94

CHAPTER 2 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

Therefore, we can think of the upper half of the circle as the graph of the equation y = -v/9 X2> and the lower half as the graph of y = ^/9 **. Clearly, no vertical line can intersect either graph at more than one point, so each curve in Figure 2b and Figure 2c is the graph of a function.
Figure 2

(a)

(b)

PROBLEM In problems 1-52, ktf(x) = 2x + 5, g(x) = x2 - 2x + 8,h(x) = (x + 3)/(* - 2), k(x) = 1 + x, H(x) = |3 - 4*|, and /(*) = ^ + 8. Find each of the indicated values. In problems 48-51, round off each answer to three decimal places.

3. A(0) 7. /(3) 11. *(4) 15. v^(-2) 19. A(a) + 2 23. A(a + 2) 27. f(a + b) -f(a] 31. A(7*)
33.

4. //(-I)

8- 5(3)
12. //(-4)
/L/C\ *o V'H^/ 20. /t(a) + 2 24. f(a) +/(2) 28. A (a + b) 32. ^(7*)

34.

35. 7^W 39. /(-*)

43. //(A:2)

36 T-/' 1 } * f(x + a)
40. h(-x)

45

\x + a 41. g(-x)

@49. (-3.712)

- L/W]

\x + a 42. f(x2) 46. [h(x)]2 50. F(2.341)

38.

47. [5(^)] [)51. A(-3.471)

44. ^(x2) @48. F( 1.460) 52. ^ (v/7)

SECTION 2.3 FUNCTIONS

95

In problems 53-60, find the difference quotient for each function.

53. /(*) = 3* + 5 56. /(*) = x - 3

59. /(AT) = ^
2

54. /(*) = 2
57. 60.

55./W
58. /(*)

= X(X -

2)

In problems 61-63, find the specified values for each function.

if x < I if 1 < x < 3 (a) /(O) if x > 3 if x < 3 if x > 3 if 0 < x < I if 1 < x <: 2 (a) if 2 < x < 3 64. Express j explicitly as a function of* if
2 -

(b) (b) (b) A(2)

(c)

(c)

65.

(a) Determine each of the values /(- 2), /(- 1), /(O), /(1), and /(2). (b) Represent the values in part (a) using function notation, mapping notation, and ordered pair notation. 66. Letf(x) = x + 2, g(x) = 1x - 1, and h(x] - x - I . Determine which of the following equations hold for all values of x.

| (:i^7-w ~
| * = 5*2+1 M )

w A(1)

^* > =/+/(*)
68. W = 5 * 3 - 7

+2

|In problems 67-74, find the domain of each function.

69. A (*) = 72. /(*) =
AfAT) . -,

ft). F(X) = _JL AT - 2

2

71. 74. 74.

|. , W= 4^1
^ -4
AT2 - 1

+1
77. j = V2T 80. * = 1

Kctilr 75~8' graph thC eqUatin and dCtermine Whether the raPh reP*ents
76. 3^2 + 3j2 = 75 79. (AT - I) 2 + (j + 2 ) 2 = 4

96

CHAPTER 2 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

81. Which of the graphs in Figure 3 represent functions? Figure 3

85. Tl

C01
C2 (a) 86, A c

-1

O
-t*x

-1

ceni func 87. A n t have as a

(a)

(b)

() c

-5 -3 -10 i

-+*

(d)

(e)

82. Suppose that a rectangular-shaped box has a height of 3 centimeters and a square base with a length of x centimeters. Express the volume F of the box as a function of x. [c]83. A rock falls from a height of 40 meters, and its height h after t seconds is given by the function h(t) = 40 - 13*2 Determine the height of the rock above the ground level (rounded to two decimal places) when (a) / = 1 (b) t = 1.2 (c) t = 1.75 jjT] 84. The velocity V of blood, in centimeters per second, at x centimeters from the center of a given artery is given by the function V(x) = 1.28 - 20.000*2 Determine the velocity of the blood (rounded to four decimal places) when (a) x = 0.0020 (b) x = 0.0040 (c) x = 0.0053

^ A man commi: five's vv x is in c 89 - Equal s board t up the f x is the W - Theder. demand always e<

Figure 5

SECTION 2.3 FUNCTIONS

97

85. The function C for converting temperature from Fahrenheit degrees F to Celsius (centigrade) degrees is given by

C(F) = f (F - 32)
Convert each of the following from Fahrenheit to Celsius. ,. (a) 32F (b) 86F (c) 0F (d) -13F 86-.- -A closed box with a square base of x centimeters has a volume of 400 cubic centimeters. Express the total surface area A of the exterior of the box as a function of x. 87. An outdoor track is to be constructed in the shape shown in Figure 4 and is to have a perimeter of P meters. Express the total area A enclosed by the track as a function of P. Figure 4

88. A manufacturer's sales representative receives a weekly salary of $325 plus a commission of 10 percent of the sales made that week. Express the representative's weekly salary S as a function of the amount of the weekly sales x, where x is in dollars. 89. Equal squares are cut from the four corners of a rectangular piece of cardboard that is 10 inches by 14 inches. An open box is then formed by folding up the flaps (Figure 5). Express the volume V of the box as function of *, where x is the length of the side of the squares removed. 90. The demand for a certain kind of candy bar is such that the product of the demand d (in thousands of cartons) and the price p (in dollars per carton) is always equal to 250,000, so long as the price is not less than 52.00 nor more than Figure J

-14 inches-

f
?

10 inches