÁLiµR¶VxqsV=lLi[aPR *LRiM
KxtsQµ¶³R Li ÇÁgRi¾»½[=»R½VM xqs»R½ùµ³¶R LRiø xmsLSúNRPª«sVMee
˳ÁÏ W»R½Ë³ÏÁª«sù˳ÁÏ ª«s©yõ´R¶M xmsª«s©«sM Fyª«s©¯[2©«sÌÁM
NSª«sV¥¦¦¦ NSª«sVNRPX»yä©«sMò NSª«sVM NSª«sVúxmsµR¶M úxms˳ÁÏ VMee
¸R¶VVgSµj¶NRPXµR¶VùgSª«sL][ò \®©sNRPª«sW¹¸¶W ª«sV¥¦¦¦aRP©«sM
@µR¶Xa][ù2ª«sùQQNPR Lò iR WxmsaRPè xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsÑÁµR¶©«s©«sÑò Á»`½ee
Buí¡2−sbPxtsí QbP+}tísQxtsí QM bPÅÁLi²U¶ ©«sx¤¦¦¦§u¡ ª«sXxtsQM
úN][µ¶³R ¥¦¦¦ úN][µ¶³R NRPX»R½äQQLSò −saRP*ËØx¤¦¦¦§LRiø{¤¦¦¦µ³¶R LRiMee
@¿RÁVù»R½M úxms´j¶»R½M úFyßáM úFyßáµ][ ªyxqsªy©«sVÇÁM
@Fy¬sõµ³¶j LRiµ³¶j uíy©«sª«sVúxmsª«sV»R½Mò úxms¼½ztsî Q»½R Mee
xqsä©ôs« xqs=Qä©ôs« µ³¶R L][ µ³¶R VL][ù ª«sLRiµ][ ªy¸R¶VVªyx¤¦¦¦©«sM
ªyxqsV®µ¶[ª¯[ ÊÁXx¤¦¦¦µy÷é©s« VLSµj¶®µ¶[ªs« M xmsoLRi©ôs« LRiMee
@a][NPR ryòLiR ßáryòLiR M aRPWLRiaf+LjiLêiR ®©s[aPR *LRiM
@©«sVNRPWÌÁM aRP»yª«sLRiMò xmsµk¶ø xmsµR¶ø¬sÛËÁ³ [OPR QßáMee
xmsµR¶ø©y˳Ü2[ LRi−s©ôyORPQM xmsµR¶øgRiLRi÷éM aRPLkiLRi˳ÁÏ X»`½
ª«sVx¤¦¦¦Lôij LRiXµôð][ ª«sXµôðy»yø ª«sV¥¦¦¦O][Q gRiLRiV²R¶µ³¶R *ÇÁMee
@»R½VÌÁaRP+LRi˳Ü[ Õ³Ád ª«sVM xqsª«sV¸R¶VÇìÜx¤[ ¦¦¦−sL>iR LjiM
xqsLRi*ÌÁORPQßá ÌÁORPQßãÜ[ù ÌÁOUPQ øªy©±s xqs−sV¼½ÄêÁ¸R¶VMee
−sORPQL][ L][z¤¦¦¦»][ ª«sWLæ][ }¤¦¦¦»R½VLôS®ªsWµR¶LRixqs=x¤¦¦¦M
ª«sV{¤¦¦¦µ³¶R L][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³Øg][ ®ªs[giR ªy©«s−sV»yaRP©«sMee
DµR¶÷éªs« a][+˳ÁÏ ßãÜ[ ®µ¶[ªs« M $gRiLRi÷éM xmsLRi®ªs[VaRP*LRiM
NRPLRißáLi NSLRißáLi NRPLSò −sNRPLSò gRix¤¦¦¦©¯[ gRiVx¤¦¦¦Mee
ª«sùª«sry¹¸¶W ª«sùª«sróy©«sM xqsLiróy©«s róy©«sµ][ µ³¶R Xª«sM
xmsLRiLóij M xmsLRiª«sVxqsöxtsí QxqsVòxtsí QM xmsoxtsí QM aRPVÛËÁ³ [OPR QßáMee
LS®ªsW −sLS®ªsW −sLRiÇÜ[ ª«sWLæ]®[ ©s[¹¸¶W©«s¹¸¶W2©«s¸R¶VM
−dsLRiaRP+QQNPT ªò s« V»yLi úZaP[uî¡ µ³¶R L][ø µ³¶R LRiø−sµR¶V»R½ªò s« VMee
\®ªsNRPVßîáM xmsoLRiVxtsQM úFyßáM úFyßáµR¶M úxmsß᪫sM xmsX´R¶VM
z¤¦¦¦LRißáùgRiLRi÷éaPR +ú»R½V|mnsWõ ªyùF¡ò ªy¸R¶VVLRiµ³][OPR QÇÁMee
ÊÁVV»R½VxqsV=µR¶LRi+©«sM NSÌÁM xmsLRi®ªs[V{tsî Q xmsLjiúgRix¤¦¦¦M
DúgRixqs=Liª«s»R½=L][ µR¶O][Q −súaS®ªsW −saRP*µR¶OTPQßáMee
−sryòLiR M róyª«sLRiróyßáVM úxmsª«sWßáLi ÕdÁÇÁª«sVª«sù¸R¶Vª±sV
@Ló]2[ ©«sLó][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦N][a][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³Üg[ ][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦µ³¶R ©«sMee
@¬sLji*ßñáM xqsó −suî¡2LôiðR LRiø¸R¶VWF¡ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVÅÁM
©«sORPQ ú»R½®©s[−sVLRiõQOPR Q ú¼d½ ORPQªs« VM OSQªs« Vxqs=−dsVx¤¦¦¦©«sMee
¸R¶VÇìÁ BÇÜ[ù ª«sV}¤¦¦¦ÇÁùaRPè úNRP»R½Vxqs=ú»R½Li xqs»yÃæÁ¼½M
xqsLRi*µR¶Lki+ −sª«sVVNSò»yø xqsLRi*ÇìÜ[ ÇìØ©«sª«sVV»R½ªò s« Vª±sVee
xqsVúª«s»R½M xqsVª«sVVÅÁxqsW=QOPR Q øM xqsV|mnsWxtsQM qx sVÅÁµR¶M xqsVx¤¦¦¦X»`½
ª«sV©¯[x¤¦¦¦L][ ÑÁ»R½úN][µ³][ −dsLRiËØx¤¦¦¦§Lji*µyLRißáMee
ry*xms©«sxqs=Q*ª«sa][ ªyù{ms \®©sNS»yø \®©sNRPNRPLRiøNRPX»`½
ª«s»R½=L][ ª«s»R½=ÍÜ[ ª«s¼d½= LRi»R½õgRiL][÷é µ³¶R ®©s[aPR *LRiMee
 µ³¶R LRiøgRiVÊôÁð LRiøNRPXµô¶ðR Lkiø xqsµR¶xqs»`½ORPQLiR ª«sVORPQLiR ª±sV
@−sÇìØ»y xqsx¤¦¦¦ry=LiaRPVLji*µ³y»y NRPX»R½ÌÁORPQßáMee
gRi˳ÁÏ zqsò®©s[−sVxqs=µR¶*xqsó zqs=Lix¤¦Ü[ ˳ÁÏ W»R½ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiM
Aµj¶®µ¶[ª¯[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦®µ¶[ª¯[ ®µ¶[®ªs[a][ ®µ¶[ªs« ˳ÁÏ Xµæ¶R VLRiVMee
D»R½Lò ][ g][xms¼½Læ]F[ yò ÇìØ©«sgRiª«sVùM xmsoLS»R½©«sM
aRPLkiLRi˳ÁÏ W»R½Ë³ÁÏ Xµ][÷Qé NSò NRP{ms©ô¯û[ ˳ÁÏ WLjiµR¶OTPQßáMee
r¡ª«sVF¡2ª«sVX»R½xmsM r¡ª«sVM xmsoLRiVÑÁ»R½VöLRiVxqs»R½ªò s« VM
−s©«s¹¸¶W ÇÁ¸R¶VM xqs»R½ùxqs©ôð¯[ µyaSL>iR M ry»R½Qò *»yLixms¼½Mee
ÒÁª¯[ −s©«s¸R¶V»y ryOUPQ ª«sVVNRPV©ô¯2[ −sV»R½−súNRPª«sVM
@Li˳ܬ[ sµ³¶j LRi©«s©yò»yø ª«sVx¤¦Ü[µ¶R µ³¶j aRP¹¸¶W2©«sNò PR Mee
@ÇÜ[ªs« V¥¦¦¦L>iR M ry*˳ت¯[ù ÑÁ»y−sVú»R½M úxms®ªsWµR¶©«sM
A©«s©ô¯[ ©«s©ôs« ©¯[ ©«s©ôs« M xqs»R½ùµ³¶R LSø ú¼½−súNRPª«sVMee
ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ij M NRPzmsÍØ¿yLRiùM NRPX»R½ÇìÜ[ ®ªs[Vµj¶¬dsxms¼½M
ú¼½xmsµR¶zqsòQûµR¶aSµ³¶R ùQO][Q ª«sV¥¦¦¦aRPXÃæÁM NRPX»y©«sNò PR X»`½ee
ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sLSx¤¦Ü[ g][−s©ôs« M xqsV}tsQßáM NRP©«sNSÃæÁµk¶
gRiVx¤¦Ü[ù gRiÕ³dÁL][ gRix¤¦¦¦©¯[ gRiVxmsòaPR èúNRPgRiµyµ³¶R LRiMee
®ªs[µ³yM ry*ÃæÜ2[ ÑÁ»R½ NRPXuñ¡ µR¶X²³¶R xqsLiNRPL<iR ßãÜ2[ ¿RÁVù»R½M
ª«sLRiVßãÜ[ ªyLRiVßãÜ[ ª«sXORPQM xmsoxtsQäLSO][Q ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sV©yMee
˳ÁÏ gRiªy©±s ˳ÁÏ gRi¥¦¦¦©«s¬dsô ª«s©«sª«sWÖdÁ x¤¦¦¦ÍظR¶VVµ³¶R M
Aµj¶»][ù ÇÜ[ù¼½LSµj¶»R½ùM xqsz¤¦¦¦xtsñ vLæiR ¼½xqs»R½ªò s« VMee
xqsVµ³¶R ©y* ÅÁßïáxmsLRiaRPVLôSLRiVßãÜ[ úµR¶−sßáúxmsµR¶M
µj¶ª«sxqsöQûNRP=LRi*µR¶XgS*Qùr¡ ªy¿RÁxqsö¼½LRi¹¸¶W¬sÇÁMee
ú¼½ryª«sW ryª«sVgRiM ryª«sV ¬sLS*ßáLi ÛËÁ³ xt[ sQÇÁLi Õ³ÁxtsQNP`
xqs©yùxqsNRPX¿RÁèéªs« VM aS©¯[ò ¬suîyaS¬sòM xmsLS¸R¶Vß᪱sVee
aRPV˳ØÃæÁM aS¬sòµ¶R M úxqsuíy NRPVª«sVVµR¶M NRPVª«sÛÍÁ[aPR ¸R¶VM
g][z¤¦¦¦»][ g][xms¼½Læ]F[ yò ª«sXxtsQËس O][Q ª«sXxtsQúzms¸R¶VMee
@¬sª«sLki¬ò sª«sX»yò»yø xqsLiZOP[QFyò ZOP[Qªs« VNRPXÀÁèéªs« M
$ª«s»R½=ª«sOSQM $ªyxqsM $xms¼½M $ª«sV»yLi ª«sLRiMee
$µR¶M $aRPM $¬sªyxqsM $¬sµ³¶j M $−s˳ة«s©«sM
$µ³¶R LRiM $NRPLRiM úZaP[¸¶R VM $ª«sW©±s ÍÜ[NPR ú»R½¸R¶WúaRP¸R¶VMee
xqs*QOPR QM xqs*ÃæÁM aRP»y©«s©ô¯[ ©«s¬ôsLê]Q[ ù¼½LæiR âßá[aPR *LRiM
−sÑÁ»y»yø −s®µ¶³ ¸[ ¶R W»yø xqs¼d½äQQLij bò Pèé©s« õ xqsLiaRP¸R¶VMee
Dµk¶LñiR M xqsLRi*»R½aRPèQOPR VLRi¬dsaRPM aSaRP*»R½M zqsó LRiM
˳ÁÏ WaRP¹¸¶W ˳ÁÏ WxtsQßãÜ[ ˳ÏÁW¼½Lji*a][NPR M a][NPR ©yaRP©«sMee
@Ljièuyø©«sLjiè»R½NRPVLi˳Ü[ −saRPVµôðy»yø −sa][µ¶³R ©«sM
@¬sLRiVµôð]2[ úxms¼½LRi´R¶M úxmsµR¶Vù®ªsWõ2−sV»R½−súNRPª«sVM
NSÌÁ®©s[−sV¬s¥¦¦¦ −dsLRiM afLjiM aRPWLRiÇÁ®©s[aPR *LRiM
ú¼½ÍÜ[NS»yø ú¼½ÍÜ[ZNP[aPR M ZNP[aPR ª«sM ZNP[bP¥¦¦¦ x¤¦¦¦LjiMee
NSª«sV®µ¶[ªs« M NSª«sVFyÌÁM NS−dsV NS©«sò NRPX»ygRiª«sVM
@¬slLiô a[ PR ùª«sxmsoLji*xtsñ vLki*L][2©«s©¯[ò µ³¶R ©«sLiÇÁ¸R¶VMee
úÊÁx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[ù úÊÁx¤¦¦¦øNRPXµR¶÷Qû¥¦¦¦ø úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø−sª«sLôiðR ©«sM
úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø−sµy÷Qûx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[ úÊÁ{¤¦¦¦ø úÊÁx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáúzms¸R¶VMee
ª«sV¥¦¦¦úNRP®ªsW ª«sV¥¦¦¦NRPLSø ª«sV¥¦¦¦¾»½[ÇØ ª«sVx¤¦Ü[LiR gRiM
ª«sV¥¦¦¦úNRP»R½VLRiø¥¦¦¦¸R¶VÇØ* ª«sV¥¦¦¦¸R¶VÇìÜ[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦−sMee
xqsòªs« ùM xqsòªs« úzms¸R¶VM r¡òú»R½Li xqsVò¼½M r¡ò»y LRißáúzms¸R¶VM
xmspLñiR M xmspLRiLiVV»y xmsoßáùM xmsoßáùNUPLjiLò iR ©yª«sV¸R¶VMee
ª«sV©¯[ÇÁª«s{qsòLióR NRPL][ ª«sxqsVlLi[»y ª«sxqsVúxmsµR¶M
ª«sxqsVúxmsµ][ ªyxqsV®µ¶[ª¯[ ª«sxqsVLRi*xqsVª«sV©yx¤¦¦¦−sMee
xqsµæ¶R ¼½M xqs»R½äQX¼½M xqs»yò xqsµR¶W÷é¼½M xqs»R½öLS¸R¶VßáM
aRPWLRi}qs©¯[ ¸R¶VµR¶VúZaP[xtsî Q xqs¬sõªyxqsM xqsV¸R¶Wª«sVV©«sMee
˳ÁÏ W»yªyr¡ ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« M xqsLS*xqsV¬sÌÁ¹¸¶W2©«sÌÁM
µR¶LRiö¥¦¦¦ µR¶LRiöµ][2µR¶XF¡ò µR¶VLôiðR L][2´yxmsLSÑÁ»R½Mee
−saRP*ª«sVWLjiLò iR ø¥¦¦¦ª«sVWLjiLò iôk xmsòªs« VWLjiLò iR ª«sVWLjiªò s« W©±s
@®©s[NPR ª«sVWLjiLò iR ª«sùQQNPR Mò aRP»R½ª«sVWLjiMò aRP»y©«s©«sMee
GN][\®©sNRPM xqsòxªs« M NRPM NTPLi ¸R¶V»R½»ò ½R öµR¶ª«sV©«sV»R½ªò s« Vª±sV
ÍÜ[NPR ÊÁ©ôsð« VLý]N[ PR ©y´][ ª«sWµ³¶R ª¯[ ˳ÁÏ NRPªò s« »R½=ÌÁMee
xqsVª«sLñiR ª«sLñ][ }¤¦¦¦ª«sWÃæÜ[ ª«sLSÃæÁaRPè©ôs« ©yÃôÁµk¶
−dsLRi¥¦¦¦ −sxtsQªs« VM aRPW©¯[ù xmsn VX»ybdPLRi¿RÁÌÁaRPèÌÁMee
@ª«sW¬ds ª«sW©«sµ][ ª«sW©¯[ù ÍÜ[NPR ry*−dsV ú¼½ÍÜ[NPR µ³¶R X»`½
xqsV®ªs[Vµ³y ®ªs[Vµ³¶R ÇÜ[ µ³¶R ©«sùM xqs»R½ù ®ªs[Vµ³y µ³¶R LSµ³¶R LRiMee
¾»½[ÇÜ[ ª«sXu¡ µR¶Vù¼½µ³¶R LRiM xqsLRi*aRPxqsòQû˳ÁÏ X»yLi ª«sLRiM
úxmsúgRix¤¦Ü[ ¬súgRix¤¦Ü[ ª«sùúg][ \®©sNRPaRPXÃæÜ[ gRiµyúgRiÇÁMee
¿RÁ»R½VLRiWøQQLij aò PR è»R½VLS÷x¤¦¦¦§aRPè»R½VLRiW*Qùx¤¦¦¦aRPè»R½VLæiR ¼½M
¿RÁ»R½VLS»yøaRPè»R½VLS÷éªs« aRPè»R½VlLi[*µR¶−s®µ¶[NPR Fy»`½ee
qx sª«sWª«sL][2ò ¬sª«sX»yò»yø µR¶VLêiR ¹¸¶W µR¶VLRi¼½úNRPª«sVM
µR¶VLýiR ˳Ü[ µR¶VLæiR ®ªsW µR¶VLæ][ µR¶VLSªyr¡ µR¶VLSLji¥¦¦¦ee
aRPV˳ØÃæÜ[ ÍÜ[NPR ryLRiÃæÁM xqsV»R½©«sVòxqsò©s« Vòªs« LôiðR ©«sM
B©ôs« ûNRPLSø ª«sV¥¦¦¦NRPLSø NRPX»R½NRPLSø NRPX»ygRiª«sVMee
DµR¶÷éªs« M xqsV©ôs« LRixqsV=©ô¯[ LRi»R½õ©y˳ÁÏ xqsV=ÍÜ[¿ÁR ©«sM
@L][ä ªyÇÁxqs©«saRP+QXÃæÁÔ ÇÁ¸R¶V©«sMò xqsLRi*−sÇêÁLiVWee
xqsVª«sLñiR ÕÁ©ôs« VLRiO][Q˳ÁÏ ùM xqsLRi*ªygkiaRP*lLi[aPR *LRiM
ª«sV¥¦¦¦úx¤¦¦¦µ][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦gRiL][ò ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³ÁÏ W»][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦¬sµ³¶j Mee
NRPVª«sVVµR¶M NRPV©ôs« LRiM NRPV©ôs« M xmsLêiR ©«sùM Fyª«s©¯[2¬sÌÁM
@ª«sVX»yLia][2ª«sVX»R½ª«sxmsoM xqsLRi*ÇìÁM xqsLRi*»][ªs« VVÅÁMee
xqsVÌÁ˳ÁÏ M xqsV©ôs« LRiM zqsµô¶ðR M aRPú»R½VÑÁ¿RÁèéú»R½V»yxms©«sM
©«sùúg][µ³]µ[ ¶R Vª«sV÷L][2aRP*»ó½R aSèßáWLS©ôs« û¬sxtswµR¶©«sMee
xqsx¤¦¦¦úryLjièM xqsxmsòÑÁx¤¦¦¦*M xqs|m^s#µò ³yxqs=xmsòªyx¤¦¦¦©«sM
@ª«sVWLjiLò iR ©«s|mnsW2ÀÁ©¯[Qò ù ˳ÁÏ ¸R¶VNRPXµR¶÷鸶R V©yaRP©«sMee
@ßáVLRi÷QXx¤¦¦¦»R½äQXaRPM xqsó WÍÜ[ gRiVßá˳ÁÏ X¬sõLæiR VßãÜ[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦©±s
@µ³¶R X»R½M xqs*µ³¶R X»R½M ry*xqsù úFygRi*Lia][ ª«sLiaRPª«sLôiðR ©«sMee
˳ØLRi˳ÏÁX»R½ä´j¶»][ ¹¸¶Wgki ¹¸¶WgkiaRPM xqsLRi*NSª«sVµR¶M
AúaRPª«sVM úaRPª«sVßáM OSQªs« VM xqsVxmsLñ][ ªy¸R¶VVªyx¤¦¦¦©«sMee
µ³¶R ©«sVLôiðR L][ µ³¶R ©«sVlLi[*µ][ µR¶©ï¯[ µR¶ª«sVLiVV»y µR¶ª«sVM
@xmsLSÑÁ»R½M xqsLRi*xqsx¤¦Ü[ ¬s¸R¶V©yò ¬s¸R¶V®ªsW ¸R¶Vª«sVMee
xqs»R½Qò *ªy©±s ry¼½*NRPxqs=»R½ùM xqs»R½ùµ³¶R LRiøxmsLS¸R¶VßáM
@Õ³ÁúFy¸R¶VM úzms¸R¶WL>]2[ L>iR M úzms¸R¶VNRPX¼d½öQû¼½ª«sLôiðR ©«sMee
−s¥¦¦¦¸R¶VxqsgRi¼½Lê]Q[ ù¼½M xqsVLRiVÀÁL>iR V»R½Ë³ÁÏ Vgji*˳ÁÏ VM
LRi−sLji*L][¿ÁR ©«sM xqsWLRiùM xqs−s»y LRi−sÍÜ[¿ÁR ©«sMee
@©«s©¯[ò x¤¦¦¦§»R½Ë³ÁÏ Vg][÷Qé NSò xqsVÅÁµ][ \®©sNRPÇÜ[2úgRiÇÁM
@¬sLji*ßñáM xqsµyª«sVL<ik ÍÜ[NSµ³¶j uîy©«sª«sVµR¶V÷黽R Mee
xqs©y»R½=©y»R½©«s»R½ª«sVM NRPzmsÌÁM NRPzmsLRiª«sù¸R¶VM
xqs*zqsòµ¶R M xqs*zqsòNPR X»R½=Q*zqsò xqs*zqsòËÁ³Ï VNRP=Q*zqsòµ¶R OTPQßáMee
@L_úµR¶M NRPV©ïs« ÖdÁ ¿RÁúNUP −súNRPª«sVWùLêij »R½aSxqs©«sM
aRPËôؼ½gRiM aRPÊôÁxqsx¤¦¦¦M bPbPLRiM aRPLRi*LkiNRPLRiMee
@úNRPWLRiM }msaRPÍÜ[ µR¶O][Q µR¶OTPQßáM ORPQ−sVßØLi ª«sLRiM
−sµR¶*»R½®ò ªsW −ds»R½Ë³ÁÏ ¸R¶VM xmsoßáùúaRPª«sßáNUPLRi©ò s« M
 D»yòLiR ßãÜ[ µR¶VxtsQäQX¼½¥¦¦¦ xmsoßãÜ[ù µR¶Vxqs=Q*xmsõ©yaRP©«sM
−dsLRi¥¦¦¦ LRiORPQßáM xqs©¯[ò ÒÁª«s©«sM xmsLRiùª«szqsó »R½Mee
@©«s©«sLò iR WF¡2©«s©«s$ ò Lêij »R½ª«sV©«sVùLRi÷鸶R Wxmsx¤¦¦¦M
¿RÁ»R½VLRiúr¡ gRiÕ³Ád LS»yø −sµj¶a][ ªyùµj¶a][ µj¶aRPMee
@©yµj¶LRiW÷éLiR V÷骯[ ÌÁOUPQ øM xqsV−dsL][ LRiVÀÁLSÃæÁµR¶M
ÇÁ©«s©¯[ ÇÁ©«sÇÁ©yøµj¶Lki÷鮪sW Õ³Ád ª«sVxmsLSúNRPª«sVMee
Aµ³yLRi¬sÌÁ¹¸¶W µ³y»y xmsoxtsQö¥¦¦¦xqsM úxmsÇØgRiLRiM
ELôiðR Q*gRiM xqs»R½ö´y¿yLRiM úFyßáµR¶M úxmsß᪫sM xmsßáMee
úxmsª«sWßáLi úFyßá¬sÌÁ¸R¶VM úFyßá˳ÁÏ X»yöQûßáÒÁª«s©«sM
»R½»R½Qò *Li »R½»R½òQ*−s®µ¶[NS»yø ÇÁ©«søª«sVX»R½VùÇÁLS¼½gRiMee
˳ÁÏ WLRiV÷éªs« xqs=Q*xqsòLiR VryòLiR M xqs−s»y úxmszms»yª«sVx¤¦¦¦M
¸R¶VÇìÜ[ ¸R¶VÇìÁxms¼½LRiùÇØ* ¸R¶VÇìØQÃæÜ[ ¸R¶VÇìÁªyx¤¦¦¦©«sMee
¸R¶VÇìÁ˳ÏÁXµR¶ùÇìÁNRPXµR¶ùÒìÁ ¸R¶VÇìÁ˳ÁÏ VgRiùÇìÁryµ³¶R ©«sM
¸R¶VÇìØ©«sNò PR XµR¶ùÇìÁgRiVx¤¦¦¦ùª«sV©«sõª«sV©yõµR¶ Gª«s ¿RÁMee
A»R½ø¹¸¶W¬sM xqs*¸R¶VLiÇØ»][ \®ªsÆØ©«sM ryª«sVgS¸R¶V©«sM
®µ¶[ªs« NUP©«s©ôs« ©«sxqs=Qûuíy OTPQ¼½d aRPM Fyxms©yaRP©«sMee
aRPÃåÁ˳ÁÏ X©«sõQ©sô« NUP ¿RÁúNUP aSL`iÃæÁµ³¶R ©y* gRiµyµ³¶R LRiM
LRi´yÃæÁFyßÓáLRiO][QËÁ³Ï ùM xqsLRi*úxmsx¤¦¦¦LRißظR¶VVµ³¶R Mee
$ xqsLRi*úxmsx¤¦¦¦LRißظR¶VVµ³¶R JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½

ª«s©«sª«sWÖdÁ gRiµk¶aSL`iÃæÔÁ aRPLiÐdÁ ¿RÁúNUP ¿RÁ ©«s©ôs« NUP

$ª«sW©yõLS¸R¶VßãÜ[ −sxtsñ vLS*xqsV®µ¶[ª¯[2Õ³ÁLRiORPQ»½R Vee
ee$ªyxqsV®µ¶[ª¯[2Õ³ÁLRiORPQ»½R V JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½ee
 xmsn ÌÁúaRPV¼½ aý]N[ PR ª«sVVÌÁV
B¼d½µR¶Li NUPLRi¬ò sd ¸R¶Vxqsù ZNP[aPR ª«sxqsù ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½ø©«sM
©yª«sWõLi xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi µj¶ªyù©yª«sVZaP[}tsQßá úxmsNUPLji»ò ½R ª±sVee
¸R¶V BµR¶Li aRPXßáV¸R¶W¬sõ»R½ùLi ¸R¶VaSèzms xmsLjiNUPLRi¹ò ¸¶[V»`½
©y aRPV˳ÁÏ Li úFyxmsoõ¸R¶W¼½äÄÁè»][=2ª«sVVú¾»½[x¤¦¦¦ ¿RÁ ª«sW©«sª«sMee
®ªs[µy©«sgò ][ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáry=Qù»`½ ORPQ ú¼½¹¸¶W −sÇÁLiVW˳ÁÏ # ®ªs[»½`
\®ªsa][ùµ³¶R ©«sxqsª«sVXµô¶ðR ry=Qù»`½ aRPWúµR¶xqsVÅÁª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R¶W»`½ee
µ³¶R LSøLóik úFyxmsoõ¸R¶Wµô¶ðR LRiøLi @LóSQLiók ¿yLóiR ª«sWxmsoõ¸R¶W»`½
NSª«sW©«sªyxmsoõ¸R¶W»yä−dsV úxmsÇØLóik ¿yxmsoõ¸R¶W»R½öQûÇØMee
˳ÁÏ NTPªò s« W©«sùM xqsµ][»óy¸R¶V aRPVÀÁxqsòµ¶æR »R½ª«sW©«sxqsM
xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« xqsù ©yª«sWõ®ªs[V»R½»R½öQûNUPLRi¹ò ¸¶[V»`½ee
¸R¶VaRPM úFyF¡õ¼½ −sxmsoÌÁLi ¸R¶W¼½úFyµ³y©«sù®ªs[Vª«s ¿RÁ
@¿RÁÍØLi úbP¸R¶Vª«sWF¡õ¼½ úZaP[¸¶R VM úFyF¡õ»R½ù©«sV»R½ªò s« Vª±sVee
©«s ˳ÁÏ ¸R¶VLi NRP*ÀÁµyF¡õ¼½ −dsLRiùLi ¾»½[ÇÁaRPè −s©ôs« ¼½
˳ÁÏ ª«s»R½ùL][g][ µR¶Vù¼½ª«sW©±s ÊÁÌÁLRiWxmsgRiVßجs*»R½Mee
L][gSL][ªò s« VV¿RÁù¾»½[ L][gSµR¶÷µôð][ ª«sVV¿Á[ù»R½ ÊÁ©ôsð« ©y»`½
˳ÁÏ ¸R¶W©«sVø¿Á[ù»R½ Õ³dÁ»R½xqsVò ª«sVV¿Á[ù»yxms©«sõ AxmsµR¶Mee
µR¶VLæSßáù¼½»R½LRi»yùaRPV xmsoLRiVxtsQM xmsoLRiVu¡»R½ªò s« Vª±sV
xqsVòªs« ©yõª«sVxqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßá ¬s»R½ùLi ˳ÏÁNTPò xqsª«sV¬s*»R½Mee
ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªyúaRP¹¸¶W ª«sVL][Qò ù ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« xmsLS¸R¶VßáM
xqsLRi*Fyxms−saRPVµôðy»yø ¸R¶W¼½ úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø xqs©y»R½©«sª±sVee
©«s ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« ˳ÁÏ NSò©yª«sVaRPV˳ÁÏ Li −sµR¶ù¾»½[ NRP*ÀÁ»`½
ÇÁ©«søª«sVX»R½VùÇÁLSªyùµ³¶j ˳ÏÁ¸R¶VLi \®©sª¯[xmsÇظR¶V¾»½[ee
Bª«sVLi xqsòªs« ª«sVµ³¶k ¸R¶W©«sM úaRPµôðy˳ÁÏ NTPxqò sª«sV¬s*»R½M
¸R¶VVÛÇÁ[ùµy»R½øxqsVÅÁOSQ¬sò $µ³¶R X¼½xqsøQX¼½NUPLjiÕò Á³ Mee
©«s úN][µ³][ ©«s¿RÁ ª«sW»R½=LRiùLi ©«sÍÜ[˳Ü[ ©yaRPVË³Ø ª«sV¼½M
˳ÁÏ ª«s¬sò NRPX»R½ xmsoßØù©yLi ˳ÁÏ NSò©yLi xmsoLRiVu¡»R½®ò ªs[Vee
µ_ùM xqs¿RÁ©ôyûLRiä ©«sORPQ ú»y ÅÁLi µj¶a][ ˳ÁÏ WLRiøx¤¦Ü[µR¶µ³¶j M
ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« xqsù −dslLi[ùßá −sµ³¶R X»y¬s ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½ø©«sMee
xqsxqsVLSxqsVLRigRi©ôsð« LRi*Li xqs¸R¶VO][QLiR gRiLSORPQxqsª±sV
ÇÁgRiµR¶*ZaP[ ª«sLRi¾ò »½[µ¶R Li NRPXxtsñ Qxqsù xqs¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiª±sVee
 B¬ôsû¸R¶WßÓá ª«sV©¯[ ÊÁVµô¶ðj M xqs»R½Qò *Li ¾»½[ÇÜ[ ÊÁÌÁLi µ³¶R X¼½M
ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªy»R½øNS©yùx¤¦¦¦§M ZOP[Q ú»R½Li ZOP[Q ú»R½ÇìÁ Gª«s ¿RÁee
xqsLS*gRiª«sW©yª«sW¿yLRiM úxms´R¶ª«sVLi xmsLjiNRPÌÁö¾»½[
A¿yLRiúxms˳ÁÏ ª¯[ µ³¶R L][ø µ³¶R LRiøxqsù úxms˳ÁÏ VLRi¿RÁVù»R½Mee
ÊÁVVxtsQ¸¶R VM zms»R½L][ ®µ¶[ªy ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³ÁÏ W»y¬s µ³y»R½ª«sM
ÇÁÃæÁª«sWÇÁÃæÁª«sVLi ¿Á[µ¶R Li ÇÁgRi©yõLS¸R¶Vßãܵ[ ¶R ÷éªs« ª±sVee
¹¸¶Wg][ ÇìØ©«sLi »R½´y ryLiÅÁùLi −sµyùbPÍØöµj¶NRPLRiø ¿RÁ
®ªs[µyaS+ryòQûßÓá−sÇìØ©«sª±sV G»R½»R½=LRi*Li ÇÁ©yLôiR ©y»`½ee
GN][ −sxtsñ vLRiøx¤¦¦¦LRiW÷黽R Li xmsX´R¶gRiW÷é»y©«sù®©s[NPR aRPM
ú¼½·ÍýÜN[ S©y*Qùxmsù ˳ÁÏ W»y»yø ˳ÁÏ VLiZNP[ò −saRP*˳ÁÏ VgRiª«sù¸R¶VMee
Bª«sVLixqsòªs« Li ˳ÁÏ gRiª«s»][ −suñ¡LS*Qù}qs©«s NUPLji»ò ½R ª±sV
xmslhi[µ¶R ù B¿Á[è»é ½R VöLRiVxtsQM úZaP[¸¶R VM úFyxmsoòLi xqsVÆجs ¿RÁee
−sZaP[*aRP*LRiª«sV¸R¶VLi ®µ¶[ªs« Li ÇÁgRi»R½M úxms˳ÁÏ Vª«sVxmsù¸R¶Vª±sV
˳ÁÏ ÇÁ¬sò ¹¸¶[V xmsoxtsQäLSORPQLi ©«s¾»½[ ¸R¶WLi¼½ xmsLS˳ÁÏ ª«sª±sVee
ee©«s¾»½[ ¸R¶WLi¼½ xmsLS˳ÁÏ ª«sª±sV JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½ee

@LêiR V©«s Dªy¿RÁ

xmsµR¶øxmsú»R½ −saSÍØORPQ xmsµR¶ø©y˳ÁÏ xqsVL][»½R ªò s« V
˳ÁÏ NSòªs« V©«sVLRiNSò©yLi ú»y»y ˳ÁÏ ª«s ÇÁ©yLôiR ©«sMee

$˳ÁÏ gRiªy©«sVªy¿RÁ
¹¸¶W ª«sWLi ©yª«sVxqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßá r¡ò»½R V −sV¿RÁèé¼½ Fyßï᪫s
r¡2x¤¦¦¦®ªs[VZNP[©s« aý]Z[ NP[©s« xqsVò»½R Gª«s ©«s xqsLiaRP¸R¶VMee
eexqsVò»½R Gª«s ©«s xqsLiaRP¸R¶V JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½ee

ªyùxqs Dªy¿RÁ
ªyxqs©yµy*xqsV®µ¶[ªs« xqsù ªyzqs»R½Li ˳ÁÏ Vª«s©«sú»R½¸R¶Vª±sV
xqsLRi*˳ÁÏ W»R½ ¬sªyr¡2zqs ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« ©«s®ªsW2xqsVò¾»½[ee
ee$ ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« ©«s®ªsW2xqsVò»½R JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½ee
FyLRi*»R½Vùªy¿RÁ
ZNP[©¯[Fy¹¸¶[V©«s ÌÁxmsn VV©y −suñ¡LSõª«sV xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsNRPª±sV
xmshRiù¾»½[ xmsßïáÓ \¾»½Ljiõ»R½ùLi úa][»½R V −sV¿yèéªs« Vùx¤¦¦¦Li úxms˳Üe[ e

CaRP*LRi Dªy¿RÁ
$LSª«sV LSª«sV LS®ªs[V¼½ LRi®ªs[V LS®ªs[V ª«sV©¯[LiR ®ªs[V
xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©yª«sV»R½»R½VòÌÁùLi LSª«sV©yª«sV ª«sLS©«s®©s[ee
ee$LSª«sV©yª«sV ª«sLS©«s©«s JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½ee

úÊÁx¤¦Ü[øªy¿RÁ
©«s®ªsW2xqsòQ*©«sLi»y¸R¶V xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsª«sVWLRi¹ò ¸¶[V xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsFyµyOTPQbPL][LiR VËØx¤¦¦¦®ªs[
xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©y®ªs[Võ xmsoLRiVuy¸R¶V aSaRP*¾»½[ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsN][ÉÁÔ ¸R¶VVgRiµ³yLjiâßá[ ©«sª«sVMee
ee$xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsN][ÉÁÔ ¸R¶VVgRiµ³yLjiâßá[JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½ ee

qx sÄêÁ¸R¶V Dªy¿RÁ
¸R¶Vú»R½ ¹¸¶WgkiaRP*LRiM NRPXuñ¡ ¸R¶Vú»R½ FyLó][ µ³¶R ©«sVLôiðR LRiM
»R½ú»R½ $Lji*ÇÁ¹¸¶W ˳ÁÏ W¼½LôiðR Vûªy ¬ds¼½LRiø¼½LRiøª«sVee

$˳ÁÏ gRiªy©«sVªy¿RÁ
@©«s©yùbPè©«s¸ò ¶R V©¯[ò ª«sWLi ¹¸¶[V ÇÁ©yM xmsLRiVùFyxqs¾»½[
¾»½[uyLi ¬s»yùÕ³Á¸R¶VVNSò©yLi ¹¸¶WgRiZOP[Qªs« VLi ª«s¥¦¦¦ª«sVùx¤¦¦¦ª±sVee
xmsLjiú»yßظR¶V ryµ³¶R W©yLi −s©yaS¸R¶V ¿RÁ µR¶VxtsQäQX»yª±sV
µ³¶R LRiøxqsLiróyxms©yLóS¸R¶V xqsLi˳ÁÏ ªy−sV ¸R¶VVlgi[ ¸R¶VVlgi[ee
ALSò −sxtsQßØñ M bP´j¶ÍØaRPè Õ³Ád »yM e |mnsWlLi[xtsv ¿RÁ ªyùµ³¶j xtsv ª«sLRiªò s« W©y
xqsLiNUPLRiQò ù ©yLS¸R¶Vßá aRPÊôÁ ª«sWú»R½Li e −sª«sVVNRPµò ¶R VMÆØM xqsVÐÁ©¯[ ˳ÁÏ ª«s¬sòee
NS¹¸¶[V©«s ªy¿y ª«sV©«s}qs¬ôsûQ\¹¸¶VLS* e ÊÁVµôðyù2»R½ø©y ªy úxmsNRPX¾»½[M xqs*˳تy»`½
NRPL][−sV ¸R¶VµR¶ù»R½=NRPÌÁLi xmsLRi\|qs#ø e ©yLS¸R¶Vßع¸¶[V¼½ xqsª«sVLRiö¸R¶W−sVee
 xmsLi¿y¸R¶VVµ³¶R r¡òú»R½ª±sV
qx sVöéLiR »R½=x¤¦¦¦úryLRi bPÆؼ½¼d½úª«sLi xqsVµR¶LRi+©«sLi ˳ØxqsäLRiN][ÉÁÓ »R½VÌÁùLie
xqsVLRiµj¶*uyLi úFyßá−s©ybP −suñ¡M ¿RÁúNRPLi xqsµyx¤¦¦¦Li aRPLRißáLi úxmsxms®µ¶[ùee

−suñ¡LRiVøÆÜ[»óy¬sÌÁxmspLji»R½xqsù ¸R¶Vxqsù µ³¶R *¬sLôS©«sª«sµR¶LRiöx¤¦¦¦©yòe

»R½Li FyLi¿RÁÇÁ©«sùLi aRPbPN][ÉÓÁ aRPVú˳ÁÏ Li aRPLiÅÁLi xqsµyx¤¦¦¦Li aRPLRißáLi úxmsxms®µ¶[ùee

z¤¦¦¦LRißáøLiVWLi ®ªs[VLRiVxqsª«sW©«sryLSLi N_®ªsWµR¶NUPLi \®µ¶»R½ùNRPV\ÛÍÁNRP x¤¦¦¦¬dsQò ûLi e

\®ªsNRPVLihRiªyª«sWúgRiNRPLSÕ³Áª«sVXuíyLi gRiµyLi xqsµyx¤¦¦¦Li aRPLRißáLi úxmsxms®µ¶[ùee

LRiO][QxqsVLSßØLi NRPhji©¯[úgRiNRPLihRi¿Á[èµR¶ORPQLiR ¿][èßÓá»R½µj¶gôiðR ryLRiª±sV e

»R½Li ©«sLiµR¶NRPLi ©yª«sV x¤¦¦¦lLi[M úxmsµk¶xmsòLi ÅÁ²æ¶R Li qx sµyx¤¦¦¦Li aRPLRißáLi úxmsxms®µ¶[ùee

¸R¶VÇêØù¬s©yµR¶úaRPª«sßØ»R½V=LSßØLi ¿Á[»yLizqs ¬sLRiVøQQNPR Ëò Á³Ï ¸R¶W¬s xqsµR¶ùM e

˳ÁÏ ª«sLi¼½ \®µ¶»yùaRP¬s ËØß᪫slLi<^ M aSL`iÃæÁLi xqsµyx¤¦¦¦Li aRPLRißáLi úxmsxms®µ¶[ùee

Bª«sVLi x¤¦¦¦lLi[ xmsLi¿RÁª«sV¥¦¦¦¸R¶VVµ³y©yLi xqsòªs« Li xmshRiµ][ù©«sVµj¶©«sLi úxms˳ؾ»½[ e

xqsª«sVxqsò µR¶VMÆجs ˳ÁÏ ¸R¶W¬s xqsµR¶ùM FyFy¬s ©«saRPùLi¼½ xqsVÆجs xqsLi¼½ ee

ª«s®©s[ LRiâßá[ aRPú»R½V ÇÁÍØgjiõ ª«sV®µ¶³ [ù ¸R¶VµR¶X¿RÁè鸶R Wxms»R½V= ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³ÁÏ # ¹¸¶[Vxtsv e

BµR¶Li xmshRiLi r¡òú»R½ª«sV©yNRPVÍØ»yø xqsVÐdÁ˳ÁÏ # ®ªs[»½R »ò ½R äQX»R½ xqsLRi* LRiORPQM ee
 µy*µR¶aRP ©yª«sV xmsLiÇÁLRi r¡òú»R½ª±sV
mx soLRiryò¾»½[äaRPª«sLi Fy»R½V ¿RÁúNUP ÇØLiÊÁW©«s µR¶úxms˳ÁÏ M e
xmsaSè©yõLS¸R¶VßáaRP+LiÐdÁ ¬dsÌÁÒÁª«sVW»R½ xqs¬sõ˳ÁÏ M ee

BLiµk¶ª«sLRiµR¶ÎÏÁ aSù®ªsW ª«sWµ³¶R ª¯[LiôðR Q*Li gRiµyµ³¶R LRiM e

g][−sLiµ][ µR¶OTPQâßá[ FylLi[+Q* µ³¶R ¬ds* ¿RÁ©Rô ûúxms˳Ü[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦©±s ee

D»R½lò Li[ x¤¦¦¦ÌÁ˳ÁÏ Xµj¶*xtsñ vM xmsµR¶øNTPLiÇÁÌÁä xqs¬sõ˳ÁÏ M e

Algi[õ¸R¶WùLRi−sLiµy˳ÁÏ M ª«sVVxqsÖdÁ ª«sVµ³¶R VxqsWµR¶©«sM ee

ú¼½−súNRPª«sVM ÅÁ²æ¶R FyßÓáM ¬sLRiX»yùLi ÇÁ*ÌÁ©«súxms˳ÁÏ M e

ªy¸R¶VVªyùLi ªyª«sV©¯[ ª«súÑÁ »R½LRiVßصj¶»R½ù µk¶zmsòªs« W©±s ee

HaS©yùLi xmsoLi²R¶LkiNSORPQM $µ³¶R LRiM xmsÈíÁry¸R¶VVµ³¶R M e

−sµR¶Vù»R½öQû˳Ü[ x¤¦¦¦X{tsQZNP[aPR M xqs ËØ¥¦¦¦ùLi µj¶bP ª«sVVµæ¶R Lki ee

¤x ¦¦¦X»R½ö®µ¶[ø xmsµR¶ø©y˳ܮ[ ªs[Vxqsx¤¦¦¦úryLRiäxqsª«sVúxms˳ÁÏ M e

xqsLS*¸R¶VVµ³¶R xqs=LRi*aRPNTPMò xqsLRi*ÇìÁM xqsLRi*»][ ª«sVVÅÁM ee

B©ôs« ûN][xmsNRPxqsLiNSaRPM FyaRPx¤¦¦¦r¡ò xmsLSÑÁ»R½M e

xqsËØ¥¦¦¦ù˳ÁÏ ù©«sLò iR Li ®µ¶[x¤¦¦¦Li ªyùxmsù µy®ªsWµR¶LRiLi zqsó »R½M ee

Gª«sLi xqsLRi*ú»R½ ª«sVÀÁèú»R½Li ©yª«sVµy*µR¶aRP xmsLiÇÁLRiLi e

úxms−suí¡x¤¦¦¦Li ©«s®ªs[V NTPLiÀÁ»`½ ˳ÁÏ ¸R¶Vª«sVzqsò NRPµy¿RÁ©«s ee

˳ÁÏ ¸R¶VLi ©yzmsò NRPµy¿RÁ©«s JLi ©«sª«sV B¼½

 AxmsµR¶VµôðyLRiNRP r¡òú»R½ª±sV
Axmsµyª«sVxmsx¤¦¦¦LSòLiR Li µy»yLRiLi xqsLRi*xqsLixmsµyLi e
ÍÜ[NSÕ³ÁLSª«sVLi $LSª«sVLi ˳ÁÏ W¹¸¶W ˳ÁÏ W¹¸¶W ©«sª«sWª«sVùx¤¦¦¦Li ee
ALSò©yª«sWLjix¤ò ¦¦¦©yòLiR Li Õ³Ád »y©yLi Õ³Ád ¼½©yaRP©«sLi e
µj¶*xtsQµyLiNSÌÁµR¶Li²R¶Li »R½Li LSª«sV¿RÁLiúµR¶Li ©«sª«sWª«sVùx¤¦¦¦Li ee
@úgRi»R½M xmsXxtsî Q»½R \ZaPQQ誫s FyLRi+Q*»R½aRPè ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÊÁÍÝ e
ANRPLñiR xmspLñiR µ³¶R ©y*©_ LRiZOP[Q»yLi LSª«sVÌÁORPQ øßÝ ee
qx s©«sõQµ¶ôðR M NRPª«sÀdÁ ÅÁ²æ¶U ¿yxmsËØßáµ³¶R L][ ¸R¶VVªy e
gRi¿RÁèé©s± ª«sWª«sVúgRi»][ ¬s»R½ùLi LSª«sVM Fy»R½V xqsÌÁORPQ øßáM ee
©«sª«sVM N][µ¶R Li²R¶x¤¦¦¦ryò¸¶R V xqsLiµ³¶k NRPX»R½ aRPLS¸R¶V¿RÁ e
ÅÁLi²T¶»yÐÁÌÁ \®µ¶»yù¸R¶V LSª«sW¸R¶Wxms¬sõªyLjiâßá[ ee
LSª«sW¸R¶V LSª«sV˳ÁÏ úµy¸R¶V LSª«sV¿RÁLiúµy¸R¶V ®ªs[µ¶³R }qs e
LRixmsn VV©y´y¸R¶V ©y´y¸R¶V {qs»y¸R¶WM xms»R½¹¸¶[V ©«sª«sVM ee
@¿RÁVù»y©«sLiµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶ ©y®ªsW¿yèLRißá ÛËÁ³ xt[ sQÇØ»`½ e
©«saRPùLi¼½ xqsNRPÍØ L][gSM xqs»R½ùLi xqs»R½ùLi ª«sµyª«sVùx¤¦¦¦ª±sV ee
@¿RÁVù»y©«sLiµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶ −suñ¡ ©yLS¸R¶Vßت«sVX»R½ e
L][gS®©s[ø ©yaRP¸R¶WZaP[uy©yaRPV µ³¶R ©«s*Li»R½lLi[ x¤¦¦¦lLi[ ee
@¿RÁVù»y©«sLiµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶ −suñ¡ µ³¶R ©«s*Li»R½lLi[ x¤¦¦¦lLi[ e
ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªyÐÁÍØ©«sxqsù L][gS©±s ©yaRP¸R¶V ©yaRP¸R¶V ee
@¿RÁVù»y©«sLiµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶ xqsÀÁèµy©«sLiµR¶ aSaRP*»R½ e
ª«sV¿Á[è»][ LRiª«sV»yLi ¬s»R½ùLi »R½*¿yèLRiV¿RÁLRißØLiÊÁVÛÇÁ[ ee
¸R¶VÛÇÁì a[ S¿RÁVù»R½ g][−sLiµR¶ ª«sWµ³¶R ªy©«sLi»R½ ZNP[aPR ª«s e
NRPXxtsñ Q −suñ¡ x¤¦¦¦X{tsQZNP[aPR ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« ©«s®ªsWxqsVò¾»½[ ee
$NRPXxtsñ Q −suñ¡ ©«sXx¤¦¦¦lLi[ ª«sVVLSlLi[
úxmsµR¶Vùª«sVõ xqsLiNRPL<iR ßá ªyxqsV®µ¶[ªs« e
@ÇجsLRiWµôðyª«sVÌÁ −saRP*LRiWxms
»R½*Li Fyz¤¦¦¦ ©«sM xqsLRi*˳ÁÏ ¸R¶WµR¶ÇÁúxqsª±sV ee
¤x ¦¦¦lLi[LSª«sV x¤¦¦¦lLi[LSª«sV LSª«sVLSª«sV x¤¦¦¦lLi[x¤¦¦¦lLi[ e
x¤¦¦¦lLi[NPR Xxtsñ Q x¤¦¦¦lLi[NPR Xxtsñ Q NRPXxtsñ QNPR Xxtsñ Q x¤¦¦¦lLi[x¤¦¦¦lLi[ ee
ÇÁÛÍÁ[−sxtsñ vM xqsó ÛÍÁ[−sxtsñ vM −sxtsñ vLSNSaRPª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ e
róyª«sLRiLi ÇÁLigRiª«sVLi −sxtsñ vM xqsLRi*Li −sxtsñ vª«sV¸R¶VLi ÇÁgRi»`½ ee
qx sLRi*µ³¶R LSø©±s xmsLji»R½ùÇÁù ª«sW®ªs[VNRPLi aRPLRißáLi úª«sÇÁ e
@x¤¦¦¦Li»y* xqsLRi* Fy}ms˳Ü[ù ®ªsWORPQLiVVuyù−sV ª«sW aRPV¿RÁM ee
qx s»R½ùLi xqs»R½ùLi xmso©«sxqs»R½ù ª«sVVµô¶ðR QX»R½ù ˳ÁÏ VÇÁª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ e
®ªs[µy¿yèéxqsòQûLi xmsLRiLi ©yzqsò ©«s \®µ¶ª«sLi ZNP[aPR ªy»R½öLRiª±sV ee
aRPLkilLi[ ÇÁLëiR Lki˳ÁÏ W¾»½[ ªyùµ³¶j úgRi}qsò NRPÛÎÁ[ÊÁlLi[ e
KxtsQµ¶³R Li ÇØx¤¦¦¦õ−ds »][¸¶R VLi \®ªsµ][ù ©yLS¸R¶VßãÜ[ x¤¦¦¦LjiM ee
AÍÜ[²¶R ù xqsLRi* aSryòQûßÓá −s¿yLRiù¿RÁ xmso©«sM xmso©«sM e
BµR¶®ªs[VNRPLi xqsV¬sxtsQö©«sõLi ®µ¶³ [ù¹¸¶W ©yLS¸R¶VßãÜ[ x¤¦¦¦LjiM ee
NS¹¸¶[V©«s ªy¿y ª«sV©«s}qs¬ôsûQ\¹¸¶VLS* ÊÁVµôðyù»R½ø©y ªy úxmsNRPX¾»½[ xqs*˳تy»`½ ee
NRPL][−sV ¸R¶VµR¶ù»R½=NRPÌÁLi xmsLRi\|qs#ø ©yLS¸R¶Vßع¸¶[V¼½ xqsª«sVLRiö¸R¶W−sV ee
¸R¶VµR¶ORPQLiR xmsLRiú˳ÁÏ xtsí QLi ª«sWú»y{¤¦¦¦©«sLi»R½V ¸R¶VµR¶÷鮪s[»½` e
»R½»R½=LRi*Li ORPQªs« Vù»yLi ®µ¶[ªs« ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©«s®ªsWxqsVò¾»½[ ee
−sxqsLæiR ÕÁLiµR¶V ª«sWú»yßÓá xmsµR¶FyµyORPQLSßÓá ¿RÁ e
©«sWù©y¬s ¿y¼½LjiNSò¬s ORPQªs« Vxqs* xmsoLRiVu¡»R½ªò s« V ee
@©«sù´y aRPLRißáLi©yzqsò »R½*®ªs[Vª«s aRPLRißáLi ª«sVª«sV e
»R½ryø»yäLRiVßáù ˳خªs[©s« LRiORPQ LRiORPQ ÇÁ©yLôiR ©«s ee
JLi »R½»R½=»`½ úÊÁ¥¦¦¦øLRiöß᪫sVxqsVò ee
 $ ÌÁOUPQ ø @uí¡»R½Lò iR aRP»R½©yª«sV r¡òú»R½ª±sV
JLi $Li úbP\¹¸¶V©«sª«sVM
®µ¶[ªs« oùªy¿RÁ
®µ¶[ªs« ®µ¶[ªs« ª«sV¥¦¦¦®µ¶[ªs« ú¼½NSÌÁÇìÁ ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRi
NRPLRiVßØNRPLRi ®µ¶[®ªs[aPR ˳ÁÏ NSò©s« VúgRix¤¦¦¦NSLRiNRP
@uí¡»R½Lò iR aRP»R½ª±sV ÌÁOSQQøQù úa][»½R V−sV¿yèé−sV »R½»R½Qò *»R½Mee
CaRP*LRi Dªy¿RÁ
®µ¶[−s ryµ³¶R V ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³Ølgi[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³ØgRiù úxmsµy¸R¶VNRPª±sV
xqs\lLiQQ*aRP*LRiùNRPLRiLi xmsoßáùLi xqsLRi*FyxmsúxmsßØaRP©«sª±sVee
xqsLRi*µyLjiµR¶ûQù aRPª«sV©«sLi úaRPª«sßصR¶V÷éQ NPT ò ª«sVVNTPµò ¶R ª±sV
LSÇÁª«saRPùNRPLRiLi µj¶ª«sùLi gRiV¥¦¦¦ùµæ¶R Vx¤¦¦¦ù»R½LRiLi xmsLRiª±sVee
µR¶VLýiR ˳ÁÏ Li xqsLRi*®µ¶[ªy©yLi ¿RÁ»R½Vxts< Qztsí QNPR ÎØxqsöµR¶ª±sV
xmsµyøµk¶©yLi ª«sLSLi»y©yLi ¬sµ³¶k ©yLi ¬s»R½ùµy¸R¶VNRPª±sVee
xqsª«sVxqsò®µ¶[ªs« xqsLi}qsª«sù ª«sVßÓ᪫sWµR¶ùxtsí Qzqsµô¶ðj µR¶ª±sV
NTPª«sVú»R½ ÊÁx¤¦¦¦§©¯[ZNP[©ò s« ®µ¶[−sd úxms»R½ùQOPR Qµy¸R¶VNRPª±sVee
»R½ª«sú{ms»yù2µR¶ù ª«sOSQ−sV xqsª«sWz¤¦¦¦»R½ª«sV©yaRP+QûßáV
@uí¡»R½Lò iR aRP»R½ryùxqsù ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÌÁOUPQ øxqsVò ®µ¶[ªs« »yee
NýPU Li ÕdÁÇÁxmsµR¶−sV»R½VùQQNPR Lò i aRPNTPxqò sVò ˳ÁÏ Vª«s®©s[aPR *Lki
@LigRi©yùxqsM NRPLRi©yùxqsM xqs B»yùµj¶ úxmsNUPLji»ò ½R Mee
µ³yù©«sª±sV
ª«sLi®µ¶[xmsµR¶øNRPLSLi úxmsxqs©«sõª«sµR¶©yLi r¢Ë³ØgRiùµyLi ˳ØgRiùµyLi
x¤¦¦¦ryòËس ùª«sV˳ÁÏ ¸R¶VúxmsµyLi ª«sVßÓágRi\âßáLSõ©y−s\®µ¶³ LRiW÷éztsQ»yª±sV
˳ÁÏ NSòÕ³Ád xtsí Qªs« LRiúxmsµyLi x¤¦¦¦Ljix¤¦¦¦LRi úÊÁ¥¦¦¦øµj¶Õ³Á}qs=−s»yLi
FylLi[+Q* xmsLiNRPÇÁ aRPLiÅÁ xmsµR¶ø¬sµ³¶j Õ³ÁLRiVùQQNSòLi xqsµy aRPNTPÕò Á³ Mee
xqsLRizqsÇÁ©«s¸R¶V®©s[ xqsL][ÇÁx¤¦¦¦}qsò µ³¶R ª«sÎÏÁ»R½ª«sWLiaRPVNRP gRiLiµ³¶R ª«sWÌÁùa][ÛËÁ³ [
˳ÁÏ gRiª«s¼½ x¤¦¦¦Ljiª«sÌýÁÛËÁ³ [ ª«sV©¯[ÛÇÁì [ ú¼½Ë³ÁÏ Vª«s©«s˳ÁÏ W¼½NRPLji úxms{qsµR¶ª«sVx¤¦¦¦ùª±sVee
JLi $Li úbP\¹¸¶V©«sª«sVM
úxmsNRPX¼½Li −sNRPX¼½Li −sµyùLi xqsLRi*˳ÁÏ W»R½z¤¦¦¦»R½ úxmsµyª±sV
úaRPµôðyLi −s˳ÁÏ W¼½Li xqsVLRiÕ³ÁLi ©«sª«sW−sV xmsLRiª«sW¼½øNSLiee
ªy¿RÁLi xmsµyøÌÁ¸R¶WLi xmsµyøLi aRPVÀÁLi ry*¥¦¦¦Li xqs*µ³yLi xqsVµ³yª±sV
µ³¶R ©yùLi z¤¦¦¦LRißáøLiVWLi ÌÁOUPQ øLi ¬s»R½ùxmsouíy −s˳ت«sLkiª±sVee
 @µj¶¼½Li ¿RÁ µj¶¼½Li µk¶FyòLi ª«sxqsVµ³yLi ª«sxqsVµ³yLjißÔ᪱sV
©«sª«sW−sV NRPª«sVÍØLi NSLi»yLi ORPQªs« WLi OUPQL][µ¶R xqsLi˳ÁÏ ªyª±sVee
@©«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦xmsLSLi ÊÁVµô¶ðj ª«sV©«sxmsn WLi x¤¦¦¦Ljiª«sÌýÁ˳ØLi
@a][NSª«sVª«sVX»yLi µk¶FyòLi ÍÜ[NPR a][NPR −s©ybP¬dsª±sVee
©«sª«sW−sV µ³¶R LRiø¬sÌÁ¸R¶WLi NRPLRiVßØLi ÍÜ[NPR ª«sW»R½LRiª±sV
xmsµR¶øúzms¸R¶WLi xmsµR¶øx¤¦¦¦ryòLi xmsµyøQOPU QLi xmsµR¶øxqsVLiµR¶Lkiª±sVee
xmsµ][øµR¶÷éªyLi xmsµR¶øª«sVVÐdÁLi xmsµR¶ø©y˳ÁÏ úzms¸R¶WLi LRiª«sWª±sV
xmsµR¶øª«sWÍص³¶R LSLi ®µ¶[−sd Li xmsµj¶ø¬dsLi xmsµR¶øgRiLiµ³¶j ¬dsª±sVee
xmsoßáùgRiLiµ³yLi xqsVúxmsxqs©yõLi úxmsryµyÕ³Áª«sVVÐdÁLi úxms˳ت±sV
©«sª«sW−sV ¿RÁ©ôs« ûª«sµR¶©yLi ¿RÁ©ôyûLi ¿RÁ©ôs« ûxqsx¤¦Ü[µ¶R Lkiª±sVee
¿RÁ»R½VLRiV÷éÇØLi ¿RÁLiúµR¶LRiWFy−sVLiµj¶LS−sVLiµR¶VbdP»R½Íت±sV
A¥ý¦¦¦µR¶ÇÁ©«s¬dsLi xmsoztsí QLi bPªyLi bPª«sNRPLkiLi xqs¼d½ª±sVee
−sª«sVÍØLi −saRP*ÇÁ©«s¬dsLi »R½Vztsí QLi µyLjiµR¶ûQù©ybP¬dsª±sV
ú{ms¼½xmsoxtsQäLjißÔáLi aSLi»yLi aRPVNýPR ª«sWÍØùLiÊÁLSLi úbP¸R¶Wª±sVee
˳ØxqsäLkiLi ÕÁÌÁ*¬sÌÁ¸R¶WLi ª«sLSL][¥¦¦¦Li ¸R¶VaRPzqs*¬dsª±sV
ª«sxqsVLiµ³¶R LSLi ª«sVVµyLSLigSLi x¤¦¦¦LjißÔáLi }¤¦¦¦ª«sVª«sWÖÁ¬dsª±sVee
µ³¶R ©«sµ³y©«sùNRPLkiLi zqsµô¶ðj Li |q^s#Qò ûßár¢ª«sWùLi aRPV˳ÁÏ úxmsµyª±sV
©«sXxms®ªs[aPR øgRi»y©«sLiµyLi ª«sLRiÌÁOUPQ øLi ª«sxqsVúxmsµyª±sVee
aRPV˳ØLi z¤¦¦¦LRißáùúFyNSLSLi xqsª«sVVúµR¶»R½©«s¸R¶WLi ÇÁ¸R¶Wª±sV
©«sª«sW−sV ª«sVLigRiÎØLi ®µ¶[−sd Li −sxtsñ vª«sORPQ xqsó ÌÁzqsó »yª±sVee
−sxtsñ vxms¼d½õLi úxmsxqs©yõQOPU QLi ©yLS¸R¶Vßá xqsª«sWúbP»yª±sV
µyLjiµR¶ûQùµ³¶R *Lizqs¬dsLi ®µ¶[−sd Li xqsL][*xmsúµR¶ª«sªyLjißÔ᪱sVee
©«sª«sµR¶VLæSLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦NS×dÁLi úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø−sxtsñ vbPªy¼½øNSª±sV
ú¼½NSÌÁÇìØ©«s xqsLixms©yõLi ©«sª«sW−sV ˳ÁÏ Vª«s®©s[aPR *Lkiª±sVee
ÌÁOUPQ øLi OUPQLiR xqsª«sVVúµR¶»R½©«s¸R¶WLi $LRiLigRiµ³y®ªs[VaRP*Lkiª±sV
µy{qs˳ÁÏ W»R½xqsª«sVxqsò®µ¶[ªs« ª«s¬s»yLi ÍÜ[\ZNPNRPµk¶FyLiNRPVLSª±sV
$ª«sV©«søLiµR¶ NRPÉØORPQÌÁÊôÁð −s˳ÁÏ ª«s úÊÁ}¤¦¦¦øLiúµR¶ gRiLigSµ³¶R LSª±sV
»y*Li \¾»½QûÍÜ[NPR ùNRPVÈÁVLiÕÁ¬dsLi xqsLRizqsÇØLi ª«sLi®µ¶[ªs« VVNRPVLiµR¶úzms¸R¶Wª±sVee
ª«sW»R½LRiõª«sW−sV NRPª«sVÛÍÁ[ NRPª«sVÍظR¶V»yOTPQ
$−sxtsñ vx¤¦¦¦X»R½äª«sVÌÁªyzqs¬s −saRP*ª«sW»R½M
OUPQlLi[µ¶R ÛÇÁ[ NRPª«sVÌÁN][ªs« VÌÁgRiLRi÷ég_Lji
ÌÁOUPQ øLi úxmsxqs©«sõ xqs»R½»R½Li ©«sª«sV»yLi aRPLRiâßá[ùee
 ú¼½NSÌÁLi ¹¸¶W ÇÁ}msµj¶*µy*©±s xtsQßØøxqsLi −sÑÁ¾»½[¬sô û¸R¶VM
µyLjiµR¶ûQù µ³¶R *Lixqs©«sLi NRPX»y* xqsLRi*ª«sWF¡õ»R½ù¸R¶V»R½õ»R½Mee
®µ¶[−sd ©yª«sV xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsxtsv xmsoßáùª«sVuí¡»R½LRiLi aRP»R½ª±sV
¹¸¶[V©«s úbP¸R¶Vª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ N][ÉÁÓ ÇÁ©«sø µR¶LjiúµR¶»R½Mee
˳ÁÏ XgRiVªylLi[ aRP»R½Li µ³¶k ª«sW©±s xmslhi[µ¶R *»R½=LRi ª«sWú»R½NRPª±sV
@|tís^ QaPR *LRiùª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ NRPVÛËÁ[LiR Bª«s ˳ÁÏ W»R½ÛÍÁ[ee
µyLjiµR¶ûQù®ªsW¿RÁ©«sLi ©yª«sVr¡òú»R½ª«sVLiËØxmsLRiLiaRP»R½ª±sV
¹¸¶[V©«s úbP¸R¶Vª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ N][ÉÁÓ ÇÁ©«sø µR¶LjiúµR¶»R½Mee
˳ÁÏ NSòQ*»R½V −sxmsoÍØ©¯[÷gé S©±s @ryùry=¸R¶VVÇÁùª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R¶W»`½
úFy»R½MNSÛÍÁ[ (ry¸R¶VLiNSÛÍÁ[) xmslhi[¬sõ»R½ùLi xqsLRi*µR¶VMÆÜ[xmsaSLi»R½¹¸¶[Vee
xmshRiLixqsVò ÀÁLi»R½¹¸¶[V®µ¶ô −[ sd Li xqsLS*˳ÁÏ LRißá ˳ÁÏ WztsQ»yª±sVee
B¼½ $ÌÁOUPQ ø @uí¡»R½Lò iR aRP»R½©yª«sVr¡òú»R½Li xqsª«sWxmsòªs± Vee
 ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá
©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá
©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá
©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá
©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá ©yLS¸R¶Vßá
NRPÎØùßá LRiWFy¸R¶V NRPÍÝ ÇÁ©y©yLie
NRPÎØùßá µ³yú¾»½[ NRPLRiVßØ xqsVµ³yÛËÁôð e[ e
NRPLiËØ*µj¶ µj¶ªyù¸R¶VVµ³¶R xqs»R½äLS¸R¶Ve
ªy»yÌÁ¸R¶Wµ³¶k aRP ©«s®ªsW ©«sª«sV}qsòee (©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)
©yLS¸R¶Vâßá[»yùµj¶ ÇÁxmsµj¶÷éLiR V\¿ÁQèMé
˳ÁÏ # ZNP^ Q ò xqsµy xmspLñiR ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÌÁ¸R¶W¸R¶Vee
xqs*¼d½LóiR gSLig][xmsª«sV ªyLjiª«sVgRiõ e
¬sª«sLji»ò y ZaP[xtsQ LRiVÛÇÁ[ ©«sª«sV}qsòee (©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)
úËØ{¤¦¦¦ø ª«sVVx¤¦¦¦¨lLi[ò ˳ÁÏ Lji»R½M xqs*˳ÁÏ # ZNP^ Q Mò
xqsLiµR¶Xxtsí Q xqsL][*»R½ªò s« V −saRP*LRiWxmsM
xqs*Q\¾»½ÌÁ xqsLi}qsª«sNRP L][giR x¤¦¦¦Li\¾»½Qûe
ªy»yÌÁ¸R¶Wµ³¶k aRP ©«s®ªsW ©«sª«sV}qsòee (©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)
ËØÍØ©±s xqs*NUP¸R¶W©±s »R½ª«s xqs¬sõµ³y®©s[e
µj¶ªyù©«sõ µy©y»`½ xmsLjiFyÌÁ¸R¶Vµj¶÷éM
xqsµy xmshRiµj¶÷éaPR è xmsoLSßá LRi»R½õLie
xqsLi}qs−s»y¸R¶WxqsVò ©«s®ªsW x¤¦¦¦lLi[ ¾»½[ee ( ©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)
¬s»yù©«sõµyú¾»½[ ¿RÁ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦ xqsVlLi[ËÁ³Ï ùM
¬s»R½ùLi µj¶−s|q^s#Qò ûM ¬sbP xmspÑÁ»y¸R¶Vee
ª«sWú»y ¿RÁ zmsú»y ¿RÁ »R½»][µ¶ôðR ®ªs[©s« e
xqsLixmspÑÁ»y¸R¶WxqsVò ©«s®ªsW©«sª«sV}qsòee ( ©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)
@©«sLi»R½ LSª«sWÅÁù ª«sVÐÁ¦úxmsßÔá»R½Lie
r¡òú»R½Li xmslhi[»½` ¸R¶VxqsVò ©«sLRiM ú¼½NSÌÁª±sVee
ªy»yÌÁ¹¸¶[VaRPxqsù NRPXFy ÊÁÛÍÁ[©s« e
ÌÁÛËÁ³ »[ ½` xqsLS*ßÓá ¿RÁ ª«sVLigRiÎجsee (©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)

gRiVLRiVªy»R½VöLkiaRP xmsLi¿RÁNSÅÁùLie
xqsVò¼½LRi»R½õLi xmshRi»yLi xqsVª«sVLigRiÎØaSù»`½ee
x¤¦¦¦Xµj¶¿yÕ³Á−sZaP[»½` x¤¦¦¦LjiM xqs*¸R¶VLi»R½Ve
LRi¼½©y´y¸R¶VVµ³¶R »R½VÌÁù ®µ¶[x¤¦¦¦NSLi¼½Mee (©yLS¸R¶Vßáee)
 $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©yxtsí QNPR Li
$ª«sW©±s ®ªs[LiNRPÈÁ©y´yLRiùM NRP−s»yLjiäNRP ZNP[xqsLki
®ªs[µy©yò¿yLRiù ª«sL][ù®ªs[V xqs¬sõµ³¶R »yòLi xqsµyx¤¦¦¦Xµj¶

úxms¼½Ë³ÁÏ ÈÁ úZaP[ßáÓ Õ³Ád xtsQßá ª«sLRigRiVßá r¡òªs« V ˳ÁÏ WxtsQßá

ÇÁ¬s˳ÁÏ ¸R¶V róy©«s »yLRißá ÇÁgRiµR¶ª«s róy©«s NSLRißá
¬sÐÁÌÁ µR¶VxtsQäLRiø NRPLRi+©«s ¬sgRiª«sV xqsµô¶ðR LRiø µR¶LRi+©«s
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

aRPV˳ÁÏ ÇÁgRiúµR¶Wxms ª«sVßïá©«s xqsVLRi gRißá ú»yxqs ÅÁßïá©«s

aRP»R½ª«sVÅÁ úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø ª«s¬ôs»R½ aRP»R½xms´R¶ úÊÁx¤¦¦¦ø ©«s¬ôs»R½
úxms´j¶»R½ −sµR¶*»R½= xmsOTPQ»½R ˳ÁÏ ÇÁµR¶z¤¦¦¦LRiV÷µ³¶R ù ÌÁOTPQ»½R
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

qx sVöéÈÁ »R½ÉÓÁÇêØÌÁ zmsÃêÁLRi xmsX´R¶V »R½LRiÇØ*ÌÁ mx sÃêÁLRi

xmsLjigRi»R½ úxms»R½õ −súgRix¤¦¦¦ xmsLji−sV»R½ úxmsÇìÁ µR¶VLæiR Qûx¤¦¦¦
úxmsx¤¦¦¦LRißá úgSª«sV ª«sVßïáÓ »R½ xmsLjiÇÁ©«s ú»yßá mx sßïáÓ »R½
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

¬sÇÁxmsµR¶ ú{ms»R½ xqsµæ¶R ßá ¬sLRiVxms´j¶ {qsö黽R xtsQ²¶æR Vßá

¬sgRiª«sV ¬sLRiW*Qù²³¶R \®ªs˳ÁÏ ª«s ¬sÇÁ xmsLRi ª«spùx¤¦¦¦ \®ªs˳ÁÏ ª«s
x¤¦¦¦Ljix¤¦¦¦¸R¶V ®µ¶[*ztsQ µyLRißá x¤¦¦¦LRixmsoLRi Fý¡xtsQNSLRißá
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

µR¶©«sVÇÁ −sryòLiR NRPLRi©ò s« ÇÁ¬s »R½−sVúry −sNRPLRi©ò s«

µR¶©«sVÇÁ −sµyù ¬sNRPLRi©ò s« ˳ÁÏ ÇÁµR¶−sµyù ¬sª«sLRi©ò s«
@ª«sVLRiµR¶Xxtsí Q xqs* −súNRPª«sV xqsª«sVLRi ÇÁÙxtsí Q ú˳ÁÏ −sVúNRPª«sV
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s
úxms¼½ª«sVVÆØÖdÁ²³¶R ÊÁ©ôsð« VLRi xmsX´R¶V ª«sV¥¦¦¦ }¤¦¦¦¼½ µR¶©«sVòLiR
−sNRPÈÁ ª«sW¸R¶W ÊÁz¤¦¦¦xtsQäQX»R½ −s−sµ³¶R ª«sWÍØ xmsLjixtsQäQX»R½
xmsX´R¶V ª«sV¥¦¦¦¸R¶V©«sQò û »R½¬sòQû»R½ µR¶X²³¶R µR¶¸R¶W »R½©«sQò û ¸R¶V¬sòQû»R½
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

ª«sVz¤¦¦¦»R½ xqsLixms»R½=µR¶ORPQLiR −sz¤¦¦¦»R½ xqsLixms»<½R ²R¶ORPQLiR

xtsQ²¶R LRi ¿RÁúNRP úxms¼½ztsî Q»½R xqsNRPÌÁ »R½»R½Qò * úxms¼½ztsî Q»½R
−s−sµ³¶R xqsLiNRPÌÁö NRPÌÁöNRP −sÊÁVµ³¶R xqsLiNRPÌÁö NRPÌÁöNRP
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

˳ÁÏ Vª«s©«s ®©s[ú»R½ú»R½LiVWª«sV¸R¶V xqsª«s©«s¾»½[ÇÁxqsòQûLiVWª«sV¸R¶V

¬sLRiª«sµ³¶j ry*µR¶V ÀÁ©«sø¸R¶V ¬sÐÁÌÁ aRP# ZNP[ò ÇÁgRi©«sø¸R¶V
@−sV»R½ −saRP* úNTP¸R¶Wª«sV¸R¶V aRP−sV»R½ −sxtsQ*gRi÷鸶R Wª«sV¸R¶V
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s
ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s ÇÁ¸R¶VÇÁ¸R¶V $ xqsVµR¶LRi+©«s

µj¶* ¿RÁ»R½VxtsQä−sVµR¶Li úxms˳ÁÏ W»R½ ryLRiLi xmshRi»yLi ®ªs[ÃÁäÈÁ©y¸R¶VNRP úxmsßÔá»R½ª±sV

−sxtsQ®ªs[V2zms ª«sV©¯[LiR ´R¶M úxmsµ³yª«s©±s ©«s −sx¤¦¦¦®©s[ù»R½ LRi´yÃæÁµ³¶R VLRiùgRiVxmsòM

NRP−s»yLjiäNRP zqsLi¥¦¦¦¸R¶V NRPÎØùßá gRiVßáaSÖÁ®©s[

$ª«sV¾»½[ ®ªs[ÃÁäÛÉÁ[aS¸R¶V ®ªs[µy©«sò gRiVLRi®ªs[ ©«sª«sVM
 $ AÃìÁ®©s[¸¶R V xqsVò¼½M
@»R½VÖÁ»R½ ÊÁÌÁµ³yª«sVLi xqs*LñiR Q\ZaPÍØ˳ÁÏ ®µ¶[x¤¦¦¦Li
µR¶©«sVÇÁª«s©«sNRPXaS©«sVLi Çìجs©yª«sVúgRigRißáùª±sVe
xqsNRPÌÁgRiVßá¬sµ³y©«sLi ªy©«sLSßت«sVµ³¶k aRPLi
LRixmsn VVxms¼½ª«sLRiµR¶W»R½Li ªy»R½ÇØ»R½Li ©«sª«sW−sVee
g][xtsQöµk¶NRPX»R½ ªyLSbPLi
ª«sVaRPNUPNRPX»R½ LSORPQxqsLie
LSª«sW¸R¶Vßá ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sWÍØ LRi»R½õLi
ª«sLi®µ¶[2¬sÍØ»R½øÇÁLiee
@ÇìÁ©y©«sLiµR¶©«sLi −dsLRiLi ÇØ©«sNUP a][NPR ©yaRP©«sLi
NRP{msaRPª«sVORPQx¤¦¦¦Li»yLRiLi ª«sLi®µ¶[ ÌÁLiNS˳ÁÏ ¸R¶VLiNRPLRiLi
¸R¶Vú»R½ ¸R¶Vú»R½ LRixmsn VV©y´R¶ NUPLRi©ò s« Li
»R½ú»R½ »R½ú»R½NRPX»R½ª«sVxqsòNSLiÇÁÖÁª±sVe
ËØxtsQöªyLji xmsLjixmspLñiR ÍÜ[¿ÁR ©«sLi
ª«sWLRiV¼½ª±sV ©«sª«sV»R½ LSORPQryLi»R½NRPª±sVee
DÌýÁLixmsn Vù zqsLiµ³]xq[ s=ÖÁÌÁLi xqsÖdÁÌÁLi
¸R¶Va][+NRPª«s¬>sLi ÇÁ©«sNS»R½øÇظR¶WM
Aµy¸R¶V ¾»½[\®©sª«s µR¶ µyx¤¦¦¦ ÌÁÇìØQäLi
©«sª«sW−sV »R½Li úFyÇìÁÖÁ LSÄêÁ®©s[¸¶R VLi
AÄêÁ®©s[¸¶R V ª«sV¼½FyÈÁÍØ©«s©«sLi
NSÄÁè©yúµj¶ NRPª«sV¬ds¸R¶V −súgRix¤¦¦¦ª±sVe
FyLjiÇØ»R½ »R½LRiVª«sVWÌÁ ªyzqs©«sLi
˳ت«s¸R¶W−sV xmsª«sª«sW©«s ©«s©ôs« ©«sª±sVee
ª«sV©¯[ÇÁª«sLi ª«sWLRiV»R½ »R½VÌÁù®ªs[giR Li
ÑÁ¾»½[¬sô û¸R¶Vª±sV ÊÁVµô¶ðj ª«sV»yLi ª«sLjixtsí QLie
ªy»y»R½øÇÁª±sV ªy©«sLRi¸R¶VWµ³¶R ª«sVVÅÁùLi
$LSª«sV µR¶W»R½Li bPLRiry ©«sª«sW−sVee
 $x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sW©±s ¿yÖdÁry
µ][¥¦¦¦
$gRiVLRiV ¿RÁLRißáxqsL][ÇÁ LRiÇÁ ¬sÇÁ ª«sV©«sV ª«sVVNRPVLRiV xqsVµ³yLji
ÊÁLRi©«sª«so LRixmsn VVª«sLRi ÕÁª«sVÌÁ ÇÁxqsV ÇÜ[ µy¸R¶VNRPV xmsn ÌÁ ¿yLjiee
ÊÁVµô¶ðj {¤¦¦¦©«s »R½©«sV ÇجsZNP[ xqsV−sVL_ xmsª«s©«sNRPVª«sWL`i
ÊÁÌÁ ÊÁVµ³¶j ÕÁµyù ®µ¶[x¤¦¦¦§ ®ªsWz¤¦¦¦· x¤¦¦¦LRix¤¦¦¦§ NRPÛÍÁ[xqs ÕÁNSL`iee
¿_FyLiVV
ÇÁ¸R¶V x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sW©«s ÇìØ©«sgRiVßá rygRiL`ie ÇÁ¸R¶V NRP{msxqs ¼½x¤¦¦¦§ÍÜ[NPR DÇØgRiL`iee
LSª«sVµR¶W»R½ @»R½VÖÁ»R½ ÊÁÌÁµ³yª«sWe @LiÇÁ¬s xmsoú»R½ xmsª«s©«sxqsV»R½ ©yª«sWee
ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÕdÁLRi ÕÁúNRPª«sV ÊÁÇÁLRiLigkie NRPVª«sV¼½ ¬sªyLRi xqsVª«sV¼½ ZNP[ xqsLigkiee
NRPLi¿RÁ©«s ÊÁLRi©«s ÕÁLSÇÁ xqsVÛËÁ[rye NS©«s©«s NRPVLi²R¶ÌÁ NRPVLiÀÁ»R½ ZNP[ryee
¥¦¦¦´R¶ ÊÁúÇÁ K µ³¶R *ÇØ ÕÁLS\ÛÇÁe NSLi®µ¶³ [ ª«sVWLiÇÁ ÇÁ®©s[ªs« p ry\ÛÇÁee
xqsLiNRPLRi xqsVª«s©«s ZNP[xqsLki©«sLiµR¶©«se ¾»½[ÇÁ úxms»yxms ª«sV¥¦¦¦ ÇÁgRi ÊÁLiµR¶©«see
−sµyùªy©«s gRiVßÔá @¼½ ¿y»R½VL`ie LSª«sV NSÇÁ NRPLjiÛËÁ[ N][ A»R½VL`iee
úxms˳ÁÏ V ¿RÁLjiú»R½ xqsV¬sËÜ[ N][ LRizqs¸R¶We LSª«sVÌÁÅÁ©«s{qs»y ª«sV©«s ÊÁzqs¸R¶Wee
xqsWORPQ øLRiWxmsµ³¶R Lji zqs¸R¶Vz¤¦¦¦ µj¶Æتye ÕÁNRPÈÁ LRiWxmsµ³¶R Lji ÌÁLiNRP ÇÁLSªyee
Õ³Ád ª«sVLRiWxms µ³¶R Lji @xqsVLRi xqsLi¥¦¦¦lLi[e LSª«sV¿RÁLiúµR¶ ZNP[ NSÇÁ xqs·ªylLi[ee
ÍظR¶V xqsÒÁª«s©±s ÌÁÅÁ©±s ÑÁ¸R¶W¹¸¶[Ve $LRixmsn VVÕdÁLRi x¤¦¦¦LRiztsQ DLRi Íع¸¶[Vee
LRixmsn VVxms¼½ NUP¬ds> ÊÁx¤¦¦¦§»`½ ÊÁ²yLiVWe »R½Vª«sVV ª«sVª«sV úzms¸R¶V ˳ÁÏ LRi»R½z¤¦¦¦ xqsª«sV˳ØLiVWee
xqsx¤¦¦¦xqs ÊÁµR¶©±s »R½Vª«s>VL][ ÇÁxqs gS\®ªse @xqs NRPz¤¦¦¦ $xms¼½ NRPLihRi ÌÁgS\®ªsee
xqs©«sNSµj¶NRP úÊÁ¥¦¦¦øµj¶ ª«sVV¬dsrye ©yLRiµR¶ aSLRiµR¶ xqsz¤¦¦¦»R½ @{¤¦¦¦ryee
¸R¶Vª«sV NRPVÛËÁ[LiR µj¶gRiFyÌÁ ÇÁ¥¦¦¦ ¾»½[e NRPÕÁ N][ÕÁµR¶ NRPz¤¦¦¦ xqsZNP[ NRP¥¦¦¦· ¾»½[ee
»R½Vª«sV DxmsNSLRi xqsVúgkiª«s{¤¦¦¦· NUP©>ye LSª«sV −sVÍظR¶V LSÇÁ xmsµR¶ µk¶©>y·ee
»R½Vª«s>VL][ ª«sVLiú»R½ ÕÁÕ³dÁxtsQßãÞ ª«sW©ye ÌÁLiZNP[aPR *LRi ˳ÁÏ # ¹¸¶V xqsËÞ ÇÁg`i ÇØ©yee
ÇÁÙg`i xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs ÇÜ[ÇÁ©«s xmsLRi ˳ة«sWe ÖdÁÍÜ[ù »yz¤¦¦¦ ª«sVµ³¶R VLRi xmsn ÌÁ ÇØ©«sWee
úxms˳ÁÏ W ª«sVVúµj¶NS ®ªs[VÖÁ ª«sVVÅÁ ª«sW{¤¦¦¦·e ÇÁÌÁµ³¶j ÍØLizmsn V gRi¹¸¶[V @¿RÁLRiÇÁ ©y{¤¦¦¦·ee
µR¶VLæiR ª«sV NSÇÁ ÇÁgRi»R½ZNP[ ÛÇÁ[¾»½[e xqsVgRiª«sV @©«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦ »R½Vª«s>VlLi[ ¾»½[¾»½[ee
LSª«sV µR¶VªylLi[ »R½Vª±sV LRiÅÁªylLi[e x¤¦Ü[»½R ©«s AÇìØ ÕÁ©«sV \|msrylLi[ee
xqsËÞ xqsVÅÁ ÌÁ\|¤¦¦¦ »R½Vª«s>WLki aRPLRißØe »R½Vª±sV LRiORPQNP` NSx¤¦¦¦¨· N][ ²R¶LRi©yee
Axms©±s ¾»½[ÇÁ xqsª«s>WL][ A\|mse ¼d½©¯[·ÍÜ[NPR ¥¦¦¦LiNRP ¾»½[· NSLi\|msee
˳ÁÏ W»R½zmsaS¿RÁ ¬sNRPÈÁ ©«sz¤¦¦¦· A\®ªse ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÕdÁLRi ÇÁËÞ ©yª«sV xqsV©y\®ªsee
©y\|qs L][giR x¤¦¦¦\lLi xqsËÞ {ms²ye ÇÁxms»`½ ¬sLRiLi»R½LRi x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sV»R½ ÕdÁLSee
xqsLiNRPÈÁ ¾»½[ x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sW©«s ¿³ÁR V²y\®ªse ª«sV©«s úNRPª«sV ÊÁ¿RÁ©«s µ³yù©«s ÇÜ[ ÍØ\®ªsee
xqsÊÁ xmsLRi LSª«sV »R½xms{qs* LSÇØe ¼½©«s ZNP[ NSÇÁ xqsNRPÌÁ »R½Vª«sV ryÇØee
KLRi ª«sV©¯[LiR ´R¶ ÇÜ[ N][LiVW ÍØ\®ªse r¡LiVW @−sV»R½ ÒÁª«s©«s xmsn ÌÁ Fy\®ªsee
¿yL][· ÇÁÙg`i xmsLRi»yxms »R½Vª«s>WLSe \|¤¦¦¦ xmsLRizqsµô¶ðj ÇÁgRi»R½ DÑÁ¸R¶WLSee
ryµ³¶R V xqsLi»R½ ZNP[ »R½Vª«sV LRiÅÁªylLi[e @xqsVLRi ¬sNRPLiµR¶©±s LSª«sV µR¶VÍØlLi[ee
@xtsí Qzqsµô¶ðj ©«sª«s ¬sµ³¶j ZNP[ µy»ye @xqs ÊÁLRi µk¶ª«s ÇØ©«sNUP ª«sW»yee
LSª«sV LRiry¸R¶V©«s »R½Vª«s>VlLi[ Fyrye xqsµy LRix¤¦Ü[ LRixmsn VVxms¼½ ZNP[ µyryee
»R½Vª«s>VlLi[ ˳ÁÏ ÇÁ©«s LSª«sV N][ Fy\®ªse ÇÁ©«sª«sV ÇÁ©«sª«sV ZNP[ µR¶VMÅÁ ÕÁxqsLS\®ªsee
@Li»R½NSÌÁ LRixmsn VVÊÁLRi xmsoLRi ÇØLiVWe ÇÁ¥¦¦¦· ÇÁ©«sø x¤¦¦¦Lji˳ÁÏ NRPò NRP¥¦¦¦LiVWee
KL`i ®µ¶[ªs« »y ÀÁ»R½ò ©«s µ³¶R LRiLiVWe x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sV»R½ }qsLiVW xqsLRi÷ xqsVÅÁ NRPLRiLiVWee
xqsLiNRPÈÁ NRP\ÛÉÁ −sV\ÛÉÁ xqsÊÁ {ms²ye ÇÜ[ xqsV−sV\lLi x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sV»R½ ÊÁÌÁÕdÁLSee
\ÛÇÁ \ÛÇÁ \ÛÇÁ x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sW©«s g][ryLiVW·e NRPXFy NRPLRix¤¦¦¦§ gRiVLRiV ®µ¶[ªs« NUP ©yLiVW·ee
ÇÜ[ xqs»R½ ËØLRi FyhRi NRPLRi N][LiVWe ¿³ÁR WÈÁz¤¦¦¦ ÊÁLiµj¶ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ xqsVÅÁ x¤¦Ü[LiVWee
ÇÜ[ ¸R¶Vx¤¦¦¦ xms²³¶R LiVV x¤¦¦¦©«sVª«sW©«s ¿yÖdÁrye x¤¦Ü[¸¶R V zqsµô¶ðj ryÐdÁ g_Lkiryee
»R½VÌÁ{qsµyxqs xqsµy x¤¦¦¦Lji ¿Á[LSe NUP\ÛÇÁ ©y´R¶ x¤¦¦¦XµR¶¸R¶V ª«sV·x¤¦¦¦ ®²¶[LSee

µ][¥¦¦¦·
xmsª«s©«s»R½©«s¸R¶V xqsLiNRPÈÁ x¤¦¦¦LRißáe ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁ ª«sVWLji¼½ LRiWxmsee
LSª«sV ÌÁÅÁ©«s {qs»y xqsz¤¦¦¦»R½e x¤¦¦¦XµR¶¸R¶V ÊÁxqsx¤¦¦¦§· xqsVLRi ˳ÁÏ Wxmsee

zqs¸R¶Wª«sLRi LSª«sV¿RÁLiúµR¶NUP \ÛÇÁe

xmsª«s©«sxmsoú»R½ x¤¦¦¦©«sWª«sW©«s NUP \ÛÇÁee
Dª«sWxms¼½ ª«sV¥¦¦¦®µ¶[ªs« NUP \ÛÇÁeee

@gRiLRiV ÊÁ»R½VòÌÁV ®ªsÖÁgjiLiÀÁ, \®©s®ªs[µ¶R ùª«sVV xqsª«sVLjiöLiÀÁ ry*−sVNTP NRPLRiWöLRi

ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁ ¥¦¦¦LRi¼½ C¸R¶Vª«sÌÁ¸R¶VV©«sV.
 ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁ r¡òú»yßÓá
úbP¸R¶VM NSLi»y¸R¶V NRPÎØùßá ¬sµ³¶R ¹¸¶[V ¬sµ³¶R ¹¸¶[VLóij ©yLie
$ ª«sV®µ¶[*LiNRPÈÁ ©y´y¸R¶V $¬sªyry¸R¶V ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLi ee
¬s»][ù»R½=ª«sLi ˳ÁÏ ª«s¾»½[uò yLi ¬s»R½ù$M ¬s»R½ù ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLie
GuyLi x¤¦¦¦Xµj¶ró¡ ˳ÁÏ gRiªy©±s ª«sVLigRiÎظR¶V»R½©«sLi x¤¦¦¦LjiMee
ÍØ˳ÁÏ # }qsòuyLi ÇÁ¸R¶V}qsòuyLi NRPX»R½}qsòuyLi xmsLS˳ÁÏ ª«sMe
GuyLi BLiµk¶ª«sLRi aSùª«sVM x¤¦¦¦XµR¶¹¸¶[V xqsVúxms¼½ztsî Q»½R Mee
LSÇص³¶j LSÇÁ ®ªs[uy¸R¶V LSÇÁ»][äµR¶Li²R¶ ËØx¤¦¦¦®ªs[e
LSÒÁª«s ¿yLRiV®©s[ú»y¸R¶V LSª«sV˳ÁÏ úµy¸R¶V ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLiee
ª«sVVgôiðR g][xms ª«sµ³¶R W»R½VòLigRi NRPV¿RÁª«sVLi²R¶ÌÁ ª«sVLôij ®©s[e
ª«sVVLRi×dÁ gS©«sÍÜ[ÍظR¶V ª«sVVNRPVLiµy¸R¶WxqsVò ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLiee
NRPÎØùßصR¶V÷黽R gSú»y¸R¶V NS−sV»yLóiR úxmsµyLiVV®©s[e
$ ª«sV®µ¶[*LiNRPÈÁ ©y´y¸R¶V $¬sªyry¸R¶V ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLi ee
NSLi¿RÁ©yúµj¶ ¬s˳ØLigS¸R¶V ªyLiÀ³Á»yLóiR úxmsµyLiVV®©s[e
@LiÇÁ©y ˳ØgRiùLRiWFy¸R¶V ALiÇÁ®©s[¸¶R W¸R¶V ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁLiee
úÊÁx¤¦¦¦øaRPè −sxtsñ vaRPè bPª«saRPè ªyßÔá
g_Lki¿RÁ ÌÁOUPQ øaRPè −s©y¸R¶VNRPaRPèe
xqsäLiµR¶aRPè ®µ¶[ªy ÊÁVVxtsQ¸¶R VaRPè xqslLi[*
NRPVLRi*Li»R½V xqslLi[* ª«sVª«sV ª«sVLigRiÎجsee
ÇÁ¸R¶V»R½V ÇÁ¸R¶V»R½V ª«sVLiú»R½Li ÇÁ©«sø ryxmsn ÌÁù ª«sVLiú»R½Li
ÇÁ©«s©«s ª«sVLRißãÜ}[ ms»R½ ZNPý a[ PR −s¿Á[èµé ¶R ª«sVLiú»R½Lie
xqsNRPÌÁ ¬sgRiª«sV ª«sVLiú»R½Li xqsLRi* aS|q^s#Qò ûNRP ª«sVLiú»R½Li
LRixmsn VVxms¼½ ¬sÇÁ ª«sVLiú»R½Li LSª«sV LS®ªs[V¼½ ª«sVLiú»R½Liee
 aSLi¼½ ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁV
qx s*zqsò úxmsÇØ˳ÁÏ ùM xmsLjiFyÌÁ¸R¶VLi»yª±sV
©yù¹¸¶[Vù©«s ª«sWlLiæ ß[ á ª«sV{¤¦¦¦ª±sV ª«sV{¤¦¦¦aSMe
g][úËØx¤¦¦¦øâßá[˳ÏÁù aRPV˳ÁÏ ª«sVxqsVò ¬s»R½ùª±sV
ÍÜ[NSM xqsª«sVryòM xqsVÐÁ©¯[ ˳ÁÏ ª«s©«sVòee

NSÛÍÁ[ ª«sL<iR »R½V xmsLêiR ©«sùM xmsX´j¶−ds xqsxqsùaSÖÁ¬dse

ÍÜ[N][2¸R¶Vª±sV O][Q˳ÏÁLRiz¤¦¦¦»][ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßØM xqsLi»R½V ¬sLRi÷鸶R WMee
@xmsoú»yM xmsoú¼½ßáM xqsLi»R½V xmsoú¼½ßáM xqsLi»R½V F¢ú¼½ßáMe
@µ³¶R ©yM xqsµ³¶R ©yM xqsLi»R½V ÒÁª«sLi»R½V aRPLRiµR¶M aRP»R½ª±sVee
qx slLi[* ˳ÁÏ ª«sLi»R½V xqsVÐÁ©«sM xqslLi[* xqsLi»R½V ¬sLSª«sV¸R¶WMe
xqslLi[* ˳ÁÏ úµyßÓá xmsaRPùLi»R½V ª«sW NRPbPèµ`¶ µR¶VMÅÁ˳ØgRiù®ªs[»½` ee

JLi xqsx¤¦¦¦©y ª«sª«s»R½V xqsx¤¦¦¦©_ ˳ÁÏ V©«sNRPVò xqsx¤¦¦¦−dsLRiùLi NRPLRiªyª«s\|¤¦¦¦Me

¾»½[ÇÁzqs*©yª«sµ³¶k »R½ª«sVxqsVò ª«sW −sµj¶*uyª«s\|¤¦¦¦Mee

JLi aSLi¼½M aSLi¼½M aSLi¼½M e

 $ ®ªs[LiNRPÛÉÁ[aPR g][−sLiµR¶ ©yª«sWª«s×Á
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµy

$ $¬sªyry g][−sLiµy, $ ®ªs[LiNRPÛÉÁ[aS g][−sLiµy e

˳ÁÏ NRPªò s« »R½=ÍØ g][−sLiµy, ˳ØgRiª«s»R½ úzms¸R¶V g][−sLiµy ee
¬s»R½ù¬sLRiøÍØ g][−sLiµy, ¬dsÌÁ®ªs[Vxmsn VaSùª«sW g][−sLiµy e
xmsoLSßáxmsoLRiVuy g][−sLiµy, xmsoLi²R¶LkiNSORPQ g][−sLiµy ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµy

©«sLiµR¶©«sLiµR¶©y g][−sLiµy, ©«sª«s¬ds»R½ ¿][LS g][−sLiµy e

xmsaRPVFyÌÁNRP $ g][−sLiµy, Fyxms −s®ªsW¿RÁ©«s g][−sLiµy ee
µR¶Vxtsí Q xqsLi¥¦¦¦LRi g][−sLiµy, µR¶VLji»R½ ¬sªyLRißá g][−sLiµy e
bPxtsí Q xmsLjiFyÌÁNRP g][−sLiµy aRPLRißØgRi»R½ª«s»R½=ÌÁ g][−sLiµy ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµy
ª«súÇÁª«sVNRPVÈÁµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµy, ª«sLSx¤¦¦¦ª«sVWLji−ò s g][−sLiµy e
g][{msÇÁ©«s ÍÜ[ÍØ g][−sLiµy, g][ªs« LôiðR ©¯[µôðyLS g][−sLiµy ee
®ªs[ßáVgS©«súzms¸R¶V g][−sLiµR¶, ®ªs[LiNRPÈÁ LRiª«sVßØ g][−sLiµy ee
xmsOTPQªyx¤¦¦¦©y g][−sLiµy FyLi²R¶ª«s úzms¸R¶V x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµy ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµy
ª«súÇÁNRPª«s¿RÁµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶, \®ªsÇÁ¸R¶VLi¼½ª«sWÍØ g][−sLiµR¶
ª«s©«sª«sWÍص³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶, ª«sxqsV®µ¶[ªs« »R½©«s¸R¶W g][−sLiµR¶
−sLSÇÁ¼d½LRixqsó g][−sLiµR¶, −sL][µ¶³j ª«sVLôiR ©«s g][−sLiµR¶ ee
ÕÁÌÁ*xmsú»yLjiè»R½ g][−sLiµR¶, Õ³ÁORPVNRP xqsLixqsVò»½R g][−sLiµR¶ e
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
ª«sV»R½=Qù NRPWLSø g][−sLiµR¶, ª«sVµ³¶R VxqsWµR¶©«s x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶ e
ª«sLSx¤¦¦¦ ©«sLRizqsLix¤¦¦¦ g][−sLiµR¶, ªyª«sV©«s ˳ÁÏ XgRiVLSª«sV g][−sLiµR¶ ee
µR¶aRPLRi´R¶ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶, µR¶aRPª«sVVÅÁ ª«sVLôiR ©«s g][−sLiµR¶ e
ÊÁÌÁLSª«sW©«sVÇÁ g][−sLiµR¶, Ëݵô¶ðR NRPÖÁNTPµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶ e
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
ryÌÁúgSª«sVµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶, xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs©yª«sW g][−sLiµR¶ e
ÌÁOUPQ øª«sÌýÁ˳ÁÏ g][−sLiµR¶, ÌÁORPQ øßØúgRiÇØ g][−sLiµR¶ ee
NRPxqsWòLij ¼½ÌÁNS g][−sLiµR¶, NRP©«sNSLiÊÁLRiµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶ e
gRiLRiV²R¶ ªyx¤¦¦¦©y g][−sLiµR¶, gRiLigSµ³¶R LRiúzms¸R¶V g][−sLiµR¶ ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
ªy©«sLRi }qs−s»R½ g][−sLiµR¶, ªyLRiµ³¶j ÊÁLiµ³¶R ©«s g][−sLiµR¶ e
xqsxmsògij LkiaRP g][−sLiµR¶, xqs»R½ù xqs*LRiWFy g][−sLiµR¶ ee
$LSª«sVNRPXuñy g][−sLiµR¶, $LRiLigRiµ³yª«sW g][−sLiµR¶ e
úxms»R½ùQOPR Q®µ¶[ªy g][−sLiµR¶, xmsLRiª«sVµR¶¸R¶WNRPLRi g][−sLiµR¶ ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
{qs»y©y¸R¶VNRP g][−sLiµR¶, úbP»R½xmsLjiFyÌÁNRP g][−sLiµR¶ e
µR¶©«sVÇÁ ª«sVLôiR ©«s g][−sLiµR¶, µ³¶R LRiø xqsLiróyxmsNRP g][−sLiµR¶ ee
@©«sLi»R½ LRiORPQNPR g][−sLiµR¶, Axmsµy÷Liµ³¶R ª«s g][−sLiµR¶ e
NRPxtsí Q ¬sªyLRißá g][−sLiµR¶, NRPLRiVßØrygRiLRi g][−sLiµR¶ ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
NRPª«sVÌÁµR¶ÎØOSQ g][−sLiµR¶ NS−sV»R½xmsn ÌÁµy»R½ g][−sLiµR¶ e
Fyxms−s©yaRPNRP g][−sLiµR¶, Fyz¤¦¦¦ª«sVVLSlLi[ g][−sLiµR¶ ee
$ª«sVVúµyLiNTP»R½ g][−sLiµR¶, $ª«s»y=LiNTP»R½ g][−sLiµR¶ e
µ³¶R LRißÔá©y¸R¶VNRP g][−sLiµR¶, µj¶©«sNRPLRi ¾»½[ÇØ g][−sLiµR¶ ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
mx sµyøª«s¼d½úzms¸R¶V g][−sLiµR¶, úxmsxqs©«sõ ª«sVWLkiò g][−sLiµR¶ e
@˳ÁÏ ¸R¶Vª«sVVúµR¶µ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶, @©y´R¶ ©y´y g][−sLiµR¶ ee
aRPLiÅÁ¿RÁúNRP µ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶, aSL`iÃÁù gRiµyµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶ e
{qsòQûxqsª«sVLRiWFy g][−sLiµR¶ bPª«sZNP[aPR ª«s ª«sVWLji−ò s g][−sLiµR¶ ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶
úÊÁ¥¦¦¦øLi²R¶ LRiWFy g][−sLiµR¶, ˳ÁÏ NRPò LRiORPQNS g][−sLiµR¶
¬s»R½ùNRPÎØùßØ g][−sLiµR¶, ¬dsLRiÇÁ©yË³Ø g][−sLiµR¶ e
¥¦¦¦¼½LSª«sVúzms¸R¶V g][−sLiµR¶, x¤¦¦¦Lji xqsL][*»R½ªò s« V g][−sLiµR¶ ee
ÇÁ©yLôiR ©«sª«sVWLkiò g][−sLiµR¶, ÇÁgRi»y=QOPT Q−sd g][−sLiµR¶ e
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶

@Õ³Á}tsQNPR úzms¸R¶V g][−sLiµR¶, Axms¬sõªyLRißá g][−sLiµR¶ ee

LRi»R½õª«sVNRPVÈÁµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶, LSª«sW©«sVÇÁ©«sV»R½ g][−sLiµR¶
xqs*¸R¶VLiúxmsNSaS g][−sLiµR¶ $ÀÁ©«sø¸R¶Vª«sVWLkiò g][−sLiµR¶
¬s»R½ùaRPV˳ÁÏ úxmsµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶, ¬sÐÁÌÁÍÜ[ZNP[aPR g][−sLiµy e
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶

A©«sLiµR¶LRiWFy g][−sLiµR¶, AúbP»R½xmsOSQ g][−sLiµR¶ee

Bx¤¦¦¦xmsLRiµy¸R¶VNRP g][−sLiµR¶, B˳ÁÏ LSÇÁLRiORPQNS g][−sLiµR¶
xmsLRiª«sVµR¶¸R¶WÎÜ[ g][−sLiµR¶, xmsµR¶ø©y˳ÁÏ x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶ e
AµR¶ùLi»R½LRiz¤¦¦¦»y g][−sLiµR¶, @ÐÁÍØLi²R¶©y¸R¶VNRP g][−sLiµR¶ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶ee

mx sª«s©«sxqsV»R½ ©«sV»R½ g][−sLiµR¶ xms¼½»R½ Fyª«s©«s g][−sLiµR¶

NRPª«sVÍØ ª«sÌýÁ˳ÁÏ g][−sLiµR¶ NRPª«sVÌÁ©y˳ÁÏ ¬ds g][−sLiµR¶
©«sLRi©yLS¸R¶Vßá g][−sLiµR¶ ©yLRiµR¶ xqs©«sVõ»R½ g][−sLiµR¶
g][FyÌÁËØÌÁ g][−sLiµR¶ g][{ms ª«sV©¯[x¤¦¦¦LRi g][−sLiµR¶
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµyee

®µ¶[ªs« NTP ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶ ®µ¶[ªyµj¶®µ¶[ªy g][−sLiµR¶

OUPQLSÕôÁð aRP¸R¶V©y g][−sLiµR¶ OTPQ¼½ÇÁ ©y¸R¶VNS g][−sLiµR¶
N_®ªsWµR¶NRPµ³¶R LRi g][−sLiµR¶ N_xqsVòËس ÌÁLiNRPX»R½ g][−sLiµR¶
xmsoLi²R¶LkiNRP ª«sLRiµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶ FyLi²R¶VLRiLigRi −shRiÌÁ g][−sLiµR¶
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµyee
®ªs[µy¼d½»y g][−sLiµy ®ªs[µyLi»R½®ªs[µ¶R ù g][−sLiµR¶
ÍÜ[NSµ³¶j ©y´y g][−sLiµR¶ ÍÜ[ZNP[aPR *lLi[aPR *LRi g][−sLiµR¶
úxms¥ý¦¦¦µR¶ ª«sLRiµR¶ g][−sLiµR¶ xmsÉíØÕ³Á LSª«sW g][−sLiµR¶
xqs©«sNSµR¶ùLjiè»R½ g][−sLiµR¶ xqsLiNRPÈÁ x¤¦¦¦LRißá g][−sLiµR¶
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶ g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶

A©«sLiµR¶¬sÌÁ¸R¶W g][−sLiµR¶ Aµj¶ª«sLSx¤¦¦¦ª«sVWLkiò g][−sLiµR¶

BOSQQ*NRPV ª«sLiaRPÇÁ g][−sLiµR¶ B©«sNRPVÌÁ ¼½ÌÁNRP g][−sLiµR¶
NS×dÁ¸R¶V ª«sVLôiR ©«s g][−sLiµR¶ NSÍؼd½»y g][−sLiµR¶
˳ÁÏ XgRiVgRiLRi* x¤¦¦¦LRi g][−sLiµR¶ ˳ØLæiR ª«sª«sVWLkiò g][−sLiµR¶
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶ g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµR¶

¼½LRiVª«sVÌÁ ªyry g][−sLiµy »R½VÌÁ{qsª«s©«sª«sWÖÁ g][−sLiµy ee

ZaP[uyúµj¶¬sÌÁ¸R¶W g][−sLiµR¶, ZaP[xtsQaSLiVV¬ds g][−sLiµy e
¸R¶Va][µ¶R »R½©«s¸R¶W g][−sLiµR¶ ¹¸¶WgkiaRP*lLi[aPR *LRi g][−sLiµR¶
®ªs[LiNRPÈÁLRiª«sVßØ g][−sLiµy, $ ®ªs[LiNRPÛÉÁ[aS g][−sLiµy ee
g][−sLiµy x¤¦¦¦Lji g][−sLiµR¶, g][NPR VÌÁ ©«sLiµR¶©«s g][−sLiµyee

FyLS¸R¶VßáLiÍÜ[ FyÍæܬs©«s ªyLjiNTP ËصR¶LixmsxmsöV FyÌÁV, ry*−sV

úxmsryµR¶ª«sVV, »yLiÊÁWÌÁª«sVV µR¶OTPQßá»][ Bª«s*ª«sÌÁ¸R¶VV©«sV.