Richland College

Dallas County Community College District

ENGR 2305: Circuits I for Electrical Engineers

Roderick R. Crowder Faculty School of Engineering & Technology

Credits
John Horne, EE2310, Richland College The Free Dictionary, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, 7TH EDITION. By Dorf and Svoboda. 2006. John Wiley & Sons

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

About Me Office: H108 Email: rcrowder@dcccd.edu Office Hours: M 8:30 9:25 am W: 8:30 9:25 am 1:00 2:00 pm

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

About Me
Education
BSEE, MSEE, Ph.D EE (1995,2005,2009) UT Arlington

Academic/Research Interests
Radio Frequency Identification Systems (RFID) Telecommunication & Information Systems Nanotechnology and MEMS Microscopic and Macroscopic Energy Conversion / Scavenging Wireless Communication Systems Digital Signal Processing Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks Data networking: architecture, protocols Network Operations and Management

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

About Me
Professional Experience
Professor of Electrical Engineering Richland College Director of Information Technology Cedar Valley College Chief Technical Officer, IXI Technologies, Inc. Director of Technology, College of Engineering, UT Arlington Systems Software Specialist, UT Arlington Lecturer, Electrical Engineering Department, UT Arlington Instructor, Continuing Education Department, UT Arlington Electrical Engineer, Texas Instruments Electrical Engineer, Mobil/Exxon Corporation

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

About You
Your Name Why you are taking this course

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

Important Dates
Last date to drop without a W
September 8, 2008

Last date to drop with W

November 13, 2008

Thanksgiving Holiday
November 27-30, 2008

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

Important Info
Withdrawal Policy
Student enrolled after Fall 2007 (1st time)
6 drop courses entire undergraduate career https://www1.dcccd.edu/6drop

3rd Attempt in a Course

Additional tuition

Attendance Policy Academic Honesty

August 26, 2008 Roderick R. Crowder 8

Grading
METHOD OF EVALUATION: Evaluation will be based upon completion of all assigned work. The course average will be computed as follows: Homework & Quizzes 30% Tests 40% Final Exam 30% Unless otherwise specified by the instructor, the grading system will be: 90 100 A 80 89 B 70 79 C 60 69 D 59 F

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

Grading
Pop Quizzes will be given at beginning of class. Be on time and attend. Completed notebook will be turned in last week of the semester. Checked for completion, but not graded. May be factor in final grade. Completed, thorough notebooks can gain up to 10 points in final grade calculation.
August 26, 2008 Roderick R. Crowder 10

Scholarship Opportunity
Academic Connections in Engineering Study (ACES)
Eligibility requirements:
US citizenship or legal resident status Full time enrollment at Richland College during scholarship period Declared academic intent in Engineering Financial need, as determined by the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) Academic ability, as determined by grade point average of 82 in high school or 2.5 in college Demonstrated mathematical ability at the college pre-calculus level Submit completed Richland College Application for Admission. You may complete this online at https://www1.dcccd.edu/stuapp/ Complete and mail (to Federal Student Aid Programs) the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), with the school code of 008504 for Richland College in Step 5. You may also apply online at http://www.FAFSA.ed.gov. Federal Student Aid Programs will require 2-3 weeks to process your FAFSA if you mail the form; it will require 3-4 days if you apply online. Call the Richland College Financial Aid Office at (972) 238-6113 if you need help with this process. Complete the Academic Connections in Engineering Study Application, obtained from the Financial Aid Office in T130, Thunderduck Hall, or online at http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/finaid/forms/aces_form.pdf. Prepare a portfolio per guidelines and submit to the Financial Aid Office in T130.

How to Apply:

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

11

Course Description
Electrical science is introduced. Included are fundamental electrical systems and signals. Basic concepts of electricity and magnetism with mathematical representation and computation are also covered.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

12

Learning Objectives
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Introduction to Electric Circuits Define an electric circuit or electric network Give the fundamental unit of charge, voltage, current, and power Calculate the total charge given a current flowing for a given time period Calculate power supplied by a source given the voltage and current
Roderick R. Crowder 13

August 26, 2008

Learning Objectives
2.0 Resistive Circuits 2.1 State Kirchhoffs current and voltage laws 2.2 Use Kirchhoffs laws to calculate current and/or voltages in a circuit 2.3 Write the mathematical equation for Ohms Law 2.4 Calculate the total resistance of series resistors 2.5 Explain how series resistors behaves as a voltage divider 2.6 Calculate the equivalent resistance of parallel resistors 2.7 Explain how parallel resistors behaves as a current divider 2.8 Define Thevenin equivalent circuit 2.9 Apply Thevenins theorem to solve for an unknown voltage and/or current.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

14

Learning Objectives
3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Dependent Sources and Op Amps Define a dependent or controlled source Analyze a circuit containing dependent sources Describe the basic operation of an Op Amp Analyze a basic Op Amp circuit Analysis Methods Use the principle of Superposition to analyze a circuit containing more than one independent source Use Nodal Analysis to analyze a circuit with more than one independent source Use Mesh Analysis to analyze a circuit with more than one independent source

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

15

Learning Objectives
5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Energy Storage Elements Explain the current-voltage relation for a capacitor Calculate the equivalent capacitance for a chain of series capacitors Calculate the equivalent capacitance for a network of parallel capacitors Explain the current-voltage relation for an inductor Calculate the equivalent inductance for a chain of series inductors Calculate the equivalent inductance for a network of parallel inductors Determine dc steady state voltages and/or currents for an RLC circuit

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

16

Learning Objectives
6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 First Order Circuits Define a first order circuit Calculate the time constant for a simple RC circuit Calculate the time constant for a simple RL circuit Analyze first-order circuits Define a unit step function Characterize the behavior of a first-order circuit by its step response

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

17

Learning Objectives
7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Second Order Circuits Define a second order circuit Determine the natural response of a second order circuit Determine the forced response of a second order circuit Determine the total response of a second order circuit Characterize the behavior of a second order circuit by its step response Sinusoidal Excitation and Phasors Calculate the frequency of a sinusoidal function Analyze a circuit using sinusoidal excitation Use the phasor method to analyze an electrical circuit Calculate the equivalent impedance of an RLC circuit

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

18

Textbooks
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, 7TH EDITION. By Dorf and Svoboda. 2006. John Wiley & Sons
ISBN#: 978-0-471-73042-4.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

19

Questions
What is engineering?
The application of scientific, physical, mechanical and mathematical principles to design processes, products and structures that improve the quality of life. the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

20

Questions
What is an Engineer?
One who is trained or professionally engaged in a branch of engineering.

What does and engineer do?

Drive locomotives

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

21

Todays Lecture
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electric Circuits and Current 1.3 Systems of Units 1.4 Voltage 1.5 Power & Energy 1.6 Circuit Analysis & Design

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

22

1.1 Introduction
Electrical Engineering is concerned with systems that produce, transmit and measure electric signals. Closely tied to mathematics and physics, EE emphasis is on application of both science to create practical solutions.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

23

1.1 Introduction
5 Major Classifications of electrical systems
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Communications Systems Computer Systems Control Systems Power Systems Signal Processing Systems

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

24

1.1 Introduction - Circuit Theory

The study of static and moving electric charges.
Special case of electromagnetic field theory Better approach than general field theory Provides simple solutions to otherwise complex field theory problems. Provides methodology for solving problems Circuit theory study has made great contributions development of man-made systems.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

25

1.1 Introduction - Circuit Theory Basic Assumptions

Charges in motion cause electrical signals. Signal propagate near speed of light ~ c. Net charge on every component in the system is zero; i.e. no component can collect a net excess of charge. No magnetic coupling between the components; but can occur within.
August 26, 2008 Roderick R. Crowder 26

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

An electric circuit (ckt.) or electrical network (net.) is a collection of electrical elements linked together in a closed path so that an electric current may flow continuously.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

27

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

Charge and current. Electrical Force is caused by the presence of electrical charges.
Two types: positive (+) and negative (-). Opposite charges attract and like charges repel.

Electrical Charge (Q or q) is measured in coulombs (C). The text defines upper case symbols as designating constants and lower case as designating varying quantities.
1 electron = -1.6021 x 10-19 C or 1 C = 6.24 x 1018 electrons.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

28

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current Electrical Current (I or i) is measured in Amperes or Amps (A).
i is defined to be the change in charge over time, like speed is change in position.
i = dq/dt (Eq. 1.2-1) An ampere 1A = 1C/1s Terminology - Current is in or through.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

29

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

Current in a electric circuit element. Note that current has a magnitude and a direction. i1 = -i2

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

30

t0

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

qT = q(t) q(t0) =

t0

idt

(Eq. 1.2-2)

Examples 1.2-1 thru 1.2-3 and exercises 1.2-1, 1.2-3 Ex. 1.2-1

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

31

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

(a) A ramp with slope M (b) A sinusoid (c) A exponential

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

32

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

A direct current of magnitude I at t>0

August 26, 2008 Roderick R. Crowder 33

1.2 Electric Circuits & Current

Find the charge?

August 26, 2008 Roderick R. Crowder 34

1.3 Systems of Units

Need consistent system of units for representing quantities In order for science to become a universal language, we must agree on term that have the same meaning. Like the integral in Calculus.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

35

1.3 International System of Units

Called (SI) for short. Common unit system for engineering around the world. Based on six defined quantities
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic temperature Luminous intensity

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

36

1.3 International System of Units

SI UNITS QUANTITY
Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic Temperature Luminous Intensity
August 26, 2008

BASIC UNIT
Meter Kilogram Second Ampere Degree Kelvin Candela
Roderick R. Crowder

SYMBOL
m kg s A K cd
37

1.4 Voltage
Electric Circuit or Network. Electromotive force or electrical potential difference voltage in volts (V). It can be thought of as the energy that pushes charge through an element and therefore induces a current in that element.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

38

1.4 Voltage

The Figure shows Voltage notation and reference direction. Voltage exists across and element. Two equivalent voltage representations. vab = -vba.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

39

1.4 Voltage
Voltage is further defined as the work (energy) required to move a unit positive charge from the - terminal to + terminal.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

40

1.4 Voltage
The Equation for voltage is: V = dw/dq
Where v is the voltage, w is energy or work and q is the charge. A charge of 1 Coulomb delivers an energy of 1 Joule as it move through a voltage of 1 V.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

41

1.5 Power & Energy

Electrical Power (P) is defined as the time rate of expending or absorbing energy (a) power absorbed by element (b) power supplied by element

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

42

1.5 Power & Energy

P (power) = dE/dt or dw/dt = v i (Eq 1.5-1 & 1.5-2) Where E or w is energy or work in Joules (J). and power is in Watts (J/s).

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

43

1.5 Power & Energy

The integration of power yields electrical energy or work in Joules absorbed by an element over t time. t E or w (energy or work) = pdt = vidt
t0
August 26, 2008 Roderick R. Crowder

t0
44

1.5 Power & Energy

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Which devices supply 12W? Which devices absorb 12W? What is the value of the power received by device B? What is the value of the power delivered to device B? What is the value of the power delivered to device D?
Roderick R. Crowder 45

August 26, 2008

1.6 Circuit Analysis & Design

Circuit analysis is the methodical study of a given circuit to determine the magnitude and direction of one or more circuit variables such as voltage or current.

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

46

1.6 Circuit Analysis & Design

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

47

Assignment
All problems in Sections 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 pp 16-17 of text I will work selected problems in class PQ will be similar problem from HW

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

48

Q&A

Questions?

August 26, 2008

Roderick R. Crowder

49